US1106144A - Carbon tetrachlorid package. - Google Patents

Description

W. L. HARRISON. CARBON TETRACHLORID PACKAGE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18,1913.

Patented Aug. 4, 1914,

WITNESSES.- fan/a "1% 26655 64 & fan 12a BY 6% ATTORNEY UNITED STATES .PATENT QFFIGE,

WILLIAM L. HARRISON, F BRANFORD, CONNECTICUT.

CARBON-TETBACHLORID PACKAGE.

1,106,144., Specification. of Letters Patent.

T ll h it may concern,- such packings, has been found to be objec- Be it known that I, WILLIAM L. HAR- tionable on account of a disintegrating or RISON, a citizen of the United States, and a corroding action which is observed after resident of Branford, in the county of New some time, both in the packing itself and in Haven and State of Connecticut, have inthe metal of which the receptacle is made. vented certain new and useful Improve- As stated above, this detrimental action is ments in Carbon-Tetrachlorid Packages, of probablydue chiefly to the formation of which the following is a specification. hydrochloric acid from carbon tetrachlorid Carbon tetrachlorid is a liquid used extenand the moisture present; such moisture is sively for various purposes, particularly for found sometimes as an impurity admixed t cleaning andas a fire-extinguishing subcarbon tetrachlorid, sometimes in th lustance. Considerable difficulty has been exbricant (oil), in the packing material perienced hitherto in connection with recep- (leather), in the ambient air, and particutacles (such as fire-extinguishers) containlarly in the compressed air which is em- 7() ing carbon tetrachlorid. It was found freployed for operating the follower which exquently, and indeed, almost invariably, that pels the carbon tetrachlorid, or for expelafter standing for a few months, the metal ling such carbon tetrachlorid without the of the receptacle, and the leather packing use of a follower. It is quite possible that generally used in apparatus of this characsome of the detrimental effects observed ter, showed evidences of corrosion or other hitherto when other agents were employed deterioration to a serious extent, suflieient instead of glycerin, were due to the absorpto impair if not to defeat entirely, the eflition of such lubricating agents by the carcient operation of the apparatus. From inbon tetrachlorid, whereby the packing bevestigations made at my instigation, it apcame dry, or to the corroding action which go pears that the difliculties experienced in the the oil or grease, or substances formed past were due largely, and perhaps exclutherefrom by the action of the air, exerted sively, to the presence of moisture, the caron the brass or copper of which the receptabon tetrachlorid combining with this moiscle is generally made. The use of glycerin ture (Water) and thus forming hydro- (and particularly chemically pure glycerin, 35 chloric acid, the corrosive properties of free from acid) overcomes all these defects, which would readily account for the desince glycerin is not only hygroscopic, but structive results observed in practice. Acinert as regards air and the material'(copcording to my present invention, I have sucper or brass) of the receptacles and also ceeded in overcoming the drawbacks prewith respect to carbon tetrachlorid, has no vailing heretofore, by providing a hygroinjurious action on leather or other packing scopic agent, viz.: glycerin, in places where material, but acts as an eflicient lubricant at moisture might otherwise have access to the all ordinary temperatures. carbon tetrachlorid, such glycerin absorbing My present invention is applicable to apany moisture present and thus preventing paratus of various kinds, it being underthe formation of any hydrochloric acid stood that the structural features of the apwhich might result from the action of carparatus form no part of my present invenbon tetrachlorid on such moisture. In cases tion, which consists exclusively in using where the apparatus embodies packings and glycerin or equivalent agents in the relamovable parts, the use of glycerin is valution set forth. Thus the. invention may be we able for two additional reasons, viz.: First, applied to apparatus of the construction glycerin thoroughly fills the pores of the shown in Letters Patent of the United leather or other material employed for States No. 1,067,811 issued to me on July packing purposes, and thus seals the joint 22nd 1913, by applying glycerin to the tightly. Second, the viscous character of washers of the follower F and also if de- .105 glycerin gives it excellent lubricating propsired to the washer interposed between the erties, and this is of especial advantage cock E and the outlet D. Or my present when the carbon tetrachlorid is expelled invention may be applied to the apparatus from the receptacle by means of a pistonshown in Letters Patent of the United like member or follower provided with suit- States No. 1,027,133, granted to Ernest M. able washers or packings. The oil or like Lawrence on May 21st 1912, by simply material used heretofore for lubricating using glycerin instead of the oil or grease from striking the lower end with which Lawrence intended to impregnate the packings or washers of the piston or follower which separates the air-chamber of his apparatus from the compartment containing the fire-extinguishing compound (carbon tetrachlorid). Of course, the leather or other packing material should be in a proper condition (clean, and with open pores) to receive the glycerin.

I desire it to be distinctly understood that in referring to the particu ar apparatus disclosed in the two patents mentioned above, I simply intended to give examples of constructions to which my invention may be applied, without any intention to restrict myself to apparatus of this particular type or construction.

To show an example of an apparatus to which my invention may be applied, I have reproduced in the accompanying drawings,

Figures 1 and 2 of the Lawrence patent mentioned above, Fig. 1 being a vertical section of the apparatus, and Flg. 2 a horizontal section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Briefly described, this apparatus comprises a caslng 1 with a lower head 2 screwthreaded to receive the outlet nozzle 3 provided with a collar 4 to press a washer 5 against the head 2. The cock or nozzle 3 channel 6 controlled by a rotary plug or valve 7. The upper head 8 has an externally screw-threaded boss 9 provided with a longitudinal channel 10 leading from the surrounding air to the inside of a pump cylinder 11, said boss being perforated centrally to guide the stem 12 of the piston 14. The piston head 15 is recessed in its lower face to receive a washer 16, while an inverted cupped packing member 17 is secured to the upper face of the piston head. The lower end 11 of the cylinder 11 has a hollow cylindrical extension 18 projecting up into the cylinder (to engage the washer 16 at certain times) and also projecting downwardly from said cylinder. This lower portion of the extension 18 has ports 19 encircled by a tubular member 20 made of rubber or other yielding material. The stem 12 has 'a handle 22 recessed and threaded at 23 to receive the boss 9. At 24 there is indicated an escape port and filling port, normally closed by a screw-plug 25. A floating member or piston (follower) 28, with cup-shaped packing members 29, 30, held by rings 31, 32, divides the casing 1 into a compressed-air chamber 26 and a storage chamber 27 for the fire-extinguishing fluid. A guard 33 may be connected with the follower 28 to keep it of the cylinder 11.

Instead of treating the piston packing with glycerin before placing the packing in the apparatus, the glycerin may be applied to the inner wall of the container, and the piston packing will take up a suflicient has a discharge amount of glycerin as the follower in the container or receptacle.

The lubricating properties of glycerin are of course highly valuable when this substance is used in conjunction with a movable part, as just set forth. Glycerin however also has the advantage of thoroughly filling the pores of the packing and thus securing a tight joint. This property, obviously, will be equally valuable in the case of a movable packing, just referredto above, and in that of a stationary packing employed, say, to secure a tight joint between two normally fixed parts of the container. Thus, if the washer 5 of the Lawrence patent mentioned above, is made of leather it will be advantageous to .treat this washer with glycerin so as to insure a tight joint at this place. Similarly, as suggested above, glycerin might be used to impregnate the washer shown in m aforesaid patent between the cock E and t e outlet D.

So far as glycerin is relied upon to absorb any moisture present within the apparatus and to thus prevent such moisture from combining with carbon tetrachlorid and forming the corrosive hydrochloric acid, the hygroscopic quality of glycerin obviously will be equally valuable whether the glycerin be applied to a packing, or in some other manner placed within the container so as to absorb moisture and prevent the formation of hydrochloric acid. This is of particular importance in apparatus having no piston or follower of the character shown in the aforesaid two patents. -"If we assume that the piston or follower shown in said two patents (together with the parts secured to such follower) is omitted, the resulting apparatus will still be operative under most conditions, the compressed air and the charge of carbon tetrachlorid being no longer separated by a follower, but contained in a single chamber of the container; Even with a one-chamber apparatus of this character, it will be advisable, according to my invention, to rovide a certain amount of glycerin within t e apparatus, either by applying such glycerin to the inner wall of the container, preferably at the upper portion thereof (that is, in the air-space), or, and this is probably the better way, by spreading a film of glycerin on top of the carbon tetrachlerid surface, so that a thin layer of glycerin will intervene between the com pressed air and the carbon tetrachlorid. Glycerin being lighter than carbon tetrachlo-rid, will always float on top of the carbon tetrachlorid. It will thus be seen that whether the apparatus be constructed as a one-cl1amber container or as a two-chamber container, the compressed air at one end of the apparatus will not be in direct contact with the carbon tetrachlorid at the other end of the container, but a barrier of glycmoves evaporate to any appreciable extent.

the carbon tetrachlorid is not absolutely esbon tetrachlorid and thus forming hydroas has been the practice hitherto, a corroding formationof compounds such asstearic or erin will be interposed between such air and such carbon tetrachlorid.

\Vhile the arrangement of the glycerin to form an actual barrier between the air and sential to the success of my invention, I believe that this is the arrangement which will secure the best results. The use of pure glycerin is advisable for the reason that ordinary commercial glycerin often contains acids in sufficient quantity to exert a corroding action on copper or brass.

When the glycerin is applied to leather'or other absorbent packing material, such packings may be simply coated, or thoroughly impregnated with glycerin. Glycerin is readily absorbed by leather and the like, retains its proper viscosity at all ordi; nary temperatures, and is absolutely unaffected by carbon tetrachlorid. Glycerin will not, when in contact with air or with carbon tetrachlorid, form products which injuriously affect the copper or brass of which the container is-ordinarily made, even if the apparatus should stand unused for a considerable length of time. Glycerin Will not Its hygroscopic properties are extremely valu-' able in the present case, inasmuch as they will prevent the moisture present (either in the air, or in the leather or other packing material, or as an impurity admixed to carbon te-trachlorid), from combining with carchloric acid, the detrimental action of which has been referred to hercinabove. When the washers are impregnated with oil or grease,

action is observed on the metal of 'the container, and the packing material employed for the washers becomes dry and rotten, of ten falling to pieces. particularly if the apparatus is not'used for a considerable length of time, as is the case with a fire-extinguisher. These detrimental effects are due chiefly, as I have stated above, to the formation of hydrochloric acid, but there may also occur a chemical change (oxidation) in the oil or grease used hitherto for the packing, under the influence of the air, leading to the chic acid which have a corroding action on the metal of which the container is made. Possibly also, when the packing was treated with oil or grease, the carbon tetrachlorid did dissolve or absorbsuch oil or grease from the packing, causing the latter to become dry, so that it would fail to preserve a tight yet easy fit on the walls of the contamer. Whatever may have been the reason or reasons for the objectionable results observed when oil or grease was employed, the use of glycerin according to my invenlion avoids these drawbacks.

Itwill be understood that the use of lycerin will present the advantages set orth above, whether the liquid contained in the receptacle be commercial carbon tetrachlorid, or a mixture containing carbon,

tetrachlorid; similar advantages will also result from the employment of glycerin when other chlorin compounds are stored instead of carbon tetrachlorid, for instance tetrachlorethan'e. I therefore desire it to be understood that the appended claims cover such substances as equivalents of carbon tetrachlorid. v

I claim as myinvcntion: I

1. A carbon tetrachlorid package comprising a container, a charge of carbon tetrachlorid therein, another charge of compressed airinsaid container, and glycerin, to prevent the formation of hydrochloric acid and other detrimental effects.

2. A carbon tetrachlorid package comprising a container, a charge of carbon tetrachlorid therein, another charge of compressed gaseous medium in said container, and a glycerin-holding packing at a portion of the container adapted to be reached by the carbon tetrachlorid.

3. A carbon tetrachlorid ackage comprising a container, a charge of carbon tetrachlorid-therein, and'glycerin to prevent detrimental efl'ects.

4. A carbon tetrachlorid package comprising a container, a charge of air in said container, another charge of carbon tetrachlorid in the container, and a glycerin barrier between said air and said carbon tetraehlorid.

5. A carbon tetrachlorid ackage comprising a container, 0. charge 0 carbon tetrachlorid therein, another charge of compressed gaseous medium in said container, a follower movablein the container and separating the carbon tetrachlorid from the compressed gaseous medium, and packing, holding glycerin, applied to said follower.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM L. HARRISON.

Witnesses LILIJAN N. POSNER, Eorrii M. NicuonsoN.

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