US10830394B2 - Composite pressure vessel having internal load support - Google Patents

Composite pressure vessel having internal load support Download PDF

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Publication number
US10830394B2
US10830394B2 US15/985,569 US201815985569A US10830394B2 US 10830394 B2 US10830394 B2 US 10830394B2 US 201815985569 A US201815985569 A US 201815985569A US 10830394 B2 US10830394 B2 US 10830394B2
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rod
axial rod
axial
vessel
pressure vessel
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US20180372272A1 (en
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Mohit Garg
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Quantum Fuel Systems LLC
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Quantum Fuel Systems LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/005—Storage of gas or gaseous mixture at high pressure and at high density condition, e.g. in the single state phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/013—Reinforcing means in the vessel, e.g. columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/067—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments helically wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0391—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters inside the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2154—Winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/017—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing by calculation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y02E60/321—

Definitions

  • a filament wound composite overwrapped pressure vessel constitutes of thick overwrap, plastic liner and metallic fittings.
  • the overwrapped structure is a combination of structural fibers and a resin. Continuous fibers provide tensile strength for structural integrity while the resin carries shear loads in the composite and maintains the fiber position.
  • the composite is applied over a fluid-retention barrier that serves as an interior liner for the composite.
  • These fluid-retention barriers may be a rubber, plastic, or thin ductile metal liner.
  • These liners serve to maintain acceptable leak rates and fluid purity but add little, if any, structural integrity.
  • the COPVs offer a significant weight advantage, approximately one-half the weight of a comparable metal tank. Most performance efficient and cost-effective tank design efforts mostly focus on use of less expensive carbon fibers or hybrid (carbon+glass) fibers.
  • the majority of the filament winding is done using similar wind patterns that include hoop and helical layers.
  • the hoop layers take the circumferential load, while the helical layers take the axial load.
  • the filament winding process does include use of high angle helical layers that take both hoop and axial load.
  • the high angle layers reinforce the dome-cylinder transition area.
  • the hoop layers are very efficient in reinforcing the cylinder section from circumferential load; however, they are very inefficient in reinforcing the cylinder from axial load. They are difficult to wind over, quite common, geodesic isotensoid dome shapes.
  • Helical layers are used to overcome the shortcomings of hoop layers and improve the axial stress carrying capability by the composite overwrap.
  • the number of helical layers is usually more than required in a tank.
  • Helical layers are either low or high angle helical layers.
  • the low angle helical layers mostly take the axial load and are used to hold the metal fittings near the polar openings of the COPV.
  • the continuous filament winding process forces tank manufacturers to wind low angle helical layers over the cylinder section. These low angle helical layers add unnecessary weight and reduce the storage volume of the tanks (for fixed external tank dimensions).
  • Filament winding consists of wet (resin impregnated fiber) and dry (towpreg) winding types.
  • the dry winding is a very expensive process compared to wet winding; however, it allows more control and consistent wind patterns.
  • Both wet and dry filament winding of composite shells involves the winding of hoop and helical layers over a liner.
  • the hoop winding supports the hoop stress and defines the burst capability of the tank and reinforces the cylinder section of the pressure vessel.
  • the helical winding supports the axial load on the pressure vessel.
  • Helical winding reinforces mostly the dome section of the pressure vessel.
  • the helical winding consists of high and low angle helical windings.
  • the high angle windings along with hoop windings reinforce the cylinder-dome transition area.
  • the low angle helical windings hold the polar boss near the opening.
  • the polar opening section is usually the thickest section in the pressure vessel, as it builds in thickness near the polar opening. The higher the internal pressure, the more the low angle helical layers are required to reinforce the polar opening area to hold the metallic boss.
  • the low angle helical layers are needed to reinforce the dome section and small amount for cylinder section.
  • Majority of the low angle helical layers in the cylinder section only adds to the weight of the tank and results in lowering the storage density of the tank.
  • an optimized 122 L hydrogen tank design 500 mm ⁇ 1000 mm
  • the methods, systems and devices disclosed are a cost effective solution to weight reduction and strength for composite pressure vessels.
  • structure inside the tank that will reduce the overall structure required to support the pressure load.
  • An axial rod (oriented along the axis of the tank, whereby the carbon fiber rod can take the axial load within the tank efficiently) will be placed on the inside of a pressure vessel to reduce the amount of carbon required on the outside tank.
  • the axial rod will replace several of the helical filament wound layers typically required in pressure vessel construction.
  • the rod will be attached at both ends of the vessel and allow for the gas to be filled and emptied
  • Disclosed herein are methods, systems and devices, aspects include supporting two ends of a cylindrical composite pressurized storage vessel with an axial rod/tube fixed axially inside the storage vessel fixed at each end; and, providing a fluid pathway into the vessel from at least one of the two ends which is not obstructed by the axial rod/tubing.
  • the axial rod is carbon.
  • axial rod within a composite pressure vessel including a liner with openings on each end; fiber wrapped around the liner fixed with an adhesive resin; a carbon rod fixture within the opening at each end; an inner base within each opening mated with each carbon rod fixture; and, whereby the axial rod is fixed axially within the pressure vessel.
  • a fluid pathway is formed into the vessel from at least one of the two ends which is not obstructed by the axial rod/tubing.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a comparison between a traditional composite pressure vessel and an axial carbon rod composite pressure vessel.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate aspects of a composite pressure with an axial carbon rod.
  • r is the axial rod radius
  • P is the internal pressure
  • R 1 is the cylinder section radius with low angle helical layers
  • t 1 and t 2 are the low angle helical layer thickness in without and with axial rod tanks
  • ⁇ ft is the rod material tensile strength from vendor
  • ⁇ is the polar opening helical wind angle.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate aspects of a composite pressure vessel (tank) 100 with axial support 200 .
  • the tank has a liner 102 .
  • the tank is wrapped 105 in fibers adhered with resins.
  • the high angle wrappings 107 and the low angle wrappings 109 are reduced as compared to the old profile shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the tank has a first polar end 120 and a second polar end 122 .
  • a boss (inside flange) 130 is against the liner and wrapped partially.
  • a boss outer flange 132 is attached over the wrappings and to the inside flange (boss) 130 .
  • the attachment of the axial rod via the below methodology can be done at both the first and second polar ends.
  • a threaded rod adapter 142 with an opening 146 to fit a tool such as a hex wrench or other fastening tool is connected to the axial rod 200 and connected at an interface 147 which may be threaded to the rod anchor 140 .
  • the adapter 150 has a threaded outer annular wall 152 which forms an interface 155 with the threaded inner annular wall 133 of the boss 130 .
  • An adapter seal 154 forms a seal between the liner 102 and the adapter 150 .
  • a valve 160 with threaded annular wall 162 threads into adapter 150 via the threaded inner annular wall 137 and an interface 168 with an o-ring seal 169 is provided.
  • An upper fluid pathway 170 connects through the tank to a lower fluid pathway 175 whereby gaseous fuel may be added to or removed from the tank.
  • Finite Element (FE) analysis for the optimized new wrapping layup show the FE model and corresponding fiber direction strain contour plots indicating that the carbon rod supports the high angle wrappings 107 and the low angle wrappings 109 being reduced (see FIG. 2 ) as compared to the old profile shown in FIG. 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US15/985,569 2015-11-24 2018-05-21 Composite pressure vessel having internal load support Active US10830394B2 (en)

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US15/985,569 US10830394B2 (en) 2015-11-24 2018-05-21 Composite pressure vessel having internal load support

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562259490P 2015-11-24 2015-11-24
PCT/US2016/063405 WO2017091613A1 (fr) 2015-11-24 2016-11-22 Réservoir composite sous pression possédant un support de charge interne
US15/985,569 US10830394B2 (en) 2015-11-24 2018-05-21 Composite pressure vessel having internal load support

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/US2016/063405 Continuation WO2017091613A1 (fr) 2015-11-24 2016-11-22 Réservoir composite sous pression possédant un support de charge interne

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US10830394B2 true US10830394B2 (en) 2020-11-10

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US (1) US10830394B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3380302B1 (fr)
CN (2) CN108430738A (fr)
CA (1) CA3006046A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017091613A1 (fr)

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IT202100003650A1 (it) * 2021-02-17 2022-08-17 Carbon Cylinder S R L Bombola con anima in materiale plastico e rivestimento in materiale composito provvista di bocchelo e relativo metodo di produzione
WO2022172032A1 (fr) * 2021-02-11 2022-08-18 Viritech Ltd Réservoirs de stockage de gaz volatil sous pression et structures comprenant de tels réservoirs

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RU182671U1 (ru) * 2017-10-16 2018-08-28 Владимир Иванович Цапков Баллон высокого давления
CN109681769A (zh) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-26 海控复合材料科技有限公司 复合材料耐高压储运气瓶
US10619794B2 (en) 2018-03-13 2020-04-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Pressurized-fluid storage device
US20230175649A1 (en) * 2020-04-27 2023-06-08 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement Base for pressurized gas tank
CN112856205A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 一种法兰连接件、复合高压容器及成型方法
DE102022104803A1 (de) 2022-03-01 2022-12-22 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von Towpreg-Spulen

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CN112344199B (zh) 2022-06-03
EP3380302A4 (fr) 2018-11-21
US20180372272A1 (en) 2018-12-27
WO2017091613A1 (fr) 2017-06-01
CA3006046A1 (fr) 2017-06-01
EP3380302A1 (fr) 2018-10-03
EP3380302B1 (fr) 2022-01-05
CN108430738A (zh) 2018-08-21

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