US1079610A - Ice-making and refrigerating machinery. - Google Patents

Description

T. SHIPLEY. IGI: MAKING AND REPRIGERATING MACHINERY.

APPLIUATION FILED O0T.7, 1913.

Patented Nov. 25, 1913.

T. SHIPLEY. 1GB MAKING AND REPRIGERATING MACHINERY APPLICATION FILED 00T. 7,-1913.

Patented Nov. 25,A 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

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T. SHIPLEY. 1GB MAKING AND RBPRIGERATING MACHINERY. APPLIOAIION FILED 0OT.7, 1913.

1.079,61 O. Patented Nov. 25, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Condenszrzy 'Kfer T. SHIPLEY. ICE MAKING AND REPRIGBRATING MACHINERY. APPLICATION FILED ooT.7, 191s.

1,079,610, P-antentedN0V.25,1913.V

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UMTED sTATEs PATENT oFFioE.

THOMAS snrPLnY. or Yoan,PENNSYLVANIA;

ICE-MAKING" .Ann REERIGERA'TING MACHINERY.

T0 all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, THOMAS SHIPLEY, of the city of York,.in the county of York and State of Pennsylvania, Ihave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ice- Making and Refrigeratingj Machinery, of which the following is a.specification.4

My invention relates to that class of ice4 making and refrigerating machinery in which the refrigerant, such as amnonia, 1s

' .kept in circulation `in a pipe circuit including a condenser, to which the ammonia, af-

ter having done its work in the-'refrigerat ing coil, is returned by means of a compressor, or, as the equlvalent of the same 1n an absorption system, by means of7 a generator.

My vinvention refers more particularly 4to lthe means for cpndensing and cooling the ammonia vapor on its way from the compress'or, or the generator, as the case may be, to the refrigerating coil, my object being to enhance the eiiciency' of the condensing means, and at the` same time to reduce largely the area of condensing surface re quired for the purpose. l

To this'end my invent-ion consists of the parts and combinations which willrst bey described in connection with the accompanying drawngs and will then be more particularly-pointed out in the claim.

, -In said drawings-Figure l is a representation, largely diagrammatic, of an appara-l tus embodying my invention.y The remaining figures 'show different forms of condensing means which may be used in the system illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 2is a longitudinalvertical section ofso much of a coil' condenser in its preferred form 'as needed for the purposes of`eXplanation. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a modification. Fig. 4 is a vertical axial section of a shell condenser as appliedto the invention. In these figures the ammonia gas'is introduced at the bottom of the condenser, andthere is a return or v'stand pipe connecting directly the bottom and top of the condenser. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of a co1lcon denser similar to Figal, save that the ammonia gas enters at the top instead ofv at the bottom off the condenser, Fig. 6 is a' makes the ice, the condenser "2 to and through the refrigerating coil inlet end of compressor M. l lthis portion'of the circuit -is usually exressure l of the can type, containing the usual c xi l pansion or refrigerating coil N. The pipe circuit through which circulates the refrigerant which freezes'the water'and includes the compressor MV A, and the refrigerating coil N', and' maybe traced as follows: Starting from outlet end of condenser A, the pipe 1 leads into the. usual receiver R at which point it has a controlling valve Thence the pipe circuitcontinues through the}pipev the usual manner, thence out through-'pipe .3 to inlet side of compressor pump M,

whence 'it is returned Junder pressure through pipe 4 to the inlet end of the condenser. Pipe 2 is provided with the usual reducing valve ulated the back pressure Specification of Letters Patent. i Patented-Nov. 25', 1913. Application led October 7, 1913'.- Seria 1lNo.v793,836 i y by means of which'is reg- 75 in' that portion) of the circuit between the valve y and thepanded toy about fifteen pounds above atmosphere, or thirty poun s absolute pressure, and when thus expanded is A.at-' I' a very low temperature, far below thefreez' lng point. The pipe 4 through 'which the; l. ammonia gas is returned under p ressure to-".85 the condenser A, communicates "with-the lower end of the condenser coil atiwhi'eh point there is an injector 'nozzle of' suitable y' character, typified at c, through which the gas is discharged into the condenser, and l rom the part of the condenser, where thecondensed liquid ammonia is located, is led a pipe C which enters the lowerpart ofthe condenser coil through the injector shell and supplies thatportion of the condenser with a body yof ammonia liquid into which thiefv ammonia gas from the compressor is injected and is thereby condensed, the liquid into which the entering gas is forced being constantly renewed by a supply drawn from that parto'f the condenser condensed liquid.

v The same scheme is applicable to an absorber system as well as to a t compressor system.` In this modificationthe compres- 105 sor is cut out, and the pipe circuit, as shown The ammonial in v containing the by dotted lines in Fig. 1, leads from the outlet end of the refrigerating coil to the absorber O, thence through pump P to the the pressure in the generator is much higher,

say onehundred andv eighty pounds. The strong aqua ammonia in the absorber is the result of the absorption of the ammonia vapor from the refrigerating coilvbytheweak aqua ammonia in the absorber, and the interposition of the pump P, as well understood, is needed in order. 'to take the strong aqua ammonia'through pipe 5 from the low pressure absorber and force it through pipe 6 into the high pressure generator where the ammonia absorbed as aforesaid, or an equivalent amount of it, is driven off andis thence returned as vapor or gas under pressure 7-to the condenser. The weakaqua, resulting from thus driving off the gas, re-

' turns through the pipe 7 to the absorber where it is again strengthened as aforesaid. The pump P is needed to maintain the circulation in the absorption system just as thecompr'essor pump M is needed to maintain the circulation in the other system.

I proceed to a more detailed description of the condenser and its connections. i Referring now to Fig. 2, the body of the condensing coil, like that of the usual standard condenser, is formed of a pipe which extends continuously without a break in horizontal stretches or lengths A-A 1", the return bends a of this pipe being suitably connected to the straight stretches or lengths.

(in this instance ten in number) of the pipe.

The cooling water usedenters the overheadv distributing vtrough X, and through suitable perforations in the bottom`of the same is showered down upon the coil below as custom-v ary in this style of condenser. The bottom stretch A is connected directly with the topv stretch A1" by a return pipe C which forms i .part ofthe coil. The coil is thus composed 4'the contents of cycle.

in effect of anV endless pipe through which the coil/cann ltravel in a closed he ammonia' gas from the compressor is led toi the condenser through the pipe 4, and enters the condensing coil at' the bottom. Before entering the coil -at this point, I prefer to subject it to a preliminary cooling, and to this end the pipe 4 opens into a preliminary section composed of a pipe coil B of two lengths or stretches, connected1 at one end by a return bendb, the upper length of B being connected with a short length of pipe 0 (here shownin the form of a noz-A zle) which enters the return'pipe C at or near the bottom of the same and extends up vtherein sothat its discharge end will be some little distance above the point where the return pipe joins the bottom length A of the coil, the nozzle being of suiiiciently less diameter than. the pipe to leave between the two an annular space somewhat similar to the annular space around the lifting steam nozzle of an injector. Through this annular space the ammonia liquid can pass fromthe bottom length of the condenser coil intothe return pipe. The ammonia gas entering the return pipe C through the injector nozzle c is forced into the body of liquid contained in s'aid pipe.

The valve controlled outlet for the condensed and cooled liquid is indica-ted at D as" located on the second length A3 above the bottom length A of the coil. It may be located at any desired' point onthat part of the coil containing the liquid, but in order to take olf the liquid where it is coldest, I prefer to place said outlet in this in'- 'stance as near the bottom as practicable.

From outlet D the pipe circuit continues through pipe 1 to receiver R, and thence to and through the refrigerating coil and back to the compressor, as before explained in vconnection with Fig. 1. The pre-cooler coil rectly to the inlet nozzle c.

E is a purge valve, such as customarily used on" ammonia condensers.

Assuming the condensing coil to be suppliedwith liquid ammonia at the outset,

the operation is as follows: The ammonia i gas from the compressor M, after passing through the pre-cooler B, enters'the return pipeC .through the nozzle c from which it is injected .into the column of' ammonia liquid in the return pipe,lthe result of thus bringing the gas into contact with the liquid bein .the condensationof the gas, the heat of w ich is taken up by the liquid, the work of condensation being eiiected as soon as actual and complete contact takes pla/ce. The ei'ect of the continuing action of the entering jet upon the superincumbent column of ammonialiquid in the return pipe is to set up in the condenser a circulation of the liquid in the direction of the arrows, the li uid passing up thro-ugh the return pipe over into the top stretch A10 of the condenser coil whence it passes down in due course to join the body of liquid conta-ined in the lower part of the condenser. The work of condensation is practically complete before the top stretch of the condenser coil is reached, and that coil is used to cool an already condensed gas, instead o f being used, as heretofore, first to condense the gas and afterward to cool the resultant product, thus enabling me-to: reduce very materially the area 'liquid contents as attained the level of the valve controlled outlet D bein i:se

i with the stretch A2 (the temperature at which taken oii" in regulated {iowthroughv sai outlet D, whence it'passesinto the pipe circuit, as before explained. The liquid coming lover from the return pipe Iis effectively cooled during its downward passage through the coilrand when it .reaches the bottom stretch f A', whence 1s drawn the supply for. the return pipe,it is severaldegrees cooler than the critical temperature due 'to the pressure within the coilthat criticalv temperature the gas liquefies) asis welll known, with said e low temperature of this body varying dlrectly pressure. Th

'of its `own liquid into which the entering ammonia gas vis lnjected, assists in the work of condensation; and for this reason I prefer to take oii the liquid for this through a connection leadin directly to the gas inJecting point from t at part vof the condenser containing the coolest liquid ammonia.

The gas injecting nozzle may be located at some other point on the vcondenser than the pipe C. For example, in Fig. 3 the nozzle o is represented as located in the end of' the bottom stretch A opposite to that from which the return pipe C leads, passing,;for

this purpose, through a special return bend end ofJ the bottom stretch aconnecting this next above'. The ammo- I' ma liquid passes down from' above through thls bend into thebottom stretch A', there `4o theV refrigeratingcoil is disc practically a closed being an annular passage for this purpose between 'Jthe nozzle dand the ,interior` of, thecondenser pipe. Like letters of reference 1n Figs., 2 and 3 indicatecorresponding parts.v The operation of theI condenser is the that the work of condensation in this case is -done mainly'if not-entirely, in the bottom stretch, A

before the return pipe C is reached. will, be noted that under lthis arrangement the ammonia;

arged into the liquidcontained in the bottom of the condenser, where the work of condensation takes lace, -and the resultant is conveyed from t -at point-directly to the toprof the condenser, through which-'it passes down again to the'bottom .of the condenser to meet y' the ventering gas, the circulation being' in taking offlthe liquid as-it accumulates beyond t-he volume required for successful operation of the condenser, and returning it to the pipe circuit which includesl the comressorand the rerigeratig coil, the liquid 1n the bottom of the condenser into which.

purpose as taken from vinstead of the bottom of the cycle, with provision forrenewed b, 4a supply drawn` from the liquid contents of the condenser.

- The same mode of'operation and eff-ect. may be had in a shell be understood by reference condenser, as will to Fig. 4. In this figure, the body ofthe condenser, as usual in condensers of this type, is composed of a vertical shell F, closed at each end by a tube head fof suitable known construction, filled with tubes g which extend the length of the shell, suitable water. connections being provided, as shown, to maintain a circulation of cooling water through' the tubes g, these tubes serving to cool the contents of the tank.

vThe water circulation is indicated by the arrows From the lower part of the shell, 'where the ammonia liquid 1s coolest, is .taken out the returnpipe C, which extends up to and enters the top of the shell, as shown. Into the lower part of this pipe, through a suitable fitting, enters the nozzle c, through which the ammonia gas from pipe 4 is forced into the body of ammonia liquid with which the return pipe atl that point is filled. The actiony of this nozzle c is precisely that of the nozzle o 4in the condensercoil of Fig. 2. Communicatin with the bottom and top, of t-he condenser 1s another 'Vertical pipe It, on which are locatedv the valve controlled liquid ammonia outlet D', corresponding to the outlet D -of Fig. 2, and also, if preferred, the purge valve E. The outlet could be con nected. directly to the shell, but for conveniences'ake it is located on the pipe'h. The

level of the ammonia liquid in this form` of condenser ris indicated .at l. The mode of oper-ation of this apparat-us is substantially the same as that of the apparatus shown in Fig.l 2. The ammonia' gas is Injected in-`the return. pipe, and, the resultant 'circulates up through the/return pige into `the top of the shell, where itfmeets t e cold water tubes g,

liquid ammonia below, the liquid, as it cools', descending'to the level where it passes back into the plpe C" again, and the surplus liquid of condensation passing offv through the outlet D. In this form 'of condenser; the gasv jet niay be at the top of the return pipe, as

indicated by" dotted lines in Fig. 4, which represents the nozzle c as applied to the top return pipe, m position .to inject the gas into the p1pe in a downward direction. In this event the circulation of the ammonialiquid in the con-- denser will. be in a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4, and the supply of .fresh `cold liquid for the return pipe -tojmeet the enterlng gas will be drawn from the vtop instead of from the bot-tom of the condenser; otherwise the operation Awill be the same. t l

- A like modification can bemade in the coil condenser, as indicated in Fig. 5.' In

and passes down to join theabody of the this modiicatioluthe gas nozzle c enters a chamber c2 which -communicates with the top stretch A12 of the condenser coil, and has in advance of the nozzle, a conical tube c3 through which the contents of chamber o2 pass into the return pipe .C beyond. The arrangement is similar tothe steam nozzle and combining tube of an ejector for handling water. The ammonia gas is in,- jected through -nozzle c in jet form into the body of liquid in chamber 02, and is thereby condensed, the resultant, by the force of the jet, being driven 'through the combining tube c3 into the return pipe C below, the liquid in chamber c2 being constantly renewed by the supply drawn from the top stretch A12 of the condenser. The circula-- tion, which is inv practically a closed cycle,

iso from chamber 02 down through the return pipe C, and thence up through the condenser coil to the point of beginning, with provision, of course, as indicated at D, for taking off the liquid of condensation as it accumulates beyond the volume needed. The outlet D is located on the top stretch A12; and the liquid is supplied to the chamber c2 from the same stretch A12, where, under these conditions, the liquid willbe coldest. I would say, however, that this supply need not be taken in any case from absolutely the coolest portion of the liquid contents of the reservoir. For example, in the case of the condenser under consideration, lit may be taken from any part of the coil containing liquidpreferably where the liquid is still cool, the return pipe| being connected to the coil at` that point instead of to thej topmost stretch, the condenser remaining otherwise unchanged. And I desire to be understood as including any such obvious modiication in my claim.y It is best, however, in any case, to take the supply of liquid from as near the coldest point in the condenser as practicable, inasmuch as the cooler the body of. liquid into which the gas is injected, the more rapid and thorough will be the work of condensation.

In the modification shownjin 6, the condenser is a coil condenser. The gas injecting device is similar'to that in Fig. 5, comprising the gas nozzle c, the chamber 02, and the combining tube 03,' and it is applied to one end of the condenser coil, in this instance the lower end of the coil, being connected to the open. end of the bottomv in. Fig. 6 only that end of the condenser which differs from Fig. 5. In this modification the liquid, in its circulation from the gas injecting point, passes through the condensing coil before reaching the return pipe, instead of passing through the return pipe before reaching the condensing coil,l` as in the preceding figures. But in this, as in other modifications previously described, the condenser is one in which theliquid contents may circulate in practically a closed cycle; the gas' under pressure` from the pipe circuit embracing the condenser, refrigerating coil and compressor, or its equivalent, is injected, at an appropriate point, into the bodylof liquid contained in said condenser, whereby said gas is condensed, and a circulation of the contents of the condenser is set .up in a direction to constantly renew the body of liquid into which the gas is injected with a supply drawn from the part of they practical effect, I state in conclusion that I.

do not restrict myself to the particular structural de'tails hereinbefore setforth in illustration of my invention, since manifestly the same canlbewidely varied without departure from the spirit of the invention; but

lVhat I claim herein as new and desire to 4 secure by Letters Patent is as follows:

In a refrigerating or ice making plant in which arefrigerating coil and-a condenser are included in a pipe circuit with means for continuously withdrawing the expanded ammonia vapor from the refrigerating coil and returning it as vapor under pressure to the condenser, whence it passes, condensed and cooled, back to the refrigeratino coil, the combination of the following members, viz: the refrigerating coil; the condenser; forcing means adapted to draw the ammonia from the refrigerating coil and return it as vapor or gas under pressure to the condenser; the plpe circuit mcludln said refrigeratmg coil, condenser an means; an inlet nozzle and connections `through which the said ammonia gas from said forcing means is discharged under pressure -1nto the condenser;

uid passes ofi1 into the pipe circuit; locate at a point on the condenser which will mainforcing an outlet through which the condensed ammonia li -y densed liquid, whereby the liquid at the gas tain at the gas injecting point a, body of its supply drawn directly from the liquid con- 10 own liquid into which the ammonia drawn tents of the condenser, substantially as hereby the forcing means from the refrigerating inbefore set forth; j 'Y coil is injected as gas.y under pressure, and In test-imony whereof I ax my signature thereby condensed; and a connection leading in presence of two witnesses. directly to tbe gas injecting point from that THOMAS SHIPLEY. part of thefcondenser containing the con- Witnesses:`

j R. J. LOWELL, injecting point is constantly renewed by af E. GARDNER.

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