US2012331A - Silencer - Google Patents
Silencer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2012331A US2012331A US624751A US62475132A US2012331A US 2012331 A US2012331 A US 2012331A US 624751 A US624751 A US 624751A US 62475132 A US62475132 A US 62475132A US 2012331 A US2012331 A US 2012331A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silencer
- gas
- discharge
- whirling
- shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 title description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/007—Apparatus used as intake or exhaust silencer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
- F02M35/1205—Flow throttling or guiding
- F02M35/1211—Flow throttling or guiding by using inserts in the air intake flow path, e.g. baffles, throttles or orifices; Flow guides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
- F02M35/1205—Flow throttling or guiding
- F02M35/1233—Flow throttling or guiding by using expansion chambers in the air intake flow path
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
Definitions
- This invention relates to silencers for mullling exhaust or intake noises of power engines, compressors, blowers, or the noise of discharge of fire-arms.
- a silencer according to the invention is devised to impart a whirling movement to gas, air, vapour or steam being discharged from or admitted to an engine or the like or expelled from a. gun-barrel or the like under conditions such that this whirling movement persists as a vortex within a series of vortex chambers each having a substantially central discharge aperture of substantially circular form at the end of such chamber remote from the gas entrance, the axis 16 of each of said vortices containing the centre of each aperture.
- gas medium non-uniform discharge or intake of which is responsible for the noise.
- the inlet of the silencer is fitted with fixed guide vanes designed to impart an initial whirling motion to the gas, the rotational motion of which persists as a vortex after the gas has left the vanes.
- Fig. 1 is an axial section of a silencer having a stream-line body suitable for silencing the exhaust of an acre-engine.
- Fig. la is a fragmentary view showing a variant.
- Fig. 2 is an axial section of a silencer with parallel-sided body suitable for the exhaust or gas discharge of an internal combustion engine or air compressor.
- Fig. 3 is an axial section oi! a silencer for muffling the noise of discharge from a gun.
- the shell or body of the silencer denotes the shell or body of the silencer, the longitudinal section of which may be of any suitable shape and the transverse sections of which are of substantially circular shape, that is the shell constitutes a body of revolution.- As shown, the shell I is divided by transverse partitions so as to constitute a series of vortex chambers. The gas enters by the inlet passage 2 and is given a whirling motion by the fixed inclined guide vanes 3.
- the vortex chamber 4 having a central or nearly central circular discharge aperture 5 at the end remote from that at which the whirling gas enters this chamber, the gas in said chamber has a convergent vortical motion which has its maximum velocity of whirl at the point of discharge into the next vortex chamber 6 in which and in the discharge aperture 1 similar vortical action occurs, to be repeated in vortex chambers 8 and III and discharge apertures 9 and II.
- the shell or body I has a stream-line form, so that when the silencer is fitted on an aeroplane, there will be a minimum of resistance 5 to the motion of the silencer through the atmosphere.
- the body I may be continued to a point as shown in Fig. 1a.
- the tail portion I3 is provided with slots or apertures It for the ejection of the gas.
- Figs. 1 and 2 the inner ends of the vanes 3 are attached to a central piece l2 of conoidal shape. In the form shown in Fig. 15 3 this central piece is omitted to allow the passage of the bullet or projectile from a firearm or gun.
- the discharge end of the silencer is connected to the intake of the engine or the like, and atmospheric air is admitted at the inlet end of the silencer.
- the whirling gas passing through the central discharge aperture functions as a gaseous fly-wheel, so that the higher its speed the smaller need be the fluctuations of its speed in order to absorb the energy of the gases 0 entering the silencer.
- the noise of nonuniformly discharging gases is proportional to the departure from uniformity of the rate of energy discharge, and, as the flywheel action promotes uniformity of discharge, the noise 0! 5 discharge is greatly eliminated.
- a silencer comprising a hollow shell in the form of a body of revolution having a gas entrance at one end and a gas discharge opening 5 substantially at the axis at the opposite end, an internal imperforate transverse deflector mounted adjacent to said gas entrance, a circular series of fixed internal vanes arranged around and inclined to the axis of revolution across the an- 55 nular gap between said deflector and the walls of said shell, said deflector and vanes impressing a definite whirling motion on the entering gas, and at least one frusto-conical baflle situated between said deflector and vanes and said discharge opening, the larger end of said bafile throughout its periphery contacting the inner surface of said shell, the smaller end of said bafile being directed toward the inlet and forming a substantially circular aperture through which the gasflows with a spiral'vortical'motion;
- baffle being otherwise imperforate, and compartments formed on each side of said baffle, each of said compartments being bounded at one end by said bafile and free of internal obstructions and extending the full diameter of said shell whereby the spiral vortical motion impressed upon the gas by said deflectors and vanes at the entrance end of said shell is continued by said aperture to thereby promote a uniform discharge of the gas from said silencer.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Description
Aug. 27, 1935. w. ALEXANDER SILENCER Filed July 26, 1952 FI E] Patented Aug. 27, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application July 26, 1932, Serial No. 624,751 In Great Britain July 7, 1932 IClaim.
This invention relates to silencers for mullling exhaust or intake noises of power engines, compressors, blowers, or the noise of discharge of fire-arms.
6 A silencer according to the invention is devised to impart a whirling movement to gas, air, vapour or steam being discharged from or admitted to an engine or the like or expelled from a. gun-barrel or the like under conditions such that this whirling movement persists as a vortex within a series of vortex chambers each having a substantially central discharge aperture of substantially circular form at the end of such chamber remote from the gas entrance, the axis 16 of each of said vortices containing the centre of each aperture.
For convenience the medium non-uniform discharge or intake of which is responsible for the noise is hereinafter referred to as gas.
30 The inlet of the silencer is fitted with fixed guide vanes designed to impart an initial whirling motion to the gas, the rotational motion of which persists as a vortex after the gas has left the vanes.
Several forms of silencer according to the in vention are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 is an axial section of a silencer having a stream-line body suitable for silencing the exhaust of an acre-engine. Fig. la is a fragmentary view showing a variant.
Fig. 2 is an axial section of a silencer with parallel-sided body suitable for the exhaust or gas discharge of an internal combustion engine or air compressor.
Fig. 3 is an axial section oi! a silencer for muffling the noise of discharge from a gun.
In all the figures I denotes the shell or body of the silencer, the longitudinal section of which may be of any suitable shape and the transverse sections of which are of substantially circular shape, that is the shell constitutes a body of revolution.- As shown, the shell I is divided by transverse partitions so as to constitute a series of vortex chambers. The gas enters by the inlet passage 2 and is given a whirling motion by the fixed inclined guide vanes 3. The vortex chamber 4 having a central or nearly central circular discharge aperture 5 at the end remote from that at which the whirling gas enters this chamber, the gas in said chamber has a convergent vortical motion which has its maximum velocity of whirl at the point of discharge into the next vortex chamber 6 in which and in the discharge aperture 1 similar vortical action occurs, to be repeated in vortex chambers 8 and III and discharge apertures 9 and II.
In Fig. l the shell or body I has a stream-line form, so that when the silencer is fitted on an aeroplane, there will be a minimum of resistance 5 to the motion of the silencer through the atmosphere.
Instead of terminating with a circular discharge aperture II the body I may be continued to a point as shown in Fig. 1a. In this form 10 the tail portion I3 is provided with slots or apertures It for the ejection of the gas.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the inner ends of the vanes 3 are attached to a central piece l2 of conoidal shape. In the form shown in Fig. 15 3 this central piece is omitted to allow the passage of the bullet or projectile from a firearm or gun.
When the silencer is to be used for muiillng intake noises of internal combustion engines and go in compressors, the discharge end of the silencer is connected to the intake of the engine or the like, and atmospheric air is admitted at the inlet end of the silencer.
In the silencers illustrated a. strong converga ing vortex is generated in each vortex chamber and in its central discharge aperture, so that, particularly in these central discharge apertures, there is a large velocity of whirl. The fluctuating or non-uniform flow of gas entering the so silencer from the engine or gun causes fluctuations in the whirling motion of the gas in the vortex chambers, but these fluctuations are very much less in the rapidly whirling gas than they would be in an initially non-whirling or stag5 tionary gas. In efiect, the whirling gas passing through the central discharge aperture functions as a gaseous fly-wheel, so that the higher its speed the smaller need be the fluctuations of its speed in order to absorb the energy of the gases 0 entering the silencer. Now, the noise of nonuniformly discharging gases is proportional to the departure from uniformity of the rate of energy discharge, and, as the flywheel action promotes uniformity of discharge, the noise 0! 5 discharge is greatly eliminated.
What I claim is:-
A silencer comprising a hollow shell in the form of a body of revolution having a gas entrance at one end and a gas discharge opening 5 substantially at the axis at the opposite end, an internal imperforate transverse deflector mounted adjacent to said gas entrance, a circular series of fixed internal vanes arranged around and inclined to the axis of revolution across the an- 55 nular gap between said deflector and the walls of said shell, said deflector and vanes impressing a definite whirling motion on the entering gas, and at least one frusto-conical baflle situated between said deflector and vanes and said discharge opening, the larger end of said bafile throughout its periphery contacting the inner surface of said shell, the smaller end of said bafile being directed toward the inlet and forming a substantially circular aperture through which the gasflows with a spiral'vortical'motion;
said baffle being otherwise imperforate, and compartments formed on each side of said baffle, each of said compartments being bounded at one end by said bafile and free of internal obstructions and extending the full diameter of said shell whereby the spiral vortical motion impressed upon the gas by said deflectors and vanes at the entrance end of said shell is continued by said aperture to thereby promote a uniform discharge of the gas from said silencer.
WILLIAM ALEXANDER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2012331X | 1932-07-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2012331A true US2012331A (en) | 1935-08-27 |
Family
ID=10896029
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US624751A Expired - Lifetime US2012331A (en) | 1932-07-07 | 1932-07-26 | Silencer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2012331A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2928491A (en) * | 1955-02-21 | 1960-03-15 | John M Crouch | Sound and gas-flow control unit |
WO1997009527A1 (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1997-03-13 | Woco Franz-Josef Wolf & Co. | Exhaust silencer |
FR2862121A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-13 | Renault Sas | Pulsation dampener for e.g. diesel engine, has inner wall with slots extending on its peripheral part, and wide conical portions whose diameters increase from inlet towards outlet of fluid passage |
CN103930666A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-07-16 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Arrangement of an air supply device on a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine |
US9587536B2 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2017-03-07 | Charles C. Belt | Exhaust muffler |
-
1932
- 1932-07-26 US US624751A patent/US2012331A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2928491A (en) * | 1955-02-21 | 1960-03-15 | John M Crouch | Sound and gas-flow control unit |
WO1997009527A1 (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1997-03-13 | Woco Franz-Josef Wolf & Co. | Exhaust silencer |
FR2862121A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-13 | Renault Sas | Pulsation dampener for e.g. diesel engine, has inner wall with slots extending on its peripheral part, and wide conical portions whose diameters increase from inlet towards outlet of fluid passage |
CN103930666A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-07-16 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Arrangement of an air supply device on a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine |
US20140326215A1 (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-11-06 | Daimler Ag | Arrangement of an Air Supply Device on a Cylinder Head for an Internal Combustion Engine |
CN103930666B (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2017-07-25 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Arrangement of the air feeder in the cylinder head for internal combustion engine |
US9587536B2 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2017-03-07 | Charles C. Belt | Exhaust muffler |
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