US1110482A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

G. B. COLLIER.

GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1913.

Patented Sept. 15, 1914..

3 SHEETS-SHEET l,

(95 Jim/677E071 %Q% G. B. COLLIER. GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1913. 1, 1 1 0,482.

Patented Sept. 15, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

G. B. COLLIER.

OARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1-913.

Patented Sept. 15, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

GUY B. COLLIER, OF KINDERHOOK, NEW YORK.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 23, 1913. Serial No. 769,371

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that LGUY B. COLLIER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Kinderhook, in the county of Columbia and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. 1

The present invention relates to carbureters for internal combustion motors, and more particularly to carbureters which are employed for securing an explosive mixture of gas and air from the less volatile liquids, as kerosene.

It has long been endeavored to produce a carburetor in which various liquids other than gasolene or benzin could .be successfully vaporized and combined with air to form a true explosive mixture under varying conditions of operation, but for various reasons none of the existing types of carbureters accomplish this end satisfactorily, although many of them will operate with more or less indifferent success after the motor has been started with a more volatile fluid.

One object of the present invention is to provide a carbureter of an improved type which will successfully vaporize the more stablefuels and combine them with air to form a true explosive mixture under all conditions of operation.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a carbureter which not only forms a true explosive mixture of this fuel, but which combines the gaseous fuel and air in such quantities as to form the most economical mixture possible under various working conditions.

\Vith these objects in view, the various features of the invention consist in certain novel features of construction, combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described and claimed, the advantages of which will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the following description.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating the preferred form of the invention, Figure 1 represents an elevation partly 1n section, of a carbureter embodying the several features of the invention in their preferred forms; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the carbureter shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an elevatlon partly in section, of the carbureter taken at right angles to the View shown in Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a detail illustrating a vlew of the cam roll for operatively connectmg one of the cam disks and operating arm.

The carbureter shown in the illustrated embodiment of the invention is designed for a variety of uses and may be employed, for

example, in connection with four-cycle automobile motors, two-cycle motor boat eng nes, or the slower speed stationary engmes, and with any desired fuel, but more particularly the lower distillates of petroleum oil, as kerosene.

The body of the carbureter is formed of a single integral casting indicated at l, which is substantially cylindrical in form and is provided with an axial passage 2 extending from top to bottom of the carbureter and forming the mixing chamber. At the bottom of the carburetor, and'opening into the mixing chamber are fuel, water and air nozzles, indicated respectively at 5, 6 and 7. The nozzles, as shown clearly in Fig. 2, are threadedly mounted in the casing 1 and are all directed toward a common point, the

Patented Sept. 15, 1914.

fuel and water nozzles being supported horizontally, and the air nozzle being supported vertically beneath them. Owing to the provlsion of the threaded connections between the nozzle and the casing, the working faces of the nozzles may be adjusted toward and,

from one another to secure any desired relation of the various jets. As the fuel and water nozzles and governing valves are identical in construction, a description of one will sufiice. Each nozzle is provided with an axial chamber 9, through which a needle valve 10 passes and communicates with the needle valve seat 11 in the usual manner. The liquid flows into the chamber 9 from a chamber 12 formed in the casing l surrounding the nozzle and communicating with the chamber 9 through a plurality of passages 13 formed in the nozzle. ,The chamber 12is in constant communication with the float chamber 13 in which a constant level is maintained in the usual manner by a float 15. The air nozzle 7 is provided with a needle valve 14 and is identical in construction with the liquid nozzle, but the chamber 12 surrounding the air nozzle is connect-ed through a pipe 17 with a compressed air tank from which communication may be cut off when desired by a suitable valve 18. With this construction, when the valve 14 is opened a stream of compressed air issues from the nozzle 7 and breaks up the fuel and water threads issuing from the nozzles 5 and 6, causing an intimate mixture of the liquid vapor and air. In some cases it is founddesirable to employ the com- I of a proper amount of air when the compressed air nozzle is not in use, and the only function, therefore, of the valve 21 is to either cut off the flow of air through the passage entirely, or to permit an unrestricted flow of air through the passage when the air nozzle is inoperative.

It is a well recognized fact that when operating with the heavier and less volatile grades of fuel, a more sensitive and uniform mixture is obtained by heating the vapor during its passage through the carbureter. This is commonly accomplished in many forms of carbureters by employing the exhaust of the engine to heat the air which is drawn into the carbureter and mixes with the fuel, or by providing a hot water jacket surrounding the mixing chamber which communicates with the hot Water jacket of the motor, but both of these constructions are objectionablein at least one respect, as they have no provision for heating the mixture until after the motor is started, and as the vapor must be heated to produce a uniform mixture, when starting up and operating on kerosene it has been found necessary inmany cases to first start the motor on gasolene and then shift to kerosene. In order to overcome these objections the present carbureter is provided with a heating coil, indicated at 23, and located in the lower portion of the mixing chamber. This coil is insulated from the casing 1 through the provision of two blocks of insulating material 24, through which pass the leads to the terminals 25 and 26. The passage of the heating current through the coil is controlled by a double throw switch 28, which,

when the circuit is closed, is connected directly to the, terminal 25 through a wire 30 upon one side and upon the opposite side is connected to the terminal 26 through the resistance coil 31 and either through the batteries 32 or generator 33, depending upon whether the arm of the switch engages with the contact 34 or the contact 35. With this construction the circuit may be closed of the invention this variation of the resistance is controlled automatically in ac cord-ance with the extent of the throttle opening, and the circuit opened at approximately full throttle opening To this end the arm 36 of the resistance coil is connected through a link 37 with one arm 38 ofa bell crank secured to the butterfly throttle valve 39. Upon opening the throttle the connecting rod 37 is moved in the direction of the arrow to increase the amount of resistance in the circuit, and consequently cut down the current which passes throu h the coil 23. In addition to the heating e ect of the coil 23, the mixing chamber is provided with an annular heating jacket 40 which communicates with the exhaust pipe 41 through a passage 42. v

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, as shown clearly in Fig. 2, a portion of the exhaust gases passes from the exhaust pipe through the annular chamber 40 and thence out through an exhaust pipe 43 which communicates with the main exhaust pipe. The admission of the exhaust gases to the heating jacket is regulated by a segmental valve 44 which is rotatably mounted at the junction of the passages 41 and 42, as shown clearly in Fig. 2, and is partially rotated to divert either a part or a whole of the exhaust gases through the annular jacket 40. As the throttle is opened the amount of heated gas passing outwardly through the exhaust pipe 41 greatly increases, and in order to maintain the heating jacket and mixing chamber within the proper temperature. limits it is desirable to automatically reduce the relative proportion of gas passing through the heating chamher. To this end the valve 44 is connected through suitable mechanism with the throttle valve, and is automatically controlled thereby and arranged to divert a proportionately lesser quantity of the exhaust gases through the heating jacket as the throttle is opened. The valve 44 is mounted upon a shaft 45 to which an arm 46 is secured and the free end of the arm 46 is connected through a rod 48 with a cam disk 50 loosely journaled upon a supporting shaft 49. The cam disk 50 is connected through a link 51 with an arm 52 of the bell crank which is secured to the butterfly throttle valve 39. Thus, with this construction, as the throttle valve is opened the cam disk is rotated in the direction of the arrow and through the connecting rod 48 rocks the valve 44 and gradually closes the pas- I sage 42.

In order to accommodate the heating effect of the exhaust gases to different tem perature changes, the arm 46, as shown clearly in Fig. 1, is adjustably Secured to the shaft 45 through a split collar and clamping bolt 53, enabling the position of the valve to be varied relative to the cam disk 50.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the amount of heat'necessary to maintain the temperature of the mixing chamber within the proper limits will depend partially upon the nature of, the fuel and the quantity of water employed- 7 From the above description it will be ob- .vious to those skilled in the art that as the throttle is opened and the motor takes up its normal speed of rotation, the current passed through the heating coil 23 is gradually decreased and under certain conditions is eventually cut off altogether, and at the same time the proportionate amount of exhaust gas passing through the annular jacket is decreased, but as the heat and quantity of the exhaust gases have been greatly increased in the meantime, the temperature of the heating jacketand mixing chamber is maintained within the proper limits.

- In addition to heating the mixture as it passes through the mixing chamber to thoroughly volatilize the liquid, it is desirable "to'mechanically agitate this mixture in its passage from the carbureter to the motor to cause a thorough and intimate mixture of the fuel, air, and whatever other constituents are present, and to produce a more uniform and rapid heating of the mixture. To this end the mixing chamber, as shown clearly in Fig. 2, is formed as an elongated cylindrical passageway having a shaft 55. journaled therein, upon which are supported a plurality of paddle wheels 56. The shaft is jour naled at its opposite ends in spiders 57 se cured-in the casing, and is preferably r0 tated by the passage of the gas through a paddle wheel 58 securedto the upper end of the shaft and having its blades inclined to the plane of rotation.

Although in the illustrated embodiment of the invention the agitator shaft is ope:- ated by the passage of the gas through the mixing chamber, yet it is to be understood that this is not essential and that the shaft may be operated, if so desired, in any other suitable manner. In addition to the use of kerosene or other fuel of this type, it is sometimes advisable to employ gasolenc or other lighter and volati e fuel for the purpose of readily forming an explosive mlxture to start the motor. To

this end a fuel nozzle 60 is secured in the casing 1 and pro ects into the passageway 20, as shown clearly in Fig This nozzle is connected in the usual manner with a float chamber 61 and source of gasolene (not shown) and is normally maintained inoperative by cutting ofi'the supply of gasolene through a suitable hand wheel 62.

In order to either maintain a uniform mixture under varying conditions of throttle opening and suction in the motor, or to automatically vary the proportions of the mixture as desired, the opening of the various nozzles is automatically controlled to varythe supply through the nozzles as desired. The compressed air needle valve 14 is operatively connected with the cam disk 50 through a lever 60 pivoted between its ends at 61. needle valve between two stop nuts 63 which are threadedly mounted upon the needle valve and serve as an adjustment, allowing the opening of the valve to be varied for the'same position of the lever 60. The opposite end of the lever is maintained in engagement with the cam rib 65 adjustably secured to the periphery of the cam disk 50 and serving to accurately open the needle valve in accordance with the opening of the throttle. The end of the arm 60 is provided with a' cam roll 66 loosely journaled thereon and held in engagement with the cam rib by a tension spring .67 connected to the arm.

In order to automatically T govern the opening of the fuel and Water needle valves in a like manner they are connected respectively to cam ribs 69 and 70 through connections similar to those described in connection with the compressed air needle valve. With the above described construction the opening of the various needle valves is -controlled automatically according to the opening of'the throttle and the amount to which each valve is opened maybe regulated accurately by adjusting the position of the needle valve operating lever with relation to the stem of the needle valve through the stop nuts 63.

In the preferred form of the invention it is desired to so position and design the cam rib 7 0 governing the Water needle valve that the water needle valve does not become operative until the throttle is from one third to two thirds full open, and from this point t is opening of the water valve is gradually increased.- It will be obvious, to those skilled in the art that by suitably changing the shape and lead of the cam ribs any desired character and magnitude ofthe needle valve openings maybe obtained.

In addition to varying certain of the con stituents of the explosive mixture according to the amount of throttle opening itis further desirable to control the character of the mixture in accordance with the degree of vacuum in the intake manifold. To this end the present carbureter is provided With a compensating device operatively connected One. end of the lever engages the supply valves in proportion to the degree of vacuum in the intake pipe.

The compensator is 7 dicated at 72 and is provided with an inner.- chamber 73 and an outer annular chamber 75 communicating with one another through pasages 76 formed in the bottom of the dividing partition.

'- The chamber 73 is in free communication withthe intake manifold through the pipe 78, and the chamber 75 is in constant communication with the atmosphere through the opening 79. The two chambers are filled with mercury to approximatelythe helght shown in Fig. 1, and as the pressure upon the surfaces of the mercury varies with the degree of vacuum in the intake manlfold the height of mercury in the inner chamber, owing to the greater atmospheric pressure in the outer chamber will normally rise. To prevent splashing of the liquid under difierent conditions a plurality. of steel balls 80 are disposed in the annular chamber 75and float upon the surface of the mercury. The inner chamber is provided with a float 82 of any suitable type which is connected with a cam disk 86 through alink 85 and a rod 84 secured at its opposite ends to the float and to the link 85 and slidingly supported in the I of the invention the opening of the throttle casing of the compensator.

The cam disk 86, as shown clearl in Fig. 3, is loosely journaled uponthe sha t 49 outside of the cam disk 50. With this construction it will be readily seen that as the level of mercury in the chamber .73 rises and falls the correspondin movement of the float will be imparted to t e cam disk 86.

In the present embodiment of the invention the cam disk 86 controls the opening of the auxiliary air intake valves and serves preferably to close the air valves and cause a lesser amount of air to be combined in the mixture as the vacuum is increased by closing the throttle, or by speeding up the engine with a constant vthrottle opening by lightening the load. An air intake passage 88 opens into the mixing chamber above the nozzles and is provided with a butterfly valve 89 which is operated through a pair of segmental gears 90 and 91 operatively con-- nected to the cam disk through anarm 94 and cam roll 95 engaging the cam rib 93 adjustably secured to the disk. In addition to the above described air intake a further quantity of air is admitted to the carbureter at the upper end of the -mixing chamber. This air passes in through the lower portion of a chamber 97 and is heated in its passage through the chamber before" being combined with the mixture by providing an annular chamber which surrounds the heating jacket so that the walls of the chamber with which the incoming air contacts are main= taiued at a igher temperature than the air.

closed, and as the throttle tle opening. In order to are of the form shown clearly in Fig. 4

"In order to aid the passage of the incoming the intake passage 103 and provided with an arm 104 which is operatively connected with a cam rib 106 secured to the cam disk 86. With this construction, as the cam disk is rotated, owing. to an increased vacuum in the intake manifold the valve is closed to cause a decreased flow of air. In addition to the intake of air through this valve the opposite side of the chamber is provided with an intakepassage 110 in which is located a valve 112 normally closed by a spring 113. When the suction in the chamber overcomes the force of the spring the valve is opened until a cap 114 secured to'the stem .of the valve contacts with a stationary abutment 115. This valve is designed and intended to admit the proper quantity of air to the chamber 97 when the throttle is nearly is gradually opened, air is also. admitted through the valve 102.

Although in the illustrated embodiment governs the opening of the needle valves, and the vacuum in the intake manifold governs the auxiliary air intakes, yet it is to be understood that under certain conditions it may be advisable to control the opening'of all or part of the needle valves by the-vacuum in the intake or to control the opening of the auxiliary air valves through the throtreadily accomplish these changes the cam rolls connecting the various valves with the cam disks and 86 having an elongated hub 117 and an en larged head 118. These, cam rolls are of the "same size and are so proportioned with respect to the positions of the two cam disks that by reversing any one of the cam'rolls. the enlarged head may be positioned in the plane of either one of the cam disks and the operation of the valves accordingly governed either by the throttle opening or the vacuum in the intake manifold. Further-. more, although in the illustrated embodiment of the invention the increase of vacuum operates to close the auxihary air valve,

it will be understood that" by reversing the position of the cam ribs upon the cam disk 86 the valves may be opened with an increasing degree of vacuum instead of closed.

ily understood when it is explained that the carbureter is to be used for both stationary engines and automobile engines in which v certain of theconditions are entirely disf The importance of this change will be readsimilar. For example, when operating .with stationary engines the speed is ordinarily governed automatically and it is desirable to cut down the air and prevent racing of the engine when the vacuum exceeds a certain limit. On the other hand in operating automobile motors with a certain throttle opening and vacuum the volume of air taken into the carbureter may be increased to speed up the motor and cause the use of a more economical mixture.

While it is preferred to employ the spe-- cific construction and arrangement of parts shown and described, it will be understood that this construction and arrangement is not essential except so far as specified in the claims, and may be changed or modified without departing from the broader features of the invention.

The invention having been described, what is claimed is 1. A carbureter, having in combination, a central mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle opening into the bottom of the mixing chamber, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle, a heating jacket surrounding the mixing chamber, a supplemental air intake chamber surrounding the heating jacket and opening into the upper portion of the mixing chamber, and a throttle valve controlling the admission of the mixture to the intake manifold.

2. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, a throttle valve, fuel and air nozzles located in the lower portion of the mixing chamber and arranged to atomize the fuel, a resistance coil supported in the mixing chamber above the nozzles, means for completing an electric circuit through the coil to cause the coil to impart heat to the atomized mixture, and means for varying the resistance in the circuit in accordance with the throttle.

8. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, a heating jacket surrounding the mixing chamber, an annular air chamber surrounding the heating jacket and opening into the upper portion of the mixing chamber, a throttle valve, a valve for admitting air to the air chamber when the throttle valve is nearly closed, a supplemental valve for admitting air to the air chamber, and means for opening the supplemental valve in accordance with the opening of the throttle valve.

4. A carbureter comprising fuel and water nozzles supported horizontally, an air nozzle supported vertically beneath the first mentioned nozzles, a needle valve supported in each of the nozzles, and means for adjusting the nozzles toward and from one another.

5. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, a water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets from the fuel and water nozzles, a throttle valve, and means for increasing the fuel and air jets as the throttle is opened and for opening the water nozzle at a predetermined point in the opening of the'throttle valve.

6. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, an air nozzle" arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle, a heating coil for heating the atomized fuel and air, an auxiliary air inlet below the heating coil, an auxiliary air inlet valve for controlling the passage of air through the auxiliary air inlet, a throttle valve, mechanism for controlling the throttle valve, and a connection from said mechanism to the auxiliary inlet valve for controlling said valve in accordance with the throttle.

7. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle, an electric heating coil in the mixing chamber above the nozzles, a throttle valve, and means for increasing the flow of fuel and air through the nozzles and for decreasing the, current through the heating coil as the throttle valve is opened.

8. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixin chamber, a fuel nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle, an electric heating coil above the nozzles, a throttle valve, an auxiliary air inlet, and means for opening the auxiliary air inlet as the throttle valve is opened.

9. A carbureten'having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, av Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets from the fuel and water nozzles an auxiliary air inlet at the bottom of the mixing chamber, means for heating the mixing chamber, and an air inlet for admitting air to the top of the mixing chamber.

10. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, a water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets from the fuel and water nozzles, means for heating the mixing chamber, an auxiliary air inlet at the bottom of the mixing chamber, a second auxiliary air inlet arranged to admit air to the top of the mixing chamber, a throttle valve, and means for controlling the two auxiliary air inlets in accordance with the throttling.

11. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the ct from the fuel nozzle, a throttling valve, a compensating device governed by the degree of vacuum in the intake manifold, and means for controlling one or more of the nozzles either through connections with the throttling valve or through connections with the compensating device.

12. A carbureter, having, in combination,

a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, a Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets from the fuel and Water nozzles, an auxiliary air inlet, a throttling valve, a compensating device governed by the degree of vacuum in the intake manifold, and means for-controlling one or more of the nozzles and the auxiliary air intake either through connections with the throttle valve or through connections with the compensating device.

13. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle, an electric heating coil above the nozzles, a heating jacket surrounding the mixing chamber, a valve for diverting exhaust gases through the heating jacket, a throttle valve, and means for automatically decreasing the current through the heating coil and for operating the valve to decrease the supply of exhaust gases in the heating jacket as the throttle is opened.

14. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, a Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets from the fuel and Water nozzles, means for heating the mixing chamber, an auxiliary air inlet at the bottom of the mixing chamber, a throttling valve, an air inlet at the top of the mixing chamber, two valves controlling the-admission of air to the air inlet, one automatically operated by the suction anterior to the throttle, and the other controlled by the vacuum in the intake manifold.

15. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, a Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets from the fuel and Water nozzles, an electric heating coil above the nozzles, an auxiliary air inlet entering the bottom of the mixing chamber above the nozzles, a heating jacket above the mixing. chamber, an air chamber surrounding the heating jacket and communicating with the top of the mixing chamber, an auxiliary air inlet for admitting air to the air chamber, an agitator in the mixing chamber, a thro'ttle valve, and means for controlling the nozzles and air inlets in accordance With the throttling.

16. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, a Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged toatomize the jets from the fuel and Water nozzles, an electric heating coil above the nozzles, an auxiliary air inlet entering the .bottom of the mixing chamber above the nozzles, a heating jacket above the mixing chamber, an air chamber surrounding the heating jacket and communicating with the top of the mixing chamber, an auxiliary air inlet for admitting air to the air chamber, an agitator in the mixing chamber, a throttle valve, and means for controlling the nozzles and air inlets either through connection With the throttle valve or by the vacuum in the intake manifold.

17. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle, an air intake arranged to direct air across the fuel nozzle, a valve for opening and closing the air intake, and a valve for cutting off the suppl yof air to the air nozzle.

18. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, a water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets from the fuel and Water nozzles, an air intake arranged to direct air across the fuel nozzle, a valve for opening and closin the air intake, and a valve for cutting 01% the supply of air to the air nozzle.

GUY B. COLLIER.

Witnesses:

BURTON W. CARY, M. ArHURLEY.

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