US1076810A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

A. BONOIVI.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATIoN FILED JAN. 24, 191s.

1,076,810.1 Patented o@1;.28,1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. BONOM.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 191s.

1,076,810. Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. BONOM.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 1913,

1,076,81G- Patented ()@t.2s,1913.

4 SHEETS-SHBET 3.

A. BONOM.

STEAM TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 1913.

1,076,810. Patented 0ct.28,1913.

4 BHEETSMSHBET 4.

@f6-mgm@ dll lill

LFBED BONOM, 0F PATEBSON, NEW JERSEY.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

vlipplication filed January 24, 1913. Serial'No. 743,969.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, ALFRED BoNoM, a citizen of the Republic of France, and a resident of Paterson, county of Passaic, and State ot' New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steam-Turbines, oi which the following is a specification, the principle of the invention being herein explained and the best mode in which l have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish/it from other inventions.

The present invention, relating as indicated to improvements in turbines, has more particular regard to 'the construction of steam turbines of the kind shown in Letters Patent No. 924,309, granted to me .l une 8, 1909. As in said patented turbine, the steam is designed to pass from one chamber to another through cylindrical, or rather annular, passages which increase in sise progressively from the point of admission ot the steam to Where it escapes trom the machine.

@ne ot the principal objects of the present invention is the provisiono means for reversibly operating a turbine oi the kind in hand.

A further object is to simplify the corr struction and assembly ot the machine so that its manufacturing cost may be decreased, and so that there Will be less lilielihood oi any derangement or the parts, While at the same time the machine is made as small and compact as possible, so as to require a. minimum 0i space for the production of a maximum of power.

The invention further comprehends improvements in various details, both in the turbine proper, in the connections for preventing the escape ot steam, and in the bearingstor supporting the rotating parts.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists oi the means hereinafter tally do scribed and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The annexed drawin and the following description set forth in detail certain mechanism embodying the invention, such dis-- closed means constitutin however, but one of various mechanical brins in which the principle et the invention may be used.

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ments; Fig. 2 is a. corresponding section showing the remainder of the same turbine,

these two figures complementing each other;

verse sectional views of the bearings for.

sup ort-in the several rotating parts of the tur ine, t e planes ot the various sections appearing in these ligures being indicated by the hnes fir- 4, 5*-5, 6-6 and 7--7, Figs. l and 2; Fig. 8 is a developed section ot a portion of the bearing appearing in Fig. 4, as indicated by the circular section line 8-8 in said Fig. 4C; Fig. 9 is similarly a developed section of a portion of the bearing ap aring in Fig. 6, as indicated by the eircu ar section line 9-9 in said figure; Figs. l() and 11 are sectional details of the clutch mechanism whereby the direction of rotation of the turbine ymay be changed from left to right, or right to left, as desired,

the planes ol these sections being indicated by the lines 10-l0 and 11-11, Fig. 1; Fig. l@ is a side elevational View of a portion ofi such clutch mechanism for changing the direction of rotation, as viewed from the lett in Fig. 11; Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are sec tional views of details of the clutch mechanism for holding stationary one or the other 0i the rotary parts of the turbine, the sections of said figures being indicated by the lines 13-13, idf-1d and 15-15 in Fig..2; and Figs. 16, 17 and 18 are sectionalv ythrough the machine, is supported at its respective ends in bearings 2 and 3 carried by trames 4 and 5, which may be ot' any suitable construction l'lsing from a base 6. The detailed construction ot these bearings will be set forth later. Supported upon the same base 6, and inclosing the rotary` parts of the turbine, is a cylindrical casing 7, the ends or heads 8, il, of which have substantially steamftight connection with the adjacent rotary parte and are reepec tively provided with steam supply connectis 9; While the drum or cylindrical portion ed said easing is connected with an ena lill haustopening 10, as will be readily understood. The rotary parts, or rotors as they may be properly termed, are two in number. One, the exterior rotor as I shall term it, is built up of a series of disks 11 con! Ahaving spaced inwardly directed disks. The

other, or interior, rotor is likewise built up of a series of disks 15 which extend radially outward between the disks 11 of the exterior rotor, the disks being carried by drum-like sections 16 held together by bolts 17, and non-rotatably secured to the, central shaft of the turbine by keys 18. Said sections of the interior rotor, and thus such rotor in its entirety, are further held against endwisemovement on the shaft 1 by locking rings or collars 19, as will be readily understood.

The llocation of the several disks of the exterior and interior rotor longitudinally of the axis of the turbine is such that the successive annular spaces or expansion chambers A, B, C, D and E formed between the opposing faces of said disks gradually in crease from either end of theturbine to the center, it being observed that the right and left halves of the turbine proper are substantial duplicates of each other, and cor- Vresponding designating characters are hence applied to the corresponding parts appearing in such two halves. l

Attached to the opposed dislrfaces of the interior and exterior rotor alternately are series of blades 20 and 21, respectively, the size and form of such blades lider-ing in the several annular spaces, but as these features, as well as the preferred arrangement of the blades, are fully shown by Figs. 1 and 2, taken in conjunction with the several sections appearing in Fig. 3, it is deemed unnecessar to give any detailed description ot sai blades. The general shape ot the individual blades there shown, it may' be added, is that` of the blade described and claimed in lU. S. Patent No. 1,027,309, granted to me May 29, 1912, and the method of attaching said blades to the rotor disks described in said patent may be advantageously employed in the present construction of turbine. lt is not meant to imply by the foregoing, however, that other forms et blades, or methods et rewriting the same, may not be employed vwith en is live in each of the succeeding chambers B, C, D and E.

The steam, or equivalent'pressure fluid, for operating the turbine is admitted at each end of the turbine through the supply connections 9 into an annular-steam chest 24 formed in the corresponding head 8 ofthe casing 7. This steam chest communicates through a series of openings 25 with the inner portion of the first A) of the annular spaces formed between t e opposing faces of the rotor disks. Thence the steam passes through such space to a chamber 'F connecting the firstof such annular spaces with the seco-nd, the steam being guided in its passage through such Erst lspace by the blades 20 on the one rotor disk so as to react against those 21 on the other, and thus cause rotation of the particular rotor which is tree to rotate, it being understood that one or the other of the rotors will be held stationary, and thus in effect be a stator, as will be presently explained. Passing 'into the second annular space B between the rotor disks, the steam is permitted to still further expand by reason of the increased cross-sectional area of this space, and in its passage through this space it is guided by the blades on the one rotor so as te react against the blades of the other, as in the preceding space, or expansion chamber. An annular chamber C, connects the inner portion or edge ot this second space B with the third space C through which the steam now passesradially outward to a third connecting chamber H; thence it returns radially inward through the fourth chamber D to a connecting chamber l, and iinally it passes radially outward through the ifth annular space into the last or'i'ifth chamber d, which opens into the annular space l vietiveen the exterior rotor and the surrounding druni or casing 7 of the turbine, which, as previously explained, is in communication with the exhaust.

rlie mechanism for securing one or the other ot the rotors against rotation as desired, thus constituting of the same in effect a stator, comprises simply a shiftable clutch member 26 located between the two bearings 3 and 14, at the lett ot the turbine, in which are journaled the ends of the central shat't 1 carrying the interior rotor and the corresponding hollow extension or outer tubular shaft carrying the exterior rotor; the teeth 2l' on said clutch member are adapted to engage with complementary teeth 28 and 29 on either two collars 3G and 31 carried by said shaft ends respec tively, said member 26 being slidable only a direction longitudine1l of the common ot said shafts, so the particular nor/alato shaft, the collar of which is engaged by said member, will be held against rotation, as will be obvious. Any lsuitable lever or a feed screw, as shown, may bel provided for shifting said clutch member. At the pposite end of the turbine the inner or central shaft 2, which carries the interior rotor, and the tubular shaft 13 surrounding the same, which carries the exterior rotor, terminate in closely adjacent vertical planes and are respectively provided with exterior lugs or teeth 32 and 33, similar to .gear teeth, such teeth forming part of the clutch mechanism for connecting either of said shafts as desired with the driving shaft 34C, by means of which power is communi j cated from the turbine to any machinery which it is desired to operate. 'lhe abut-- ting end of such driving shaft 34 is provided with lugs or teeth 35 similar to the clutch teeth on such lirst-named shafts, and

a sleeve 36 with interior teeth 37 is mounted' in slidable engagement with the teeth on said driving shaft. Said sleeve also has interior teeth 38 at its other end adapted to engage with the teeth 32 or 33 on either of the two shafts l or 13, depending upon the location of said sleeve longitudinally of the common axis of said shafts, it being understood that the sleeve remains at all timesin engagement with the driving shaft 3d. Ardjustment of the sleeve 36 to engage with the inner or outer shaft of the turbine is se- -*will be readily understood.

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will be evident from the foregoing description of the construction ofthe clutch mechanism at the respective ends of the turbine, that by rendering stationary one or the other of the two -rotors and connecting the driving shaft 3d with that rotor which is left free, such driving shaft may be rotated in either direction as desired, thus rendering the turbine strictly reversible. Such reversal, moreover, may be very quickly effected by a simple shifting of the two clutch members at the respective ends of the turbine, which shift-ino' may be edected simultaneously by a suitable arrangement of connecting gear.

ln order to obviate the necessity of packing the joint between the end disks of the exterior rotor and the stationary outer casing of the turbine, and the joint between such end disk of the outer rot-or and the adjacent disk of the inner rotor, as also between the latter and such outer casing, l

provide a series of annular dead air spaces between the opposing faces of the disk and end wall of the casing or the two disks as the case may be, three sets of such chambers being provided at each end of the turbine. These chambers are formed by a series of circular grooves d3 and complementary tongues da, which engage with each other, asl clearly shown in ligs. l and 2, although not so tightly as to produce any perceptible friction. Escape of steam through such passages, however, is practically impossible, and the little that does escape, in the case of the outer series of spaces, escapes directly into the exhaust chamber of the turbine li, While the inner series of such spaces are likewise' connected with this same exhaust chamber by means of radial pipes d5, as shown, leading from near the airis of the turbine to the chamber in question.

it remains to describe the details of the bearings for the rotor shafts, and particularly the special means provided for lubricating said bearings. its shown in Figs. l, 2, and 4t to 9, inclusive, each of the aforesaid bearings includes a sleeve or bushing d6 in which the corresponding shaft is directly journaled, said bushing having a series of spirally disposed grooves and slots a7, whereby oil received at a suitable point ony the exterior ofthe bushing willbe distributed entirely around the bearing. Such oil is designed to be supplied under pressure by pipes or ducts 48, the excess which escapes being collected by other chiots llt) leading from the upper side of the respective bearings. An Oiltight joint is formed bet-Ween the ends of the respective bushings d6 and the corresponding shafts by means of stepped collars, or flanges 50, fixedly secured on said shafts and snugly` abutting against the said bushings. In the case of the bearing 2 at the right-hand end of the turbine, as illustrated in Fig. l, the bushing 4G for the central shaft of the rotor is sup ported within the outer shaft-13, which in turn is journaled in a second bushinc 46 suitably held in the adjacent portion of the frame. rllhe oil for the inner bea-ring, that of the central shaft in inner bushing liti, is admitted to the grooves and slots l? in said bushing through other slots, or rather apertures 5l, in the outer, tubular shaft 13, as is best shown by Figs. ti and 9.

The general operation of the foregoing described mechanism, constituting my improved turbine, should be readily apparent from the descriptionalready given of its several component parts. The course of the steam, which is simultaneously admitted under relatively high pressure at both ends of the machine, follows the series of annular y expansion chambers A, ll, C, D and E, with their connecting chambers l?, G, ll and l, finally passing into the chamber d, from Sti lill@ vlli which it escapes, reduced to its minimum pressure, into the exhaust chamber K formed between the shell of the exterior rotor and the, outer casing of the machine. Each successive expansion chamber, it will be observed,l is of increased size or crosssectional area., being properly proportioned in the design of the turbine to the' increase in volume that accompanies'the decrease in pressure of the steam, or other pressure fluid, wherewith the machine is being operated. Depending upon the disposition of the holding-clutch member 26, either the interior or exterior rotor' will be caused to rotate by the force of the steam reacting on the series of blades in the several annular expansion chambers between the rotor-disks, the one rotating when thus free to operate, in one direction, while the other will turn in the opposite direction when the clutch member is shifted. The clutch at the other, or drivin end of the turbine,- will of course be shifte to connect the driving shaft with whichever rotor is being operated. Aside from the readiness with which my improved turbine may-be thus reversed in direction, it will be seen to be simple of construction, the several parts being readily assembled together and forming, in the assembled condition o-f parts, a compact,'so1id and powerful motor in very small compass.

Other modes of applying the principles of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanism herein disclosed,

rovided the means stated by any of the folowing claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention 1. In a turbine, the combination of a central shaft; spaced outwardly directed disks .carried by said shaft` and constituting an interior rotor; an exterior rotor surrounding said shaft. and carrying inwardly direc-ted disks alternating with the disks of said interior rotor, thespaces between the opposing disk-faces of said'interior and exterior rotors successively increasing in size from the intake to exhaust; alternat-in series of blades carried by such opposing diskfaces; means located at one end for retaining either of said rotors against rotation, as desired; a driving shaft at the other end; and means for connecting either of said rotors with saidvdriving shaft, as desired.

2. In a turbine, the combination of a central shaft; spaced outwardly directed disks carried by said shaft and constituting an interior rotor; an exterior rotor surrounding said shaft and carrying inwardly di rected disks alternating with the disks of said interior rotor, the spaces betweenvthe opposing disk-faces of said interior and ex terior rotors successively increasing in size invasie from the Arespective ends of the turbine to n a central transverse plane; connections for supplying pressure-fluid to the end spaces and for exhausting the same from the central spaces; alternati series of blades carried by suc-h opposing ish-faces; and means for retaining either of said rotors against rotation, as desired.

3. In a turbine, the combination of a central shaft.; spaced outwardly directed disks carried by said shaft and constituting an interior roter; an exterior rotor surroundin said shaft and carrying inwardly directe disks alternati with the disks of said interior rotor, sai exterior rotor being formed with tubular extensions at each end rotaa drum having tubular end eXtenslons rotatably mounted on said shaft and carrying inwardly directed disks alternating with the disks of said interior rotor; alternating series of blades carried by the opposing faces of said interior and exterior rotors; a driving shaft alined with yone end of said central shaft, a suitable clutch member adapted to connect either such end of said central shaft, or the corresponding end extension of said exterior rotor with said driving shaft, as desired; and annther shiftable clutch member adapted to engage the other end of said central shaft, or the corresponding endeXt-ension of said exterior rotor, as desired, and retain the same against rotation.

5. In a turbine; the combination of a central shaft; spaced, outwardly directed disks carried by said shaft and constituting an interior rotor; an exterior rotor comprising a drumhaving tubular end extensions rotatably mounted on said shaft and carrying inwardly directed disks alternating with the disks of said interior rotor; alternating series of blades carried by the opposing faces of said interior and exterior rotors; spaced bearings at one end of the turbine, respectively supporting one end of said shaft and the corresponding end extension of said exterior rotor; and a shiftable clutch member between said bearings adapted to engage said shaft orfend-eXtension, as desired, and retain the same againstrotation. Y

6. ln a turbine; the-combination of a centralshaft; spaced, outwardly directed disks carried by said shaft and eonstituting an interior rotor; an exterior rotor comprising a drumha-vin tubular end extensions rote-A tabiy mounte on said shaft and carrying inwardly directed disks alternating with the disks of said interior rotor; alternati' series' of blades carried by the opposing aces of said interior and exterior rotors; spaced bearings at one end of the turbine, respectively supporting one end ofY said shaft and exterior rotor; a bear-in su orti the correspondin end of sai shpft Wliihin said iastname end-extension; a drivin shaft alined lwith the end of the aforesai shaft thus supported in said last-named end-ex tension; 4and a shitable clutch adapted to connect said driving shaft and either said end-extension or corresponding shaft end su ported t erein; t

1gned by me, this 18th day of January, 1913.

Vmorsen BoNoM.

Attested by- D. T. Dnvms, CHRISTINE E. PIRNS.

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