US10908359B2 - Adjustable wide-spectrum wavelength-insensitive directional coupler - Google Patents

Adjustable wide-spectrum wavelength-insensitive directional coupler Download PDF

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US10908359B2
US10908359B2 US16/629,920 US201816629920A US10908359B2 US 10908359 B2 US10908359 B2 US 10908359B2 US 201816629920 A US201816629920 A US 201816629920A US 10908359 B2 US10908359 B2 US 10908359B2
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waveguide
arc
directional coupling
shaped
shaped waveguide
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US20200142130A1 (en
Inventor
Liangliang Wang
Jiashun Zhang
Junming An
Xiaojie Yin
Jianguang Li
Hongjie Wang
Yuanda Wu
Yue Wang
Xiongwei Hu
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HENAN SHIJIA PHOTONS TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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HENAN SHIJIA PHOTONS TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
    • G02B6/2826—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals using mechanical machining means for shaping of the couplers, e.g. grinding or polishing
    • G02B6/283—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals using mechanical machining means for shaping of the couplers, e.g. grinding or polishing couplers being tunable or adjustable
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on thermo-optic effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
    • G02B6/3826—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres characterised by form or shape
    • G02B6/3827—Wrap-back connectors, i.e. containing a fibre having an U shape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of fiber-to-the-home passive optical network, and more particularly to an adjustable wide-spectrum wavelength-insensitive coupler for fiber-to-the-home user allocation.
  • broadband networks are developing in the direction of ultra-bandwidth, intelligence and multi-service, which greatly stimulates the increase of bandwidth capacity of transmission networks and promotes fiber-to-the-home development.
  • a large number of splitters are needed for optical path allocation, and in some special scenarios, a dimmable splitter is needed to achieve dynamic and flexible optical path allocation.
  • the existing dimmable splitter generally adopts the form of electro-optical, acousto-optic or multi-mode interference structure, and the use of electro-optical and acousto-optic technology is complicated and is not conducive to large-scale production.
  • a tunable optical splitter with a multimode interference structure requires multiple stages of branching or coupling structures.
  • the size is large, the modulation depth is not enough, and it can only work at a specific wavelength. Thus it is unable to meet the needs of broad spectrum of optical communication networks.
  • the present invention provides an adjustable wide-spectrum wavelength-insensitive coupler which is compact is size and is insensitive to wavelength in view of the shortcomings of wavelength sensitivity of existing tunable couplers.
  • An adjustable wide-spectrum wavelength-insensitive directional coupler which comprises a substrate; a first-stage directional coupling structure, a phase-shifting structure, and a second-stage directional coupling structure sequentially disposed on the substrate; wherein the phase-shifting structure comprises a phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide, a phase shifting straight waveguide and a third modulating component, wherein the third modulating component is disposed on the phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide; the phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has one end connected to an output terminal of a directional coupling waveguide I of the first-stage directional coupling structure, the phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has another end connected to an input terminal of a directional coupling waveguide III of the second-stage directional coupling structure, the phase shifting straight waveguide has one end connected to an output terminal of a directional coupling waveguide II of the first-stage directional coupling structure, the phase shifting straight waveguide has another end connected to an input terminal of a directional coupling waveguide IV of the second-stage
  • the substrate is silicon dioxide, silicon, SOI, indium phosphide or a semiconductor polymer.
  • the first-stage directional coupling structure, the phase-shifting structure, and the second-stage directional coupling structure are each made of an optical waveguide material.
  • the optical waveguide material is silicon dioxide, silicon, indium gallium arsenide, a polymer or other semiconductor material.
  • the phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide comprises a first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide, a second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide, a third phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide, and a fourth phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide
  • the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has one end connected to the output terminal of the directional coupling waveguide I
  • the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has another end connected to one end of the second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide
  • the second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has another end connected to one end of the third phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide
  • the third phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has another end connected to one end of the fourth phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide
  • the fourth phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has another end connected to the input terminal of the directional coupling waveguide III
  • an arc formed by connecting the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide and the second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide is symmetrical to an arc formed by connecting the third phase shifting arc-shaped
  • the third modulation component is an electrical modulation component with a U-shaped structure or a thermal modulation component with a U-shaped structure.
  • the first-stage directional coupling structure comprises a first input waveguide component and a second input waveguide component which are parallel to each other, the first input waveguide component comprises an input waveguide I, an arc-shaped waveguide I, an arc-shaped waveguide II, a directional coupling waveguide I and a first modulation component I;
  • the input waveguide I has one end constructed as an optical entrance port, the input waveguide I has another end in contact connection with one end of the arc-shaped waveguide I, the arc-shaped waveguide I has another end in contact connection with one end of the arc-shaped waveguide II, the arc-shaped waveguide II has another end in contact connection with one end of the directional coupling waveguide I, the directional coupling waveguide I has another end in contact connection with one end of the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide, the first modulation component I is disposed on the substrate and is located at an outer side of the directional coupling waveguide I;
  • the second input waveguide component comprises an input waveguide II, an arc-shaped
  • a contact portion between the input waveguide I and the arc-shaped waveguide I, a contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide II and the directional coupling waveguide I, a contact portion between the directional coupling waveguide I and the first phase-shifting arc-shaped waveguide, a contact portion between the input waveguide II and the arc-shaped waveguide III, and a contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide IV and the directional coupling waveguide II are provided with a dislocation I respectively; a contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide I and the arc-shaped waveguide II, and a contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide III and the arc-shaped waveguide IV are provided with dislocation II respectively.
  • the first modulation component I and the first modulation component II are the same, and are an electrical modulation component or a thermal modulation component.
  • the second-stage directional coupling structure comprises a first output waveguide component and a second output waveguide component which are parallel to each other, the first output waveguide component includes an output waveguide I, an arc-shaped waveguide V, an arc-shaped waveguide VI, a directional coupling waveguide III and a second modulation component I;
  • the output waveguide I has one end constructed as an optical output port, and the output waveguide I has another end in contact connection with one end of the arc-shaped waveguide V, the arc-shaped waveguide V has another end in contact connection with one end of the arc-shaped waveguide VI, the arc-shaped waveguide VI has another end in contact connection with one end of the directional coupling waveguide III, the directional coupling waveguide III has another end in contact connection with one end of the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide, the second modulation component I is disposed on the substrate and is located at an outer side of the directional coupling waveguide III; the second output waveguide component includes an output waveguide II, an arc-shaped wave
  • a contact portion between the output waveguide I and the arc-shaped waveguide V, a contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide VI and the directional coupling waveguide III, a contact portion between the directional coupling waveguide III and the first phase-shifting arc-shaped waveguide, a contact portion between the output waveguide II and the arc-shaped waveguide VII, and a contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide VII and the directional coupling waveguide IV are provided with a dislocation I respectively; a contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide V and the arc-shaped waveguide VI, and a contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide VII and the arc-shaped waveguide VIII are provided with a dislocation II respectively.
  • the second modulation component I and the second modulation component II are the same, and are an electrical modulation component or a thermal modulation component.
  • the spacing between the input waveguide and the output waveguide of the present invention is an integral multiple of 127 ⁇ m or 250 ⁇ m.
  • the broad-spectrum and wavelength-insensitive features are achieved by optimizing the coupling length and phase shift size, while modulation is introduced into the coupling region and phase shifting, and adjustment of splitting ratio adjustment for broad-spectrum range is achieved by adjusting the coupling ratio and phase shift size.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first directional coupler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connecting portion of the arc waveguide and the straight waveguide of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a trend chart showing the loss variation with dislocation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the output power conversion of the coupler when the refractive index of the first directional coupler of the present invention changes.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram showing a phase shifting structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the second directional coupler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the static output spectrum of the present invention.
  • an adjustable wide-spectrum wavelength-insensitive directional coupler includes a substrate 100 , the substrate 100 is silicon dioxide, silicon, SOI, indium phosphide or a semiconductor polymer.
  • a first-stage directional coupling structure 1 , a phase-shifting structure 2 , and a second-stage directional coupling structure 3 are sequentially disposed on the substrate 100 .
  • the first-stage directional coupling structure 1 , the phase-shifting structure 2 , and the second-stage directional coupling structure 3 are each made of an optical waveguide material 101 .
  • the optical waveguide material 101 is silicon dioxide, silicon, indium gallium arsenide, a polymer or other semiconductor material.
  • the phase-shifting structure 2 includes a phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide, a phase shifting straight waveguide 22 and a third modulating component 26 .
  • the third modulating component 26 is disposed on the phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide.
  • the third modulation component 26 is an electrical modulation component with a U-shaped structure or a thermal modulation component with a U-shaped structure.
  • the phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has one end connected to the output terminal of a directional coupling waveguide I 16 of the first-stage directional coupling structure 1 .
  • the phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has another end connected to the input terminal of a directional coupling waveguide III 30 of the second-stage directional coupling structure 3 .
  • the phase shifting straight waveguide 22 has one end connected to the output terminal of the directional coupling waveguide II 17 of the first-stage directional coupling structure 1 .
  • the phase shifting straight waveguide 22 has another end connected to a connecting component of an input terminal of the directional coupling waveguide IV 31 of the second-stage directional coupling structure 3 .
  • the phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide includes a first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 21 , a second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 23 , a third phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 24 , and a fourth phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 25 .
  • the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has one end connected to the output terminal of the directional coupling waveguide I 16 .
  • the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide has another end connected to one end of the second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 23 .
  • the second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 23 has another end connected to one end of the third phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 24 .
  • the third phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 24 has another end connected to one end of the fourth phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 25 .
  • the fourth phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 25 has another end connected to the input terminal of the directional coupling waveguide III 30 .
  • An arc formed by connecting the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 21 and the second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 23 is symmetrical to an arc formed by connecting the third phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 24 and the fourth phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 25 , and a bending direction of the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 21 is opposite to a bending direction of the second phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 23 .
  • the first-stage directional coupling structure 1 includes a first input waveguide component and a second input waveguide component which are parallel to each other.
  • the first input waveguide component includes an input waveguide I 10 , an arc-shaped waveguide I 12 , an arc-shaped waveguide II 14 , a directional coupling waveguide I 16 and a first modulation component I 18 .
  • One end of the input waveguide I 10 is an optical entrance port, and the other end of the input waveguide I 10 is in contact connection to one end of the arc-shaped waveguide I 12 .
  • the other end of the arc-shaped waveguide I 12 is in contact connection to one end of the arc-shaped waveguide II 14 .
  • the other end of the arc-shaped waveguide II 14 is in contact connection to one end of the directional coupling waveguide I 16 .
  • the other end of the directional coupling waveguide I 16 is in contact connection to one end of the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 21 .
  • the first modulation component I 18 is disposed on the substrate 100 and is located at an outer side of the directional coupling waveguide I 16 .
  • the second input waveguide component includes an input waveguide II 11 , an arc-shaped waveguide III 13 , an arc-shaped waveguide IV 15 , a directional coupling waveguide II 17 , and a first modulating component II 19 .
  • One end of the input waveguide II 11 is another optical port.
  • the other end of the input waveguide II 11 is in contact connection to one end of the arc-shaped waveguide III 13 .
  • the other end of the arc-shaped waveguide III 13 is in contact connection to one end of the arc-shaped waveguide IV 15 .
  • the other end of the arc-shaped waveguide IV 15 is in contact connection with one end of the directional coupling waveguide II 17 .
  • the other end of the directional coupling waveguide II 17 is in contact connection with one end of the phase-shifting straight waveguide 22 .
  • the first modulation component II 19 is disposed on the substrate 100 and is located at an outer side of the directional coupling waveguide II 17 .
  • the contact portion between the input waveguide I 10 with the arc-shaped waveguide I 12 , the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide II 14 and the directional coupling waveguide I 16 , the contact portion between the directional coupling waveguide I 16 and the first phase-shifting arc-shaped waveguide 21 , the contact portion between the input waveguide II 11 and the arc-shaped waveguide III 13 , and the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide IV 15 and the directional coupling waveguide II 17 are provided with a dislocation I respectively; the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide I 12 and the arc-shaped waveguide II 14 , and the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide III 13 and the arc-shaped waveguide IV 15 are provided with dislocation II respectively.
  • Both of the first modulation component I 18 and the first modulation component II 19 are an electrical modulation component or a thermal modulation component.
  • the second-stage directional coupling structure 3 includes a first output waveguide component and a second output waveguide component which are parallel to each other.
  • the first output waveguide component includes an output waveguide I 38 , an arc-shaped waveguide V 36 , an arc-shaped waveguide VI 34 , a directional coupling waveguide III 30 and a second modulation component I 32 .
  • One end of the output waveguide I 38 is an optical output port, and the other end of the output waveguide I 38 is in contact connection to one end of the arc-shaped waveguide V 36 .
  • the other end of the arc-shaped waveguide V 36 is in contact connection to one end of the arc-shaped waveguide VI 34 .
  • the other end of the arc-shaped waveguide VI 34 is in contact connection to one end of the directional coupling waveguide III 30 .
  • the other end of the directional coupling waveguide III 30 is in contact connection to another end of the first phase shifting arc-shaped waveguide 21 .
  • the second modulation component I 32 is disposed on the substrate 100 and is located at an outer side of the directional coupling waveguide III 30 .
  • the second output waveguide component includes an output waveguide II 39 , an arc-shaped waveguide VII 37 , an arc-shaped waveguide VIII 35 , a directional coupling waveguide IV 31 , and a second modulating component II 33 .
  • One end of the output waveguide II 39 is another optical output port.
  • the other end of the output waveguide II 39 is in contact connection to one end of the arc-shaped waveguide VII 37 .
  • the other end of the arc-shaped waveguide VII 37 is in contact connection to one end of the arc-shaped waveguide VII 35 .
  • the other end of the arc-shaped waveguide VII 35 is in contact connection with one end of the directional coupling waveguide IV 31 .
  • the other end of the directional coupling waveguide IV 31 is in contact connection with another end of the phase-shifting straight waveguide 22 .
  • the second modulation component II 33 is disposed on the substrate 100 and is located at an outer side of the directional coupling waveguide IV 31 .
  • the contact portion between the output waveguide I 38 and the arc-shaped waveguide V 36 , the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide VI 34 and the directional coupling waveguide III 30 , the contact portion between the directional coupling waveguide III 30 and the first phase-shifting arc-shaped waveguide 21 , the contact portion between the output waveguide II 39 and the arc-shaped waveguide VII 37 , and the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide VII 35 and the directional coupling waveguide IV 31 are provided with a dislocation I respectively; the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide V 36 and the arc-shaped waveguide VI 34 , and the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide VII 37 and the arc-shaped waveguide VIII 35 are provided with dislocation II respectively.
  • the second modulation component I 32 and the second modulation component II 33 are the same, both of which is an electrical modulation component or a thermal modulation component.
  • the spacing between the input waveguide and the output waveguide of the present invention is an integral multiple of 127 ⁇ m or 250 ⁇ m.
  • An adjustable wide-spectrum wavelength-insensitive coupler which comprises: a substrate, an optical waveguide material, a first-stage directional coupling structure, a phase-shifting structure and a second-stage directional coupling structure, the first-stage directional coupling structure, the phase-shifting structure and the second-stage directional coupling structure are sequentially connected, are made of an optical waveguide material, and are fabricated on the substrate.
  • the substrate is made of a silicon dioxide material.
  • the optical waveguide material is selected from silicon dioxide material which are differently doped with a refractive index difference of 0.45%, and the calculation formula is:
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ n n 1 2 - n 2 2 2 ⁇ ⁇ n 1 2
  • the waveguide bending radius 15 mm
  • the waveguide section size is 6.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 6.5 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a connecting portion of the arc-shaped waveguide and the straight waveguide
  • FIG. 4 is a variation trend of loss under different dislocation structures. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that when the dislocation gradually increases from 0, the loss has a tendency to gradually decrease. When the value increases to a certain value, the loss increases.
  • the coupling loss is the latest.
  • the contact portion between the arc-shaped waveguide and the arc-shaped waveguide is the dislocation value of two curved fields, which is two times of the arc-shaped waveguide and the straight waveguide.
  • the curved portion is a gradually broadening process due to the waveguide.
  • coupling at the curved waveguide portion is the equivalent coupling length Le, where the input is A1, A2, and the output is B1, B2.
  • the transfer matrix expression of the first-stage directional coupling structure 1 is:
  • T 1 cos( ⁇ ( Larm 1 +L e )/2 L c )
  • S 1 sin( ⁇ ( Larm 1 +L e )/2 L c )
  • L c ⁇ /( ⁇ e ⁇ o )
  • ⁇ e , ⁇ o refers to the propagation constant of the intrinsic even and odd symmetric mode in the coupler
  • FIG. 5 is a change in coupler output power when the coupler simulates a change in refractive index, where a positive value of ⁇ n represents the operation of the first thermal modulation structure and a negative value of ⁇ n represents the operation of the second thermal modulation structure. It can be seen from FIG. 5 that at a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m, under a static condition, the splitting ratio of the two output channels under a static condition is 50%: 50%.
  • the splitting ratio of the two output channels is 100%:0%/0%:0%.
  • any split ratio adjustment can be achieved in the range of 1.25 ⁇ m to 1.65 ⁇ m.
  • the length of the straight waveguide of the phase shifting structure is L
  • the angle of the curved waveguide is angle
  • the refractive index of the arc-shaped waveguide is changed, and the phase shift size introduced by the phase shifter is changed.
  • phase shift structure 2 wherein the input is B1, B2, and the output is C1, C2.
  • the transfer matrix expression of the phase shift structure 2 is:
  • ⁇ is the waveguide propagation constant
  • the spacing between the directional coupling waveguide III and the directional coupling waveguide IV is the same
  • the equivalent coupling length is Le, where the input is C1, C2, and the output is D1, D2.
  • the transfer matrix expression of the first-stage directional coupling structure is:
  • T 2 cos( ⁇ ( Larm 2 +L e )/2 L c )
  • S 2 sin( ⁇ ( Larm 2 +L e )/2 L c )
  • L c ⁇ /( ⁇ e ⁇ o )
  • ⁇ e , ⁇ o refers to the propagation constant of the intrinsic even and odd symmetric mode in the coupler.
  • [ D ⁇ ⁇ 1 D ⁇ ⁇ 2 ] [ T 2 - j ⁇ ⁇ S 2 - j ⁇ ⁇ S 2 T 2 ] ⁇ [ e - j ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ L 0 0 e - j ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ L + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ L ] ⁇ [ T 1 - j ⁇ ⁇ S 1 - j ⁇ ⁇ S 1 T 1 ] ⁇ [ A ⁇ ⁇ 1 A ⁇ ⁇ 2 ]
  • the wavelength-insensitive, wide-spectrum range splitting ratio adjustment is realized.
  • IL i - 101 ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ ( P out i P i ⁇ ⁇ n ) ⁇ ( dB ) ;
  • UNIF - 101 ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ( P out ) ⁇ min ( P out ) ⁇ max ⁇ ( dB ) ;
  • WDL i - 101 ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ( P out ⁇ i ) ⁇ min ( P out i ) ⁇ max ⁇ ( dB ) .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
US16/629,920 2017-08-14 2018-08-13 Adjustable wide-spectrum wavelength-insensitive directional coupler Active US10908359B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710690935.0 2017-08-14
CN201710690935.0A CN107315224B (zh) 2017-08-14 2017-08-14 一种可调宽谱波长不灵敏定向耦合器
CN201710690935 2017-08-14
PCT/CN2018/100205 WO2019034013A1 (zh) 2017-08-14 2018-08-13 一种可调宽谱波长不灵敏定向耦合器

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US10908359B2 true US10908359B2 (en) 2021-02-02

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