US11076105B2 - Masking camera flash using reflectance - Google Patents

Masking camera flash using reflectance Download PDF

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Publication number
US11076105B2
US11076105B2 US16/319,290 US201716319290A US11076105B2 US 11076105 B2 US11076105 B2 US 11076105B2 US 201716319290 A US201716319290 A US 201716319290A US 11076105 B2 US11076105 B2 US 11076105B2
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Prior art keywords
flash
drawer
masking
illumination
tray
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US20190230272A1 (en
Inventor
Benjamin S. Pollack
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Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc
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Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc
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    • H04N5/2354—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N23/74—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the scene brightness using illuminating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/04—Details of the conveyor system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N5/232—
    • H04N5/235—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00178—Special arrangements of analysers
    • G01N2035/00306—Housings, cabinets, control panels (details)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/04—Details of the conveyor system
    • G01N2035/0496—Other details
    • G01N2035/0498—Drawers used as storage or dispensing means for vessels or cuvettes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a camera system for a drawer vision system (DVS).
  • DVD drawer vision system
  • PCM process control managers
  • PCM(s) in clinical testing environments may involve a drawer or tray system.
  • the drawer system is typically operated by a human (e.g., an operator) that loads trays or groups of testing objects into the drawer system.
  • a human e.g., an operator
  • an internal integrated camera may take a picture of the experimental components to be used as a reference point.
  • a flash is typically used to capture the image.
  • repeated exposure to a bright flash, or sequence of flashes can have a negative effect on an operator. For example, a migraine or seizure may result from repeated exposure to bright sequences of light.
  • Embodiments are directed to masking a flash associated with an image capture device.
  • an embodiment provides a method for masking the effects of a flash on an operator comprising: receiving, at a drawer system, a tray comprising one or more laboratory containers; centering the tray underneath an image capture device; activating, based on said centering, a flash device to illuminate the one or more laboratory containers; and capturing, using the image capture device, an illuminated image of the one or more laboratory containers.
  • a further embodiment provides an information handling device for masking the effects of a flash on an operator comprising: a processor; a memory device that stores instructions executable by the processor to: receive, at a drawer system, a tray comprising one or more laboratory containers; center, using the drawer system, the tray underneath an image capture device; activate, based on said centering, a flash device to illuminate the one or more laboratory containers; and capture, using the image capture device, an illuminated image of the one or more laboratory containers.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment provides a system for masking the effects of a flash on an operator comprising: a drawer system configured to receive a tray comprising one or more laboratory containers, wherein upon receiving the tray, the drawer system centers the tray underneath an image capture device; a flash device configured to activate, based on said centering, to illuminate the one or more laboratory containers; and an image capture device configured to capture an illuminated image of the one or more laboratory containers.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a top view of plurality of sample test tubes in a PCM drawer.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative drawer system.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a graphical illustration of a sample group test subject operators.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a graphical illustration of the comfortable drawer operation speed across various users.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a graphical illustration of the fastest drawer operation speed across various users.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a graphical illustration of the number of occurrences and the maximum drawer velocity.
  • FIG. 7 depicts an illustrative computer system.
  • Embodiments herein are directed to systems and methods for masking a camera flash using changes in a target's object reflectance and/or timing adjustments.
  • the updated flash operation not only reduces the negative effects but enhances some aspects of the operator experience as discussed herein.
  • Embodiments discussed herein relate generally to a drawer vision system (DVS) for a process control manager (PCM) used in clinical testing.
  • the PCM DVS may be a modular subsystem, with a fully independent set of electronics for each drawer. It may also use an image sensor or image capture device with a global shutter and short exposure time (e.g., 100 ⁇ s, 105 ⁇ s, 110 ⁇ s, 115 ⁇ s, etc.), to capture images, such as that represented in FIG. 1 .
  • a tray 101 holding at least one test tube 102 and more likely multiple test tubes 102 , is shown.
  • the tray 101 or trays are housed in a drawer.
  • an operator can introduce or remove test tubes as needed.
  • the operator quickly closes the drawer (e.g. at speeds below 1.0 m/s). This activity initiates one or more image capture cycles.
  • an embodiment may require the use of an extremely bright flash (e.g., 200 times brighter than typical ambient laboratory light conditions).
  • the DVS must activate the flash repeatedly over a short period of time to facilitate image capture. This repeated flashing allows for the system to properly capture an image of the entire drawer.
  • the flash cannot be triggered at a fixed high frequency, which would mask the flash due to the human eye's flicker fusion response (60 Hz light looks continuous), without using very expensive high-frame-rate cameras and computationally intensive video processing techniques.
  • triggering the flash at an extremely high rate of speed could overcome this difficulty. Additionally, it has the potential to mask the flash due to the human eye's flicker fusion response (i.e., 60 Hz light looks continuous). However, it would require the use of very expensive high-frame-rate camera (i.e., image capture device) and computationally intensive video processing techniques in order to detect the flashes of light at very high speeds (e.g., 45-80 Hz).
  • very expensive high-frame-rate camera i.e., image capture device
  • computationally intensive video processing techniques in order to detect the flashes of light at very high speeds (e.g., 45-80 Hz).
  • the average operator drawer closure speed may be between about 0.25 m/s and about 0.35 m/s (e.g., 0.31 m/s as determined by the study discussed herein), which would result in a flash frequency of between about 10 Hz and about 20 Hz (e.g., 13 Hz as determined by the study discussed herein). It is important to note that this is a frequency range wherein human beings are the most sensitive to light flicker. In fact, noticeable flickering at this frequency may cause migraine headaches and even trigger epileptic seizures. In other fields, a constant high-intensity light could be used to bridge the multiple exposure periods, thus eliminating the need to create distinct flash pulses.
  • imaging test tubes that contain blood with photosensitive elements may be troublesome. Exposing photosensitive blood samples to excess light can alter or damage the clinical results. Accordingly, as discussed herein, some embodiments provide a technique to create a new flash mitigation approach for light sensitive applications using a flash masking system.
  • photosensitive elements e.g., bilirubin
  • a combination of techniques may be used to illuminate the target for image capture. For example, an embodiment may minimize light exposure to the retinal area (i.e., the part that perceives the flashing light). This may be done, as shown in FIG. 2 , by shielding particular lines of sight from the operator's line of sight using covers.
  • a plurality of test tubes 202 as discussed herein may be placed in a drawer system 201 .
  • the drawer system is movably fixed to the imaging system 203 which has a recess 204 into which the tray 201 of test tubes 202 may be inserted.
  • mitigating the flash of the imaging system 203 may be performed using various techniques.
  • an embodiment my utilized a tinted or reflective viewing window 205 .
  • an embodiment may utilize one or more reflective surfaces (e.g., mirrors), tinted, opaque, etc. to shield the operator while also still allowing them an observational ability.
  • another embodiment may utilize covers to limit the visible area where light is being reflected.
  • a further embodiment may attempt to minimize the absolute brightness of the flashing light.
  • all visible surfaces which could reflect the flash light may be covered or painted with a non-reflective matte style finish (e.g., black matte).
  • the flash illumination source may produce a low-intensity background light whenever a drawer on the DVS system is being closed.
  • background illumination may generally be limited to approximately 2.5% of the intensity of the flash pulse.
  • the backlight exposes the blood to a much larger amount of light energy (e.g., between about 15 and about 20 times as much light energy) even with the 2.5% intensity limit.
  • a further innovation may be used wherein the flashes are synchronized to specific events that the operator expects to cause optical disturbances.
  • one or more sample handler trays may be designed to align the center of each row of test tubes with the center of a drawer row.
  • a drawer encoder system may be used to only trigger the cameras and/or flash when a new drawer row is initially centered under the cameras.
  • the operator expects a light to reflect off of each row of test tubes differently and expects the light to appear brighter when the test tubes/slot springs are centered under the light versus when the matte black tray is centered under the light. This allows the operator to perceive the already heavily mitigated flashes as variations in reflectance of a constant light source off of a moving tray with varied objects/surfaces.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 a graphical representation of the drawer velocity during the comfortable speed and fastest speed is shown respectively.
  • the data used to create the graph of FIG. 4 relates to the test during which the operators opened and closed the drawer at a comfortable speed.
  • the average maximum drawer speed was 0.45 m/s and the overall average speed was 0.31 m/s.
  • these measured speeds are well below the maximum speed threshold of the system (i.e., 1.0 m/s).
  • the data used to create the graph of FIG. 5 relates to the test during which the operators opened and closed the drawer at the fastest speed appropriate for a laboratory setting. As shown in FIG. 5 , the average maximum drawer speed was 0.73 m/s and the overall average speed was 0.53 m/s. Moreover, as shown by the speed limit delineator in FIG. 5 , these measured speeds are still below the maximum speed threshold of the system (i.e., 1.0 m/s).
  • FIG. 6 graphically illustrates the number of occurrences of drawer activations based on the maximum velocity of the travel of the drawer. As is shown, the bulk of the drawer operations happen around 200 mm/s. This further adds support for FIGS. 4 and 5 in that the speed threshold of the system is sufficient.
  • an embodiment may use intrinsic aspects of human perception to mitigate the problem without adding any cost and/or without damaging the analyte being imaged. Accordingly, an embodiment provides significant and distinct advantages in the field of IVD, where the test tube characteristics are determined by the customer and the samples being imaged are photosensitive.
  • An embodiment therefore presents technical advantages over the current state of the art in that it allows the flash frequency to vary with the rate of change of the target being imaged. This minimizes the computational effort required to analyze the target and can be used in applications where the natural rate of change is below the flicker fusion rate. Additionally, an embodiment may use significantly lower intensity background/masking light, which reduces cost, increases reliability, and minimizes damage to the analytes in the blood samples. A further embodiment may also allow the operator to see the test tubes being imaged. The DVS operates in an area of the system where the operator requires easy manual and visual access. Thus, it would be impractical to enclose the region for imaging.
  • the system may receive a tray comprising one or more laboratory containers (e.g., a tray of test tubes placed in the drawer system). The system then centers the tray under the image capture device (e.g., using a drawer encoder system). Once the tray is centered, an embodiment may activate a flash device to illuminate the one or more laboratory containers in order to allow for image capture by an image capture device.
  • a tray comprising one or more laboratory containers (e.g., a tray of test tubes placed in the drawer system).
  • the system centers the tray under the image capture device (e.g., using a drawer encoder system). Once the tray is centered, an embodiment may activate a flash device to illuminate the one or more laboratory containers in order to allow for image capture by an image capture device.
  • the system may utilize a shielding system (e.g., a cover) to shield the user(s) from some of the illumination created by the flash device.
  • a shielding system e.g., a cover
  • Additional embodiments may also include a reflective surface that reflects some of the illumination of the flash that otherwise would be directed toward the user.
  • An embodiment may also utilize some form of non-reflective coating (e.g., dark matte finish paint) to reduce the potential illumination of the drawer. Some embodiments may use one or more of these techniques.
  • the environment as a whole may be modified to minimize the effect of the high frequency flashing.
  • an automation system may adjust the light level of the local environment during a period where the flash may be regularly illuminated, thus reducing the apparent effect of the bright light.
  • a further embodiment may activate a background light source within the drawer system to further reduce the flash device's perceived intensity.
  • These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operations steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical functions.
  • the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example data processing system 700 in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments are implemented.
  • Data processing system 700 is an example of an information handling device, such as a computer, a server or client, in which computer usable code or instructions implementing the process for illustrative embodiments of the present invention are located.
  • FIG. 7 may represent a server computing device.
  • data processing system 700 can employ a hub architecture including a north bridge and memory controller hub (NB/MCH) 701 and south bridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (SB/ICH) 702 .
  • NB/MCH north bridge and memory controller hub
  • I/O controller hub SB/ICH
  • Processing unit 703 , main memory 704 , and graphics processor 705 can be connected to the NB/MCH 701 .
  • Graphics processor 705 can be connected to the NB/MCH 701 through, for example, an accelerated graphics port (AGP).
  • AGP accelerated graphics port
  • a network adapter 706 connects to the SB/ICH 702 .
  • An audio adapter 707 , keyboard and mouse adapter 708 , modem 709 , read only memory (ROM) 710 , hard disk drive (HDD) 711 , optical drive (e.g., CD or DVD) 712 , universal serial bus (USB) ports and other communication ports 713 , and PCI/PCIe devices 714 may connect to the SB/ICH 702 through bus system 716 .
  • PCI/PCIe devices 714 may include Ethernet adapters, add-in cards, and PC cards for notebook computers.
  • ROM 710 may be, for example, a flash basic input/output system (BIOS).
  • the HDD 711 and optical drive 712 can use an integrated drive electronics (IDE) or serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) interface.
  • a super I/O (SIO) device 715 can be connected to the SB/ICH 702 .
  • An operating system can run on processing unit 703 .
  • the operating system can coordinate and provide control of various components within the data processing system 700 .
  • the operating system can be a commercially available operating system.
  • An object-oriented programming system such as the JavaTM programming system, may run in conjunction with the operating system and provide calls to the operating system from the object-oriented programs or applications executing on the data processing system 700 .
  • the data processing system 700 can be an IBM® eServerTM System p® running the Advanced Interactive Executive operating system or the Linux operating system.
  • the data processing system 700 can be a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system that can include a plurality of processors in the processing unit 703 . Alternatively, a single processor system may be employed.
  • SMP symmetric multiprocessor
  • Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programming system, and applications or programs are located on storage devices, such as the HDD 711 , and are loaded into the main memory 704 for execution by the processing unit 703 .
  • the processes for embodiments described herein can be performed by the processing unit 703 using computer usable program code, which can be located in a memory such as, for example, main memory 704 , ROM 710 , or in one or more peripheral devices.
  • a bus system 716 can be comprised of one or more busses.
  • the bus system 716 can be implemented using any type of communication fabric or architecture that can provide for a transfer of data between different components or devices attached to the fabric or architecture.
  • a communication unit such as the modem 709 or the network adapter 706 can include one or more devices that can be used to transmit and receive data.
  • data processing system 700 can take the form of any of a number of different data processing systems, including but not limited to, client computing devices, server computing devices, tablet computers, laptop computers, telephone or other communication devices, personal digital assistants, and the like. Essentially, data processing system 700 can be any known or later developed data processing system without architectural limitation.
  • processor may refer to a micro controller unit (MCU) or system on chip design that can execute code stored in memory.
  • MCU micro controller unit

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US201662365295P 2016-07-21 2016-07-21
US16/319,290 US11076105B2 (en) 2016-07-21 2017-07-19 Masking camera flash using reflectance
PCT/US2017/042934 WO2018017764A1 (fr) 2016-07-21 2017-07-19 Masquage de flash d'appareil photo au moyen de la réflectance

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CN109479094B (zh) 2021-04-20
EP3488231A4 (fr) 2019-08-21
JP2019532256A (ja) 2019-11-07
EP3488231B1 (fr) 2023-05-24
WO2018017764A1 (fr) 2018-01-25
US20190230272A1 (en) 2019-07-25
JP6749466B2 (ja) 2020-09-02
EP3882612A1 (fr) 2021-09-22
EP3488231A1 (fr) 2019-05-29
CN109479094A (zh) 2019-03-15

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