US1108831A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

J. H. GORTHESY.

TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED APR.29, 1912. 1,108,831. Patented Aug.25,1914

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Witnesses.- fi'] PM 7 W M THE NORRIS P ETERS CO.. PHOTO-LITHQ, WASl HNG' IONID. C.

J. H. GORTHESY. TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 11.29, 1912.

Patented Aug. 25, 1914.

M7ZEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES, PATENT ()FFIGE.

JULES HIPPOLYTE CORTHEFESY, OF BARNSBURY, LONDON, ENGLAND.

TURBINE.

Turbines, of which the following is a speci fication.

This invention relates to turbines of the kind in which the motive fluid acts mainly by friction upon the surfaces of a helical or volute passage for the motive fluid in the rotor, the said passage increasing in areafrom the inlet to the exhaust and being driven by means of a stationary nozzle ornozzles which directs or direct the motive fluid into the rotor. In turbines of this class as heretofore constructed the motlve fluid in passing from the stationary nozzle or nozzles into contact with the rotor has had to pass more or less into contact with the atmosphere.

The main object of my invention is to pass the motive fluid from the stationary nozzle or nozzlesinto the rotor without coming into contact with the atmosphere and to this end my invention consists in providing upon the rotor, a plate or surface which is in close proximity to the surface provided with the nozzle or nozzles, and an intermediate chamber concentric with the axis of the rotor and into which the motive fluid is delivered from the nozzle or nozzles and from which it passes into the passages of the rotor.

In a suitable arrangement for carrying out the invention, the intermediate chamber is provided with guides or guide blades for directing the motive fluid into the rotor passage which comprises one or a series of annular chambers, the said. chambers, where a series is employed being arranged either side by side, or concentrically in the known man ner and increasing in sectional area in the direction of the flow of the motive fluid, communication between the chambers of both arrangements being made by means of openings which may be of less area than the passage in the chambers, and increasing correspondingly in area with the chambers. These openings may be arranged obliquely in the side by side arrangement of the chambers or tangentially in the concentric arrangement thereof, and they maybe provided with blades forming continuations of the said openings, to assist in directing the Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Au 25, 1914.

Application filed April 29, 1912. Serial No. 693,849.

motive fluid and blades may also be used within the passages. The exhaust opening efiect, and to direct the motive fluid so i that it will meet with a minimum of resistance from the atmosphere. Jacket-ing may be employed in the case of steam turbines to prevent condensation and in the case of internal combustion turbines to prevent the metal becoming overheated and to generate steam for motive and other purposes 'or for superheating or reheating steam. For reversing purposes a series of reversing valves controlling the openings between the said chambers may be employed.

To enable the invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional side view of a steam turbine constructed according to my invent on, wherein a series of annular chambers are arranged side by side for the passage of the motive fluid. Figs. 2 and 3 are respectively sections on the lines 2-2 and 3-3 Fig. 1. Figs. 4c, 5 and 6 are transverse sectional views illustrating modifications of the arrangement described in Figs. 1 to 8. Fig. 7 is a sectional side view illustrating a further modification. Fig. 8 is a sectional view illustrating a reversing valve, and Fig. 9 is a similar view to Fig. 8, showing the valve in another position. Fig. 10 is. a sectional side view of part of a steam turbine in which a series of concentric annular chambers are employed for the passage of the motive fluid, the latter passing through the said chambers from the outermost to theinnermost. Fig. 11 is a section on the line 11-11 Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a section on the line 12-12 Fig. 11. Figs. 13 and 14 are similar views to Figs. 10 and 11, the motive fluid, however, passing from the innermost to the outermost chamber. Figs. 15 and 16 are views similar to Figs. 1 and 3 but illustrating an internal combustion turbine.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3 a is the rotor carried upon the shaft a and 0 0 are the stationary nozzles or openings for directing the motive fluid into the rotor, and formed This chamber is shown provided with a serics of oblique guides or guide blades for directing the motive fluid into the rotor passage which comprises a series of annular chambers b, 0, (Z, 6 formed by a cylindrical casing (4 walls or partitions a and a central boss a the motive fluid being first directed into the chamber a and traversing the said chamber in the directionof the arrows 5 c 6Z1 are oblique openings which respectively connect the chambers Z) and c, 0 andd and (Z and e, the motive fluid after traversing around the chamber a passing through the opening 6 into and traversing around the chamber 0-, thence passing through the opening 0 and traversing around the chamber d and finally passing through the opening 6Z1 into and traversing around the chamber whence it exhausts through openings F. To assist in directing the motive fluid through the openings Z2 0 al guide plates 62 '0 and d are employed respec tively in connection with the said openings. It will be noticed that the opening f shown in Fig. 1 is inclined in a direction opposite to that of the direction of the motive fluid in chamber 6-, the object of this being to direct the motive fluid backward so as to reduce the resistance offered by the atmosphere to the discharge of the motive fluid to a minimum. I takes place into a chamber under a vacuum, the passage f may be arranged in the direction of flow of the motive fluid. f is a guide plate which may be used in connection with each opening to assist in directing the'di'schargc of the motive fluid through the said opening and to produce re-action effect. The chambers Z), 0 (Z, c and the openings b 0 (Z progressively increase in area toward theoutlet, so that the motive fluid will be used expansively. f is a casing surrounding the rotor to form a acket into which the motive fluid discharges, and f is an opening for the escape of the said fluid or for any condensed products. It will be noticed that the surfaces of the walls a are flat, but they may be formed undulating in the direction of the travel of the motive fluid to increase the frictional surface for the latter. As there will be a tendency of the motive fluid, when passing through the openings 6 0 (Z to be projected tangentially therefrom against the inner surface of the casing a of the rotor, and so be retarded, concentric flanges g, g are employed on the partitions a between the chambers, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3 and in full lines in Fig. 4. Instead of concentric flanges g, g as just described, an eccentric liange it may be employed as indicated in Fig. 5 or concentric rows of blades 71 as shown in Fig. 6 may be arranged in the path of the motive fluid. One or more such rows may be employed.

Fig. 7 illustrates a construction of the If; however, the dischargeas shown at 2', Figs. 8 and 9; these valves being of the double-flap form with a central pivot j. The opening in the wall a? is so constructed that when the flap i or the valve is seated against one end of the said opening apassage is provided be-' tween the other end thereof and the other flap t shown in Fig. 8, the motive fluid in its passage through the opening in the direction of the arrow tending to maintain the valve in this position. If, however, the direction of the motive fluid be altered so as to how in the direction indicated in Fig. 9, the tendency of the fluid will be, by pressing on the flap d to open the flap 2' By this construction it will be seen that the valves will operate automatically according to the direction of the floiv 'or" the motive fluid through the rotor; this direction of flow being determined by the direction of the nozzles 0.

Figs. 10 to 1% illustrate the arrangement wherein the chambers for the passage of the motive fluid are arranged concentrically. In Figs. 10 and lithe motive fluid enters the outer chamber 6 thro'ugh'the nozzles 0 in a fixed outer casing 0 and passes in the direction of the arrow througl'i the oblique openings Z2 into the chamber as of the rotor whence it passes in the direction of the arrows through the oblique openings 6 into the chamber 03 and then through the oblique opening al into the chamber '6; it then exhausts through the opening which may have a guide plate f similar to that hereinbetore described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3. An annular space 7' or a circular series of openings, is formed in the casing 0 through which the exhaust coming from the opening f flows. in the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 13 and la in which a series of concentric chambers for the passage of the motive fluid is em ployed, in the arrangement described witlrreferenc'e to Figs. 10 and 11, the m0- tive fluid passes in the contrary direction to that described with reference to said latter figures, that is to say, it enters through a series of oblique openings '6 adjacent to one or more oblique nozzles 0 and it passes outwardly through the chambers 0, cl, 6 respectively and finally exhausts through the opening 7, the said opening also being provided, if required, with a guide plate f similar to that previously described.

Figs. 15 and 16 illustrate a construction of turbine similar to that described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 except that it is adapted for use as an internal combustion turbine, for which purpose the walls are.

formed hollow as indicated at 70, for the reception of water or steam, to prevent over-heating and consequent deterioration, and where water is used, to generate steam for motive and other purposes or for superheating or reheating thesteam. These hollow walls communicate with passages Z and m on the shaft a for the flow and return of the water or steam.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1. A turbine comprising a closed cylindrical chamber which constitutes a rotor, a plurality of inclined passages provided in one end of the said chamber and adapted to direct the motive fluid introduced through the said passages directly against the inner surfaces of the said cylinder to cause the same to rotate in the same. direction as that in which the jets of motive fluid are flowing, and means for allowing the escape of the motive fluid so as to prevent the accumulation of pressure in the chamber which would retard the velocity.

2. A. turbme comprislng a closed cylindrical chamber which constitutes the rotor and which is provided with a plain inner surface, a plurality of inclined passages provided in one end of the said chamber and adapted to direct the motive fluid introduced through the said passages against the inner surface of the said cylinder to cause the same to rotate, means for allowing the escape of the motive fluid, and means for introducing the motive fluid directly into the inclined passages of the rotor without passing through the atmosphere.

A turbine comprising a closed cylindrical casing which constitutes the rotor, a plurality of inclined passages provided in one end of said casing and adapted to direct the motive fluid introduced through said passages directly against'the inner surfaces of the said cylinder to cause the same to rotate in the same direction as that in which the motive fluid is flowing, a plurality of chambers provided in said rotor, said chambers being in communication with one another through oblique passages and being progressively increased in area toward the rotor exhaust, and means for allowing the escape of the motive fluid.

5. A turbine comprising a closed cylindrical casing which constitutes the rotor, a plurality of partitions dividing the casing into a plurality of cylindrical chambers, a plurality of inclined passages provided in one end of said casing and in said partitions adapted to direct the motive fluid introduced through the said passages directly against the inner surfaces of the said cylindrical chambers to cause the same to rotate in the same direction as that in which the motive fluid is flowing, and means for allowing the escape of the motive fluid from the rotor.

6. A turbine comprising a rotor provided with a plurality of chambers in communication with one another through oblique passages, the chambers and passages being progressively increased in area from the inlet toward the outlet, the oblique passage from the exhaust chamber being oppositely disposed from that of the other passages, and means for feeding the motive fluid directly into the inlet of said rotor.

7. A turbine comprising a rotor provided with a plurality of chambers in communication with one another through passages, the chambers and passages being progressively increased in area toward the outlet, said passages being provided with rocking valves for reversing the rotor, and means for feeding the motive fluid directly into said rotor.

8. A turbine'comprising a rotor provided with a plurality of chambers in communication with one another, the walls of said rotor being hollow for the reception of a cooling agent, and means for feeding the motive'fluid into said rotor.

9. A. turbine comprising one or more motive fluid nozzles, a rotor having one of its faces in close proximity to said nozzles, openings provided in said face, a plurality of chambers in communication with one another in said rotor, said chambers being progressively increased in area from said face toward the outlet, and an exhaust for the escape of said motive fluid. p

10. A turbine comprising a closed cylindrical casing which constitutes the rotor, a plurality of partitions provided in said casing and dividing the same into cylindrical chambers, a plurality of inclined passages provlded in one end of sa1d casing and in said partitions "adapted to direct the motive the partitions to facilitate the direction of fiuld introduced through sald passages d'lthe motlve flmd, and means for allowing the re'ctly z'tgamst the inner surfaces of said eyescape of the motlve fiuld from the rotor.

liiich-ic'al chan'l'be'rs to cause the same to 1"0- JULES HIPPOLY'I'E CORTHESY. 5 tat'e in the same direction as that in which Vfitnesses:

the motive fluid is flowing, guide plates pro- JOHN E. BoUsFIELD,

vided 0n the entrance side of the passages of i A. ALBUTT.

duties" of this patent may be bbtein'cl for five cents each, :byaaaiessm the obmmisgioneiof Q'Pathts,

Washington, 'D. '0.

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