US1082995A - Vertical milling-machine. - Google Patents

Description

J. BECKER.

VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN.16, 1909.

1,082,995. Patented Dec. 30, 1913 5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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J. BECKER. VERTICAL MILLING MAOHINE. APPLICATION FILED .TANIIB, 1909.

1,082,995. PtentedgDec. 30, 1913.

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- lttys J. BECKER. VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.16, 1909. 1,082,995. Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

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YIIIIIIJIAVIIIIIIIIII Hum J. BECKER. VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED mums, 1909.

Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

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J. BECKER. VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE. APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 16, 1909'.

Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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JOHN BECKER, 0F HYDE PARK, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR T0 BECKER MILLING MACHINE COMPANY,'OF PORTLAND, MAINE, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

VERTICAL MILLING-MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN BECKER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Hyde Park, in the county of Norfolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Vertical Milling- Machines, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

My invention relates to transmission mechanisms suitable for millingand other machines.

To enable my invention to be readily understood I have herein elected to disclose the same as embodied in a milling machine of the vertical type illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a side elevation showing a vertical millin machine equipped with one embodiment o my invention; Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional detail taken on the dotted line 3-3 of Fig. 2;Fig. 4 is a section taken'on the dotted line 44 of Fig. 3. looking toward the left; Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on the dotted line 55 of Fig. 3 looking downward; Fig. 6 is anenlarged sectional detail taken on the dotted line 66 of Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the dotted line 7 7 of Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional detail taken on the dotted line 83 of Fig. 1;Fig. 9 is a view of the tumbler gear mechanism taken from the left of Fig. 8, the cover of the gear case being removed; and, Fig. 10 is a sectional detail taken on the diagonal dotted lines 10 1o of Fig. i.

In the drawings, referring to Fig. 1, the illustrative vertical milling machine to which my invention is adapted,- comprises a column 1, provided with the usual knee 2 for supporting the work table, having a vertical sliding connection with the frontv face of said column 1. Said column has an overhanging arm 3 for supporting a tool carrying spindle 4, the latter having at its upper end a pulley 5. Power'is applied to a main pulley 6, Fig. 1 on the short shaft 9 in bearings in a yoke 10 bolted to the lower rear side of said column 1. A flanged pul-' ley 11 is loosely supported on said shaft 9, and may bedriven from said pulley 6 by a plurality of speed connections which I will Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 30,1913.

I Application filed January 16, 1909. Serial No. 472,712.

now describe. The pulley 6 has an exteriorly tapered rim 8 projecting toward and adapted to cooperate with a similarly tapered interior surface 12 of the rim of the pullev 11. \Vhen these pulleys are moved into direct engagement with each other, they will rotate together giving one speed to said pulley 11. The pulley 6 contains an internal gear 7 meshing with planet gears 20'mounted on short shafts 21 carried by the pulley 11 and arranged around the hub thereof. Said planet gears project out wardly from the face of said gear 11, to mesh with a sun gear 15 within said gear 6, and

fast upon a sleeve 13. This sleeve extends stationary sun gear 15 will transmit a second.

speed tothe pulley 11. Thus there is pro- 'vided means for obtaining two speeds, one

by the direct engagement of the driven pulley 6 and transmission pulley 11 and the other through the sun and planet gears just described and which produces a slower speed of the pulley 11 than that of the pulley 6. The pulley 6 is connected to move axially with its shaft 9 by a collar 6 fixed to the latter, said collar entering a corresponding groove in the hub of the pulley 6,a removable collar 6 screwed to the end of the hub of said pulley constituting one side of said groove. The pulley 11 being confined on the sleeve 13 between the sun gear 15 and the friction cone 16, moves longitudinally with said sleeve.

v The shaft 9 with the pulley 6 may be moved axially to the left of Fig. 3 to frictionallyengage with pulley 11 by a pair of hell crank levers 23, Fig. 3, pivoted oppositely to each other on a collar 24 screwed to the inner end of the sleeve 13. The short arms of said bell crank levers 23 engage a peripheral groove 25 in a short sleeve 26 fast to said shaft 9 and the long arms of said bell crank levers cooperate with inclined cam faces 27 in the ends of slots in a spool 28 which is loosely mounted on shaft 9. Said spool 28 may l ie moved along said shaft to the right or left by a yoke 29 having short studs engaging a peripheral groove 30 in said spool 28. Said yoke 29 is fixed to a transverse shaft 31 mounted within the hollow column 1 and projects through the wall of the latter to receive a handle 32 which may be held in various positions of adjustment by a latch 33 and a rack 34, the latter being secured to the side of the said column.

It is obvious that when the handle. 32 is rocked to the left of Figs. 1 and 3, said spool will move in the same direction and the cam faces 27 in said spool will spread the longer arms of the bell crank levers 23, forcing the shorter arms of said lever and the shaft 9 to the left to draw the pulleys 6 and 11 into engagement. This action will move the pivots of said levers, the sleeve 13 supporting them and the friction cone 16 fixed to said sleeve to the right separating said cone from said cup. The pulleys 6 and 11 may be separated and the friction cone 16 and cup 17. may be connected by moving the shaft 9 to the right and the sleeve 13 to the left. This-last'mentioned movement may be-effected by a second pair of bell crank levers 34, Fig. 5, mounted at right angles to said bell crank levers 23 on' said collar 24. The longer arms of the bell crank levers 34 are forced inwardly by engagement with cam faces 35 at right angles to said cam faces 27 and inclined in an opposite direction therefrom. The short arms of said bell crank levers with the shaft 9 will thus be forced to the right of Fig. 5 and their pivots with the sleeve 13 will be drawn to the left. Power from the pulley 11, Fig. l, is transmitted to said spindle pulley 5 at the end of the overhanging arm 3 by a belt 7 which is guided from its vertical to its horizontal run by lead or idle pulleys 36 mounted on short shafts in an adjustable bracket on the rear of said overhanging arm 3. 1

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 2 and 6, the guide or lead pulleys 36 may be utilized for transmitting power to the work table and spindle feed or other parts desired to be driven. Each of said pulleys 36 is mounted loosely upon the laterally extended and slightly upwardly pitched studs 37 secured in their inner adjacent ends in a socketed connection 38, which is provided with a forwardly and horizontally extended arm 39 (Fig 1), which is adjustably held in the split socket 40, the latter being vertically adjustable in. an extension 41 on the machine frame. this vertical adjustment permitting the tightening of the belt 7. Referring to Fig. 6 said guide or lead pulleys 36 are provided with wide flanges 42, the

inner adjacent and disk-like faces of which areshown fitted with concentric ring-like dovetailed ribs 43, between which are inserted leather or other friction material 44 adapted to furnish suitable transmission surfaces. Between the friction disks 42 is arranged a driven or transmission wheel 45. This wheel is mounted fast to a vertical shaft 46, jo urnaled at its upper endin a bearing in the connection 38 and in its lower end in av bearing 47 in the bracket 48 which is bolted br otherwise secured to the rear of the column 1. The above referred to friction transmission mechanism is described more in detail and covered broadly in U. S. Letters Patent No. 941,402 granted to me Nov. 30, 1909, on an application pending concurrently herewith. When the machine is in operation the driving belt- 7 in transmitting motion from the main transmission pulley 11 to the vertical spindle ulley 5 imparts opposite rotation to the lead pulleys 6. This opposite rotation applied to the opposite sides of the driven disk 45 utilizes the transmission power of both'of the pulleys 36 to drive the vertical shaft 46.

It is a well-known fact that a moving belt passing over a pulley tends constantly to creep toward the highest point or largest diameter of said pulley. Consequently in the construction shown (Fig. 6) the oppositely-moving runs of the belt '7 tend constantly to creep toward the outer higher ends of the cone pulleys 36, but because said belt 7 passes from the main transmission pulley 11 at the lower end of the machine to a pulley 5 of substantially the same diameter upon the vertical spindle, said belt also tends constantly to assume substantially direct paths from one to the other of said pulleys. This creeping tendency of the belt forces the loose'pulleys 36 constantly toward each other, pressing the friction disk 42 firmly into en agement with the driven disk 45 and it fol ows that as the resistance to the pulley 5 increases, the greater will be the power transmitted to the shaft 46.

A wide andnice adjustment of speed may be obtained by moving the driven disk 45 along the faces of the driving disks 42. Herein this adjustment is effected by a rack 48' in a sleeve 49 on said vertical shaft 46. The shaft 46 and the sleeve 49 are caused to move longitudinally together by collars 49 fixed to said shaft and spaced'to receive the sleeve 49 therebetween. Above the lower bearing 47 for the vertical shaft is a second bearing having an enlarged bore 46 to receive the sleeve 49, whereby said rack sleeve may slide vertically when adjusted as described.

To bring control of the vertical adjustmentof the shaft 46 within easy reach of the operative a rack adjusting pinion 50 is mounted on a cross shaft 51 (Fig. 2) supported at one end in a suitable bearing and at the other end in ears 52 spaced to receive the pinion 5O therebetween. The cross shaft 51 may in turn be operated-by bevel gears 53, 54 (Fig. 8) from a forwardly extending shaft 55 (Fig. 1) mounted in suitable bearings and carrying at its front end a hand wheel 56. The shaft 51 may be held in its adjusted positions by a suitable clamp 57 By means of the above described friction gears and this adjustment the speed transmitted therefrom can be varied gradually or rapidly without stopping the machine.

Herein the power transmitted by the shaft 46 is utilized to operate the feed of the work table and the vertical feed of the tool spindle and therefore the work used to rotate the spindle, to feed-the work table and to feed the vertical spindle," will be proportional toone another. In order still further to increase the field of the speed variationsobtained from said friction gear mechanism and said planetary gear connections on said shaft 9, a change speed tumbler mechanism is herein interposed between said friction drive and the mechanism for feeding the work table. Said tumbler gear mechanism may be constructed to furnish any desired number of fixed speeds. Herein two speeds are obtained which may be of suflicient difference to permit the friction gears to be adjusted to produce gradual gradations of speed variations, higher and lower than each fixed speed as a nucleus without one field of speed variation overlapping theother. Said tumbler gear mechanism is described more fully and covered more broadly in another-application pending concurrently herewith and it will suffice to describe said mechanism briefly here. This mechanism is driven from the vertical shaft-46 by means of a worm 58 (Figs. 7

and 8) and a worm wheel 59 mounted on the end of a cross shaft 60 mounted in suitable bearings on the bracket 48. A casing 61 containing the tumblergears is mounted on or formsa part of the bracket 48, said casing having a cup-like portion 62 and a cover'63. On opposite sides of said casing and cover are outwardly extending bosses 64 and 65, the bosses 64 supporting one end of the above referred to shaft 60, the latter constituting the driving shaft of the tumbler mechanism, while said bosses 65 support a driven shaft 66.- A wide gear 67 is mounted within the casing 61 fast upon said shaft 60 and also within said casing and mounted on the driven shaft 66 is a driven gear 68 and pinion 69- Betweensaid shafts 60 and '66 and to transmit the various speeds from one to the other is an intermediate longitudinally and oscillatory adjust able tumbler shaft 70. a This shaft projects through elongated openings in the casing and is supported by arms 71 mounted to swing about the bosses 64. One of said arms 71 is extended to form a handle 72 having a latch 73 thereon adapted to en gage a plurality of notches 74 in a segment 75 projecting from the tumbler gear casing to hold said tumbler shaft in position to cause the gear 76 to mesh with the pinion 69 or the pinion 77 tomesh with the gear 68, as desired. The tumbler gear and pinion are fast to the tumbler shaft and slide therewith to bring said gears opposite the gears on the driven shaft which are desired to be operated. The tumbler shaft (Fig. 10) is moved longitudinally-by a knob 76 at one end thereof and may be held in its adjusted positions by a spring pressed latch 77 engaging one or another of a series of spaced peripheral grooves in the tumbler shaft. 7

Power may be transmitted from the tumbler gear mechanism to feed the work table 78 by the driven shaft 66 of the tumbler mechanism extending beyond one side of said casing 61 to receive a bevel gear 79 meshing with a bevel-gear 80 on a short shaft 81 mounted in a hanger 82 depending from the bracket 48. The opposite end of said short shaft has a universal connection shaft 83 (Fig. l) the opposite end of which 'is connected in the usual manner to a short shaft 85 in the work table bed 86 to feed the usual work table 78, the details of which it is not necessary to show herein.

It is desirable in certain classes of work not only to feed the work table, but also to feedthe vertical spindle and the tool carried thereby; The guide pulley friction transmission mechanism is herein utilized not only to feed the work table but also tov feed said vertical spindle. Motion may be transmitted from the vertical shaft 46 of the friction gear to said vertical spindle through the cross shaft 60 having a worm 87 thereon (Figs. 1, 9 and 8) which meshes with a worm gear 88 mounted on the lower end of an inclined shaft 89 journaled at its lower end in a bearing 90 integral with the bracket 48 and at its upper end in one of the bearings of a double bearing bracket 91 (Fig. 1). The inclined shaft 89 is geared'by bevel gears 92 and 93. to a horizontally forwardly extended shaft 94 having its rear end mount= ed in one of the bearings of the bracket 91, and its forward end mounted in suitable bearings 95.

The last mentioned shaft is provided with a worm 96 meshing with a worm wheel 97 loosely mounted on the usual transverse shaft 98. Said worm wheel may be connected to the shaft 98 by the usual clamping hand wheel 99. To automatically stop the feed of said vertical spindle the spindle supporting slide 100 is provided with the usual tappet 101 adapted to impinge against a bell crank lever 102 connected by a rod 103 with one of the members of a clutch 104 on said shaft 94. Said bell crank lever may also be rocked by a handle 107. The usual hand wheels 105, 106 provide manual control for said spindle when the automatic feed is disconnected.

. By my improved guide pulley transmission mechanism not only is power which was formerly wasted utilized, but also said power is taken advantage of to effect a very desirable result, viz: the spindle rotation, spindle feed and work feed being all driven from one belt, and which by operating through my improved automatic pressure friction drive mechanism herein shown, effects a proportionate cooperation of all said parts. For example, if a piece of work is encountered which calls for greater effort on the belt to rotate the tool spindle the work and spindle feed will respond to this increased effort brought on the spindle, and increased power will be automatically transmitted to said feeds.

It is very desirable in milling machines to provide a quick control and at the same time a very wide field of speed variation. By-the machine described herein the operative is able to obtain a very wide field of speed variation without reference to'a compleir and detailed index device. It will be apparent to the operative that his planetary gear speeds arede'termined by the positions of the notches on the segment 34 and he has merely to throw the handle 32 into positions to bring the latch 33 opposite the desired notch to give him an immediate speed change. The tumbler gear mechanism is similarly provided with a notched segment which determines the speed variations obtained thereby. With very little practice the operative will instinctively throw the handles of the planetary gear andthe.

tumbler gear opposite the notches to give him his desired change. The friction gear mechanism permits a very nice and gradual change of speed; and operates to vary each speed obtained from the planetary and tumbler gear mechanism.

It will be apparent that the speed of the tool spindle, the guide pulleys, and hence the work table feed spindle may be changed by simply throwing the planetary gear controlling lever 32, thus eliminating the objectionable shifting of belts necessary where a cone pulley is used, instead of my planetary gear mechanism. In thus operating the work feed'and spindle feed from the pulleys which are used to guide the belt for driving the tool spindle, the work table and spindle feed will stop at the same time that the spindle rotation stops and the feeds will not continue against a non-rotating tool to injure the latter or mutilate the work.

be performed.

rosaees The various levers and hand wheels for controlling the speed adjustments above referred to, are all within easy reach of the operative and are near together and are similar in construction occupying little space and. readily accessible without any complex mechanism occupying the space within the column frame.

My invention as herein disclosed provides the fine and nice speed adjustment furnished by the idler friction drive described t0-' gether with a range of speeds made possible by the range of adjustment of the idler drive superimposed upon those obtained by the sun and planet and friction and tumbler mechanism drive, thus providing a range and fineness of speed adjustment hitherto unknown to me in machines of this kind. All the effective cooperating parts of the machine are driven from a single belt, thus insuring stopping of all the movements, should thebelt break, combined with the noiselessness and directness of operation which always characterize a belt drive. Furthermore the parts are so combined as to make the machine substantially automatically responsive and proportionately adjustable to variations in load or Work to The combination of 'the friction transmission'mechanism with means for trans mitting power therefrom to the table or support is disclosed and claimed inm copending application Serial No. 467,146, filed Dec. 12, 1908.

Having described one embodiment of my invention without limiting the same thereto what I claim asnew anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a support; rotative means for cooperation therewith frictionally engaging driving and driven elements; means for driving said rotative means and elements'whereby the power transmitted through 'said driving element tends to thrust the same axially to maintain said elements in frictional engagement; and connections from said driven element to said support and rotative means for feeding the same.

2. Amachine of the class described comprising, in combination, rotative means; frictionally engaging driving and driven elements; means for driving said rotative means and elements whereby the power transmitted through said driving element tends to thrust the same axially to maintain said elements in frictional engagement; and connections from said driven element to said rotative means for feeding the latter.

. 3. A machineof the class described comprising, in combination, rotative means; frictionally engaging driving and driven elements"; a belt for driving said rotative means and said driving element, said belt and element being arranged to thrust said driving element automatically axially into frictional engagement with said driven element; and connections from the latter to said rotative means for feeding the same.

4:. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, rotative means; frictionally engaging driving and driven elements having obliquely related axes; driving means for rotating said rotative means and said driving element and adapted through the obliquity of the axes of said \elements to press the latter into engaging contact; and connections for feeding said rotative means from said driven element.

A machine of the class described com prising, in combination, rotative means; 'a support for cooperation therewith; frictionally engaging driving and driven elements having obliquely related axes; driving means for rotating said spindle and said driving element and adapted through the obliquity of the axes of said elements to press the latter into engaging contact; and connections for feeding said rotative means and support from said driven element.

6. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a support; rotative means for cooperation therewith; a driving pulley for the latter; a belt for transmitting power from said driving pulley to said rotative means; and feeding means for said support and rotative means comprising a pulley driven by said belt; frictional transmission elements driven by said pulley, said pulley and belt being arranged to cause axial movement of the former by the latter to press said elements into frictional engagement and means 'operatively to connectone of said elements with said support and spindle.

7 A machine of the'class described comprising, in combination, rotative meansya driving pulley therefor; a belt connecting the latter and said rotative means and feeding means for said spindle comprising a pulley. have a pitched surface driven by said belt, a friction element rotated by said pulley, an element adjustable along a face of said first named element; and connections from said adjustable elementto feed said rotative means.

8. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a support; rotative means for cooperation therewith; a driving pulley for the latter; a belt for transmitting power from said driving pulley to said -rotative means; and feeding means for said support and rotative means comprising pulleys driven by said belt; opposed frictionally engaging elements rotated by said pulleys a common element frictionally engaging said opposed elements, said belt and pulleys being arranged automatically to thrust the latter axially into engagement with said common element; and connections from the latter to feed said support and rotative means.

9. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a sup ort a spindle for cooperation therewith; driving means for rotating said spindle; and means to transmit power for vfeeding said support and spindle comprising frictionally engaging rotative elements automatically thrust into engagement with one another by a force proportional to the load on said driving means.

10. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a work support; a

tool spindle; a driving pulley for the latter; a belt for transmitting power from said driving pulley to said spindle; a pulley for guiding said belt'in its run from said driving pulley to said spindle; a friction disk rotated by said guide pulley; a driven disk in frictional engagement with said pulley rotated disk, the latter, said guide pulley and belt being arranged automatically to thrust said disks into frictional engagement; and connections from said driven disk to said support and spindle for feeding the same.

11. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a support; a spindle for cooperation therewith; a driving pulley; a belt extending from one to the other; a guide pulley interposed between said driving pulley and spindle and driven by said belt; frictionallyengaging variable speed disks driven by said guide pulley, said disks and guide pulley being arranged with respect to said belt automaticallyto cause said pulley to thrust and maintain said disks in frictional engagement; and connections from said driven disk to said support and spindle for feeding the same.

12. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a work support; a spindle for cooperation therewith; a belt for driving saidspindle; and means for feeding said support and spindle comprising pulleys driven by said belt, opposed frictional elements driven by said pulleys, an intervening element in frictional engagement with said opposed elements and connections from said intervening element to said support and spindle.

13. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a support a spindle for cooperation therewith; a driving pulley; a belt for transmitting the drive from said pulley to said spindle; and means for transmitting power from said belt to feed said support and spindle comprising a pulley driven by said belt. a frictional element rotative with said pulley, a frictional element driven by said first mentioned element and adjustable with respect thereto whereby to transmit a variety of speeds to said support, said elements and pulley being arranged with respect to said belt automatically to cause said pulley to thrust and maintain said elements in frictional engagement; adjustable means having a plurality of fixed speeds and connections from said driven element to said means whereby to provide any desirable nicety of speed gradation between the fixed speeds of said means.

14. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a support; rot-ative means for cooperation therewith; frictionally engaging driving and driven elements; driving means for said rotative means and elements, constructed and arranged to thrust said driving element automatically axially into frictional engagement with said driven element and means extending from the latter to said support and to said rotative means for transmitting power thereto, said transmission means including means adjustable to provide a plurality of fixed speeds; said driving and driven frictional elements being relatively adjustable, whereby to provide any desired nicety of speed gradation between the fixed speeds of said adjustable means.

15. A machine of the class described prising, in combination, a spindle; frictionally engaging driving and driven elements; means for driving said spindle and elements, constructed and arranged to thrust said driving element automatically axially into frictional engagement with said driven elem'ent; and means extending from said driven'element to said spindle for feeding the same, including means adjustable to provide a plurality of fixed speeds; said driven and driving frictional elements being relatively adjustable whereby to provide any desired'nicety of speed gradation between the fixed speeds of said adjustable means.

16. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a spindle and a support for cooperation therewith; and means for feeding the same comprising a beltfor driving said spindle; guiding means for causing said belt to tend to pursue a predetermined path; a pulley tending to divert said belt from its path and pressed axially thereby; a driven element; a driving element-rotated by said pulley and pressed by the latter into frictional engagement with said driven element; and transmission means extending from said driven' element to said spindle and support.

17. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a'spindle and a support for cooperation therewith; and means to feed the same comprising a belt for driving said spindle; means for. causing said belt to tend to pursue a predetermined path; opposed pulleys constructed and arranged relatively to said belt to tend to divert the latter from its path; an intermediate "driven element; driving elements rotated by said pulleys and pressed axially thereby into frictional engagement with saiddriven element; and transmission means extending from said driven elementto said spindle and support.

18. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, aspindle, adriven pulley therefor; a support for cooperation with said spindle; and means for driving said pulley and feeding said spindle and said support comprising a driving pulley, a belt extending from said driving to said driven pulley, a guide pulley for said belt having its axis tilted away from said driving and driven pulleys, adriving'elementrotated by said guide pulley, adriven element, said belt and guide pulley being ,constructed and arranged to automatically move the latter axially and press saiddIdV'. ing' element into frictional engagement with said driven element; andtransmission means extending from the latter to said spindle and support. 7

In testimony whereof, I have signed'my name to this specification, in the'presence-of two subscribing Witnesses.

' JOHN BECKER. \Vitnesses:

EVERETT S. EMERY; ROBERT: H. KAMMLER.

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