US1072330A - Chemical apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

J. 0. HALVBRSON.

CHEMICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.19, 1912.

1,072,330. Patented sept. 2,1913.

Ffg. Z

I @Hammam @Mf JOI-IN O. HALVERSON, OF COLUMBIA, MISSOURI.

CHEMICAL APPARATUS.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 19, 1912.

.Patented Sept. 2, 1 9113.

Serial No. 726,788.

l 1o all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN O. HALvnnsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbia, in the county of Boone and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chemical Apparatus, of which the following is a specitication.

This invention relates to improvements in chemical apparatus, and particularly to test bottles adapted for carrying ont the Bab cock milk and cream test.

The object in view is the expeditious and accurate carrying out of the Babcock test with sweetened dairy products, and to this end the invention comprehends means for removal of the sugar from such products without the objectionable charring of the mass, as frequently occurs from the acid action with apparatus commonly in use.

rllhe invention more specifically involves a container, a graduated tubular extension therefrom, and a valved discharge for the container' disposed in such relation to said tubular extension as to enable the drawing off of the acid and sweetened liquid after centrifuging, without drawing ott' the cream or fat, and without causing the charred products to become commingled with the fat.

The invention more in detail comprehends an improved test bottle .mcdilied from the standard Babcock test bottle and de signed for the rapid and easy estinuition of fat in sweetened dairy products by the usual Babcock test, by the employment of a standard Babcock test bottle which has been improved by having fused thereto, at a point adjacent to the bottom of the bottle, a relatively small drain cock and having' a neck graduated at that side of the bottle correspending to that from which the cock pro jects.

The invention further comprises certain novel constructions, combinations and arrangements of parts as will hereinafter in part be set forth and in part become obvious and subsequently detailed in the appended claim.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure l is a view in side elevation of a structure embodying the features of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan view thereof.

The invention herein set forth and claimed is hereby dedicated to the public and may be used by the governu'ient of the United States or any of its o'lticers or employees in the prosecution of the work of the United States or by any other person without the payment of any royalty thereon.

Referring to the drawing in detail, B indicates the body of a standard YBabcock test bottle of a minimum capacity of forty-five cubic centimeters, say for instance a sixinch, thirty per cent. cream test bottle. The body B is forn'ied with a relatively thick bottom B adapted for withstanding pressure as high as fortydive pounds per square inch, and fused to the side of the body just above the bottom is a glass stop cock F, preferably of one millimeter bore, the tube (l, o'l the cock F being fused to the body .li at a point above the bottom a distance approximately eight millimeters and the tube o being disposed at an angle to the contiguous side of the bottle less than ninety degrees, so that said tube is disposed on an incline downwardly in an outward direction. The tube o of the cock F is preferably approximately thirtydive millimeters in length and should not exceed forty millimeters with a bottle whose body il possesses a capacity of forty-five cubic centimeters.

In the use of the standard Babcock test bottle of the ordinary type for testing milk or cream, the graduatious on the neck are, of course, proportioned to the quantity of substance to be tested as, for instance, ol all cream test bottles which give most accu rate readings, the nine gram, six and onchalf inch, or nine inch, ti'l'ty per cent. bottle, is largely preferred as it has a narrow neck and the percentage of butter :fat can be read more accurately. The graduated neck reads from zero to fifty per cent. on such standard test bottles, and has a capacity of live cubic centimeters. lin the testing of milk with such standard bottle, the proper relativo quantity of milk is usually .supplied to the bottle for enabling direct reading of the percentage of butter fat from such gradua tions, but it has been proposed that, instead of utilizing the fixed quantity of milk, a double quantity be supplied to the bottle, with the result that the slandardizalion ol" the gradualions is destroyed by being varied approximately one hundred per cent. so thatin order to read a test in such standard Babcock bottle, it is necessary to divide the actual reading by two. To obviate the necessity for such calculations, and avoid errors incidentthereto, the graduatio-ns on the present improved bottle are modified from such standard graduations so as to be susceptible of being read directly. That is to say, where the standard bottle is provided with graduations reading from zero to fifty, the present improved bottle is provided with graduations reading in the same range as such standard, from Zero to twenty-tive, so

that each point in the improved graduations, in fact, comprehends two points of the standard graduation, and therefore a double charge may be supplied to the bottle B and the resultant test, through the actual quantity of butter fat in the neck be doubled, may be read directly in percentage from the graduations N, as such graduations are arranged to indicate one-half of the valuation of the standard gradita-tions, and hence the direct reading of the graduations N will be accurate Vwhen a double charge is tested. am thus enabled to read the percentage of fat more closely and more accurately by virtue of the capacity for treatment of a double charge, and the further capacity of the direct reading thereof than is possible with the standard test bottle.

In practice, the present improved bottle is, of course, vsusceptible of many uses but is particularly designed for enabling the carrying out of the Babcock test in a satisfactoryand expeditious manner with sweetened diary products. n One illustrative test may beset forth in detail as follows:

lt being remembered that a standard six inch, thirty per cent.Y Babcock creamv test bottle is provided with a neck graduated for percentagereadings when a charge of nine grams is tested at a time, it will be apparent that with the same size test bottle embodying the present improvements, a charge of eighteen grams should be supplied so that the percentage indications on theV graduations of the improved bottle neck may be Vread directly and afford accurate reading. Thus, eighteen grams of ice cream may be supplied to a forty-five cubic centimeters bottle of the `present improved type, to which will be added slowly, charges of about three cubic centimeters each of sulfuric acid, while constantly rot-ating the mass, pausing between the additions of portions of acid for giving the acid time to act, after each addition.. The supply of acid is continued until an amber brown color is gradually built up, that is, a color approximating that of coffee containing cream. It will be found that from eight to ten cubic centimeters of acid will be required for attaining this result. After an amber brown color has been built up, the mixture is allowed to remain for a short pause, and before the solution becomes too dark, that is a blackish brown, from four to five cubic centimeters of cold water are added and the solution shaken to check the action of the acid.

When the solution has assumed the desired amber brown, after a slight pause, the solution is centrifuged for tive minutes, and immediately thereafter a su'liicient quantity is supplied to fill the receptacle `up to near the neck, and the solution is again centrifuged for two minutes. After the Vsecond whirling, the acid and all excess water possible are drained off by opening the stop cock F, except approximately from four to eight cubic centimeters, the receptacle being carefully tilted obliquely toward the cock for enabling the draining oif of the acid and water. Next sulfuric acid is added to the remaining solution in small portions until a dark brown or coffee black color is obtained, after which a mixture of equal parts of water and sulfuric acid is added unt-il the solution fills the receptacleA up to the neck. Then the solution is whirled for two minutes, and then the fat caused to rise in the neck after supplying sufficient quantity of hot water to thereceptacle for effecting this result, whereupon the solution is again whirled for a minute, Yor a few times, and the test is co-mplete, ready for reading. It is to be noted that if the process stated above has .been carefully carried out, prior to the aducts which have been preserved by formaldehyde, the process is the same as above stated except that at that stage where the solution containing the unpreserved product assumes an amber brown color, the solution containing the preserved product instead assumes a wine red color, which is the end point. Y

lt is to be observed thatV the inclination of the tube a insures effective centrifuging of liquid within the tube, the fat or other light substance moving up the incline away from the axis of rotation. The advantages of such inclination of the tube will be c-lear on considering the fact that if the tube were extended straight out, that is at right angles 12@ to the adjacent line of the side of the bottle, y the fat would collectL along the upperV portion of the tube under centrifugal action and would not be able to seek the neck of the bottle as no means of escape from the tube would be provided. v Y

Having thus described the invention,what is claimed as new is:

In a test bottle of the class described, the combination with a body, a fat receiving 13o In testimony whereof I aix my signature 1n presence of two witnesses.

JOHN O. HALVERSON.

neck therefor extending from the upper portion of the body7 and a drain cock connected with the body adjacent to the bottom thereof, and having the bore of the tube of the cock disposed at an incline, the inclination Witnesses: being upward from the outer portion of the J No. C. HoLLowAY, bore toward the body of the bottle. W. A. SHAW.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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