US1109745A - Condenser. - Google Patents

Description

A. FISCHER.

CONDENSER.

APPLIOATION nun JULY 9, 1912.

1 ,1 09,745, Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

Witnesses I UNITED sTAtrEs PATENT orn on.

I ADAL'BERT :rIsonER, O'FVPHILADELPI-HA, PENNSYLVANIA.

, the efficiency of the condensing surfaces,

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Specification of le st; Patent; p tht ds pts 1914.

Application filedJ'uly 9,1912. Seria1No.708,407, a j I To all whom it may concern Be it known-that I, ADALBERT FISCHER, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia,

and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Condensers, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to surface "condensers intended especially for condensing steam but adapted also forcondensing'other condensable gases or vapors.

The object of the invention is to increase and generally to provide an improved condenser of this type.

Surface condensers as commonly made,

having banks of pipes or tubes for the passage of the cooling 'water extending through the condensing chamber, have the disadvantage that the cooling action of the surface of the water tubes is'interfered with surface condensers and to securea moref eflicient action by providing the condenser with cooling surfaces that will quickly and automatically clear themselves of the water.

of condensation deposited thereon and which-are so arranged that the water from an upper surface will not fall on and i111 pair the action of a lower surface and that steam to be condensed will come into ,contact with all parts of the condensingsurfaces. To this end I form the condenser with upwardly extending condensing sur faces, which for best results are vertical or approximately so, and divide these upwardly extending surfaces into anuinber of parts or portionseach of which is arranged to clear itself of the water of condensation deposited on it by being separated.

from the portion next below-it by a projecting i angle or edge fromwhich the water will be d1scharged,ithe'se discharging edges being arranged in different vertical planes so that the water dischargedfrom any one .will "fall; clear of the ones below.

In'the most-'zapprovedform of my coni denser the self-clearing condensing surfaces are providedby one or'more hollow bodies orshells which are arranged vertically and are of decreasing'cross sectional areaifrom the base OlfwlIlfIk end to the top or outlet end, and whi'ch are provided at intervals around their nner 'condensing surface with projecting angles" or edgesffor discharging the water 'ofcondensation deposited on the condensing surface; The" shells or bodies are cooled by waterfor other suitable cooling' medium caused to flow against the outside surface of the bodies. In; the form which I nowconsider most practical, the

condensing shellsor hollow bodies aremade up of 'a'number of cylindrical'sections of successively decreasing diameter from the] lower to the upper end of the body, each suchsection being joined'to the next-sec-. tion above by I an inwardly extending flange on shoulder with a discharging edge or angle .betweensuch flange or shoulder and the next upper section, such dlsoharglng edge or angle being conveniently formed by having the bottomedg'e of the next upper I section project downward slightly below the flange or shoulder.

A full understanding ofgthe invention and'the advantages thereof can best be given by a'detailed description-of an approved construction embodying the same, and such a description will'now be given in connecti'on with the accompanylng'drawlngs; 1n Wl11Cl1.-.

5 Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional vlew of such a condenser; and F1g. 21s a horizontal view partly in section online 20f Fig. 1 but on a reduced scale.

Referring to the drawings, the condenser shown has a bottom chamber 10 -which serves as a receiving or :inlet chamber for the steam tobe'condensed and the lower-part of which serves as a hot well for receiving the water of condensation. The steam enters hot Well through an j outlet pipe 12. Extending upward from the chamber 10 are a number of condensing chambers I 13 formed by thin metal shells'or'bodies l5 of copper thechamber throughan inlet 1'1,"and the water of condensation pumped from the walls 28 and 29.

' away through an outlet 21.

or other cooling fluid is supplied through an inlet 19 and from which the water flows downward over the outer-surtaceof the con densing bodies or shells l5- to-a lower water chamber 20 immediately above the chamber 10 and from which the water passes The condensing bodies or shells-are.shown-as inclosed,

and for best results should be inclosed, by jackets 22 spaced .oitffrom the condensing bodiesto leave aspace through which the cooling water may flow overthe shells from the water chamber 18 .to thechamber 20.,

The sidewalls23 andtop wall 24 of the chamber 10 may beformed of a single casting as shown,vand the bottom 25 of the chamber 10 may be formed as a separate part having a flanged or other connection with the bottom edge otthe side walls 23 so as to be detachable therefrom for cleaning or other purposes.

forthe condensing shells may be made of a single casting 26 detachablysecured by a flanged connection or otherwise to the casting forming the side and top walls of the chamber l0las shown, and which may be open atthe bottomso that the top wall2t of the chamber 10:will form the bottom wall of thewaterchamber 20, and which will have a top wall 27 forming the partition be tween the inlet water chamber 18 and the air chamber 16, a wall 28'forming the bottom of the water chamber 18, a wall 29 forming the top of the lower water chamber 20, and the jackets 22 extending between the The wall 28 is formed with openings 30 through whichthe upper ends of the condensing shells 15 pass and through which the water flows from the chamber 18 downward inside the jackets 90 and the wall 29'has openings 31 for the lowerportions ofthe shells 15 and through which the water passes to the chamber 20.

A cap piece 32forming-with the wall ,27 the chamber 16 may be removably securedto the top ofthe castingl26. g v

The condensing shells 15 are supported by the horizontal walls 24 and 27 and may be secured thereto in any suitable manner but are best secured so as to be independently formedwith downwardly facing shoulders removable. -As shown, the lower edge of each ofnthe. shells l5 rests on an annular supporting ring 35 which is positioned and,

held in a threaded opening in the horizontal Imme The water cha1n'-. 'bers 18Uand 20 and the inclosing jackets22 37 against which shoulders on the supporting rings seat when the rings are forced upward and clampedin position by the nuts 36. The reduced upper ends of the condensing shells extend into flanged and shouldered ends of short sections of pipe 40 by "which they are held in position, each such short pipe-4:0 extending through an opening in the partition 27 and being held in posi- %tion in the opening by a bushing 41to which the pipe section is secured by means .of a'nut 42which screws on to the end of gthe pipe. The openings in the wall 27 are Ethrea'ded and the bushings are flanged and ithreaded to make a tight closure of the ;opening.

Each ofthe condensing shells 15 in the form shownis made up of a plurality of cylindrical sections 50 which are of successively smaller diameter from the bottom ato thetop of the shell, and each of these :sections except the uppermost one has at its upper end an inwardly extending flange 51 by which it is connected to the lower part of thenext section to provide drip or discharge edges or angles between the sections. In the arrangement shown, the flange 51 of each flanged section is connected with zthe outside of the next upper section at a point slightly above the lower edge of such :next upper section so thatthe lower edge of each shell section except the lowermost sec- Etion will form a discharge angle or edge 52 from which the water orother liquid deposited on such sectionwill fall into the bot- .tom of the chamber 10 or hot well without striking or collecting on any lower cooling surface. lVaterdeposited on the lowermost section 50 of each condensing shell will run down and fall to the hot well from the sup portingring and clamping nut at .the bottom. Thejackets 22 should be shaped to conform substantially to the shape ofy'the stepped condensing bodies or shells, as

discharged from the chamber 20 through the,

outlet 21. Steam to be condensed enters through the inlet 11 and passes from the chamber 10 upward through the condensing chamber 13 to be cooled-and condensed by contact with the walls of the condensing shells, the water of condensation falling into the. hot well, and any air carried in with the steam or other uncondensed gases or vapors passes from the condensing chambers through thepipes 40 into the air chamber 16 from which it is withdrawn through the outlet17. Tater deposited on the vertically short condensing surfaces of the several lot sections 50 of each condensing shell will col-. lect at the several discharge edges 52 and fall therefrominto the hot-well. Each section of the condensing surface thus quickly clears itself of the water ofcondensation without interfering with the action of any other portion of the condensing surface, the whole aggregate condensing surface remain ing free from liquid and in condition to act most efiiciently in I cooling the adjacent steam. All partsof the condensing surface, also, will be effective since there are no parts to, interfere with the free :access of the steam Lo any portions of the condensing surface. It'will beobserved that becauseof the diminishing diameters of the condensing shells from the bottom to the top, the amount of cooling surface and also the cross sectional area or size of, the condensing chambers decreases gradually as the amount of steam left to be condensed decreases with the upward flow of the steam toward the top of the condensing chambers. It will be observed, also, that the arrangement of the condenser is such that thegdirection of flowof the cooling water over the condensing shells is counter to that of'the flow of the steam within the shells. This counter flow of the cooling agent is of great importance in a condenserand my present invention lends itselfespecially well to such counter current cooling. Obviously, however, the flow of the cooling water might be reversed, if desired, the water then entering through the outlet 21 and being dischargedthrough the inlet 19. It should be noted, further, that the construction of the condenser as shown and above described provides for ready access to the interior of the various parts thereof, and removal and replacement of the condensing bodies or shells."

. It will be understood' that the invention. is not to be limited to the exact construction and arrangement of; parts in the particular form of condenser shown 1n the drawings and to which the foregoing description has been largely confined, but that it includes changes and modifications" thereofxwithin theclaims t i What is claimed is: 1

LA surface. condenser. ,having an up Wardly extending cooling surface divided transversely of the direction of flow of the liquid deposited thereon into a plurality of sections, each section being provided with means for clearing itof liquid deposited thereon independently of theother section or sections.

2. A surface condenser having an upwardly extending cooling surface a portion of which is separated from an adjacent lower portion by a part formed to prevent liquid deposited on the portion above from flowing over such lower portion. v

3. A surface condenser hav ng an up wardly extending coolingsurfaceseparating a condensing. space from a cooling liquid space,"saidsurface being idivided into a plurality ofj sections separated by projecting water-discharging edges formed to; discharge the liquiddepositedfon the section above the edge. and to. direct it away from the section or sectionsbelow. 1 1.

4;. A surfacecondenser having a cooling surface formed by a vertically arranged shell which separates a condensing space within it from a space for a cooling liquid outside the shell, said shell being :of de creasing cross sectional size from its inlet to its'outlet end and the inner, cooling surface of the shell being divided transversely of the direction of flow of: the liquid deposited thereon by means for discharging the liquid depositeduon the surface above such meansand directing it away fromi'the surfacebelow. i i

5. A surface condenser having a cooling discharging edges formed to discharge the 7 liquid :deposited on the surface of the section above theiedge and todirect it away from the surface of the section below.

6. surface condenser having a cooling surface formed by 'a" vertically arranged shell which separates a condensing; space within it: froma space for cooling liquid outside the shell, said shell comprising a plurality of cylindrical sections 'of' succes- ;sively smallerfdiameter from 'the'lower to the upperendof the shelhsaid sections be-' ing joined together and having water-discharging edges separating the inner, Y cooling surfaces of adj acentshell sections and formed to discharge the liquid deposited on thesurface .of the section above the edge and to "direct it awayfromthe surface of thesection below. I

.7. A surface condenser having a cooling surface formed by .a vertically arranged shell comprising a plurality of cylindrical sections, of successively smaller diameter frointhe lower to'the upper end of the shell .joined" together by inwardly. extending flanges, each section joined to one below havingits lower edge projectingbelow the connecting flange to form a water-discharging edge. I

8. A surface condenser comprising in combination a condensing shell which separates a condensing space within it from a space for a cooling agent outside the shell, i

said shell being of decreasing cross-sectional size from one end to the other, and the inner, cooling surface of said shell being divided transversely of the direction of flow ofthe liquid deposited thereon bymeans' for discharging-the liquid deposited on the surface above such means and directing it away from the surface "below, aninlet for admittingsteam to the larger end ofthe shell, an outlet from the small end of the shell," and means for subjecting the shell to the action of a cooling agent. n

9. A surface condenser comprising in combination a vertically arranged condensing shell of decreasing cross-sectional size from bottom to top, an'inlet for admitting steam to the bottom of its shell, an outlet from the top of. the shell, and means for supplying a 1 cooling liquid to flow downward over the outer surface of the shell. 4

10. VA surface condenser comprising in combination a vertically arranged condensing shell of decreasing cross-sectional size from bottom 'to top, thetinner cooling surface of the shell being divided'by one or more projecting water-discharging edges, an inlet foradmitting steam to the bottom of the shell, an outlet from the top of the shell, a jacket inclosingthe shell and spaced therefrom to providea space for the flow of a cooling agent between the-jacket and the shell.

11. A surface condenser comprising in combination a steam chamber to which the steam to be condensed is admitted, an outlet from said cha-mberofor the-water of condensation, a plurality of condensing chambers formed by vertically set .shells 'of decreasing cross-sectional size frombottom to top and openat the bottom to" the steam chamber and having :air outlets at the top and the inner, cooling surfaces; of which shells are divided horizontally intosections by projecting water-discharging edges, and

means for causing a coolingagent to flowv over the outer surface of saidishells.

.12. A surface condenser comprisingin combination a steamchamber to which .the steam to be condensed is admitted, .an outlet from said chamber for the water of condensation, a plurality of condensingvcha-mbers extending upward from said steam chamber formed by shells of decreasing. crosssectional size from bottom to top and having air outlets at the top, an upper water chamber having anlnlet for supplying water thereto, a lower water chamber hav- Gopies of this patent maybe obtained for five=cents2each,--by addressing the Commissioner Washington, D. C.

ing an 'outlet leading therefrom, and j ackets extending between and open to said water; chambers and inclosing said shells and spaced therefrom.

- 13. A surface condenser comprising in combination a steam chamber towhich the steamtdbe condensedis admitted, an outlet fromsai'd chamber for thewater ofcondensation, ajpl'urality of condensing chambersformed by vertically set shells ofdecreasing diameter from bottom to top and open at the'bottom to the steam chamber and the inner-cooling surfaces of which are provided with projecting ='water discharging edges, an air chamber into which the'upperrends of the condensing shells open, an upper 'water chamber having an inlet for supplyingwater thereto and through-which the upperen-ds of the condensing shells extend, atlowerlwa'ter chamber having an outletfleading therefrom and through which the lower. ends of the condensing'shells extend, and jackets extending between and open to-said water chambers andiinclosing said condensingshell and spaced therefrom.

14;. A: surface condenser comprising in combination a steam-chamber to which the steam to. be condensed is admitted, a plurality, of condensing chambers formed by independently removable shells of decreasing diameter from bottom to top open at the bottom to said steam chamber, and jack ets inclosing said shells and spaced itherefrom to provide a space for the flow of a cooling liquid, said shells being detachably secured to the wall of thesteam chamber 1 and independently removable.

"15. In. a surfacevcondensen a supply wateri'chamber, a discharge water chamber, a plnralityiof. ackets connecting S2LldCl1fl1Il-1 hers, a steamvchamber. adjacent one of said :water chambers, an .air chamber adjacent the .,other of said water chambers, and a 1 plurality of; 1 condensing chambers formed by shells i-nclosed byz'said'jackets andvex- "tending throughsaid water chambers from thesteam chamber to the air chamber.

Intestimony whereof lhave hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

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\ Vitnesses:

VD. W. HILDRETH SIMON WV; SNYDER.

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