US1063520A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

J. B. ENTZ.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

'- APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11, 1910.

1,063,520. Patented June 3,1913,

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION IILEDY J N 11, 1910.

L53,520. Q Patented June 3,1913.

4 BHBETSSHEET 2.

J. B. ENTZ. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11 1910.

1,063,529. N Patented June 3,1913.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3.

J. B. ENTZ.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11, 1910.

Patentd June 3,1913.

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To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Jusros B, En'rz, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following i a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines, and particularly to engines of the four-cycle type.

One of the objects of the present invention is to improve the efliciency of internal combustion engines, and particularly to provide means whereby a larger per cent. of the burnt gases are expelled or exhausted from a cylinder, and whereby there is a more vigorous suction and a much greater volume of fresh gases drawn into .the cylinder than with the usual constructions of engines of this type.

A further object is to improve the construction and operation of. internal combus tion engines by simplifying the construction, by reducing the number of working parts, and by arranging and operating the parts that are employed, in a manner such that the wear and danger of the parts being broken or of getting out of order is minimized.

In arrying out my invention, I employ in the cylinder or cylinder casting an axially movable cylinder head which is provided with one or more ports for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, and

such that during the exhaust stroke of the piston, the piston and cylinder head move .toward each other, so as to leave only a small clearance space at the end of the exhaust stroke; and during the suction stroke, the piston and cylinder head move away from each other so as to provide at the end of the suction stroke a relatively large clearance space or combustion space between the piston and cylinder head. Preferably, a series of ports are provided in the side or side wall of the cylinder head, and these ports are placed alternately in comniunica tion with the exhaust and inlet openings in the cylinder casting, by means of a valve which, in the preferred embodiment of my invention is in the form of an axially mov-v Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 11, 1910. SeriaINo. 566,293.

Patented June 3-, 1913.

able cylindrical sleeve which moves within slightly in advance of the other so that during the exhaust stroke, and while the piston and cylinder head are moving toward each.

other, the valve extends below or on one side of the ports so that the latter are placed in communication with. the exhaust opening, and during the suction stroke and while the piston and cylinder head are moving away from each other, the valve which, at or near the end of the exhaust stroke moved over or to. the other side of the ports, places the latter in communication with the gas supply opening in the cylinder casting. At or near e end of the exhaust stroke, the ports, are momentarily closed by the valve and at or near the end of the suction stroke, the ports are closed preferably by the wall of that portion of the cylinder in which the cylinder head works or moves, and the ports then remain closed substantially throughout the compression and working or firing strokes.

comingin contact with the heated parts,

the gas has its temperature. raised and is therefore in good condition for ignition.

The invention may be further briefly summarized as consisting in certain novel details of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts which shall be described in the specification and set forth in the appended claims.

Although my invention may be embodied in internal combustion engines having any number of cyllnders, 1n the drawlngs I have shown avertical single cylinder engine.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with my incylinder head, and valve at the end of the suction stroke; Fig. (Us a similar view showing the relative positions of the piston, cylinder head and valve at the end of the compression stroke; and Fig. 7 1s a similar view showing the relative positions of the piston,

cylinder head and valve at the end of the working stroke.

Referring now to the figures of the draw ings, 10 represents the crank casing in which is journaled the main or crank shaft 11. which is provided with a crank 12 engaged in thefus'ual manner by a connecting rod 13.

' Connected to the crank casing 10 is a cylinrespectively.

der or cylinder casting 14 having the usual passageways 15 for the wateracket, and having a portion 16 provided with a cylindrical passageway or openmg wh1ch receives and in which slides the working piston 17 connected in the usual manner to the connecting rod 13.

The cylinder casting is provided near the end opposite to the crank casing with a portion 18 having a cylindrical opening or passageway which is slightly less in diameter than the diameter of that portion which receives the piston 17. Between the two cylindrical portions 16 and 18 of the cylinder casting is an annular groove 19, which, as will appear presently, forms part of the compression or combustion space and extending through the wall of the cylinder casting, opposite the annular groove 19, is a threaded opening 20 in which a spark plug is adapted to be screwed. The cylinder casting is provided also witha gas inlet opening 21, and with an exhaust or gas outlet opening 22, and these openings, it will be understood, may be connected in any suitable manner to supply and exhaust pipes Preferably, the casting has internal annulargrooves 23 and 24 located opposite the openings 21 and 22, these grooves serving to facilitate the flow of gases from and to the openings 21 and 22 respectively.

Arranged to slide in the cylindrical passageway of the portion 18 of the casting is a hollow cylinder head 25 which has a closed lower end and an open upper end 7 and is provided. with a stem 26 which extends axially of the cylinder. and out through an opening in the closed end 27 of the casting. Near the closed lower end of the cylinder head are a plurality of circumferentially spaced ports 28 for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder. As will appear presently, this movable cylinder head 25 will be actuated in a manner such that during the exhaust stroke of the piston, the cylinder head and piston move toward each other, the cylinder head being at. its lowermost position and being nearest the piston, at or approximately at the end of,

the exhaust stroke; and during the suction stroke which follows the exhaust stroke, the cylinder head and piston move away from each other, and at the end of the suction stroke, the lower end of the cylinder head is adjacent or slightly above the annular groove 19 which, as stated before, forms part of the compression or combustion space. During the exhaust and suction strokes of the piston the ports 28 are below the lower edge of thecylindrical passageway in the portion 18 of the casting, and

during the exhaust stroke, these ports permit the passage of gases from the cylinder,

and during the suction stroke permit thepassage of gases to the cylinder. During the compression and working strokes of the piston, the ports are, as will appear pres- T ently, above the lower edge of the cylindrical wall forming the'bearing for the movable cylinder head, and areclosed or sealed by said wall.

The ports are placed in communication with the inlet and outlet openings 21 and 22 y by means of a valve 29, which in this case,

is inthe form of an axially movable cylindrical sleeve extending into the hollow cylinder head 25. This valve or cylindrical sleeve 29 has, at one end, a cylindrical hearing portion 30 which slides or works on the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder head, and at its opposite'end has a bearing portion 31 which slides or works on a portion of the inner cylindrical surface of the part -18-of the cylinder casting. Between the bearing portions 30 and 31 at the ends of the valve is an annular passageway 32 by means of which the burnt gases may be carried from the ports 28 to the exhaust opening 22. The outer cylindrical portion of the valve member 29 is connected by means of a plurality of inwardly projecting arms to a hub portion 33 which is secured to a sleeve 34 which surrounds and is adaptinder head and valve may be given the proper movements relative to each other and to the piston, they are recipr'ocated at f a rate of speed such that each completes a stroke in the interval of time that the piston completes two strokes, but the valve is set in advance of'the cylinder head so that said parts do not move in unison or synchronism,

with the result that the cylinder head and valve move relatively to each other. In this case the cylinder head and valve are actuated by two half speed shafts Y35 and 36, each of which is provided with a gear 37 which engages a common gear 38 supported on a stud 39 mounted in the crank casing. .The gear 38 meshes with a gear 40 secured to the main shaft 11. These gears are so proportioned that the two shafts 35 and 36 will be driven simultaneously, and at one half the speed of the shaft 11.

Although the cylinder head and valve sleeve may be actuated from the shafts 35 and 36 by difierent mechanisms, as here shown. the following mechanism is employed: The stem 26 connected to the cylinder head and the sleeve 34 connected to the cylindrical valve sleeve are connected respectively to the centers or middle portions of,

two crossed or diagonally arranged beams 41 and 42, to the ends ofeachof which-are secured vertically movable plungers or rods, the two plungers connected to the ends of beam 41 being designated 43, and the two plungers connected to the ends of beam 42, being designated 44. The plungers pass through bushings 45 suitably arranged. in the top of the crank casinglO, and have at their lower ends yokes 46, in which blocks 47 are adapted to reciprocate or slide horizontally. The blocks which slide in the yokes at the lower ends of the two plungers 43 are connected respectively to two cranks 48, one on the half speed shaft35, and the otheron the half speed shaft 36, and the blocks which are adapted to slide in the yokes at the lower ends of the plungers 44, are connected respectively to cranks 49, one on the shaft 35, and the other oh the shaft 36. Thus, it will be seen that the rotation of the shafts 35 and 36 causes the movable cylinder head and sleeves to be reciprocated. Preferably, the cranks which actuate the plungers 44 connected to the movable valve 29 are set .in advance of the cranks which actuate the plunger 43 connected to the cylinder head, so that the valve will travel in advance of the cylinder head, and will complete its stroke toward the piston and will start on its return stroke away from the piston just before the cylinder head completes its stroke toward the piston.

By referring to Fig. 1, which shows the relative positions of the parts of the engine 'at the beginning of the suction stroke of the piston, it will be seen that the cylinder head and piston are near each other so that the clearance between these parts is small. and that the lower edge of the cylindrical valve is about the lower portions of the ports 28. With the parts in the positions shown in Fig. 1. the valve sleeve is traveling upward,

so as to uncover the ports 28 and the piston and cylinder head have started to move away from each other. The effective size .of the port openings is gradually increased until the end of the suction stroke, and during this stroke a large volume of fresh gas is drawn into the cylinder head, through the ports, and into the cylinder. The flow of gas which sweeps over the heated cylinder head, cools the cylinder head and other parts adjacent thereto, and the heat which is thus absorbed, places the gas in good condition for ignition. It will be seen that during the suction stroke, as the piston and cylinder head move away from each other, there will be a very vigorous suction, and a much larger volume of gas will be drawn into the cylinder than if the cylinder head were stationary. Throughout the suction stroke. the cylinder head and valve move away from the piston, and at the end of the suction stroke, or shortly after the end of this stroke, the ports pass above the lower edge of the cylindrical bearing surface for the cylinder head and are sealed. The relative positions of the piston, cylinder head and valve and valve at the end of'the suction stroke are shown in Fig. 5.

During the compression stroke which follows the suction stroke, the cylinder head and valve continue to move upwardly or away from the'piston and at the termination of the compression stroke, there is a relatively large clearance space or compression and combustion space bet-ween the piston and cylinder head, as is desired for receiving and effectively igniting a large volume of gas. The relative positions of the parts. at the end of the compression stroke are shown in Fig. 6. When the parts are in the positions shown in Fig. 6, the valve has completed its upward stroke and is moving downwardly, and the cylinder head has about completed its upward stroke. During the compression stroke, however. and during the working stroke. the ports are closed or sealed by the cylindrical wall forming the bearing for the cylinder head; but during the working stroke, the cylinder head and valve travel-downwardly or toward the piston and the bearing portion 30 of the valve passes below the ports. Between the working. and exhaust strokes, the ports are uncovered by passing below the lower edge of the cylindrical bearingsurface for the cylindrical head. and substantially throughout the exhaust stroke. the cylinder is placed in communication with the exhaust or outlet opening 22 by means of the portsand by the annular passageway 32 in the valve sleeve. i In Fig. 7 are shown the relative positions of the piston, cylinder head and valve at the end of the working stroke. and at the be ginning of the exhaust stroke. During the exhaust stroke the port openings are gradually closed by the valve, which, just prior to the end of the exhaust stroke, starts on its upward movement, and at the termination of the exhaust stroke, the valve momentarily closes the ports, and then during the suction stroke passes upwardly above the ports so as to place the latter in communication with the gas inlet opening 21, as before stated.

It will be noted that although the fresh gas is admitted through the same ports through which the exhaust gases are expelled, thus cooling the heated parts as before stated, still there is a separation of the incoming and exhaust gases so that no exhaust gases are drawn back into the cylinder.

As before stated, there is a very vigorous suction-and a large volume of fresh gas. is drawn into the cylinder, due to the fact that during the suction stroke, the cylinder head and piston are moving in opposite directions. The volume of gas supplied to the cylinder during the suction stroke is increased also by the movement of the cylinder head during the exhaust stroke. This is due to the fact that during the exhaust stroke. the cylinder head is moving downward so as to start the fresh gas moving toward the cylinder and to draw it down into the cylinder head. Then at the end of the exhaust stroke, the ports are uncovered and this moving gas is drawn rapidly into the cylinder by the action of the piston and cylinder head. It may be noted also as a further advantage of the construction above described, that at the beginning of the exhaust stroke there is a very quick opening of the ports for the exhaust or burnt gases, the ports being opened for the exhaust when the cylinder head and valve member are moving at substantially their maximum speed.

The relative movement between the cylinder head and valve is small, and conse-' quently there will be little friction between these parts. However, no trouble will arise due to the friction between them for the reason that they will be well lubricated by the oil which is expelled from the cylinder with the exhaust gases. Furthermore, the ports when closed have a double seal against leakage because of the valve sleeve and cylindrical wall which covers the ports.

It will be seen that the construction which I have provided is very simple; that a very small number of parts are employed; and that because ofthe cooperation of the piston and movable cylinder head; and the manner in which the gases are exhausted and supplied to the cylinder, the efficiency of the engine will be very high. Furthermore, the construction is such that none of the parts areliable to get out of order or be disarranged or broken, and consequently, the operation of the engine is very satisfactory, and the engine and all of its parts have long life.

It will be apparent that many modifications may be made in the details of construction and in the arrangements of parts, and also that the same construction which I have shown may be applied to any number of cylinders, which may be arranged horizontally, as well as vertically, or in any other position relative to the main shaft.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim is:

1. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable cylinder head in said cylinder, said cylinder head having a port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, and means for shifting said cylinder head so that a small clearance space is provided between the piston and cylinder head at the end of the exhaust stroke of the piston, and a relatively large clearance space is provided at the end of the compression stroke.

2. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable cylinder head working in the cylinder, said cylinder head having a port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, a valve cooperating with said port and controlling both the admission and exhaust, and means for shifting said cylinder head so that the piston and cylinder head move toward and then away from each other dur ing the exhaust and compression strokes of the piston respectively.

3. In combination, inan internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable cylinder head working in said cylinder and cooperating to provide a small clearance space at the end of the exhaust stroke, and a relatively large clearance space at the end of the compression stroke, said cylinder head having a port for the admission of gases to and exhaust of gases from the cylinder, a valve controlling the admission and exhaust through said port, and means for shifting said cylinder head and valve.

4. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, apiston and a movable hollow cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder head having a port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, a valve within said cylinder head and cooperating with said port, and means for shifting said cylinder head and valve so that a small clearance space and then a rel atively large clearance space is provided between the piston and cylinder head at the end of the exhaust and compression strokes of the. piston respectively and so that gases are withdrawn from and then supplied to the cylinder through said port during the exhaust and suction strokes respectively.

5. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a. cylinder, a piston and a movable hollow cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder head having a side port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, a valve working in said cylin der head and cooperating with said andmeans for shifting said cylinder der head move toward each. other and the gases are expelled from the cylinder through said port during the exhaust stroke of the piston, and so that said cylinder head and valve move away from each other and an eX; plosive charge is supplied to the cylinder through said port during the suction stroke of the piston. I

6. In combination in an internal combustion en 'ne, a shaft, a cylinder, a piston and a mova le hollow cylinder'head working in said cylinder, said cylinder head having a side port for the discharge of gases to and from the cylinder, a cylindrical slide valve working in said cylinder head and cooperating with said port, andmeans operatively connected to the shaft for shifting said cylinder head and said valve so that said piston and cylinder head move towardeach other.

and the gases are expelled from the cylinder through said port during the exhaust stroke of the piston and so that the piston and cylinder head move away from each other and an explosive charge is supplied to the cylinder through said port during'the suction stroke of the piston.

7. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a shaft, a cylinder, a pistonand a movable cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder head having a port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, an axially movable cylindrical slide valve in said cylinder head and 00 operating with said port, and means for re ciprocating said cylinder head and valve at substantially half the speed of the piston so that gases are expelled from the cylinder through said port during the exhaust stroke,

and a small clearance space is provided between the piston and cylinder head at the end of the exhaust stroke, and so that an explosive charge is en plied to the cylinder through said port during the suction stroke,

and a relatively large clearance space'is pro-.

vided between the piston and cylinder head at the end of the compression stroke.

8. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a-piston and a movable cylinder head working in'said cylinder, means for operating said cylinder head so that the latter/and the piston move toward each other and then away from each other during the exhaust and suction strokes of the piston respectively said cylinder head having a port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, said cylinder having portions which respectively close said port when the cylinder head reaches a certain position in its movement in one direction and uncover said port when the cylinder head ort, ead

and said valve so that said piston and cylin passes beyond that position in its movement in t e opposite direction.

' 9. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and "a movable cylinder head working in the cylinder, said cylinder head having a port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, and means for operating the cylinder head so that a small clearance space and then a relatively large clearance space isprovided between the piston and "cylinder head at the end of the exhaust and compression strokes respectively, the cylinder having a portion which closes the port'during'the compression and working strokes.

10. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder,a piston and a movable cylinder head working in the cylinder, said cylinder head having a port for the passage vof gases to and from the cylinder, means for operating the cylinder head so that a small clearance space and then a relatively large clearance space is provided between the piston and cylinder head at the end of the exhaust and compression strokes respectively, and so that the port will be closed-by the cylinder during the compres sion and working strokes," in' d" a-1valve cooperating with said port andp'ermitting the exhaust of gases from and supply of gases to the cylinder during the exhaust and suction strokes respectively, said cylinder hav ort when cal slide valve working in said cylinder head and cooperating with said ports, and means for operating said cylinder head and Valve so that the piston and cylinder head move toward each other and the gases are ex lled from the cylinder through said ports uring the exhaust stroke of the piston and so that the piston and cylinder head move away from each other, and an explosive charge is delivered to the cylinder through said ports during the suction stroke of the piston.

' 12. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable hollow .cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylindrical head having circumferentially spaced ports for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, a cylindrical slide valve working in said cylinder head and cooperating with said ports to control both the admission and the exhaust, and means for operating said cylinder head and valve so that the piston and cylinder head move toward each other and the gases are expelled from the cylinder through said ton.

13. In combination in an internal combustion en ine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable cy inder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder head having in its side wall 1 ports for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, a slide valve cooperating with said ports, and means for shifting said cylinder head and valve so that the piston and cylinder head move toward each other and gases are expelled from the cylinder through said ports during the exhaust stroke of the piston; the piston and cylinder head move away from each other and an explosive charge is delivered to the cylinder through said ports during the suction stroke of the piston; and so that theports are closed by the valve at the end of the exhaust stroke of the piston and are closed independently of the valve during the compression and working strokes'of the piston, said cylinder having a portion which closes the ports independently of the valve when the cylinder head reaches acertain position in its movement in one direction.

14. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder having supply and exhaust openings and said cylinder head having aport fol-the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, a slide valve cooperating with said port' so; ,"as to place it in communication with either the. supply or exhaust opening, and means for shifting 'said cylinder head and valve so that 'durin the exhaust stroke of the piston, the piston and cylinder head move toward each other and gases are expelled from the cylinder; during the suction stroke of the piston, the piston and cylinder head move away from each other and gases are supplied to the cylinder; during the compression stroke, the cylinder head moves in the same direction as during the suction stroke, andduring the working stroke the cylinder head moves in the opposite direction or in the same direction in which it moved duringthe exhaust stroke.

15. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder having su ply and exhaust openings and said cylin er head having a port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, a valve cooperating with said port so as to place it in communication with either the sup ly orexhaust opening, and means for shi ting said cylinder head and valve so that during the exhaust stroke of the piston, the piston and cylinder head move toward. each other and gases are expelled from thec ylinder; during the suction moves in the same direction as during the suction stroke, and during the working stroke the cylinder head moves in the opposite direction or in the same direction in which it moved duringcthe exhaust stroke, and so that the port is closed at substantially thegend of the exhaust stroke and is closed substantially throughout the compression and working strokes.

16. In'combin'ation in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder having su ply and exhaust openings and said cylin er head having a port for the passage of gases to and from the cylinder, a valve cooperating with said port and adapted to place the port in communication with either the supply or exhaust opening, and means for shifting said cylinder head and valve so that during the exhaust stroke of the piston the piston and cylinder head move toward each other and gases are expelled from the c linder; during the suction stroke of the piston the piston and cylinder head move away fromeach other and gases are supplied to the cylinder; during the compression stroke, the cylinder head moves in the same direction as during the suction stroke, and during the working stroke the cylinder head moves in the opposite direction or in the same direction in which it moved during the exhaust stroke, and so that the port is closed by the valve at substantially the end of the exhaust stroke and is closed independently of the valve substantially throughout the compression and working strokes, said cylinder having a portion which closes the port independently of the valve when the cylinder head reaches a certain position in its movement in one direction.

17. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable hollow cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder head having side ports, the ports being for the admission and exhaust of gases, an axially movable cylindrical slide valve in said cylinder head and cooperating with said ports so as to permit either the admission or exhaust of gases therethrough, and means for shifting said cylinder head and valve so that during the exhaust stroke of the piston the piston and cylinder head .move toward each other and the ports are open for the exhaust of gases from the cylinder; at substantially the end of the exhaust stroke, the ports are closed by the valve; during the suction stroke the piston and cylinder head move away from each other and the ports are open for the supply of gas to the cylinder; at substantially the end of the suction stroke, and substantially throughout the compression and working strokes, the ports are closed; during the compression stroke the cylinder head moves away from the piston; and during the working stroke the cylinder head moves toward the piston.

18. In combination in an internal com bustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable hollow cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder head having a port controlling the passage of gases to andfrom the cylinder, an axially movable cylindrical slide valve working in said cylinder head, and means for shifting said cylinder head and valve at substantially the same speed but one in advance of the other.

19. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston, and a movable hollow cylinder head working in said cylinder, said cylinder head having a port, an axially movable cylindrical slide valve in said cylinder head, and means for reciprocatingsaid cylinder head and valve so that the cylinder head and valve each pass through one cycle of movement in'the time required for the piston to pass through two cycles of movement, and so that the valve moves slightly inadvance of the cylinder head.

20. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder casting having a cylindrical opening or passageway, a portion of which is of one diameter and another portion of which is of smaller diameter, a piston working in the portion of larger diameter, and a movable hollow cylinder head working in the portion of smaller diameter, said cylinder head having a port through which gases may pass when the portion of the cylinder head having the port projects beyond its bearing or working surface.

21. In combination in an lnternal combustion engine, a cylinder casting having a passageway, a portion of which is of one diameter and another portion of which is of a smaller diameter,a piston working in the portion of larger diameter, and a movable cylinder head working in the portion of smaller diameter, said cylinder head having a port through-which gases mayspass'when the portion of the cylinder head having the port projects beyond thje bearing or working surface for the cylinder head, and

an axially movable valve bearing or working on the inner surface of the cylinder head,

22. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder casting having a cylindrical passageway, a portion of which is of one diameter and another portion of which is of smaller diameter, a piston working in. the portion of larger diameter, and a movable hollow cylinder head working in the portion of smaller diameter, said cylinder head having in its side wall a port for the passage of gases, and an axially movable cylindrical valve coiiperating with said port and having a portion bearing on the inner surface of the cylinder head, and a portion bearing on the inner cylindrical wall of the cylinder casting, a shaft connected to the piston, and mechanism driven by said shaft for reciprocating the cylinder head and valve.

23. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a movable cylinder head working in diiferent portions of the cylinder, and independently of each other, the cylinder head having ports for both the admission and exhaust of gases, part of said cylinder covering and closing the ports whenthe cylinder head reachesa certain position .in its movement in one direction and the portion of the cylinder adjacent to said part uncovering the port when the cylinder head passes beyond that position when moving in the opposite direction.

24. In combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and a cylinder head, both working in the c linder and in different port-ions thereof, t e cylinder head having ports and the cylinder having portions of two different diameters, which portions respectively cover and uncover said ports during the movements of the cylinder head, said ports being for the admission and exhaust of gases to and from the cylinder, and means cooperating with said ports to control the admission and exhaust.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix my signaturein t e presence of two witnesses.

J USTUS B. ENTZ. Witnesses:

- H. R. SULLIVAN,

- A. F, Kwls.

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