US1086714A - Apparatus for burning finely-divided fuel. - Google Patents

Description

D. J. IRISH.

APPARATUS FOR BURNING PINELY DWI DEB FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED $21 122, 1011.

1,086,714. Patented Feb. 10, 1914,

Em--5 my v .6 2

| 1 I v ,y F a 1 1 al 1 1 WITNESSES:

M4 I I i fi w g UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID-2 IRISH, on NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE BABCOCK & WILCOX coM'PANY,

or BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY.

APPARATUS FOR- BURNING FINELY-DIVIDED FUEI l.

Specification of Letters latent. v

Patented Feb. 10, 1914.

Application file d September 22, 1911. Serial No, 650,742.

\ vided Fuel, of which the following is a specification.

I have found that by admitting air for combustion at various points to a stream or of finely-divided fuel the form of the flame resulting therefrom may be materially varied, said variation following a definite law. Thus, if the points at which air is ad mitted .are confined to the sides of a stream or'jet'of fuel circular in cross section, the resulting flame will be narrowed in width and correspondingly increased in height. On the other hand, if the air is admitted only above and below a stream of fuel circular in cross section, the resulting flame will be broadened and reduced in height.

Many instances occur in practice where burners or sprayer-s for finely-divided fuel.

adapt these so-called round flame burners to the special furnace conditions wherein a broad flattened flame is desired. It is not necessary to entirely dispense with air admission at certain points but air may be admitted entirely around the burner and, if it be properly proportioned'in amount in accordance with the above theorem, the corresponding etfect will be produced on the form of the flame.

My invention will be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a boiler furnace showing the application of the invention thereto: Fig. 2 a front elevation of the boiler of Fig 1 showing the application of two burners to the furnace; Figs. 3 and 4 front views of forms of plates through which the air for combustion may be admitted to control the form of the flame in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 5 a vertical section on the' plane of the line 5--5 of Fig. 6 showing another form of plate; Fig. 6 a horizontal section on the plane of the line (3-6 of Fig. 5; and Figs.

7. 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views showing the effect of air distribution on the flame.

Similar reference numerals indicate similar parts in the several views.

For the purpose of illustration I have shown my invention applied to a boiler furnace of limited head room and great width.

The use of a burner in this form of furnace giving a conical flame circular in section is objectionable for the reason that the flame comes into interference with the floor of the furnace and the water-heating surfaces ularly at the entrance. Vith this form of furnace it is desired to s read the flame from the burners across the urnace in the direction of its width without using an excessive number of burners, or burners which in themselves produce a broad flat flame. In carrying out my invention any suitable form of burner 1 may be used which Will properly project a finely-dividcdfuel such as gas, oil or solid fuel in the form of a substantially conical flame, into the combustion chamber 2.

In order to flatten the flame, which would ordinarily be produced by the burner, I admit the air for combustion through an opening which will permit the entrance of a larger volume above and below the flame than is admitted at the sides. This can be conveniently accomplishcd by setting a box or frame 3 having an oblong or oval opening into the furnace wall, the burner 1 ter minating in proximity to such opening, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6, and substantially coincident with the axis thereof. In accordance with the principles above stated the volume of air admitted above and below the flame is greater than at the sides and this has the effect of pressing upon the upper and lower sidcsof the flame and flattening it horizontally.

In Fig. 7 I have shown diagrammatically the efl ect of admitting air for combustion through a circular opening 4. equal in volume atv all points around the burner. In such case the flame, will'sp'read out in a conicalform. circularin section, as. indiflattened as indicated by the arowsjthat is, with its major axis horizontal.

forming the upper portion thereof, partic- If the air opening'is so.

major axisis horizontal, as s ownf'in' lligffl,

= then the flame willlbe narioiwed"htnfizon tally and increased in height, as indicated by the arrows, that-is the flame will'be. of

oval shape with its major axis vertical; As

' shownby Figs. 8' and 9, the major axisfofi the, flame will be "practically at r1 lit-anglesto the major axis of the opening or i d; In1SS10n.- v

., H If it is'desired' togive to the air iforcoi'nbustion' a whirling or rotating motion,. I,

place within the opening-a series pfbladesinclined ,at an angle toqthe 'p'lane of ffthe opening and space apartto prov de aper-' tures for the admissionof air. 'Alconv'en ient way of doing this 'is to-make the-bladesin the form'-of:-a, plate, "either a casting or blades. of sheet metal secured 'toa suitable base. In Fig. 3;,the blades 5 aresecured at ftheir inner ends toa central, ring'to' pro- Vide an opening-through which. the fuel may be projected, and fair" their outer ends oval opening inaplate Q .c-lined'tothe-plane of the plate,;aslshown in.

, to an oblong frame el -plate. 6.;By using such a devic'e,l'tne flame notonly. flattened by reasonflofjthea'oblongf formof the air flected, fromt-its 'nbrmal" direction of travel and. iven a" whirlingi forrotating motionby w fieh is secured afco'ntinuous, ,uniform'} and intimate Instead of an'bbiehg fgiaer aaiara Fig. 4,]to deflect the air and togive it a whirling'or rotatingmotionl' In this case, as with an oblong or oval opening without the blades, the greater volume of airadmitflattened flames 4 ted at one point than". another produces a I Figs. 5 and- 6 I have showna boxlii rectangular in vertical section which may. .be set into the furnace casing and which has at the furnace end thereof a grating of "vertical blades 10 inclined to thep ane of their supports so vas to deflect the air without :giving it a whirling motiorn All of.

I 3 these forms of openings, in which the area for air admission is longer in one direction than the other, produce substantially the same.- flatteningefi'ect on [the .flameQ-Q'lhe major axis of suchopening may be'vertical or. horizontal, or any otlferfp0s1tion', to pro 'duce the flattening in the desired directional,

Y -Torstill1n1ore fullycexplain my invention,

I? I wmdes ific: example of Prac- ,lt s e' it h a boxv having a rectangularopening- Shine I making zthereb y a with'blades e in as byf: inches, with the niaj or axis v'epticalfasii shownin Fig. 9, i and v .withoutgganafideflectingfplate. The burner was of th'e'cmisltriiction'fshownin Peabody I Patent No. 1,907,793, dated November 191 1',: .-withf;;' an outlet orifice}- three sixty-' atogrths of. an inch in dianieterif The pres homema- ."sure on the oilwas'about200 ounds and the Joilffwas' what I is commercially known f Texas Crude of 2TB. The temperatugil of the. oil entering the burner was about 1 natural draft was- "employedof-aboutfi of an inchin the furdegrees Fahrenheit. A

nace, The furnace was about 8 feet Wide,

=32inches high at the front and about? feet at the rear and 7 feet long.-,' There was about 1190 pounds pressure in the boiler which was.

of the type shown in Fig. 1 with the grate bars removed. The following observations were made: Ignition began in a plane about 1 1 4" behind the box, and about 13 to 15 inches from the front of the burner. The

flame extended substantially thelength of the furnace, and was substantially oval in cross-section with the. major axis horizontal,

and at its further end the horizontal axis was about 60' inches, and the minor or vertical axis was about 24 inches. 'Upon placing the air-inlet box as shown in Fig. 8, that is, with the major axis of the opening horizontal, the conditions observed were 1 practically the same as above'state'd except that the major ganl in a plane about 1?; to 2inches behind the box, and about 21} to 3 inches behind the burner. The. flame extended into the fur a mice a distance of'from' four to five feet back I of the box, and was substantially oval in 1 cross-section with the major axis horizontal, and atits further endthe minor or vertical axisfwas about 20 inches. Theabove difi'er ences in positionand size of flame is due'to' the thorough intermixing of the air and oil carried by the placingof an air deflecting; plate, of the form described'inFig. 3, in the rectangular .opening. "Upon removing the boxand admitting air through a circular opening in the furnace wall, as shown in Fig. 7, the flame was substantially circular in cross-section. Froin'these observations it Y therefore appears that-thefadr'nission of agreater quantity OIflVOlUmB Of air above and below the burner than at the sides produces a broad flattened flame. Byreversingthese .conditions, that 'is',ad1nitting a greater qua'm tity or volume of air'at thesi'des than above or below the burneriprod'ueesa broad flat-1 1 tened 'flame with the major axis vertical.

QWhat I claim and desire to secure by Let tors Patent "of the United States is 1, In combination, a bombustion-nhamber,

a burner.- for finely divided fuehra casing having anopeningfortheadmission of fforicoinbustion, said opening vbeinglonger in one direction than 'the loth'er, and means to give to the air a whirling or rotating mo tion as it enters the combustion chamber.

2. The combination With a burner, of an air deflecting device comprising aplate hav 5 ingan opening longer in one direction than the other, a plurality of inclined blades spaced apart to provide apertures for the' admission of air and secured attheir outer ends to said plate, a support for the inner l0 ends of the blades said inner support having at central opening,--and the burner termihating in proximity to said central opening.

- In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DAVID J. IRISH.

Witnesses M. E. MGNINOH, ARTHUR GOAT.

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