US10627933B2 - Display apparatus - Google Patents
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- US10627933B2 US10627933B2 US15/287,075 US201615287075A US10627933B2 US 10627933 B2 US10627933 B2 US 10627933B2 US 201615287075 A US201615287075 A US 201615287075A US 10627933 B2 US10627933 B2 US 10627933B2
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a display apparatus with a touch detection function capable of detecting an externally-approaching object.
- a touch detection device which is so called touch panel capable of detecting an externally-approaching object has been attracted attention.
- a touch panel is mounted on a display apparatus such as a liquid crystal display apparatus or integrated with a liquid crystal display apparatus so as to be provided as a display apparatus with a touch detection function.
- a touch panel enabled to use for example, a pen
- a pen By enabling the touch panel to use a pen, for example, a small area can be assigned or hand-written characters can be input.
- Various techniques to detect the touch by a pen are known.
- an electromagnetic induction system is known. In the electromagnetic induction system, high accuracy and high handwriting pressure detection accuracy can be achieved, and a hovering detection function in a state in which an externally-approaching object is separated from the touch panel surface can be also achieved, and therefore, the system is a leading technique as the technique to detect the touch by a pen.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H10-49301
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-352572
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-163745
- a touch detecting device capable of detecting a finger, etc., as the externally-approaching object is known.
- an object to be detected is different from the pen, and therefore, a system different from the electromagnetic induction system is employed for the touch detection technique.
- systems of detecting optical change, resistance value change, or electric field change, caused by the finger touch, etc. are cited.
- a capacitive system utilizing a capacitance is cited. This capacitive system has a relatively simple structure and less power consumption, and therefore, is used for a portable information terminal, etc.
- a system As the electromagnetic induction system, a system is cited, the system of mounting a coil and a capacitor on a pen, generating a magnetic field in a touch panel, charging magnetic energy in the capacitor mounted on the pen, and detecting the magnetic energy in the touch panel.
- This system requires a sensor plate that generates the magnetic field in the touch panel and that receives the magnetic energy from the pen.
- a price (a production cost) of the display apparatus with the touch detection function increases.
- the touch panel requires an electrostatic electrode for detecting the capacitance change. Therefore, the price increases.
- the electromagnetic induction system is suitable for the touch detection by the pen and that the capacitive system is suitable for the touch detecting by the finger.
- the touch panel used by the electromagnetic induction system and the touch panel used by the capacitive system are achieved by a layer in the display apparatus in order to suppress the increase in the price.
- a wiring formed by the layer of the display apparatus has a higher resistance and a larger parasitic capacitance than those of the sensor plate, which results in deteriorating the detection characteristics.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe the touch detection device using the electromagnetic induction system. However, a technique capable of both of the touch detection by the pen and the touch detection by the finger is neither described nor recognized therein.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a display apparatus with a touch detection function capable of improving detection characteristics.
- a display apparatus includes: a pixel array having a plurality of pixels arranged into a matrix formation; a plurality of signal lines arranged along columns in the pixel array and supplying an image signal to a plurality of pixels arranged in the respective columns; and a plurality of drive electrodes arranged in parallel with each other in the pixel array and supplying a drive signal to a plurality of pixels when an image is displayed.
- a magnetic field drive signal for generating the magnetic field is supplied to a first wiring arranged in the pixel array, and the magnetic field from the externally-approaching object is detected by a second wiring intersecting with the first wiring when seen when seen in a plan view.
- the magnetic field from the externally-approaching object When the magnetic field from the externally-approaching object is detected by supplying the magnetic field drive signal to the first wiring to generate the magnetic field, and then, using the same first wiring, a voltage at the first wiring still changes depending on the resistance value and the parasitic capacitance of the first wiring even when the supply of the magnetic field drive signal stops. Therefore, it is required to delay a timing of the detection of the magnetic field from the externally-approaching object.
- the magnetic field from the externally-approaching object is detected by using the second wiring different from the first wiring, and therefore, it is not required to delay the timing of the detection. Accordingly, long detection time for the touch detection can be prevented, so that the detection characteristics can be improved. While the magnetic field from the externally-approaching object becomes weaker as time further elapses, it is not required to delay the timing of the detection, and therefore, a strong magnetic field can be detected, the detection accuracy can be improved, and the detection characteristics can be improved.
- a display apparatus includes: a first glass substrate having a first main surface; a liquid crystal layer whose transmittance changes depending on a potential; and a second glass substrate having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface of the first glass substrate across the liquid crystal layer.
- a plurality of signal lines and a plurality of drive electrodes are arranged on the first main surface of the first glass substrate.
- the plurality of signal lines are parallel with each other and extend in a first direction on the first main surface of the first glass substrate when seen in a plan view
- the plurality of drive electrodes are parallel with each other and are electrically insulated from the plurality of signal lines on the first main surface of the first glass substrate when seen in a plan view.
- On the first main surface of the second glass substrate a plurality of detection electrodes are arranged. The plurality of detection electrodes are arranged to be parallel with each other and intersect with the plurality of drive electrodes on the first main surface of the second glass substrate when seen in a plan view.
- the display apparatus includes: a drive circuit that supplies a drive signal to a first coil when the externally-approaching object is detected by using the magnetic field, the first coil being formed of a plurality of first drive electrodes among the plurality of drive electrodes; and a detection circuit that detects a signal change at a second coil when the externally-approaching object is detected by using the magnetic field, the second coil being formed of a plurality of first detection electrodes among the plurality of detection electrodes.
- the number of wirings (detection electrodes) arranged on the first main surface of the second glass substrate is smaller than the number of wirings (signal lines and drive electrodes) arranged on the first main surface of the first glass substrate. Therefore, a parasitic capacitance between the detection electrode arranged on the first main surface of the second glass substrate and other wiring is small. This manner can prevent deterioration of the signal change at the second coil caused by the magnetic field from the externally-approaching object.
- a combined resistance can be reduced by, for example, an auxiliary electrode, and therefore, a strong magnetic field can be generated on the first main surface of the first glass substrate.
- the string magnetic field can be generated by the first coil, and the deterioration of signal change can be reduced by the second coil, and therefore, the detection characteristics can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a relation between a pen and an electronic apparatus having a display apparatus;
- FIG. 2A to 2D are explanatory diagrams each showing a principle of an electromagnetic induction system
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of the display apparatus
- FIGS. 4A to 4C are explanatory diagrams each showing a principle of a capacitive system
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a display apparatus according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a configuration of a module on which the display apparatus according to the first embodiment is mounted;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of the display apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a display area of the display apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the display apparatus according to the first embodiment obtained in magnetic field touch detection
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the display apparatus according to the first embodiment obtained in electric field touch detection
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the display apparatus according to the first embodiment obtained in magnetic field touch detection
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the display apparatus according to the first embodiment obtained in electric field touch detection
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a configuration of the display apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are cross-sectional views in a B-B′ cross section and a C-C′ cross section in the plan view shown in FIG. 13 ;
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are plan views each showing a configuration of a detection electrode in the display apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are plan views each showing a configuration of a display apparatus according to a modification example of the first embodiment
- FIG. 17 is a plan view of the display apparatus according to the modification example of the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a partial plane of the display apparatus according to the modification example of the first embodiment
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a display apparatus according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a signal line selector and a switching circuit in the display apparatus according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 21 is a plan view showing a configuration of the display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the switching circuit in the display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a switching drive circuit in the display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a detection control circuit in the display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view showing a configuration of the display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a switching amplification circuit in the display apparatus according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 27 is a plan view showing a configuration of the display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 28A and 28B are cross-sectional views in an E-E′ cross section and an F-F′ cross section in FIG. 27 ;
- FIGS. 29A to 29G are waveform charts each showing an operation of the display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 30A to 30C are explanatory diagrams each explaining magnetic field touch detection according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 31 is a plan view showing a configuration of a display apparatus according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a plan view showing arrangement of a signal line in the display apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 33 is a plan view showing arrangement of a detection electrode in the display apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 34 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a switching control drive circuit in a display apparatus according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a switching control drive circuit in the display apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- liquid crystal display apparatus with a touch detection function as an example as a display apparatus with a touch detection function.
- the display apparatus is not limited to this, and an OLED display apparatus with a touch detection function is also applicable.
- a first embodiment provides a liquid crystal display apparatus with a touch detection function (which is also simply called liquid crystal display apparatus or display apparatus in this specification) capable of detecting both of a touch by a pen and a touch by a finger.
- a touch detection function which is also simply called liquid crystal display apparatus or display apparatus in this specification.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a relation between a pen and an electronic device having a display apparatus.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D are explanatory diagrams for explaining the principle of the electromagnetic induction system.
- the electronic device includes a liquid crystal display apparatus 1 housed in a metallic cover, a light guiding plate, and a magnetic sheet.
- This drawing schematically shows a cross section of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 .
- the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 includes a thin film transistor (TFT) glass substrate (first substrate or first glass substrate) TGB, a sensor layer stacked on the TFT glass substrate TGB, a color filter, and a CF (color filter) glass substrate (second substrate or second glass substrate) CGB.
- TFT thin film transistor
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the coil embedded in the pen as a pen internal coil L 1 .
- the pen internal coil L 1 (hereinafter, also simply called coil L 1 ) and a coil formed of a sensor layer are coupled to each other by a magnetic field.
- the coil formed of the sensor layer is omitted, the coil formed of the sensor layer is explained as a coil L 2 for convenience of the explanation.
- FIG. 1 Although omitted in FIG. 1 in order to schematically show the structure of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 , note that, for example, a liquid crystal layer not shown is sandwiched between the TFT glass substrate TGB and the color filter substrate.
- the light guide plate is arranged so as to be sandwiched between the magnetic sheet and the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 , and is fixed with a fixing portion.
- the pen approaches the electronic device, so that the coil L 1 approaches the coil L 2 formed of the sensor layer. Accordingly, magnetic coupling between the coil L 1 and the coil L 2 occurs, and the approach of the pen is detected.
- FIG. 2A shows a state in which the coil L 2 generates a magnetic field
- FIG. 2B shows a state in which the coil L 1 generates a magnetic field.
- the coil L 2 and a pen internal capacitative element (hereinafter, may be also simply called a capacitative element) “C” are connected in parallel to each other to configure a resonance circuit.
- a single-winding coil formed of the sensor layer is shown as an example of the coil L 1 and has a pair of terminals.
- one terminal PT of the coil L 2 is connected to output of a transmitting amplifier AP 1 for a predetermined time as shown in FIG. 2A .
- the terminal PT of the coil L 2 is connected to input of a receiving amplifier AP 2 for a predetermined time as shown in FIG. 2B .
- the other terminal of the coil L 2 is connected to a ground voltage Vs in touch detection as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B .
- FIGS. 2C and 2D are waveform charts showing the operation in touch detection. Each horizontal axis of FIGS. 2C and 2D represents the time, FIG. 2C shows a waveform of the output of the transmitting amplifier AP 1 , and FIG. 2D shows a waveform of the output of the receiving amplifier AP 2 .
- a transmission signal IN changing periodically is supplied to the input of the transmitting amplifier AP 1 .
- the transmitting amplifier AP 1 supplies a drive signal ⁇ 1 changing periodically in accordance with changes of the transmission signal IN to one terminal PT of the coil L 2 for a predetermined time (magnetic field generation period) TG as shown in FIG. 2C .
- the coil L 2 generates the magnetic field in accordance with this drive signal ⁇ 1 .
- the line of magnetic force at this time is shown as ⁇ G in FIG. 2A .
- the line of magnetic force ⁇ G is generated so as to center the winding wire of the coil L 2 , and thus, the magnetic field on the inner side of the coil L 2 is enhanced.
- the coil L 1 approaches the coil L 2 and a center axis LO of the coil L 1 is inside the coil L 2 as shown in, for example, FIG. 2A
- the line of magnetic force of the coil L 2 reaches the coil L 1 . That is, the coil L 1 is arranged inside a magnetic field generated in the coil L 2 , so that the coil L 1 and the coil L 2 are magnetically coupled.
- the coil L 2 generates a magnetic field changing periodically in accordance with changes of the drive signal ⁇ 1 .
- an induced voltage is generated in the coil L 1 by the action of mutual induction between the coil L 1 and the coil L 2 .
- the capacitative element C is charged by the induced voltage generated by the coil L 1 .
- the one terminal PT of the coil L 2 is connected to the input of the receiving amplifier AP 2 for a predetermined time (a magnetic field detection period) TD.
- a magnetic field detection period TD if the capacitative element C has been charged in the previous magnetic field generation period TG, the coil L 1 generates a magnetic field by the charge charged in the capacitative element C.
- FIG. 2B shows the line of magnetic force of the coil L 1 generated by the charge charged in the capacitative element C as ⁇ D.
- the capacitative element C is charged in the magnetic field generation period TG, and the line of magnetic force ⁇ D of the coil L 1 reaches the coil L 2 in the magnetic field detection period TD.
- the resonance circuit is configured by the coil L 1 and the capacitative element C, and thus, a magnetic field generated by the coil L 1 changes in accordance with the time constant of the resonance circuit.
- an induced voltage is generated in the coil L 2 .
- a signal changes at the one terminal PT of the coil L 2 .
- the change of the signal is input into the receiving amplifier AP 2 as a detection signal ⁇ 2 in the magnetic field detection period TD, is amplified, and is output as a sensor signal OUT from the receiving amplifier AP 2 .
- the capacitative element C is not charged or the amount of charge to be charged decreases in the magnetic field generation period TG.
- the line of magnetic force ⁇ D of the magnetic field generated by the coil L 1 does not reach the coil L 2 , or the line of magnetic force ⁇ D which has reached becomes weak, in the magnetic field detection period TD.
- the detection signal ⁇ 2 at the one terminal PT of the coil L 2 does not change, or the signal change is small, in the magnetic field detection period TD.
- FIGS. 2C and 2D shows both of a state in which the coil L 1 approaches the coil L 2 and a state in which the coil L 1 does not approach the coil L 2 . That is, the state in which the coil L 1 does not approach the coil L 2 is shown on the left side of each of FIGS. 2C and 2D , and the state in which the coil L 1 approaches the coil L 2 is shown on the right side thereof.
- the detection signal ⁇ 2 does not change in the magnetic field detection period TD (without the pen) shown on the left side
- the detection signal ⁇ 2 changes in the magnetic field detection period TD (with the pen) shown on the right side.
- the touch by the pen can be detected by determining the case of change of the detection signal ⁇ 2 to be a case with the pen, and determining the case of no change of the detection signal ⁇ 2 to be a case without the pen.
- FIG. 2 shows the determinations of the cases with and without the pen
- the value of the detection signal ⁇ 2 changes depending on the distance between the coil L 1 and the coil L 2 , and thus, the distance between the pen and the sensor plate or a pen pressure of the pen can be also determined.
- the terminal PT of the coil L 2 When the terminal PT of the coil L 2 is switched from the output terminal of the transmitting amplifier API to the input terminal of the receiving amplifier AP 2 , note that the terminal PT of the coil L 2 is kept in a floating state for a predetermined time until the energy charged in the coil L 2 formed of the sensor layer is discharged, and the terminal PT is connected to the input terminal of the receiving amplifier AP 2 after an elapse of a predetermined time.
- an output signal from the receiving amplifier AP 2 changes in the magnetic field detection period TD.
- the output signal from the receiving amplifier AP 2 does not change in the magnetic field detection period TD. That is, by the output signal from the receiving amplifier AP 2 , it can be detected whether or not the pen touches the vicinity of the coil L 2 formed of the sensor layer.
- the pens pressure can be also determined from the value of the output signal from the receiving amplifier AP 2 .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 .
- FIG. 3A is a plan view schematically showing a plane section the liquid crystal display apparatus 1
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross-section of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 .
- FIG. 3B a cross section of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is shown in more detail.
- TL( 0 ) to TL(p) represent drive electrodes formed of a layer on a first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB (first glass substrate).
- RL( 0 ) to RL(p) represent detection electrodes formed of a layer on a first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB (second glass substrate).
- the TFT glass substrate TGB has the first main surface TSF 1 and a second main surface TSF 2 opposite to the first main surface TSF 1 ( FIG. 3B ).
- a plurality of layers are formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- FIG. 3 shows only the layer in which the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are formed.
- the CF glass substrate CGB also has the first main surface CSF 1 and a second main surface CSF 2 opposite to the first main surface CSF 1 ( FIG. 3B ).
- FIG. 3 shows only the layer in which the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 are formed.
- the TFT glass substrate TGB and the CF glass substrate CGB are shown so as to be separated from each other.
- the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB and the second main surface CSF 2 of the CF glass substrate CGB are arranged so as to be opposite to each other across the liquid crystal layer.
- FIG. 3B a plurality of layers, the liquid crystal layer, etc., are sandwiched between the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB and the second main surface CSF 2 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- FIG. 3 shows only the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(n+2), a liquid crystal layer, and a color filter sandwiched between the first main surface TSF 1 and the second main surface CSF 2 .
- the plurality of detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) and a polarizing plate are arranged as shown in FIG. 3A .
- FIG. 3B only the detection electrode RL(n) out of the plurality of detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) is shown as an example of the detection electrodes.
- the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 is described so that its state viewed from the main surface CSF 1 and TSF 1 side of the CF glass substrate CGB and the TFT glass substrate TGB is as a plan view as shown in FIG. 3B . That is, when seen in a plan view, a case viewed from the main surface CSF 1 and TSF 1 side of the CF glass substrate CGB and the TFT glass substrate TGB is described. Therefore, although it is described that the detection electrode and the polarizing plate are arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 side of the CF glass substrate CGB, the detection electrode and the polarizing plate are arranged on, for example, the right side, left side, or lower side of the CF glass substrate CGB by changing the view direction.
- a reference character “ 13 ” denotes an amplifying circuit connected to the detection electrode RL(n).
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) extend in a row direction (horizontal direction) and are arranged in parallel with each other in a column direction (vertical direction) on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB as shown in FIG. 3A .
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) extend in the column direction (vertical direction) and are arranged in parallel with each other in the row direction (horizontal direction) on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB as shown in FIG. 3A .
- the CF glass substrate CGB, the liquid crystal layer, etc. are interposed between the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p). Therefore, the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) intersect with each other when seen in a plan view but are electrically insulated from each other.
- a capacitance is provided between the drive electrode and the detection electrode. Therefore, in FIG. 3B , this capacitance is shown by a broken line as a capacitive element. Note that the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are separated from each other, and the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are also separated from each other.
- a drive signal for display (display drive signal) is supplied in the display, and a drive signal for touch detection is supplied in the touch detection by the finger.
- the touch by the finger is detected by using an electric field
- the touch by the pen is detected by using a magnetic field (see FIGS. 1 and 2 ). Therefore, in the present specification, the touch detection using the magnetic field is called magnetic field touch detection, and the touch detection using the electric field is called electric field touch detection.
- the drive signal for touch detection is supplied to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) also in the magnetic field touch detection. Therefore, to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p), respective drive signals are supplied in the display, the electric field touch detection, and the magnetic field touch detection.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are commonly used in (shared among) the display, the electric field touch detection, and the magnetic field touch detection. From the viewpoint of the common use, each of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) can be regarded as a common electrode.
- a drive signal Tx for electric field is supplied to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p).
- a signal whose voltage changes periodically is supplied as the drive signal Tx to a drive electrode selected so as to detect the touch, and, for example, a predetermined fix voltage is supplied as the drive signal Tx to a drive electrode selected so as not to detect the touch.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are sequentially selected in, for example, this order.
- 3A shows a state in which a signal whose voltage changes periodically is supplied to a drive electrode TL( 2 ) as a drive signal Tx( 2 ), and, for example, the drive electrodes are sequentially selected from the drive electrode TL( 0 ) to the drive electrode TL(p), and the dive signal whose voltage changes periodically is supplied thereto.
- a predetermined fix voltage or a voltage corresponding to an image to be displayed is supplied as a display drive signal to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p).
- TL( 0 ) to TL(p) indicate the drive electrodes shown in FIG. 3
- RL( 0 ) to RL(p) denote the detection electrodes shown in FIG. 3
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) extend in the row direction, and are arranged in parallel with each other in the column direction.
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) extend in the column direction so as to intersect with the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p), and are arranged in parallel with each other in the row direction.
- the liquid crystal layer, etc. is arranged between the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) and the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) as shown in FIG. 3B .
- reference characters “ 12 - 0 ” to “ 12 - p ” schematically show unit drive electrode drivers.
- drive signals Tx( 0 ) to Tx(p) are output.
- Reference characters “ 13 - 0 ” to “ 13 - p ” schematically show unit amplifying circuits.
- a pulse signal surrounded by a circle with a solid line shows the waveform of the drive signal Tx supplied to the selected drive electrode.
- a finger FG is shown as the externally-approaching object.
- a pulse signal is supplied as the drive signal Tx( 2 ) from the unit drive electrode driver 12 - 2 to the drive electrode TL( 2 ).
- Tx( 2 ) which is a pulse signal
- an electric field is generated between the drive electrode TL( 2 ) and a detection electrode RL(n) intersecting with the drive electrode TL( 2 ) as shown in FIG. 4B .
- the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the charge amount.
- the charge amount increases (increases upward in this drawing).
- the charge amount increases (increases downward in this drawing).
- the increased charge amount changes depending on the touching/non-touching by the finger FG.
- the charge amount is reset after the upward increase and before the downward increase.
- the charge amount is reset after the downward increase and before the upward increase. In this manner, the charge amount changes upward and downward based on the reset charge amount.
- a signal changes at the detection electrode RL(n) in response to the touch.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are sequentially selected, and the drive signals Tx( 0 ) to Tx(p), which are pulse signals, are supplied to the selected respective drive electrodes, so that the plurality of respective detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) intersecting with the selected drive electrodes output the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p) that have voltage values obtained depending on whether or not the finger FG touches the position close to the respective intersects.
- each of the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p) is sampled and is converted into a digital signal through an analog/digital conversion unit. A signal processing is performed to the converted digital signal, so that the coordinates of the touched position can be extracted.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 includes a display panel (liquid crystal panel) 2 , a signal line selector 3 , a display control device 4 , a gate driver 5 , and a touch control device 6 .
- the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 also includes a switching drive circuit (drive circuit, first switching circuit) SC-L, a switching drive circuit SC-R, a detection control circuit SR, and a switching amplification circuit SC-D&.
- the display panel includes a display area (display portion) where the display is performed and a peripheral area (peripheral portion). From the viewpoint of the display, the display area is an active area, and the peripheral area is a non-active area.
- a reference character “ 2 ” is shown as the display area (active area).
- the display panel 2 has a pixel array LCD in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix form.
- a plurality of signal lines, a plurality of drive electrodes (first electrodes), a plurality of scanning lines, and a plurality of detection electrodes (second electrodes) are arranged in the pixel array LCD.
- the signal line is arranged in each column of the pixel array LCD
- the drive electrode is arranged in a row of the pixel array LCD
- the plurality of scanning lines are arranged in each row of the pixel array LCD
- the detection electrode is arranged in each column of the pixel array LCD.
- the signal lines extend in a vertical direction (column direction) and are arranged in parallel in a horizontal direction (row direction).
- the drive electrodes extend in the horizontal direction and are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction.
- the scanning lines extend in the horizontal direction and are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and the detection electrodes extend in a vertical direction and are arranged in parallel in a horizontal direction.
- a pixel is arranged in a portion where a signal line and a scanning line intersect.
- pixels are selected by signal lines and scanning lines, the voltage of the signal line and the voltage of the drive electrode at that time are applied to the selected pixels, and the selected pixels produce a display in accordance with a voltage difference between the signal line and the drive electrode.
- the display control device 4 includes a control circuit D-CNT and a signal line driver D-DRV.
- the control circuit D-CNT receives a timing signal supplied to an external terminal Tt and image information supplied to an input terminal Ti, forms an image signal Sn in accordance with the image information supplied to the input terminal Ti, and supplies the image signal Sn to the signal line driver D-DRV.
- the signal line driver D-DRV supplies the supplied image signal Sn to a signal line selector 3 in the display in a time-division mode.
- the control circuit D-CNT also receives a timing signal supplied to the external terminal Tt and a control signal SW from the touch control device 6 to form various control signals.
- control signals formed by the control circuit D-CNT there are selection signals SEL 1 , SEL 2 supplied to the signal line selector 3 , a synchronizing signal TSHD, a magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN, a control signal TSV whose voltage changes periodically, a control signal T-CNT related to touch detection, a coil clock signal CLK, and others.
- the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 is configured so that the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection are possible.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is an enable signal indicating the execution of the magnetic field touch detection.
- This magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN becomes, for example, at a high level in the magnetic field touch detection and at a low level in the electric field touch detection.
- the synchronizing signal TSHD is a synchronizing signal that identifies a period (display period) in which the display is performed in the display area 2 and a period (touch detection period) in which the touch detection is performed. When the synchronizing signal TSHD shows the display period, the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN becomes at the low level.
- the control circuit D-CNT generates the coil clock signal CLK whose voltage changes periodically in the magnetic field touch detection, and generates the control signal TSV whose voltage changes periodically in the electric field touch detection.
- the coil clock signal CLK and the control signal TSV are supplied to the same signal wire in time division although described later. Therefore, FIG. 5 shows the coil clock signal CLK and the control signal TSV as a reference character “CLK/TSV”.
- the signal line driver D-DRV supplies an image signal Sn to the signal line selector 3 in time division in accordance with the selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 .
- the signal line selector 3 is connected to the plurality of signal lines arranged in the display area 2 , and supplies the supplied image signal to a proper signal line in the display period in accordance with the selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 . By this manner, the number of signal wires between the display control device 4 and the signal line selector 3 can be reduced.
- the gate driver 5 In the display period, the gate driver 5 generates scanning line signals Vs 0 to Vsp in accordance with a timing signal from the control circuit D-CNT, and supplies the scanning line signals Vs 0 to Vsp to scanning lines in the display area 2 . In the display period, a pixel connected to a scanning line to which a scanning signal with a high level is supplied is selected, and this selected pixel displays an image in accordance with an image signal that is supplied to the signal line at this time.
- the touch control device 6 includes a detection circuit DET that receives detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p), a processing circuit PRS that extracts coordinates of the touched position by performing processing on a detection signal SE-O output from the detection circuit DET, and a control circuit T-CNT.
- the control circuit T-CNT receives the synchronizing signal TSHD and the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN from the display control device 4 , and controls the touch control device 6 so as to operate in synchronization with the display control device 4 .
- the control circuit T-CNT performs control so that the detection circuit DET and the processing circuit PRS operate.
- the control circuit T-CNT also receives a detection signal from the detection circuit DET, forms the control signal SW, and supplies the control signal SW to the control circuit D-CNT.
- the processing circuit PRS outputs extracted coordinates from the external terminal To as the coordinate information.
- the display area 2 has sides 2 -U, 2 -D parallel to the row of the pixel array LCD and sides 2 -R, 2 -L parallel to the column of the pixel array LCD.
- the side 2 -U and the side 2 -D are sides opposite to each other, and the plurality of drive electrodes and the plurality of scanning lines in the pixel array LCD are arranged so as to be sandwiched therebetween.
- the side 2 -R and the side 2 -L are also sides opposite to each other, and the plurality of signal lines and the plurality of detection electrodes in the pixel array LCD are arranged so as to be sandwiched therebetween.
- the plurality of detection electrodes arranged in the display area 2 are connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D&.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is supplied to the switching amplification circuit SC-D&.
- the switching amplification circuit SC-D& forms a coil using the detection electrodes to supply a ground voltage Vs to one end of the formed coil and to amplify a signal change at the other end of the coil.
- the switching amplification circuit SC-D& amplifies a signal change at the detection electrode.
- the signal change amplified by the switching amplification circuit SC-D& is supplied to the detection circuit DET as each of the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p).
- the switching circuit SC-R is in a peripheral area of the display panel and is arranged along the side 2 -R of the display area 2 .
- the switching drive circuit SC-L is in a peripheral area of the display panel and is arranged along the side 2 -L of the display area 2 .
- the switching circuit SC-R is connected to the plurality of drive electrodes arranged in the display area 2 on the side 2 -R side of the display area 2
- the switching drive circuit SC-L is connected to the plurality of drive electrodes arranged in the display area 2 on the side 2 -L side of the display area 2 . That is, the switching circuit SC-R and the switching drive circuit SC-L are arranged in the peripheral area (outside) of the display panel, and is connected to the drive electrodes arranged in the display area 2 in vicinity of the sides of the display area 2 .
- the detection control circuit SR is in the peripheral area of the display panel and is arranged along the side 2 -L of the display area 2 , corresponds to the switching drive circuit SC-L arranged along the same side 2 -L, and controls the corresponded switching drive circuit SC-L in the touch detection (magnetic field touch detection, electric filed touch detection) period.
- the above-described switching circuit SC-R receives the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN, and electrically connects the predetermined drive electrodes to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -R of the display area 2 when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN indicates the magnetic field touch detection, that is, is at a high level. On the other hand, when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at a low level, the switching circuit SC-R electrically insulates the drive electrodes from each other in vicinity of the side 2 -R of the display area 2 .
- a predetermined voltage VCOMDC, the ground voltage (first voltage) Vs, the coil lock signal CLK, and the control signal TSV are supplied.
- the control signal T-CNT and the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN are supplied.
- the drive electrodes and the detection electrodes arranged in the display area 2 are used for touch detection in both cases of the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection. That is, in the magnetic field touch detection, a coil (first coil) is formed of the drive electrodes, and the ground voltage Vs and a drive signal for magnetic field (magnetic field drive signal) are supplied from the switching drive circuit SC_L to one end of a coil selected out of the formed coils and to the other end of the same. In the magnetic field touch detection, a coil (second coil) is formed of detection electrodes arranged in the display area 2 , and the ground voltage Vs is supplied to one end of the formed coil.
- a magnetic field generated by a pen is detected at the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes. That is, a signal change at the other end of the coil is amplified by the switching amplification circuit SC-D&, and the amplified signal change is supplied to the detection circuit DET as each of the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p).
- an electric field drive signal for generating an electric field is supplied from the switching drive circuit SC-L to the drive electrode arranged in the display area 2 .
- a signal change at the detection electrode is amplified by the switching amplification circuit SC-D&, and the amplified signal change is supplied to the detection circuit DET as each of the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p).
- the operations of the switching circuit SC-R, the switching drive circuit SC-L, the detection control circuit SR, and the switching amplification circuit SC-D& in the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection are described as follows.
- the predetermined drive electrodes are electrically connected to each other by the switching circuit SC-R.
- a plurality of coils are formed of the plurality of drive electrodes arranged in the display area 2 .
- the switching drive circuit SC-L is controlled by the detection control circuit SR so as to supply the ground voltage Vs and the coil clock signal CLK (magnetic field drive signal) to one end of a coil selected out of the formed coils and the other end of the same.
- the ground voltage Vs and the coil clock signal CLK are supplied to the selected coil, and therefore, a magnetic field which changes in accordance with the voltage change of the coil clock signal CLK is generated.
- the switching amplification circuit SC-D& supplies the ground voltage Vs to one end of each of a plurality of coils formed of the plurality of detection electrodes arranged in the display area 2 , and amplifies a signal change at the other end of each coil.
- the magnetic field generated by the pen is detected by the coil formed of the detection electrode, is amplified, and is supplied to the detection circuit DET.
- a magnetic field is generated at a coil selected out of the plurality of coils formed of the respective drive electrodes.
- the pen having the coil L 1 and the capacitive element C shown in FIG. 1 exists in vicinity of the selected coil
- the capacitive element C is charged.
- a signal change based on the ground voltage Vs supplied to one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes is generated at the other end of the coil. In this manner, it can be detected whether or not the pen exists in vicinity of the selected coil.
- the switching circuit SC-R electrically insulates the drive electrodes from each other.
- the switching drive circuit SC-L is controlled by the detection control circuit SR so as to supply the control signal TSV whose voltage changes periodically to a selected drive electrode as an electric field drive signal.
- the switching amplification circuit SC-D& amplifies a signal change at the detection electrode, and supplies the amplified signal change to the detection circuit DET.
- the electric field drive signal is supplied to the selected drive electrode, and therefore, as described above with reference to FIG. 4 , the signal change at the detection electrode varies in accordance with whether or not the finger exists in vicinity of the selected drive electrode. As a result, the existence of the finger can be detected.
- the detection control circuit SR has, for example, a shift register.
- This shift register has a plurality of stages corresponding to the respective coils formed of the drive electrodes.
- a predetermined stage out of the plurality of stages forming the shift register is set to have a predetermined value.
- a stage corresponding to the coil formed of the drive electrode closest to the side 2 -U of the display area 2 is designated as the first stage of the shift register, and a predetermined value is set to this first stage.
- the value set to the shift register sequentially shifts.
- the predetermined value shifting through the shift register serves as information for designating the coil to be selected.
- the coils (of drive electrodes) arranged from the side 2 -U to side 2 -D of the display area 2 is selected, so that the touch by the pen (or finger) can be detected over the entire display area 2 .
- the switching drive circuit SC-L is controlled by the detection control circuit SR so as to supply the predetermined voltage VCOMDC to the plurality of drive electrodes arranged in the display area 2 . Therefore, in the display, the display drive signal (voltage VCOMDC) is supplied to each drive electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing an overall configuration of a module 600 mounted with the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 .
- FIG. 6 shows practical arrangement.
- reference character 601 indicates an area of the TFT glass substrate TGB shown in FIG. 3
- reference character 602 indicates an area where the TFT glass substrate TGB and the CF glass substrate CGB shown in FIG. 3 are stacked.
- the TFT glass substrate TGB is integrated in the areas 601 and 602 . That is, the TFT glass substrate TGB is common between the area 601 and the area 602 .
- the CF glass substrate CGB is mounted on the TFT glass substrate TGB in the area 602 so that the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB and the second main surface CSF 2 of the CF glass substrate CGB are opposite to each other as shown in FIG. 3 .
- reference character 600 -U indicates a short side of the module 600
- reference character 600 -D indicates a side of the module 600 which is a short side opposite to the short side 600 -U.
- reference character 600 -L indicates a long side of the module 600
- reference character 600 -R indicates a side of the module 600 which is a long side opposite to the long side 600 -L.
- the gate driver 5 , the switching drive circuit SC-L, and the detection control circuit SR shown in FIG. 5 are arranged in an area between the side 2 -L of the display area 2 and the long side 600 -L of the module 600 in the area 602 .
- the switching circuit SC-R shown in FIG. 5 is arranged in an area between the side 2 -R of the display area 2 and the long side 600 -R of the module 600 .
- the signal line selector 3 , the switching amplification circuit SC-D&, and the semiconductor device for drive DDIC shown in FIG. 5 are arranged in an area between the side 2 -D of the display area 2 and the short side 600 -D of the module 600 .
- the signal line driver D-DRV and the control circuit D-CNT shown in FIG. 5 are embedded in one semiconductor device.
- one semiconductor device is shown as the semiconductor device for drive DDIC.
- the touch control device 6 shown in FIG. 5 is further embedded in one semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device for touch 6 the semiconductor device in which the touch control device 6 is embedded.
- each of the semiconductor device for drive DDIC and the semiconductor device for touch 6 may be configured of a plurality of semiconductor devices, or the semiconductor device for drive DDIC and the semiconductor device for touch 6 may be configured of one semiconductor device.
- the switching amplification circuit SC-D& is arranged in the area 601 and configured of wires and components formed in the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate of the area 601 .
- a switching component is cited, and the switching component is, for example, an electric field type transistor (hereinafter, called a MOSFET transistor).
- the semiconductor device for drive DDIC is mounted on the TFT glass substrate TGB so as to cover the switching amplification circuit SC-D& when seen in plan view.
- the components configuring the switching circuit SC-R, the switching driver SC-L, and the detection control circuit SR are also formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB of the area 602 .
- the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p) described in FIG. 5 are transmitted to a flexible cable FB 1 although not particularly limited thereto.
- the touch semiconductor device 6 is mounted on the flexible cable FB 1 , and the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p) are supplied to the touch semiconductor device 6 via wires in the flexible cable FB 1 .
- a flexible cable FB 2 is connected to the area 601 , and a connector CN is mounted on the flexible cable FB 2 . Through this connector CN, signals are transmitted/received between the touch semiconductor device 6 and the drive semiconductor device DDIC.
- a synchronizing signal TSHD is shown as an example of the transmitted/received signals.
- the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p) may be supplied from the switching amplification circuit SC-D& to the touch semiconductor device 6 via the flexible cable FB 2 and connector CN.
- the display area 2 includes the pixel array made up of a matrix of a plurality of pixels.
- the pixel array has the plurality of drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and the plurality of scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p) arranged along rows in the array, and the plurality of signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) and the plurality of detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) arranged along columns in the array.
- two drive electrodes TL(n) and TL(m) and two signal wires SL(k) and SL(n) are shown as an example. Note that the scanning lines and detection electrodes are omitted in FIG. 6 .
- the scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p) each extend in parallel with the exemplified drive electrodes TL(n) and TL(m), and the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) each extend in parallel with the exemplified signal lines SL(k) and SL(n).
- the pixel are arranged at the intersections between the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) and the scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p) or drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p).
- Reference characters “R”, “G”, and “B” indicated on four sides of the display area 2 shown in FIG. 6 represent pixels corresponding to the three primary colors.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the display area 2 included in the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the display area 2 (first area) which is the display part of the display panel 2 can be considered to be an active area
- an area (second area) in the peripheral part of the display panel (outside the display area 2 ) can be considered to be a non-active area or a peripheral area.
- the active area is an area surrounded by the sides 2 -U, 2 -D, 2 -R, 2 -L of the display area 2 .
- FIG. 7 shows an A-A′ cross section of the display area 2 shown in FIG. 6 .
- one color pixel is displayed by using three pixels corresponding to three primary colors of R(red), G(green), and B(blue). That is, one color pixel can be considered to be formed of three sub-pixels.
- signal lines that transfer a color image signal are formed of three signal lines, respectively.
- FIG. 7 shows a case of producing the color display.
- Each of the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) indicates a signal line that transfers a color image signal in a display period.
- Each signal line includes three signal lines that transfer an image signal to three sub-pixels.
- the three signal lines are distinguished from one another by attaching an alphabetical character of the corresponding sub-pixel to the end of the reference character of the signal line.
- the signal line SL(n) includes signal lines SL(n)R, SL(n)G, SL(n)B.
- the alphabetical character “R” attached to the end of the reference character SL(n) indicates a red color (R) of the three primary colors
- the signal line SL(n)R indicates a signal line that transfers an image signal to a sub-pixel corresponding to red (R) of the three primary colors in the display period.
- the alphabetical character “G” attached to the end of the reference character SL(n) indicates a green color (G) of the three primary colors
- the signal line SL(n)G indicates a signal line that transfers an image signal to a sub-pixel corresponding to green (G) of the three primary colors.
- the alphabetical character “B” attached to the end of the reference character SL(n) indicates a blue color (B) of the three primary colors
- the signal line SL(n)B indicates a signal line that transfers an image signal to a sub-pixel corresponding to the signal line SL(n)B.
- reference character 700 indicates a TFT glass substrate TGB.
- a first wiring layer (conductive layer) 701 is formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate (TGB) 700 .
- the scanning line GL(n) is configured of a wire formed in the first wiring layer 701 .
- An insulating layer 702 is formed on the first wiring layer 701 , and a second wiring layer (conductive layer) 703 is formed on the insulating layer 702 .
- Signal lines SL(n)R, SL(n)G, SL(n)B, signal lines SL(n+1)R, SL(n+1)G, SL(n+1)B, and signal lines SL(n+2)R, SL(n+2)G are configured of a wire formed in the second wiring layer 703 .
- reference character 703 indicating the second wiring layer is attached to the end of the signal line in parenthesis [].
- the signal line SL(n)G is indicated as SL(n)G[ 703 ].
- An insulating layer 704 is formed on the second wiring layer 703 , and a third wiring layer (conductive layer) 705 is formed on the insulating layer 704 .
- the drive electrode TL(n) and the auxiliary electrode SM are configured of a wire formed in the third wiring layer 705 .
- the drive electrode TL(n) is a transparent electrode (first electrode).
- the auxiliary electrode SM (secondary electrode) has a resistance value lower than that of the drive electrode TL(n) and is formed so as to be electrically connected to the drive electrode TL(n).
- the resistance value of the drive electrode TL(n) which is a transparent electrode is relatively high.
- auxiliary electrode SM electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode SM to the drive electrode TL(n)
- the resistance of the drive electrode can be reduced by the combined resistance.
- a reference character [ 705 ] attached to the reference characters of the drive electrode and the auxiliary electrode indicates that they are configured of the third wiring layer 705 .
- An insulating layer 706 is formed on the third wiring layer 705 , and a pixel electrode LDP is formed on the top surface of the insulating layer 706 .
- each of CR, CB, and CG is a color filter.
- a liquid crystal layer 707 is sandwiched between the color filters CR(red), CG(green), CB(blue) and the insulating layer 706 .
- the pixel electrode LDP is surrounded by a scanning line and a signal line, and the color filter CR, CG, or CB corresponding to each of the pixel electrodes LDP is provided so as to be opposite to each pixel electrode LDP.
- a black matrix BM is provided between the color filters CR, CG, CB.
- the CF glass substrate CGB is stacked so as to be opposite to the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate 700 as shown in FIG. 3B .
- the above-described color filters CR, CG, and CB are formed on the second main surface CSF 2 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- the CF glass substrate CGB is stacked on the TFT glass substrate (TGB) 700 across the above-described first to third wiring layers, insulating layers, and liquid crystal layer 707 , and the color filters CR, CG, and CB formed on the second main surface CSF 2 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- a fourth wiring layer (conductive layer) is formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB as shown in FIG. 3B , and the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) described in FIGS. 3 to 6 are configured of wirings of the fourth wiring layer.
- the polarizing plate is further arranged on upper surfaces of the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p).
- the scanning lines GL, signal lines SL, and drive electrodes TL are arranged on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- the detection electrodes RL are arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB, which is separated from the TFT glass substrate TGB by the liquid crystal layer, etc.
- the first wiring layer 701 is made of, for example, molybdenum (Mo), and the second wiring layer 703 and the fourth wiring layer are made of, for example, aluminum (Al) or copper (Cu).
- a wiring layer corresponding to the drive electrode among the third wiring layer 705 is made of, for example, indium tin oxide, and a wiring layer corresponding to the auxiliary electrodes SM among them is made of, for example, aluminum or copper.
- the resistance values of the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) and detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are smaller than those of, for example, the scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p) or others. Since the auxiliary electrodes SM are made of aluminum or copper and are connected to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p), the resistance values of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are also small.
- the drive electrode means the drive electrode electrically connected with the auxiliary electrode SM. That is, each of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) means a transparent electrode and the auxiliary electrode SM electrically connected to the transparent electrode.
- an expression “. . . is formed on . . . ” is used for simplifying the description.
- an expression “the insulating layer 702 is formed on the first wiring layer 701 ” is used.
- a term “on” used in the present specification means that they may be or not be in contact with each other. In the description using the above-described example, the expression means that “the insulating layer 702 ” may be or not be in contact with “the first wiring layer 701 ”.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of the display area 2 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 . Also in FIG. 8 , a signal line is shown in the same form as in FIG. 7 .
- each of a plurality of SPix indicated by an alternate long and short dash line shows one liquid crystal display element (sub-pixel).
- the sub-pixel SPix is arranged in a matrix form in the display area 2 to configure a liquid crystal element array (pixel array) LCD.
- the pixel array LCD includes a plurality of the scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p) arranged in each row and extending in the row direction and signal lines SL( 0 )R, SL( 0 )G, SL( 0 )B to SL(p)R, SL(p)G, SL(p)B arranged in each column and extending in the column direction.
- the pixel array LCD also includes the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) arranged in each row and extending in the row direction and the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) arranged in each column and extending in the column direction.
- FIG. 8 shows pixel array portions related to the scanning lines GL(n ⁇ 1) to GL(n+1), the signal lines SL(n)R, SL(n)G, SL(n)B to SL(n+1)R, SL(n+1)G, SL(n+1)B, and to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 1) to TL(n+1). Note that the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are omitted in FIG. 8 .
- the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 1) to TL(n+1) are shown so as to be arranged in the respective rows.
- one drive electrode may be arranged in a plurality of rows.
- one detection electrode may be arranged in a plurality of columns.
- Each sub-pixel SPix arranged at an intersection of a row and a column of the pixel array LCD includes a thin film transistor Tr formed on the TFT glass substrate 700 and a liquid crystal element LC whose one terminal is connected to the source of the thin film transistor Tr.
- the pixel array LCD gates of the thin film transistors Tr of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the same row are connected to the scanning line arranged in the same row, and drains of the thin film transistors Tr of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the same column are connected to the signal line arranged in the same column.
- the plurality of sub-pixels SPix is arranged in a matrix form, a scanning line is arranged in each row, and the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the corresponding row is connected to the scanning line. Also, a signal line is arranged in each column, and the pixels SPix arranged in the corresponding column are connected to the signal line. The other ends of the liquid crystal elements LC of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the same row are connected to the drive electrode arranged in the row.
- the gate of the thin film transistor Tr of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the top row is connected to the scanning line GL(n ⁇ 1) arranged in the top row.
- the drain of the thin film transistor Tr of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the leftmost column is connected to the signal line SL(n)R arranged in the leftmost column.
- the other end of the liquid crystal element LC of each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the top row is connected to the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 1) arranged in the top row.
- one sub-pixel SPix corresponds to one of the three primary colors.
- the three primary colors of R, G, and B are formed of three sub-pixels SPix.
- one color pixel Pix is formed of three sub-pixels SPix arranged consecutively in the same row, and colors are expressed by the pixel Pix. That is, in FIG. 8 , the sub-pixel SPix indicated as a reference character 800 R becomes a sub-pixel SPix(R) of R(red), the sub-pixel SPix indicated as a reference character 800 G becomes a sub-pixel SPix(G) of G(green), and the sub-pixel SPix indicated as a reference character 800 B becomes a sub-pixel SPix(B) of B(blue).
- the sub-pixel SPix(R) indicated by the reference character 800 R is provided with a red color filter CR as a color filter
- the sub-pixel SPix(G) indicated by the 800 G is provided with a green color filter CG as a color filter
- the sub-pixel SPix(B) indicated by the 800 B is provided with a blue color filter CB as a color filter.
- An image signal corresponding to R of a signal representing one pixel is supplied to the signal line SL(n)R from the signal line selector 3 , an image signal corresponding to G is supplied from the signal line selector 3 to the signal line SL(n)G, and an image signal corresponding to B is supplied from the signal line selector 3 to the signal line SL(n)B.
- the thin film transistor Tr in each sub-pixel SPix is, an N-channel MOSFET.
- pulse-state scanning line signals whose levels are successively set to a higher level in this order of the scanning lines are supplied from the gate driver 5 ( FIGS. 5 and 6 ). That is, in the pixel array LCD, the voltages of scanning lines are successively set to a higher level from the scanning line GL( 0 ) arranged in the top row toward the scanning line GL(p) arranged in the bottom row. Accordingly, in the pixel array LCD, the thin film transistors Tr in the sub-pixels SPix are successively conducted from the sub-pixel SPix arranged in the top row toward the sub-pixel SPix arranged in the bottom row.
- the image signal supplied to the signal line at that time is supplied to the liquid crystal element LC via the ON-state thin film transistor.
- the electric field of the liquid crystal element LC changes depending on a differential voltage between the voltage of a display drive signal supplied to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and the voltage of a supplied image signal, so that the ratio of light (transmissivity) passing through the liquid crystal element LC thereof changes.
- a color image in accordance with an image signal supplied to the signal lines SL( 0 )R, SL( 0 )G, SL(n)B to SL(p)R, SL(p)G, SL(p)B in synchronization with scanning line signals supplied to the scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p) is displayed in the display area 2 .
- Each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix can be considered to have a selection terminal and a pair of terminals.
- the gate of the thin film transistor Tr configuring the sub-pixel SPix is the selection terminal of the sub-pixel SPix
- the drain of the thin film transistor Tr is one terminal of the pair of terminals
- the other end of the liquid crystal element LC is the other terminal of the sub-pixel SPix.
- the pixel array LCD has a pair of sides substantially parallel to the row of the array thereof and has a pair of sides substantially parallel to the column of the array thereof.
- the paired sides that are parallel to the row of the pixel array LCD are a first side and a second side corresponding to the short sides 2 -U, 2 -D of the display area 2 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6
- the paired sides that are parallel to the column of the pixel array LCD are a third side and a fourth side corresponding to the long sides 2 -L, 2 -R of the display area 2 .
- the signal line selector 3 , the switching amplification circuit SC-D&, and the semiconductor device for drive DDIC are arranged along the second side of the pair of sides parallel to the row, that is, the one short side 2 -D of the display area 2 .
- an image signal from the semiconductor device for drive DDIC is supplied to the signal lines SL( 0 )R, SL( 0 )G, SL( 0 )B to SL(p)R, SL(p)G, SL(p)B via the signal line selector 3 .
- the gate driver 5 is arranged along the third side of the pair of sides (third and fourth sides) parallel to the column, that is, the long side 2 -L of the display area 2 .
- a scanning line signal from the gate driver 5 is supplied to the scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p) on the third side.
- the gate driver 5 is arranged along the long side 2 -L of the display area 2 .
- the gate driver 5 may be divided into two units and be arranged along the long side 2 -L (third side of the pixel array LCD) and the long side 2 -R (fourth side of the pixel array LCD).
- the pixel array LCD caused when a color display is produced in the display area 2 has been concretely described, and the pixel array LCD may be considered to be configured of a plurality of color pixels Pix (pixel), each of which is configured of three sub-pixels SPix.
- the plurality of pixels Pix are arranged in a matrix form to configure the pixel array LCD.
- the corresponding scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p) and the corresponding drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are arranged in the respective rows of the pixel array LCD configured of pixels Pix, and the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) and the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are arranged in the respective columns thereof.
- three sub-pixels SPix are considered to be one pixel Pix, and the pixel Pix is considered to have a configuration similar to that of the sub-pixel SPix.
- the respective selection terminals of pixels Pix arranged in a matrix form in the pixel array LCD are connected to the scanning line GL( 0 ) to GL(p) arranged in the same row as the pixel Pix, one respective terminals of pixels Pix are connected to the signal line SL( 0 ) to SL(p) arranged in the same column, and the other respective terminals of pixels Pix are connected to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) to TL(p) arranged in the same column.
- one drive electrode may correspond to a plurality of rows of the pixel array LCD. In such a case, the other terminal of the pixel Pix arranged in the plurality of rows is connected to the common drive electrode.
- the pixel array LCD is considered to be configured of the plurality of pixels Pix as described above, the correspondence between the arrangement of the display area 2 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 and the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 8 is the same as described above.
- one color pixel may be formed of sub-pixels of, in addition to R, G, B described above, any one color or a plurality of colors of white (W) and yellow (Y) and also complementary colors of R, G, B (cyan (C), magenta(M), and yellow (Y)).
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a configuration of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n+13) out of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) arranged in the display area 2 .
- the switching circuit SC-R switching drive circuit SC-L, and detection control circuit SR, only their parts corresponding to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n+13) are shown.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p), the switching circuit SC-R, the switching drive circuit SC-L, and the detection control circuit SR are formed of wirings, elements, etc., formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB. While FIG. 9 is illustrated so as to be scaled down in order to easily see the drawing, is illustrated so that the units are shown in their practical arrangement.
- the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n+13) are parallel with each other and extend in the row direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 9 ) in the display area 2 .
- the switching circuit SC-R has a plurality of first switches S 10 and a plurality of second switches S 11 , and the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 are controlled to be switched by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN.
- four drive electrodes are used to form one double winding coil. That is, four drive electrodes arranged close to and parallel with each other when seen in a plan view are electrically connected in series to form one coil.
- the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n ⁇ 3) are electrically connected in series to form one coil.
- one coil is formed of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1), and one coil is formed of the drive electrodes TL(n+2) to TL(n+5).
- one coil is formed of the drive electrodes TL(n+6) to TL(n+9), and one coil is formed of the drive electrodes TL(n+10) to TL(n+13).
- respective one ends of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) and TL(n ⁇ 5) are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -L of the display area 2 .
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 4) is connected to a first switch S 10 in vicinity of the side 2 -R of the display area 2 .
- the one end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) is connected to a node TT 1 , which is an end of the coil, in vicinity of the side 2 -L, while the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) is connected to the first switch S 10 in vicinity of the side 2 -R.
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 5) is connected to a second switch S 11 in vicinity of the side 2 -R.
- the one end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 3) is connected to a node TT 2 , which is an end of the coil, in vicinity of the side 2 -L, while the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 3) is connected to the second switch S 11 in vicinity of the side 2 -R.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN becomes at high, so that the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 are switched ON.
- the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3) to TL(n ⁇ 6) are connected in series between the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 , which are the ends of the coil, so that one coil is formed.
- the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) are connected in series between a node TT 1 and a node TT 2 , which are the ends of the coil. That is, respective one ends of the drive electrodes TL(n) and TL(n ⁇ 1) are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -L of the display area 2 .
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n) is connected to a first switch S 10 in vicinity of the side 2 -R of the display area 2 .
- the one end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 2) is connected to a node TT 1 , which is an end of the coil, in vicinity of the side 2 -L, while the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 2) is connected to the first switch S 10 in vicinity of the side 2 -R.
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 1) is connected to a second switch S 11 in vicinity of the side 2 -R.
- the one end of the drive electrode TL(n+1) is connected to a node TT 2 , which is an end of the coil, in vicinity of the side 2 -L, while the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+1) is connected to the second switch S 11 in vicinity of the side 2 -R.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN becomes at high, so that the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 are switched ON.
- the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) are connected in series between the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 , which are the ends of the coil, so that one coil is formed.
- the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 are switched ON, so that the drive electrodes TL(n+2) to TL(n+5) are connected in series between the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 , which are the ends of the coil, the drive electrodes TL(n+6) to TL(n+9) are connected in series between the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 , which are the ends of the coil, and the drive electrodes TL(n+10) to TL(n+13) are also connected in series between the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 , which are the ends of the coil.
- this manner forms five coils which use the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n+13) as windings, respectively.
- the switching drive circuit SC-L has a plurality of third switches, fourth switches, and fifth switches.
- the third and fourth switches are switched under control by a selection signal from the detection control circuit SR, while the fifth switches are switched under control by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN.
- switches S 20 to S 24 correspond to the third switches
- switches S 30 to S 34 correspond to the fourth switches
- the switches S 40 to S 44 correspond to the fifth switches.
- the detection control circuit SR In the display area 2 , the detection control circuit SR generates and outputs a plurality of selection signals to touch detection areas, respectively. A selection signal output from the detection control circuit SR is used as a selection signal for specifying a touch detection coil in the magnetic field touch detection, and is used as a selection signal for specifying a touch detection drive electrode in the electric field touch detection.
- the detection control circuit SR has a shift register and a control circuit.
- the shift register has a plurality of stages (register stages) connected in series. Out of the plurality of register stages, the register stages corresponding to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n+13) are shown as reference characters USI( 0 ) to USI( 4 ) in FIG. 9 .
- the register stage USI( 0 ) corresponds to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n ⁇ 3)
- the register stage USI( 1 ) corresponds to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1)
- the register stage USI( 2 ) corresponds to the drive electrodes TL(n+2) to TL(n+5)
- the register stage USI( 3 ) corresponds to the drive electrodes TL(n+6) to TL(n+9)
- the register stage USI( 4 ) corresponds to the drive electrodes TL(n+10) to TL(n+13).
- a predetermined value is set to a predetermined register stage by the control signal T-CNT.
- a predetermined value is set to the register stage USI( 0 ).
- the predetermined value set to the register stage USI( 0 ) is sequentially shifted (moved) from the register stage USI( 1 ) to the register stage USI( 4 ) for each execution of the touch detection.
- control circuit SRC Based on the value stored in each of the register stages USI( 0 ) to USI( 4 ) and on the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN, the control circuit SRC generates and outputs selection signals ST 00 , ST 01 to ST 40 and ST 41 corresponding to the register stages USI( 0 ) to UIS( 4 ), respectively.
- the control circuit SRC sets the selection signal ST 00 corresponding to the register stage USI( 0 ) to be a high level, and the selection signals ST 10 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 corresponding to the register stages USI( 1 ) to UIS( 4 ) to be a low level.
- the control circuit SRC changes the levels of the selection signals ST 01 , ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 depending on which one of the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN specifies.
- the control circuit SRC sets each of the selection signals ST 01 , ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 to be the low level, regardless of the value stored in each of the register stages USI( 0 ) to UIS( 4 ).
- the control circuit SRC sets the selection signal ST 01 corresponding to the register stage USI( 0 ) storing the predetermined value to be the low level, and sets the rest of selection signals ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 corresponding to the register stages USI( 1 ), USI( 2 ), USI( 3 ), and UIS( 4 ) to be the high level.
- the control circuit SRC sets the selection signal ST 10 corresponding to the register stage USI( 1 ) to be the high level, and sets the rest of selection signals ST 00 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 to be the low level, depending on a predetermined value stored in the register stage USI( 1 ).
- touch detection is executed as the magnetic field touch detection
- the control circuit SRC sets the selection signals ST 01 , ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 to be the low level.
- the control circuit SRC sets the selection signal ST 11 to be the low level, and sets the election signals ST 01 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 to be the high level.
- the selection signals ST 20 to ST 40 are sequentially set to be the high level.
- the selection signals ST 11 to ST 41 are set to the low level in the case of the magnetic field touch detection
- the selection signals ST 21 to ST 41 are set to be the low level in the case of the electric field touch detection.
- the predetermined value serves as information for specifying an area where touch detection is executed, and therefore, the predetermined value can be regarded as touch detection area specifying information.
- control circuit SRC sets the selection signals ST 00 , ST 10 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 to be the low level and sets the selection signals ST 01 , ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 to be the high level, regardless of the value stored in the shift register. For example, when the synchronizing signal TSHD supplied to the control circuit SRC indicates the display period, the control circuit SRC generates the selection signal with the above-described level.
- the third switches S 20 to S 24 included in the switching drive circuit SC-L are switched under control by the corresponding selection signals ST 00 to ST 40
- the fourth switches S 30 to S 34 are switched under control by the corresponding selection signals ST 01 to ST 41
- the fifth switches S 40 to S 44 are switched under control by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN.
- each of the third switches S 20 to S 24 , the fourth switches S 30 to S 34 , and the fifth switches S 40 to S 44 is switched on when the supplied signal (selection signal and magnetic-field enable signal) is at the high level, and is switched off when the supplied signal is at the low level.
- the third switch S 20 is switched on when the corresponding selection signal ST 00 is at the high level, and is switched off when the selection signal ST 00 is at the low level.
- the fourth switch S 30 is switched on when the corresponding selection signal ST 01 is at the high level, and is switched off when the selection signal ST 01 is at the low level.
- the fifth switch S 40 is switched on when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the high level, and is switched off when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the low level. The rest of the third, fourth, and fifth switches are similarly switched.
- Each one end of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6), TL(n ⁇ 2), TL(n+2), TL(n+6), and TL(n+10), that is, the node TT 1 which is one end of the coil, is connected to a signal wiring Ls via each of the fifth switches S 40 to S 44 .
- Each one end of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+1), TL(n+5), TL(n+9), and TL(n+13), that is, the node TT 2 which is one end of the coil, is connected to a signal wiring Lc via each of the third switches S 20 to S 24 .
- Each one end (note TT 2 ) of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+1), TL(n+5), TL(n+9), and TL(n+13) is connected to a signal wiring LV via each of the fourth switches S 30 to S 34 .
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the signal wiring Ls, while a predetermined voltage VCOMDC is supplied to the signal wiring Lv.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied in the magnetic field touch detection, and the control signal TSV whose voltage periodically changes is supplied in the electric field touch detection.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the low level.
- the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 in the switching circuit SC-R are switched off.
- the fifth switches S 40 to S 44 in the switching drive circuit SC-L are also switched off.
- the selection signals ST 00 to ST 40 are at the low level, and the selection signals ST 01 to ST 41 are at the high level.
- the third switches S 20 to S 24 are also switched off, while the fourth switches S 30 to S 34 are switched on.
- the fifth switches S 40 to S 44 are switched off, so that each one end (node TT 1 ) of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6), TL(n ⁇ 2), TL(n+2), TL(n+6) and TL(n+10) is electrically disconnected from the signal wiring Ls.
- the third switches S 20 to S 24 are switched off, so that each one end (node TT 2 ) of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+1), TL(n+5), TL(n+9) and TL(n+13) is electrically disconnected from the signal wiring Lc.
- the fourth switches S 30 to S 34 are switched on, so that each one end (node TT 2 ) of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+1), TL(n+5), TL(n+9) and TL(n+13) is electrically connected to the signal wiring Lv through the fourth switches.
- the predetermined voltage VCOMDC is supplied from the signal wiring Lv to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+1), TL(n+5), TL(n+9) and TL(n+13).
- the voltage VCOMDC is thus supplied to these drive electrodes as a display drive signal.
- the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 may be controlled by a signal based on, for example, the synchronizing signal TSHD and the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN so that the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 are switched on in the display period.
- the display drive signal VCOMDC can be supplied to drive electrodes other than the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+1), TL(n+5), TL(n+9) and TL(n+13) in the display period.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the high level.
- the selection signals ST 00 , ST 10 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 output from the detection control circuit SR a selection signal corresponding to a touch detection area is at the high level.
- each of the selection signals ST 01 , ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 output from the detection control circuit SR is at the low level.
- FIG. 9 shows a case in which the area of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) is specified as a touch detection area in the magnetic field touch detection. That is, FIG. 9 shows a state in which the selection signal ST 10 specifying the area of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) is at the high level and in which the rest of selection signals ST 00 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 are at the low level.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the high level, so that the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 are switched on, the fifth switches S 40 to S 44 are also switched on.
- the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 are switched on, so that the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n ⁇ 3) are connected in series between the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 .
- These drive electrodes are close to and extend in parallel with each other when seen in a plan view, and therefore, a coil whose ends are the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 is formed by these drive electrodes.
- a coil whose ends are the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 is formed by the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1)
- a coil whose ends are the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 is formed by the drive electrodes TL(n+2) to TL(n+5)
- a coil whose ends are the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 is formed by the drive electrodes TL(n+6) to TL(n+9)
- a coil whose ends are the node TT 1 and the node TT 2 is formed by the drive electrodes TL(n+10) to TL(n+13).
- each node TT 1 of the coils (five coils in FIG. 9 ) formed of the drive electrodes is connected to the signal wiring Ls via each of the fifth switches S 40 to S 44 , and the ground voltage Vs is supplied to each node TT 1 of the coils.
- the selection signal ST 10 is at the high level, and the selection signals ST 00 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 are at the low level, and therefore, the third switch S 21 is switched on, and the third switches S 20 and S 22 to S 24 are switched off.
- the end (node TT 2 ) of the coil formed of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) is connected to the signal wiring Lc via the third switch S 21 , while the end (node TT 2 ) of the coil formed of the drive electrodes other than the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) is disconnected from the signal wiring Lc.
- the selection signals ST 01 to ST 41 are at the low level, and therefore, the fourth switches S 30 to S 34 are switched off, and the end TT 2 of the coil is disconnected from the signal wiring Vs.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the signal wiring Lc. Therefore, the coil clock signal CLK is supplied via the third switch S 21 to the end (node TT 2 ) of the coil formed of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) specified by the high-level selection signal ST 10 . At this time, no coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the end TT 2 of the coil formed of the rest of drive electrode other than the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1).
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied via the fifth switch S 41 to the end TT 1 of the coil formed of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1).
- a voltage that changes periodically and that takes the ground voltage Vs as a reference voltage is supplied to the end (node TT 2 ) of the coil formed of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1).
- the coil formed of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) generates a magnetic field in accordance with the coil clock signal CLK.
- the coil clock signal CLK is not supplied to the rest of coils, and therefore, the magnetic field is not generated.
- the coil clock signal CLK can be regarded as a magnetic field drive signal for generating the magnetic field.
- the detection control circuit SR can be regarded as forming and outputting a selection signal for specifying a coil to which the magnetic field drive signal is supplied.
- the drive electrode TL(n+1) can be regarded as a predetermined drive electrode to which the magnetic field drive signal is supplied.
- the magnetic field drive signal can be supplied to a coil formed of other drive electrodes by the same operation to generate the magnetic field.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a configuration of the display apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 10 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 10 is different from FIG. 9 in that FIG. 10 shows the state of the electric field touch detection while FIG. 9 shows the state of the magnetic field touch detection. That is, each configuration of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n+13), switching circuit SC-R, switching drive circuit SC-L, and detection control circuit SR of FIG. 10 is the same as that of FIG. 9 but the states of the first to fifth switches of FIG. 10 are different from the states of FIG. 9 . An operation in the electric field touch detection will be described below with reference to FIG. 10 .
- a selection signal corresponding to a touch detection area among the selection signals ST 00 , ST 10 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 output from the detection control circuit SR is set at the high level, and another selection signals are set at the low level.
- the levels of the selection signals ST 01 , ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 output from the detection control circuit SR are different from the levels of the selection signals output from the detection control circuit SR in the magnetic field touch detection. That is, as described with reference to FIG.
- a selection signal corresponding to a touch detection area among the selection signals ST 01 , ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 is set at the low level, and the rest of the selection signals are set at the high level.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the low level.
- FIG. 10 shows a state in which the area of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) is specified as the touch detection area. Therefore, the selection signal ST 10 corresponding to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) among the selection signals ST 00 to ST 40 output from the detection control circuit SR is set at the high level, and the selection signals ST 00 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 are set at the low level.
- the selection signal ST 11 corresponding to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) among the selection signals ST 01 to ST 41 is set at the low level, and each of the selection signals ST 01 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 is set at the high level.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is set at the low level, so that the first and second switches S 10 and S 11 are switched off.
- the fifth switches S 40 to S 44 are also switched off.
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) is electrically insulated from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 4)
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 5) is also electrically insulated from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 3).
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 2) is electrically disconnected from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n)
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 1) is electrically disconnected from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+1)
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+2) is electrically disconnected from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+4)
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+3) is electrically disconnected from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+5).
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+6) is electrically disconnected from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+8)
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+7) is electrically disconnected from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+9)
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+10) is electrically disconnected from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+12)
- the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+11) is electrically disconnected from the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+13).
- each one end (node TT 1 ) of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6), TL(n ⁇ 2), TL(n+2), TL(n+6), and TL(n+10) is electrically disconnected from the signal wiring Ls.
- the third switch S 21 is switched on by the high-level selection signal ST 10 , and the third switches S 20 and S 22 to S 24 are switched off by the low-level selection signals ST 00 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 .
- the fourth switch S 31 is switched off by the low-level selection signal ST 11 , and the fourth switches S 30 and S 32 to S 34 are switched on by the high-level selection signals ST 01 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 .
- the one end of the drive electrode TL(n+1) is connected to the signal wiring Lc via the third switch S 21 , and the one ends of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+5), TL(n+9), and TL(n+13) are connected to the signal wiring Lv via the fourth switches S 30 , S 32 , S 33 , and S 34 , respectively.
- the drive electrode TL(n+1) is electrically disconnect from the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 1), etc. That is, the other end of the drive electrode TL(n+1) is not connected to the ground voltage Vs via a different drive electrode, and therefore, is in a floating state.
- this control signal TSV since the control signal TSV whose voltage changes periodically is supplied to the signal wiring Lc, this control signal TSV is supplied to the drive electrode TL(n+1) as an electric field drive signal, and the drive electrode TL(n+1) generates an electric field in accordance with the change of the electric field drive signal. That is, in the drive electrode specified by the selection signal, an electric field in accordance with the electric field drive signal can be generated.
- the drive electrode TL(n+1) has been exemplified and described.
- the levels of the selection signals ST 00 , ST 10 , ST 20 , ST 30 , and ST 40 are set at the high level in this order.
- the levels of the selection signals ST 01 , ST 11 , ST 21 , ST 31 , and ST 41 are set at the low level in this order.
- the drive electrodes TL(n+1), TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+5), TL(n+9), and TL(n+13) are each specified in this order, and the electric field drive signal is supplied to the specified drive electrode.
- an electric field is generated in the drive electrodes TL(n+1), TL(n ⁇ 3), TL(n+5), TL(n+9), and TL(n+13) in this order.
- an electric field is generated in the specified drive electrode.
- the drive electrode TL(n+1) can be regarded as a predetermined drive electrode to which the electric field drive signal is supplied in the electric field touch detection.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are block diagrams each showing a configuration of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 particularly show the configuration of the switching amplification circuit SC-D& and the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n+8) among the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p).
- FIG. 11 shows the state of the magnetic field touch detection
- FIG. 12 shows the state of the electric field touch detection.
- the switching amplification circuit SC-D& and detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n+8) are the same between FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 . Therefore, configurations of the switching amplification circuit SC-D& and detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n+8) will be described with reference to FIG. 11 , but will not be described in FIG. 12 .
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB. As described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 7 , etc., this CF glass substrate CGB is stacked on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are arranged so as to extend in the column direction (vertical direction) and are parallel with each other in the row direction (horizontal direction). Therefore, when seen in a plan view, the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) intersect with the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p).
- FIG. 11 shows the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n+8) out of the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p).
- the following is the explanation using the exemplified detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n+8). Note that FIG. 11 is scaled down in order to easily see the drawing. However, these units are shown in the practical arrangement.
- one (double-winding) coil is formed by four detection electrodes. That is, the one end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 6) and the one end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 5) are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -D of the display area 2 , the other end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 6) and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 4) are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -U of the display area 2 , and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 5) and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 7) are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -U of the display area 2 .
- the one end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 4) is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D& in vicinity of the side 2 -D of the display area 2 as one end of a coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n ⁇ 4).
- the one end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 7) is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D& in vicinity of the side 2 -D of the display area 2 as the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n ⁇ 4).
- the coil is formed by connecting the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n ⁇ 4) arranged in parallel with each other in series, one end and the other end of the coil are connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D&.
- the one end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 2) and the one end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 1) are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -D of the display area 2
- the other end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 2) and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n) are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -U of the display area 2
- the other end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 1) and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 3) are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -U of the display area 2 .
- the one end of the detection electrode RL(n) is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D& in vicinity of the side 2 -D of the display area 2 as one end of a coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n), and the one end of the detection electrode RL(n ⁇ 3) is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D& in vicinity of the side 2 -D of the display area 2 as the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n).
- the one end of the detection electrode RL(n+2) and the one end of the detection electrode RL(n+3) are electrically connected to each other
- the other end of the detection electrode RL(n+2) and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n+4) are electrically connected to each other
- the other end of the detection electrode RL(n+3) and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n+1) are electrically connected to each other.
- the one end of the detection electrode RL(n+4) is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D& as one end of a coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+1) to RL(n+4), and the one end of the detection electrode RL(n+1) is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D& as the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+1) to RL(n+4).
- the one end of the detection electrode RL(n+6) and the one end of the detection electrode RL(n+7) are electrically connected to each other
- the other end of the detection electrode RL(n+6) and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n+8) are electrically connected to each other
- the other end of the detection electrode RL(n+7) and the other end of the detection electrode RL(n+5) are electrically connected to each other.
- the one end of the detection electrode RL(n+8) is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D& as one end of a coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+5) to RL(n+8), and the one end of the detection electrode RL(n+5) is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-D& as the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+5) to RL(n+8).
- the switching amplification circuit SC-D& includes a switching circuit (second switching circuit) SC-D and an amplifying circuit AMP.
- the switching circuit SC-D has a plurality of single-pole double-throw switches.
- FIG. 11 shows four single-pole double-throw switches corresponded to four coils formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n+8) as sixth switches S 50 to S 53 . Since each of these sixth switches S 50 to S 53 is a single-pole double-throw switch, each of these sixth switches S 50 to S 53 has a common terminal P, a first terminal C 1 , and a second terminal C 2 .
- One end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n ⁇ 4) is connected to the second terminal C 2 of the sixth switch S 50 , and the other end thereof is connected to the common terminal P of the sixth switch S 50 .
- One end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n) is connected to the second terminal C 2 of the sixth switch S 51 , and the other end thereof is connected to the common terminal P of the sixth switch S 51 .
- one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+1) to RL(n+4) is connected to the second terminal C 2 of the sixth switch S 52 , and the other end thereof is connected to the common terminal P of the sixth switch S 52 .
- one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+5) to RL(n+8) is connected to the second terminal C 2 of the sixth switch S 53 , and the other end thereof is connected to the common terminal P of the sixth switch S 53 .
- Each first terminal C 1 of the sixth switches S 50 to S 53 is connected to ground voltage (second voltage) Vs.
- Each of the sixth switches S 50 to S 53 is controlled by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN. That is, when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the high level indicating the magnetic field touch detection, the common terminal P of each of the sixth switches S 50 to S 53 is connected to the first terminal C 1 . On the other hand, when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the low level indicating the electric field touch detection, the common terminal P of the sixth switches S 50 to S 53 is connected to the second terminal C 2 .
- the amplifying circuit AMP has a plurality of unit amplifying circuits. Although each unit amplifying circuit is not limited, they have the same configuration so as to have a one-to-one relation with the coils formed of the detection electrodes. In the description while exemplifying FIG. 11 , the amplifying circuit AMP has four unit amplifying circuits. One end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n ⁇ 4) is connected to an input terminal of the corresponding unit amplifying circuit, and one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n) is connected to an input terminal of the corresponding unit amplifying circuit.
- one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+1) to RL(n+4) is connected to an input terminal of the corresponding unit amplifying circuit, and one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+5) to RL(n+8) is connected to an input terminal of the corresponding unit amplifying circuit.
- Outputs from these unit amplifying circuits are supplied to the detection circuit DET ( FIG. 5 ) as the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p).
- FIG. 11 shows only the unit amplifying circuit connected to one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n) among the four unit amplifying circuits.
- each unit amplifying circuit is formed of an integration circuit although not limited thereto. That is, the unit amplifying circuit includes an operational amplifier OP having an inverting ( ⁇ ) input and a non-inverting (+) input, an integration capacitive element CSS, and a reset switch RS. One end of the corresponding coil is connected to the inverting ( ⁇ ) input of the operational amplifier OP, and the non-inverting (+) input of the operational amplifier OP is connected to a ground voltage Vs. Between the output and the inverting ( ⁇ ) input of the operational amplifier OP, the integration capacitive element CSS and the reset switch RS are connected in parallel.
- the reset switch RS is switched on, so that the charge charged in the integration capacitive element CSS is discharged. Subsequently, the reset switch RS is switched off to start touch detection. A signal change in accordance with touching/non-touching or the distance from the externally-approaching object occurs on one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes. Such signal changes occur periodically.
- the integration circuit making up the unit amplifying circuit integrates signal changes in a predetermined period, and outputs an integration result as a detection signal Rx(n).
- the amplifying circuit AMP detects a signal change by amplifying the signal change, and therefore, can be regarded as a detection circuit. If the amplifying circuit AMP is regarded as a detection circuit, the unit amplifying circuit can be regarded as unit detection circuit.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is set at the high level.
- the common terminal P is connected to the first terminal C 1 at each of the sixth switches S 50 to S 53 as shown in FIG. 11 .
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied via the sixth switch S 50 to the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n ⁇ 4).
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied via the sixth switch S 51 to the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n)
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied via the sixth switch S 52 to the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+1) to RL(n+4).
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied via the sixth switch S 53 to the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+5) to RL(n+8).
- a magnetic field is generated by a coil formed of a plurality of drive electrodes (e.g., TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1)). If a pen is in close to the coil, the capacitive element C is charged by the pen internal coil L 1 as shown in FIG. 2A . Next, as shown in FIG. 2B , the pen internal coil L 1 then generates a magnetic field. According to the first embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the pen internal coil L 1 is detected by the coil formed of the plurality of detection electrodes (e.g., RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n)), which is shown in FIG. 11 .
- the plurality of detection electrodes e.g., RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n)
- an inductive voltage is generated in the coil formed of the detection electrodes.
- a signal in one end (the second terminal C 1 of the sixth switch) of the coil is changed on the basis of the ground voltage Vs supplied to the other end (the common terminal P of the sixth switch) of the coil.
- the signal supplied to the one end of the coil attenuates while oscillating vertically at the center of the ground voltage Vs which is the reference.
- the integration circuit making up the unit amplifying circuit integrates signal changes in the one end of the coil for a predetermined period, so that a detection signal (e.g., detection signal Rx(n)) is formed.
- FIG. 12 shows a state of the switching amplification circuit SC-D& in electric field touch detection.
- the difference from FIG. 11 is that the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the low level so as to indicate the electric field touch detection. Since the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the low level, the common terminal P of each of the sixth switches S 50 to S 53 is connected to the second terminal C 2 as shown in FIG. 12 .
- one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 7) to RL(n ⁇ 4) is electrically connected to the other end of the coil via the sixth switch S 50 .
- the other end of the coil is disconnected from the ground voltage Vs.
- one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n) is electrically connected to the other end of the coil via the sixth switch S 51
- one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+1) to RL(n+4) is electrically connected to the other end of the coil via the sixth switch S 52 .
- one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes RL(n+5) to RL(n+8) is electrically connected to the other end of the coil via the sixth switch S 53 .
- each coil Since the other end of each of the coils formed of the detection electrodes is electrically disconnected from the ground voltage Vs, each coil is in a floating state.
- an electric field drive signal whose voltage changes periodically is supplied to a selected drive electrode (e.g., drive electrode TL(n+1)).
- a selected drive electrode e.g., drive electrode TL(n+1)
- an electric field is generated between the selected drive electrode and the coil in the floating state which is formed of the detection electrodes.
- the electric charge changes, the signal changes occur at one end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes.
- Such signal changes are integrated for a predetermined time by the integration circuit making up the unit amplifying circuit, and the integration result is supplied to the detection circuit DET ( FIG. 5 ) as a detection signal (e.g., detection signal Rx(n)).
- the detection control circuit SR sequentially specifies each of the coils, for example, from the coil formed of the drive electrodes arranged close to the side 2 -U of the display area 2 to the coil formed of the drive electrodes arranged close to the side 2 -D of the display area 2 .
- signal changes at the plurality of coils formed of the detection electrodes arranged between the side 2 -R and the side 2 -L of the display area 2 are amplified by the amplifying circuit AMP ( FIG. 11 ), and the amplified signal changes are supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p).
- the display apparatus 1 can output the coordinates of the location touched by the pen and/or the handwriting pressure, or others.
- the detection control circuit SR sequentially specifies each of the coils, for example, from the drive electrodes arranged close to the side 2 -U of the display area 2 to the drive electrodes arranged close to the side 2 -D of the display area 2 .
- signal changes at the plurality of coils (the coils in the floating state) formed of the detection electrodes arranged between the side 2 -R and the side 2 -L of the display area 2 are amplified by the amplifying circuit AMP ( FIG. 11 ), and the amplified signal changes are supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p). In this manner, it can be detected whether the pen touches or not in a range from the side 2 -U to the side 2 -D in the display area 2 , so that the display apparatus 1 can output the coordinates of the location touched by the pen or others.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of the display apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the display apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 partially shows an area including the drive electrode TL(n) in the display area 2 .
- a cross section of an area indicated by a single-dot chain line B-B′ in FIG. 13 is shown in FIG. 14A
- a cross section of an area indicated by a single-dot chain line C-C′ in FIG. 13 is shown in FIG. 14B .
- FIGS. 13 and 14 an example of the structures of the drive electrodes, signal lines, scanning lines, and detection electrodes will be described.
- FIG. 13 shows the drive electrode TL(n) and a part of the drive electrode TL(n+1) arranged close to the drive electrode TL(n).
- the drive electrode TL(n) and the drive electrode TL(n+1) extend in the row direction (horizontal direction), and are arranged in parallel with each other in the column direction (vertical direction).
- auxiliary electrodes SM When seen in a plan view, a plurality of auxiliary electrodes SM extend in parallel with the drive electrode TL(n) and drive electrode TL(n+1). In this drawing, three auxiliary electrodes SM extend in parallel with the drive electrode TL(n) and are electrically connected the drive electrode TL(n). And, two auxiliary electrodes SM extend in parallel with the drive electrode TL(n+1) and are electrically connected thereto. Similarly, when seen in a plan view, the scanning lines GL(m) to GL(m+4) also extend in parallel with the electrode TL(n) and drive electrode TL(n+1).
- a plurality of signal lines extend in the column direction and are in parallel with each other in the row direction so as to intersect with the drive electrode TL(n) and drive electrode TL(n+1).
- reference characters SL(n ⁇ 1) to SL(n+1) are denoted as examples.
- FIG. 14A A cross section of the area indicated by the single-dot chain line B-B′ in FIG. 13 is shown in FIG. 14A , and the cross section of the area indicated by the single-dot chain line C-C′ in FIG. 13 is shown in FIG. 14B .
- the first conductive layer 701 is formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB, and the scanning line GL (m+2) is formed of this first conductive layer 701 ( FIG. 7 ).
- the insulating layer 702 made of, for example, silicon nitride is formed on the scanning line GL (m+2), and the second conductive layer 703 is formed on the insulating layer 702 .
- the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 1) to SL(n+1) are formed of this second conductive layer 703 .
- the second conductive layer 703 is shown as the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 1) to SL(n+1) made of the second insulating layer 703 .
- the insulating layer 704 formed of an insulating layer made of, for example, silicon nitride and an inter-layer resin is formed.
- the third conductive layer 705 is formed.
- the drive electrode TL(n) and the auxiliary electrodes SM are formed.
- the drive electrode TL(n) is formed of a transparent electrode with high transmittance made of, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO)
- the auxiliary electrode SM is made of a low-resistance conductive layer such as aluminum (Al) layer.
- the drive electrode formed of the transparent electrode and the auxiliary electrode SM (second electrode) whose resistance is lower than that of the drive electrode are collectively called drive electrode unless otherwise specified.
- the insulating layer 706 made of silicon nitride or others is formed.
- a pixel electrode LDP is formed on the insulating layer 706 .
- the pixel electrode LDP is also formed of a transparent electrode.
- the liquid crystal layer 707 is sandwiched on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- the detection electrode is formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- the detection electrode is omitted in FIG. 13 .
- the plurality of detection electrodes extend in the column direction and are in parallel with each other in the row direction so that the detection electrodes are in parallel with the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 1) to SL(n+1) when seen in a plan view.
- the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+3) are shown as examples.
- FIG. 14B shows the cross section of the area indicated by the single-dot chain line C-C′ intersecting with the single-dot chain line B-B′ in FIG. 13 , and therefore, the scanning lines GL(m+3) and GL(m+2) formed of the first conductive layer 701 ( FIG. 7 ) are shown in FIG. 14B .
- FIG. 14B also shows the drive electrodes TL(n+1) and TL(n) and auxiliary electrodes SM that are formed of the third conductive layer 705 , and the pixel electrode LDP.
- FIG. 14B further shows the detection electrode RL(n) formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB which is opposite to the TFT glass substrate TGB across the liquid crystal layer 707 .
- the scanning lines and drive electrodes overlap the signal lines so as to intersect with the signal lines as shown in FIG. 13 .
- they overlap each other via the insulating layers, and are electrically isolated from each other.
- the detection electrodes omitted in FIG. 13 also overlap the drive electrodes and scanning lines when seen in a plan view, they overlap via the insulating layer as shown in FIG. 14 , and are electrically isolated from each other.
- FIG. 15 are diagrams schematically showing examples of detection electrodes.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view schematically showing the plurality of detection electrodes arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+2) of the plurality of detection electrodes are shown as representative.
- the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+2) are arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB so that they are in parallel with each other in the display area 2 . That is, in the display area 2 , the detection electrodes are arranged so that they extend in the column direction (vertical direction) and are in parallel with each other in the row direction (horizontal direction).
- the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+2) are arranged so as to be sandwiched between the side 2 -R and the side 2 -L of the display area 2 when seen in a plan view, and intersect with each of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p).
- each detection electrode is formed of four unit detection electrodes URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ) although not limited.
- each of the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+2) is formed of four unit detection electrodes.
- FIG. 15A in order to avoid complicated illustration, only the four unit detection electrodes making up the detection electrode RL(n) are denoted with the reference characters URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ). However, each of the rest of detection electrodes is also formed of the four unit detection electrodes URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ).
- the four unit detection electrodes URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ) extend in the column direction while bending.
- the four unit detection electrodes URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ) making up the respective detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+2) are connected to connection electrodes RCU(n ⁇ 2) to RCU(n+2) in vicinity of the side 2 -U of the display area 2 ( FIG. 6 ).
- the four unit detection electrodes URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ) are connected also to connection electrodes RCD(n ⁇ 2) to RCD(n+2) in vicinity of the side 2 -D of the display area 2 ( FIG. 6 ).
- the unit detection electrodes URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ) are electrically connected to each other by the connection electrodes RCU(n ⁇ 2) to RCU(n+2) and connection electrodes RCD(n ⁇ 2) to RCD(n+2), respectively.
- each one end of the four unit detection electrodes URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ) making up the detection electrode RL(n) is electrically connected to the connection electrode RCU(n), and the other end thereof is connected to the connection electrode RCD(n). In this manner, the resistance of the detection electrode RL(n) is set to low. The same goes for other detection electrodes.
- connection electrodes RCU(n ⁇ 2) to RCU(n+2) is arranged along the side 2 -U of the display area 2 on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB, while each of the connection electrodes RCD(n ⁇ 2) to RCD(n+2) is arranged along the side 2 -D of the display area 2 on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- the plurality of coils are formed of the plurality of detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p). Therefore, the connection electrodes RCU corresponding to two detection electrodes are electrically connected to each other.
- each formed coil is a coil having the number of the winding of two or more
- the connection electrodes RCD corresponding to two detection electrodes are electrically connected to each other.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 show a case in which the coil formed of detection electrodes is the double-winding coil as an example. However, here, a case in which the coil formed of detection electrodes is a single-winding coil will be described for simplification.
- the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+2) are paired. Since the connection electrodes RCU(n ⁇ 2) to RCU(n+2) correspond to the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+2), the connection electrodes RCU(n ⁇ 2) to RCU(n+2) are also paired, and a pair of two connection electrodes RCU are electrically connected to each other. On the other hand, the connection electrodes RCD(n ⁇ 2) to RCD(n+2) corresponding to the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 2) to RL(n+2) are connected to the switching circuit SC-D arranged on the TFT glass substrate TGB, via signal lines arranged on the CF glass substrate CGB.
- FIG. 15B is a plan view of a pair of the detection electrode RL(n) and the detection electrode RL(n+1).
- CCU(n:n+1) indicates a common connection electrode electrically connecting the connection electrode RCU(n) to the connection electrode RCU(n+1).
- URL( 1 ) to URL( 4 ) are denoted.
- a broken line DRL indicates a dummy electrode arranged between the detection electrodes. The dummy electrode DRL is arranged in parallel with the unit detection electrode, and is arranged so as to be sandwiched between the detection electrodes.
- the dummy electrode DRL is not arranged, an area where the detection electrode is arranged and an area where no detection electrode is arranged are different from each other in reflection. By the arrangement of the dummy electrode DRL between the detection electrodes, the reflection can be uniformed.
- connection electrode RCD(n+1) corresponding to the detection electrode RL(n+1) serves as one end of a coil formed of detection electrodes, and is connected to, for example, the second terminal of the sixth switch S 51 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 .
- the connection electrode RCD(n) corresponding to the detection electrode RL(n) serves as the other end of the coil formed of the detection electrodes, and is connected to, for example, the common terminal P of the sixth switch S 51 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 .
- Connection electrodes RCU corresponding to other detection electrodes are paired, and are connected to the common connection electrode CCU.
- the connection electrodes RCD corresponding to the detection electrodes are connected to the second terminal C 2 and the common terminal P of the sixth switch as one end and the other end of the coil.
- a single-winding coil is formed of two detection electrodes arranged close to and in parallel with each other.
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are specified as first detection electrodes, and second detection electrodes electrically isolated from the first detection electrodes are formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- Two second detection electrodes are electrically connected to each other in vicinity of the side 2 -U of the display area 2 .
- a connection electrode corresponding to one of the electrically-connected second detection electrodes is connected to, for example, the connection electrode RCD(n+1) shown in FIG.
- a connection electrode corresponding to the other of the second detection electrodes is connected to the second terminal C 2 of the sixth switch as an end of a coil.
- a multiple-winding coil double-winding coil
- an insulating layer is formed between the first detection electrode and the second detection electrode to separate the first detection electrode from the second detection electrode.
- the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection are executed by the drive electrodes formed on the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- FIG. 16 shows plan views conceptually showing configurations of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 according to the modification.
- FIG. 16A shows a state in the magnetic field touch detection
- FIG. 16B shows a state in electric field touch detection.
- a plurality of first drive electrodes TLX( 0 ) to TLX(p) and a plurality of second drive electrodes TLY( 0 ) to TLY(p) are formed by the third conductive layer 705 described above with reference to FIG. 7 , etc.
- the plurality of second drive electrodes TLY( 0 ) to TLY(p) extend in the column direction (vertical direction) and are in parallel with each other in the row direction (horizontal direction).
- the plurality of first drive electrodes TLX( 0 ) to TLX(p) extend in the row direction and are in parallel with each other in the column direction.
- 16A and 16B show only the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) out of the above-described second drive electrodes and the first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2) to TLX(n+1) out of the above-described first drive electrodes.
- Each of the first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2) to TLX(n+1) has a plurality of unit first drive electrodes. That is, the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) has unit first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2):0 to TLX(n ⁇ 2):4, and the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 1) has unit first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 1):0 to TLX(n ⁇ 1):4. In the same manner, the first drive electrode TLX(n) has unit first drive electrodes TLX(n):0 to TLX(n):4, and the first drive electrode TLX(n+1) has unit first drive electrodes TLX(n+1):0 to TLX(n+1):4.
- the unit first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2):0 to TLX(n ⁇ 2):4 included in the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) are physically separated from each other.
- the unit first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 1):0 to TLX(n ⁇ 1):4 are separated from each other, the unit first drive electrodes TLX(n):0 to TLX(n):4 are separated from each other, and the unit first drive electrodes TLX(n+1):0 to TLX(n+1):4 are separated from each other.
- the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) are arranged so that the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) extend in an area that separates the unit first drive electrodes from each other.
- the unit first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2):0 to TLX(n ⁇ 2):4 arrangement of the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) will be described as follows.
- the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 2) extends through an area that separates the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):0 from the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):1, and the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 1) extends through an area that separates the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):1 from the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):2.
- the second drive electrode TLY(n) extends through an area that separates the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):2 from the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):3, and the second drive electrode TLY(n+1) extends through an area that separates the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):3 from the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):4.
- the second drive electrode similarly extend through the area that separates the unit first drive electrodes from each other.
- a plurality of unit first drive electrodes making up the same first drive electrode are electrically connected to each other by a signal wiring formed of a conductive layer different from the third conductive layer 705 , that is, formed of, for example, the first conductive layer 701 ( FIG. 7 ).
- the unit first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2):0 to TLX(n ⁇ 2):4 making up the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) are electrically connected to each other by a signal wiring G(n ⁇ 2) formed of the first conductive layer 701 .
- the unit first drive electrodes making up each of the rest of first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 1) to TLX(n+1) are electrically connected to each other by each of signal lines G(n ⁇ 1) to G(n+1) formed of the first conductive layer 701 .
- first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2) to TLX(n+1) and the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) are formed of the same third conductive layer 705 , the first drive electrodes and the second drive electrodes intersect with each other when seen in a plan view while the first drive electrodes and the second drive electrodes are electrically isolated from each other.
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to each one end of the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 1) and the second drive electrode TLY(n+1).
- Each one end of the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 2) and the second drive electrode TLY(n) is connected to the amplifying circuit AMP shown in FIG. 11 , and is connected to the input of the integration circuit in the amplifying circuit AMP.
- the other ends of the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 2) and the second drive electrode TLY(n) are electrically connected to each other, and the other ends of the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 1) and the second drive electrode TLY(n+1) are also electrically connected to each other.
- a single-winding coil having the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 2) and second drive electrode TLY(n) as its winding is formed, and a single-winding coil having the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 1) and second drive electrode TLY(n+1) as its winding is also formed.
- the integration circuit is connected to one end of the formed coil, and the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the other end.
- the coli clock signal CLK is supplied to the one end of the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) as a magnetic field drive signal, and the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the one end of the first drive electrode TLX(n).
- respective other ends of the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) and first drive electrode TLX(n) are electrically connected to each other, and respective other ends of the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 1) and first drive electrode TLX(n+1) are also electrically connected to each other.
- a single-winding coil having the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) and first drive electrode TLX(n) as its winding is formed, and a single-winding coil having the second drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 1) and first drive electrode TLX(n+1) as its winding is formed.
- the magnetic field drive signal (coil clock signal CLK) is supplied to one end of the coil formed of the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) and first drive electrode TLX(n), while the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the other end thereof.
- coil clock signal CLK coil clock signal
- a magnetic field is generated in accordance with the change in the magnetic field drive signal.
- the pen internal coil generates a magnetic field in accordance with the charge charged in the capacitive element.
- a signal changes at the coil formed of the second drive electrodes. This signal change at the coil is amplified by the amplifying circuit AMP, and the presence/absence of the pen or the handwriting pressure is detected by the detection circuit DET.
- the magnetic field drive signal (coil clock signal CLK) is supplied to the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2), and then, to the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 1). At this time, the ground voltage Vs is supplied not to the first drive electrode TLX(n) but to the first drive electrode TLX(n+1). In this manner, a coil that generates a magnetic field is sequentially switched.
- a plurality of coils formed of the second drive electrodes partially overlap each other when seen in a plan view.
- a plurality of coils formed of the first drive electrodes also partially overlap each other. That is, when one coil is paid attention, between the second drive electrodes (one first drive electrodes) which are the winding of the attention-getting coil, the second drive electrode (first drive electrode) which is the winding of an adjacent other coil is arranged.
- a magnetic field generated by the coil becomes stronger in an area between the windings of the coil, that is, inside the coil.
- the magnetic field detection sensitivity is also high in the area between the windings of the coil (inside the coil). Therefore, by the partial overlap of the coils, an area where a magnetic field weakens or an area where the magnetic field detection sensitivity is low can be reduced.
- FIG. 16B An operation in the electric field touch detection will be described with reference to FIG. 16B .
- the configurations of the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) and first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2) to TLX(n+1) shown FIG. 16B are the same with those shown in FIG. 16A , and therefore, will be omitted in further description.
- each other end of the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) is put in a floating state. Also, respective one ends of the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 2) and second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 1) are electrically connected to each other, and respective one ends of the second drive electrode TLY(n) and second drive electrode TLY(n+1) are also electrically connected to each other.
- Each one end of the second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 2) and second drive electrode TLY(n ⁇ 1) that are electrically connected to each other is connected to the amplifying circuit AMP of FIG. 12 , and each one end of the second drive electrode TLY(n) and second drive electrode TLY(n+1) that are electrically connected to each other is also connected to the amplifying circuit AMP.
- each other end of the first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2) to TLX(n+1) is put in a floating state.
- the control signal TSV which is an electric field drive signal is supplied to each one end of the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) and first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 1).
- the charge amount at the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) changes depending on whether the finger touch is performed or not, and a signal change at the second drive electrodes in accordance with this change in the charge amount.
- a signal change at the second drive electrodes is amplified by the amplifying circuit AMP and is detected by the detection circuit DET. As a result, the touching/non-touching by the finger, etc., can be detected.
- the electric field drive signal is supplied to the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2) and second drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 1), and then, the electric field drive signal is supplied to, for example, the first drive electrode TLX(n) and first drive electrode TLX(n+1) to detect the touch related to the first drive electrode TLX(n) and first drive electrode TLX(n+1).
- a display drive signal is supplied to each of the second drive electrodes TLY(n ⁇ 2) to TLY(n+1) and the first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2) to TLX(n+1). In this manner, the display based on voltages at signal lines and the display drive signal is performed.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view of a configuration of the display apparatus according to the modification.
- TLY(n ⁇ 5) to TLY(n+4) indicate second drive electrodes
- TLX( 0 ) to TLX(p) indicate first drive electrodes.
- the second drive electrodes and first drive electrodes are formed of the third conductive layer 705 formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- the explanation has been made about the case in which one winding of the adjacent coil is arranged inside the coil formed of the second drive electrodes so that the coils partially overlap each other.
- FIG. 16 the explanation has been made about the case in which one winding of the adjacent coil is arranged inside the coil formed of the second drive electrodes so that the coils partially overlap each other.
- each of the first drive electrodes TLX( 0 ) to TLX(p) has a plurality of unit first drive electrodes as described above with reference to FIG. 16 , and the plurality of unit first drive electrodes are electrically connected to each other by the signal wiring.
- FIG. 18 show a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a part at which the second drive electrode TLY(n) intersects with the first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2) to TLX(n+2) in FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 18A is a plan view of the part at which the second drive electrode TLY(n) intersects with the first drive electrodes TLX(n ⁇ 2) to TLX(n+2)
- FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view of a part shown along a single-dot chain line D-D′ of FIG. 18A .
- the second drive electrode TLY(n) is indicated by a broken line.
- TLX(n ⁇ 2):0 and TLX(n ⁇ 2):1 indicate unit first drive electrodes making up the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2)
- TLX(n ⁇ 1):0 and TLX(n ⁇ 1):1 indicate unit first drive electrodes making up the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 1)
- TLX(n):0 and TLX(n):1 indicate unit first drive electrodes making up the first drive electrode TLX(n).
- TLX(n+1):0 and TLX(n+1):1 indicate unit first drive electrodes making up the first drive electrode TLX(n+1), and TLX(n+2):0 and TLX(n+2):1 indicate unit first drive electrodes making up the first drive electrode TLX(n+2).
- each of the second drive electrodes TLY( 0 ) to TLY(p) extends in parallel with the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p), while the first drive electrodes TLX( 0 ) to TLX(p) extend in parallel with the scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p).
- FIG. 17 when seen in a plan view, each of the second drive electrodes TLY( 0 ) to TLY(p) extends in parallel with the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p), while the first drive electrodes TLX( 0 ) to TLX(p) extend in parallel with the scanning lines GL( 0 ) to GL(p).
- the unit first drive electrodes making up the same first drive electrode are electrically connected to each other by each of the signal lines G(n ⁇ 2) to G(n+2) formed of the first conductive layer 701 ( FIG. 7 ) formed on the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- the scanning lines GL(m ⁇ 3) to GL(m+6) are also formed of the first conductive layer 701 , and therefore, the signal lines G(n ⁇ 2) to G(n+2) connecting the unit first drive electrodes to each other and the scanning lines GL(m ⁇ 3) to GL(m+6) are formed of the first conductive layer 701 . In this manner, even if a new conductive layer is not provided, the unit first drive electrodes can be electrically connected to each other.
- the unit first drive electrodes are connected to each other by two signal wirings.
- two signal wirings G(n ⁇ 2) are arranged in parallel with each other between the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):0 and the unit first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 2):1 so as to electrically connect them. In this manner, even if the resistance values of the signal wirings G(n ⁇ 2) are relatively high, the combined resistance can be reduced.
- switches not shown are connected in vicinity of the side 2 -U of the display area 2 (see, e.g., FIG. 6 ) between each of the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 1) to SL(n+1) which overlap the second drive electrode TLY(n) and the second drive electrode TLY(n).
- switches not shown are also connected in vicinity of the side 2 -D of the display area 2 (see, e.g., FIG. 6 ) between each of the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 1) to SL(n+1) and the second drive electrode TLY(n).
- a reference character “LDP” indicates a pixel electrode
- reference characters “SL(n ⁇ 3)” to “SL(n+3)” indicate signal lines formed of the second conductive layer 703 ( FIG. 7 ).
- a reference character TLY(n) indicates the second drive electrode formed of the third conductive layer 705 .
- Each reference character TLX (n ⁇ 1):0 and TLX (n ⁇ 1):1 indicates a unit first drive electrode making up the first drive electrode TLX(n ⁇ 1).
- the unit first drive electrodes TLX (n ⁇ 1):0 and TLX (n ⁇ 1):1 are also formed of the third conductive layer 705 but are physically separated from each other.
- a reference character G(n ⁇ 1) indicates a signal wiring formed of the first conductive layer 701 .
- the unit first drive electrodes TLX (n ⁇ 1):0 and TLX (n ⁇ 1):1, which are physically separated from each other, are electrically connected to the signal wiring G(n ⁇ 1) via openings formed on the insulating layer 704 , etc.
- the unit first drive electrodes TLX (n ⁇ 1):0 and TLX (n ⁇ 1):1 which are physically separated from each other are electrically connected to each other, and can transmit a magnetic field drive signal, an electric field drive signal, and a display drive signal as describe above with reference to FIG. 16 .
- magnetic field generating coil (hereinafter “magnetic field generating coil” or “first coil”) that generates a magnetic field is formed of the first drive electrodes TLX and a coil (hereinafter “magnetic field detection coil” or “second coil”) that detects a magnetic field is formed of the second drive electrodes TLY.
- first coil a coil that generates a magnetic field
- second coil a coil that detects a magnetic field is formed of the second drive electrodes TLY.
- the coil formation is not limited to this example.
- a magnetic field generating coil may be formed of the second drive electrodes TLY
- a magnetic field detection coil may be formed of the first drive electrodes TLX.
- the magnetic field generating coil that generates a magnetic field and the magnetic field detection coil that detects a magnetic field generated from the pen are different coils from each other.
- the magnetic field generating coil is formed of the drive electrodes, while the magnetic field detection coil is formed of the detection electrodes.
- the magnetic field generating coil is formed of first drive electrodes, while the magnetic field detection coil is formed of second drive electrodes.
- the pen keeps generating a magnetic field because of electric charges charged on the capacitive element. Therefore, also in the period of the wait for the convergence of the change at the coil, the electric charges charged on the capacitive element are lost. Therefore, when the detection of the magnetic field is delayed, the magnetic field from the pen is weakened, and the detection accuracy is decreased.
- the magnetic field detection coil that detects the magnetic field generated by the pen is a different coil from the magnetic field generating coil. Therefore, even when the voltage and others change at the magnetic field generating coil after the supply of the magnetic field drive signal is stopped, the magnetic field detection can be started in a short time because the voltage and others do not change at the magnetic field detection coil. In this manner, the detection delay can be prevented. And, since the detection can be started without waiting for the convergence of the change at the magnetic field generating coil, the detection can be started when a strong magnetic field is generated from the pen, so that the decrease in detection accuracy can be prevented.
- the drive electrodes are used while being switched by the switching circuits SC-R and SC-L as drive electrodes that form magnetic field generating coils or as drive electrodes that generate an electric field. That is, magnetic field generating coils are formed of drive electrodes in the magnetic field touch detection, and the magnetic field drive signal and the predetermined voltage (ground voltage Vs) are supplied to a selected magnetic field generating coil.
- a selected drive electrode is put in a floating state, and the electric field drive signal is supplied to the selected drive electrode. In this manner, in electric field touch detection, an electric field in accordance with the electric field drive signal can be generated from the selected drive electrode.
- the detection electrodes are used while being switched as detection electrodes that form magnetic field detection coils or as detection electrodes that detect an electric field. That is, in the magnetic field touch detection, the predetermined voltage (ground voltage Vs) is supplied to a magnetic field detection coil to detect a signal change at the magnetic field detection coil with reference to the predetermined voltage. On the other hand, in electric field touch detection, a detection electrode is put in a floating state, and a change in electric charges caused by a touch is detected as a signal change at the detection electrode.
- the predetermined voltage ground voltage Vs
- electric field touch detection a detection electrode is put in a floating state, and a change in electric charges caused by a touch is detected as a signal change at the detection electrode.
- the same electrodes (drive electrodes or detection electrodes) can be used for magnetic field touch detection and electric field touch detection, and therefore, it is not required to provide a new electrode or signal wiring for magnetic field touch detection and/or electric field touch detection, and therefore, rise in the price of the display apparatus can be suppressed.
- both the magnetic field generating coil and the magnetic field detection coil are formed of drive electrodes in the magnetic field touch detection.
- electric field touch detection the electric field is generated and detected by the drive electrodes. Therefore, even if, for example, the detection electrode is not provided, the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection can be executed, so that the rise in the price of the display apparatus can be suppressed.
- the formation of the magnetic field generating coils and/or magnetic field detection coils is considered, the formation using only a transparent electrode as the drive electrode without using the auxiliary electrode SM (second electrode) having the resistance lower than that of the transparent electrode.
- the magnetic field generating coil is formed of the drive electrode (not including the auxiliary electrode SM)
- the strength of magnetic fields has the variation in the display area 2 since the resistance of the drive electrode is high.
- the magnetic field drive signal is supplied from the side 2 -D of the display area 2 to the drive electrodes.
- a magnetic field generated on the side 2 -U becomes weaker than a magnetic field generated on the side 2 -D. Therefore, the strength if the magnetic field has the variation in in the display area 2 , and the strength of the magnetic field is distributed.
- the resistance of the drive electrodes is high, and therefore, an input signal change at the amplifying circuit AMP that is caused by a magnetic field change in an area distant from the amplifying circuit AMP in the display area 2 is adversely different from an input signal change at the amplifying circuit AMP that is caused by a magnetic field change in an area close to the amplifying circuit AMP. Therefore, also when the magnetic field detection coils are formed of the drive electrodes, detection sensitivity may vary at the detection position (area) in the display area 2 .
- both of the magnetic field generating coils and the magnetic field detection coils are formed of drive electrodes formed of transparent electrodes, both of the variation in magnetic field generation and the variation in electric field detection occur as described above.
- the change in the signal supplied to the amplifying circuit AMP has the variation at the detection position in the display area 2 .
- the characteristics such as an amplification factor, of the amplifying circuit AMP detection circuit
- this change becomes the large load, and there is a risk of the rise in the price of the display apparatus.
- the magnetic field generating coil is formed of the drive electrode having the transparent electrode and the auxiliary electrode.
- the transparent electrode has relatively large resistance while the auxiliary electrode has resistance smaller than that of the transparent electrode. Therefore, the drive electrode having the transparent electrode and the auxiliary electrode (second electrode) connected in parallel with the transparent electrode has a small combined resistance. In this manner, in the generation of the magnetic field, a strong magnetic field can be generated, so that the electric charges charged in the capacitive element in the pen can be increased.
- the magnetic field detection coil that detects a magnetic field from the pen is formed of detection electrodes formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- the detection electrode is made of, for example, aluminum, and therefore has small resistance.
- the conductive layers formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB are fewer than the conductive layers formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- a plurality of conductive layers making up scanning lines, signal lines, drive electrodes, etc. are formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB, while only the conductive layer making up detection electrodes are formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB. Therefore, the parasitic capacitance created by the detection electrodes is small.
- the magnetic field detection coil is formed of the detection electrodes having small resistance and creating small parasitic capacitance, and therefore, a variation in detection sensitivity can be reduced in the display area 2 .
- the magnetic field generating coil using the drive electrode having the transparent electrode and auxiliary electrode is used to generate a strong magnetic field.
- the magnetic field detection coil using the detection electrode having small resistance and creating small parasitic capacitance is used to detect the magnetic field. Since a strong magnetic field can be generated even if the generated magnetic field has the variation in the display area 2 , the effect of the magnetic field variation can be reduced by increasing the electric charges charged in the capacitive element in the pen. On the other hand, when the magnetic field from the pen is detected, the variation in detection sensitivity in the display area 2 can be reduced by using the detection electrodes.
- the amplifying circuit AMP is in common between the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection.
- the value of a signal change occurring at the detection electrode making up the coil in the magnetic field touch detection is different from the value of a signal change occurring at the detection electrode in electric field touch detection. Therefore, it is desirable to change or switch the characteristics of the amplifying circuit AMP between the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection. For example, it is desirable to switch the value of the integration capacitance CGS ( FIGS. 11 and 12 ) between the magnetic field touch detection and the electric field touch detection.
- the magnetic field generating coil and the magnetic field detection coil are formed of the drive electrodes.
- the electric field is generated and detected by using the drive electrodes.
- the drive electrode making up the magnetic field generating coil is constructed by electrically connecting the physically-separated unit drive electrodes (unit first drive electrodes) to each other by the signal wiring. Since the physically-separated unit drive electrodes are connected to each other by the signal wiring, there is a risk in which the drive electrode making up the magnetic field generating coil has a large resistance and a large parasitic capacitance. However, for example, even if the detection electrode is not provided, that magnetic field touch detection and electric field touch detection can be executed, and the rise in the price of the display apparatus can be suppressed.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a configuration of the display apparatus 1 according to a second embodiment. Since FIG. 19 is similar to FIG. 5 , differences will mainly be described.
- the gate driver 5 , touch controller 6 , and signal line driver D-DRV shown in FIG. 19 are the same as the gate driver 5 , touch controller 6 , and signal line driver D-DRV of FIG. 5 , and therefore will be omitted in further description.
- the control circuit D-CNT of FIG. 19 is similar to the circuit D-CNT of FIG. 5
- the control circuit D-CNT of FIG. 19 in addition to the control circuit D-CNT of FIG.
- the display control signal DP_EN indicating a display period and an inverted display control signal /DP_EN created by inverting a phase of the display control signal DP_EN.
- These display control signal DP_EN and inverted display control signal /DP_EN are generated based on, for example, the synchronizing signal TSHD.
- the display control signal DP_EN is set at the high level in the display period, and is set at the low level in the magnetic field touch detection and electric field touch detection. Therefore, the inverted display control signal /DP_EN is set at the low level in the display period and is set at the high level in the magnetic field touch detection or electric field touch detection.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are arranged so as to extend in the row direction (horizontal direction) and are parallel with each other in the column direction (vertical direction), and intersect with the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p).
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are arranged so as to extend in the column direction and are parallel with each other in the row direction.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are arranged so as to extend in the column direction and are parallel with each other in the row direction.
- the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) are arranged so as to extend in the column direction and are parallel with each other in the row direction.
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are arranged so as to extend in the row direction and are parallel with each other in the column direction.
- the detection electrodes (second wirings) RL( 0 ) to RL(p) intersect with the drive electrodes (first wirings) TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and also with the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) in the display area 2 A.
- a reference character “ 3 A” indicates a signal line selector.
- the signal line selector 3 A operates as similar to the signal selector 3 of FIG. 5 does in the display period. That is, to the signal line selector 3 A, an image signal is supplied from the signal line driver D-DRV in a time-division manner. In the display period, the supplied image signal is transmitted to proper signal lines in accordance with the selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 .
- the signal line selector 3 A electrically connects signal lines to drive electrodes.
- a switching circuit SC-UA 1 is arranged along the side 2 -U of the display area 2 A. This switching circuit SC-UA 1 also electrically connects signal lines to drive electrodes in touch detection period.
- signal lines are electrically connected to drive electrodes in portions close to the side 2 -U and close to the side 2 -D in the display area 2 A. In this manner, in the touch detection period, the combined resistance of the drive electrodes is reduced.
- the drive electrode arranged between the signal line selector 3 A and the display area 2 A is omitted, and only the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) are shown.
- the signal line arranged between the display area 2 A and the switching circuit SC-UA 1 is omitted, and only the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are shown.
- a selection signal is supplied from a detection control circuit SX to a switching drive circuit (drive circuit or first switching circuit) SC-DA.
- a switching drive circuit SC-DA To the switching drive circuit SC-DA, the predetermined voltage VCOMDC and the ground voltage Vs are supplied.
- the coil clock signal CLK To the switching drive circuit SC-DA, the coil clock signal CLK is supplied in the magnetic field touch detection, and the control signal TSV (denoted as CLK/TSV) whose voltage changes periodically is supplied in electric field touch detection.
- a switching circuit SC-UA 2 is arranged in vicinity of the side 2 -U of the display area 2 A.
- the switching circuit SC-UA 2 is connected to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) in a portion close to the side 2 -U, and electrically connects the predetermined drive electrodes in the magnetic field touch detection.
- the predetermined drive electrodes are electrically connected to each other.
- the predetermined drive electrodes are electrically connected to each other by the switching circuit SC-UA 2 , so that a plurality of magnetic field generating coils taking the drive electrodes as their windings are formed.
- the switching drive circuit SC-DA selects a magnetic field generating coil that generates a magnetic field out of the plurality of magnetic field generating coils, and supplies the ground voltage Vs and coil clock signal CLK to the selected magnetic field generating coil.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied as a magnetic field drive signal on the basis of the ground voltage Vs as a reference voltage, so that a magnetic field in accordance with the magnetic field drive signal is generated.
- the signal line is electrically connected to the drive electrode by the signal line selector 3 A and switching circuit SC-UA 1 , and therefore, the combined resistance of the drive electrodes can be reduced, and the selected magnetic field generating coil generates a strong magnetic field.
- the switching circuit SC-UA 2 electrically disconnects the drive electrodes from each other.
- the switching drive circuit SC-DA puts a drive electrode selected by a selection signal from the detection control circuit SX in a floating state, and supplies the control signal TSV to the selected drive electrode as an electric filed drive signal. In this manner, the selected drive electrode generates an electric field in accordance with the electric field drive signal.
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) arranged in the display area 2 A are connected to switching amplification circuits (second switching circuits or detection circuits) SC-LA and SC-RA via signal wirings RLL( 0 ) to RLL(p).
- switching amplification circuits second switching circuits or detection circuits
- SC-LA and SC-RA signal wirings
- RLL( 0 ) to RLL(p) signal wirings
- the paired detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ) are electrically connected to each other in a location closer to the side 2 -L, and are connected to the signal wirings RLL( 0 ) and RLL( 1 ) and to the switching amplification circuit SC-LA in a location closer to the side 2 -R.
- the paired detection electrodes RL( 2 ) and RL( 3 ) are electrically connected to each other in a location closer to the side 2 -R, and are connected to the signal wirings RLL( 2 ) and RLL( 3 ) and to the switching amplification circuit SC-RA in a location closer to the side 2 -L.
- the switching amplification circuits SC-RA and SC-LA supply the ground voltage Vs to first signal wirings (e.g., signal wirings RLL( 1 ), RLL( 3 ), etc., which are also called switching signal wirings) out of the signal wirings RLL( 0 ) to RLL(p), amplify a signal change at each of second signal wirings (e.g., signal wirings RLL( 0 ), RLL( 2 ), etc., which are also called detection signal wirings), and supply the amplified signal change to the detection circuit DET as a detection signal Rx.
- a single-winding magnetic field detection coil is formed by the detection electrodes arranged close to and parallel with each other.
- the switching amplification circuits SC-RA and SC-LA receives and amplifies a signal change at the magnetic field detection coil via the detection signal wirings on the basis of the ground voltage Vs as a reference voltage.
- a detection signal in accordance with a magnetic field from the pen can be supplied to the detection circuit DET, so that the presence/absence of the pen and/or the handwriting pressure can be detected.
- the switching amplification circuits SC-RA and SC-LA put the switching signal wiring out of the signal wirings RLL( 0 ) to RLL(p) in a floating state, amplify a signal change at the detection signal wiring, and supply the amplified signal change to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx.
- the electric field is changed depending on whether the finger touches or not. In accordance with this change, a signal at the detection signal wiring is changed.
- the detection signal Rx by the detection circuit DET determines the detection signal Rx by the detection circuit DET, the presence/absence of the finger can be detected.
- the magnetic field from the pen is detected by the plurality of magnetic field detection coils, and the detection results are supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p).
- the change in the electric field generated by the electric field drive signal is detected by the plurality of detection electrodes, and detection results are supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signals Rx( 0 ) to Rx(p).
- the predetermined voltage VCOMDC is supplied from the switching drive circuit SC-DA to drive electrodes as a display drive voltage.
- the display operation is the same as that of the first embodiment, and therefore, will be omitted in further description.
- the signal selector 3 A and the switching circuit SC-UA 1 electrically disconnect the signal lines from the drive electrodes.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the signal line selector 3 A and switching circuit SC-UA 1 in the display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- reference characters TL( 0 ) to TL(p) indicate the drive electrodes arranged in the display area 2 A
- a reference character SL indicates the signal line arranged in the display area 2 A.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and the plurality of signal lines SL are arranged so as to extend in parallel with each other as shown in FIG. 20 .
- the signal line selector 3 A has a plurality of unit selectors U 3 A.
- the unit selectors U 3 A have the same configuration with each other, and therefore, one unit selector U 3 A is shown in detail in FIG. 20 .
- the unit selector U 3 A has a seventh switch S 60 and eighth switches S 70 and S 71 .
- the seventh switch S 60 is connected between an output node ndrv( 0 ) of the signal line driver D-DRV and a node nda( 0 ) of the switching drive circuit SC-DA, and is controlled to be switched by the inverted display control signal /DP_EN.
- the eighth switches S 70 and S 71 are connected between the output node ndrv( 0 ) of the signal line driver D-DRV and signal lines SL.
- the eighth switch S 70 is controlled to be switched by the selection signal SEL 1
- the eighth switch S 71 is controlled to be switched by the selection signal SEL 2 .
- the inverted display control signal /DP_EN is set at the low level, and therefore, the seventh switch S 60 is switched off. In this manner, the drive electrode TL( 0 ) is disconnected from the signal lines SL.
- the selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 are at the high level complementarily, and the eighth switches S 70 and S 71 are switched on complementarily. In this manner, an image signal output from the output node ndrv( 0 ) of the signal line driver D-DRV is supplied to a plurality of signal lines SL (two signal lines in the drawing) in time division.
- the inverted display control signal /DP_EN is set at the high level, and both selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 are also at the high level. In this manner, in touch detection, the seventh switch S 60 and the eighth switches S 70 and S 71 are switched on. As a result, in touch detection, the plurality of signal lines SL are electrically connected to the drive electrode TL( 0 ).
- the switching circuit SC-UA 1 has a plurality of unit switching circuits U-UA 1 having the same configuration with each other.
- FIG. 20 shows the detailed configuration of only the unit switching circuit U-UA 1 corresponding to the unit signal line selector U 3 A.
- the unit switching circuit U-UA 1 has ninth switches S 80 to S 82 .
- the ninth switch S 80 is connected between the drive electrode TL( 0 ) and a node nua( 0 ), while each of the ninth switches S 81 and S 82 is connected between the signal line SL and the node nua( 0 ).
- the ninth switches S 80 to S 82 are controlled to be switched by the inverted display control signal /DP_EN.
- the inverted display control signal /DP_EN is set at the low level, and therefore, the ninth switches S 80 to S 82 are switched off.
- the inverted display control signal /DP_EN is set at the high level, and therefore, the ninth switches S 80 to S 82 are switched on.
- the signal lines SL are electrically disconnected from the drive electrode TL( 0 ).
- touch detection the signal lines SL are electrically connected to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) via the ninth switches S 80 to S 82 .
- the signal line selector 3 A is arranged along the side 2 -D of the display area 2 A, and the switching circuit SC-UA 1 is arranged along the side 2 -U of the display area 2 A. Therefore, in touch detection, the signal lines SL are connected to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) in an area closer to the side 2 -D, and the signal lines SL are connected to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) also in an area closer to the side 2 -U. That is, the plurality of signal lines SL are connected in parallel to the drive electrode TL( 0 ). As a result, in touch detection, the combined resistance of the drive electrode TL( 0 ) can be reduced.
- the drive electrode TL( 0 ) is electrically disconnected from the signal lines SL, and therefore, a display drive signal is supplied to the drive electrode TL( 0 ), so that the display drive signal and an image signal are supplied to a pixel for displaying an image.
- the unit signal line selector U 3 A and unit switching circuit U-UA 1 corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) have been described as an example. T configurations and operations of the unit signal line selectors U 3 A and unit switching circuits U-UA 1 corresponding to other drive electrodes TL( 1 ) to TL(p) are the same as described above.
- FIG. 20 shows the case of the connection of two signal lines to one drive electrode in touch detection.
- the connection is not limited to this case.
- three or more signal lines may be connected in parallel to one drive electrode.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view schematically showing a configuration of the liquid crystal display apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- magnetic field generating coils are formed by using the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) arranged in the display area 2 A.
- the predetermined drive electrodes are electrically connected to each other by the switching circuit SC-UA 2 and the switching drive circuit SC-DA, so that a magnetic field generating coil is formed.
- An operation of the formation of the magnetic field generating coil by using the drive electrodes switching circuit SC-UA 2 and the switching drive circuit SC-DA while taking the drive electrode as a winding will be described with reference to FIG. 21 .
- FIG. 21 An operation of the formation of the magnetic field generating coil by using the drive electrodes switching circuit SC-UA 2 and the switching drive circuit SC-DA while taking the drive electrode as a winding will be described with reference to FIG. 21 .
- the switching circuit SC-UA 1 and signal line selector 3 A shown in FIG. 20 are omitted.
- the plurality of signal lines are connected in parallel to the respective drive electrodes by the switching circuit SC-UA 1 and signal line selector 3 A.
- FIG. 21 shows a case in which a double-winding magnetic field generating coil is formed by using the drive electrode.
- FIG. 21 shows only the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL( 8 ) out of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- the switching circuit SC-UA 2 is arranged along the side 2 -U of the display area 2 A and is connected to the nodes nua( 0 ) to nua( 8 ) of the switching circuit SC-UA 1 (see FIG. 20 ). As understood from FIG. 20 , in the magnetic field touch detection, the nodes nua( 0 ) to nua( 8 ) are connected to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL( 8 ) corresponding thereto.
- the switching drive circuit SC-DA is arranged along the side 2 -D of the display area 2 A, and has the nodes nda( 0 ) to nda( 8 ) (see FIG. 20 ). As understood from FIG.
- the nodes nda( 0 ) to nda( 8 ) are connected to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL( 8 ) corresponding thereto.
- a plurality of signal lines are connected in parallel to the respective drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL( 8 ) in the magnetic field touch detection.
- the switching circuit SC-UA 2 electrically connects the node nua( 0 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) with the node nua( 3 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 3 ), and also electrically connects the node nua( 1 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 1 ) with the node nua( 4 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 4 ).
- the switching drive circuit SC-DA has a signal wiring that connects the node nda( 1 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 1 ) with the node nda( 3 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 3 ).
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ), TL( 1 ), TL( 3 ), and TL( 4 ), which are arranged in parallel with each other, are connected in series by the switching circuit SC-UA 2 and switching drive circuit SC-DA, so that a magnetic field generating coil taking the drive electrodes TL( 0 ), TL( 1 ), TL( 3 ), and TL( 4 ) as its winding is formed.
- the switching drive circuit SC-DA supplies the ground voltage Vs to the node nda( 0 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) and supplies the clock signal CLK to the node nda( 4 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 4 ).
- a magnetic field generating coil which puts the drive electrode TL( 2 ) at its center and which is sandwiched between the derive electrodes TL( 0 ) and TL( 1 ) and the derive electrodes TL( 3 ) and TL( 4 ) is formed, so that a magnetic field that changing in accordance with the coil clock signal CLK is formed.
- the generated magnetic field becomes the strongest at the drive electrode TL( 2 ) which is the center of the coil.
- a magnetic field generating coil taking other drive electrode as its winding is formed.
- a magnetic field generating coil taking the drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ) as its winding is formed.
- the drive electrode TL( 7 ) is at the center of the magnetic field generating coil.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of a configuration of the switching circuit SC-UA 2 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 22 shows a circuit of parts that corresponds to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL( 8 ) of FIG. 21 and the drive electrode TL( 9 ) arranged close to the drive electrode TL( 8 ).
- the switching circuit SC-UA 2 has tenth switches S 90 to S 93 .
- Each of the tenth switches S 90 to S 93 is controlled to be switched by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN. That is, the tenth switches S 90 to S 93 are switched on, when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the high level, while the tenth switches S 90 to S 93 are switched off when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the low level.
- the tenth switches S 90 to S 93 are switched on in the magnetic field touch detection, and the tenth switches S 90 to S 93 are switched off in electric field touch detection.
- the tenth switch S 90 is connected between the node nua( 0 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) and the node nua( 3 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 3 ), and the tenth switch S 91 is arranged between the node nua( 1 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 1 ) and the node nua( 4 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 4 ).
- the tenth switch S 92 is arranged between the node nua( 5 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 5 ) and the node nua( 8 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 8 ), and the tenth switch S 93 is arranged between the node nua( 6 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 6 ) and the node nua( 9 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 9 ).
- the drive electrode TL( 0 ) and the drive electrode TL( 3 ) are connected to each other, and the drive electrode TL( 1 ) and the drive electrode TL( 4 ) are connected to each other.
- the drive electrode TL( 5 ) and the drive electrode TL( 8 ) are connected to each other, and the drive electrode TL( 6 ) and the drive electrode TL( 9 ) are also connected to each other.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL( 9 ) are electrically disconnected from each other.
- predetermined drive electrodes are similarly electrically connected to each other by the tenth switch in the magnetic field touch detection, and the drive electrodes are electrically disconnected from each other in electric field touch detection.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of a configuration of the switching drive circuit SC-DA according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 23 shows only a circuit of a part that corresponds to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL( 9 ) described in FIG. 22 .
- the switching drive circuit SC-DA has eleventh switches S 100 and S 101 , twelfth switches S 110 and S 111 , thirteenth switches S 120 and S 121 , and signal wirings CCN 1 and CCN 2 .
- the eleventh switches S 100 and S 101 are controlled to be switched by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN
- the twelfth switches S 110 and S 111 are controlled to be switched by the display control signal DP_EN
- the thirteenth switches S 120 and S 121 are controlled to be switched by the corresponding selection signals SN( 0 ) and SN( 1 ) from the detection control circuit SX.
- the eleventh switch S 100 is connected between the node nda( 0 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 0 ) and the signal wiring Ls
- the eleventh switch S 101 is connected between the node nda( 5 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 5 ) and the signal wiring Ls.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is set at the high level, thus the eleventh switches S 100 and S 101 are switched on in the magnetic field touch detection while the eleventh switches S 100 and S 101 are switched off in electric field touch detection.
- the drive electrode TL( 0 ) corresponding thereto via the node nda( 0 ) is connected to the signal wiring Ls, and the drive electrode TL( 5 ) corresponding thereto via the node nda( 5 ) is also connected to the signal wiring Ls.
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to this signal wiring Ls. Therefore, in magnetic field touch detection, the ground voltage Vs is supplied in an area closer to the side 2 -D to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) and TL( 5 ).
- the twelfth switch S 110 is connected between the node nda( 4 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 4 ) and the signal wiring Lv
- the twelfth switch S 111 is connected between the node nda( 9 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 9 ) and the signal wiring Lv.
- the display control signal DP_EN is set at the high level, thus the twelfth switches S 110 and S 111 are switched on in the display period, while the twelfth switches S 110 and S 111 are switched off in touch detection.
- the drive electrode TL( 4 ) corresponding thereto via the node nda( 4 ) is connected to the signal wiring Lv, and the drive electrode TL( 9 ) corresponding thereto via the node nda( 9 ) is also connected to the signal wiring Lv.
- the predetermined voltage VCOMDC is supplied to this signal wiring Lv.
- the predetermined voltage VCOMDC is supplied in an area closer to the side 2 -D to the drive electrodes TL( 4 ) and TL( 9 ).
- This predetermined voltage VCOMDC becomes a display drive signal.
- the drive electrodes TL( 4 ) and TL( 9 ) are provided with respective twelfth switches.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) and TL(p) may be provided with twelfth switches.
- the thirteenth switch S 120 is connected between the node nda( 4 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 4 ) and the signal wiring Lc, and the thirteenth switch S 121 is connected between the node nda( 9 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 9 ) and the signal wiring Lc.
- the detection control circuit SX outputs selection signals corresponding to the respective thirteenth switch.
- FIG. 23 shows only the selection signal SN( 0 ) corresponding to the thirteenth switch S 120 and the selection signal SN( 1 ) corresponding to the thirteenth switch S 121 .
- the detection control circuit SX sets a selection signal, corresponding to an area where the detection is executed, to the high level, and sets a selection signal, corresponding to an area where the detection is not executed, to the low level although described later with reference to FIG. 24 .
- a selection signal SN( 0 ) is set at the high level, thus the thirteenth switch S 120 is switched on.
- a selection signal SN( 1 ) is at the low level, the thirteenth switch S 121 is switched off.
- the thirteenth switch S 120 When the thirteenth switch S 120 is switched on, the corresponding drive electrode TL( 4 ) via the node nda( 4 ) and thirteenth switch S 120 is connected to the signal wiring Lc. At this time, the thirteenth switch S 121 is switched off, and therefore, the corresponding drive electrode TL( 9 ) is not connected to the signal wiring Lc, and the drive electrode TL( 9 ) is electrically disconnected from the signal wiring Lc.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the signal wiring Lc, and therefore, the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the drive electrode TL( 4 ).
- the control signal TSV whose voltage changes periodically is supplied to the signal wiring Lc. Consequently, in electric field touch detection, the control signal TSV is supplied to the drive electrode TL( 4 ).
- the thirteenth switch S 121 is switched on while the thirteenth switch S 120 is switched off similarly.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the drive electrode TL( 9 ) via the thirteenth switch S 121 .
- the control signal TSV is supplied to the drive electrode TL( 9 ) via the thirteenth switch S 121 .
- the node nda( 1 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 1 ) is connected to the node nda( 3 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 3 ) via the signal wiring CCN 1 .
- the node nda( 6 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 6 ) is connected to the node nda( 8 ) corresponding to the drive electrode TL( 8 ) via the signal wiring CCN 2 .
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram of a configuration of the detection control circuit SX according to the second embodiment.
- the detection control circuit SX has a shift register and a control circuit SRC.
- FIG. 24 shows register stages USX( 0 ) to USX(p) making up the shift register.
- touch detection area specifying information is set to a desired register stage by a control signal T-CNT.
- the touch detection area specifying information is set to the register stage USX( 0 ).
- the set touch detection area specifying information sequentially moves from a shift register stage to a shift register stage by changes in a shift clock signal not shown.
- the touch detection area specifying information set to the register stage USX( 0 ) moves (shifts) from the register stage USX( 0 ) to the register stage USX(p) in synchronization with changes in a shift clock signal.
- the touch detection area specifying information stored in the register stages USX( 0 ) to USX(p) is output as the selection signals SN( 0 ) to SN(p) via the control circuit SRC.
- the control circuit SRC determines which one of the display period and the touch detection period is to be executed based on the display control signal DP_EN.
- the control circuit SRC outputs the touch detection area specifying information stored in the register stages USX( 0 ) to USX(p). For example, in touch detection, the touch detection area specifying information moves from the register stage USX( 0 ) to the register stage USX(p), so that the selection signals are sequentially set to the high level from the selection signal SN( 0 ) to the selection signal SN(p).
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is set at the high level, and therefore, the tenth switches S 90 to S 93 of FIG. 22 are switched on.
- the drive electrode TL( 0 ) is connected to the drive electrode TL( 3 ) via the tenth switch S 90 in an area closer to the side 2 -U
- the drive electrode TL( 3 ) is connected to the drive electrode TL( 1 ) via the signal wiring CCN 1 in an area closer to the side 2 -D
- the drive electrode TL( 1 ) is connected to the drive electrode TL( 4 ) via the tenth switch S 91 in an area closer to the side 2 -U.
- the drive electrodes TL( 0 ), TL( 1 ), TL( 3 ), and TL( 4 ) are connected in series to form a magnetic field generating coil.
- other drive electrodes e.g., drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ) are also connected in series to form another magnetic field generating coil.
- the eleventh switches S 100 and S 101 are also switched on.
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied via the eleventh switch to respective one ends (nodes nda( 0 ) and nda( 5 )) of the magnetic field generating coils formed of the drive electrodes. Since this period is not the display period, the display control signal DP_EN is at the low level. Therefore, the twelfth switches S 110 and S 111 of FIG. 23 are switched off.
- the thirteenth switch S 120 Since the selection signal SN( 0 ) is at the high level, the thirteenth switch S 120 is switched on. At this time, the selection signal SN( 1 ) is at the low level, and therefore, the thirteenth switch S 121 is switched off.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the signal wiring Lc.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the node nda( 4 ) via the thirteenth switch S 120 switched on by the selection signal SN( 0 ). That is, the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the other end (node nda( 4 )) of the magnetic field generating coil.
- no coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the other end (node nda( 9 )) of another magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ).
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to one end of the magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ), TL( 1 ), TL( 3 ), and TL( 4 ), and the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the other end thereof.
- the voltage of the coil clock signal CLK changes periodically, and therefore, a voltage that changes periodically on the basis of the ground voltage Vs as the reference voltage is applied to this magnetic field generating coil, so that a magnetic field is generated.
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to one end (node nda( 5 )) of another magnetic field generating coil, e.g., a magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ).
- another magnetic field generating coil e.g., a magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ).
- no coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the other end (node nda( 9 )) thereof. As a result, a magnetic field is not generated.
- a selection signal output from the detection control circuit SX serves as a signal for selecting a magnetic field generating coil that generates a magnetic field out of a plurality of magnetic field generating coils formed of the drive electrodes arranged in the display area 2 A. Since the pen is detected in an area where the drive electrodes making up the magnetic field generating coil generating a magnetic field are arranged, the selection signal can be regarded as a signal for selecting a detection area.
- the selection signal SN( 0 ) corresponding to the register stage USX( 0 ) to is set at the high level, and the rest of selection signals SN( 1 ) to SN(p) are set at the low level.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is set at the low level. Therefore, the tenth switches S 90 to S 93 are switched off. Also, the eleventh switches S 100 and S 101 are also switched off. Since this period is not the display period, the display control signal DP_EN is at the low level, and the twelfth switches S 110 and S 111 are switched off.
- the thirteenth switch S 120 Since the selection signal SN( 0 ) is at the high level, the thirteenth switch S 120 is switched on. At this time, the selection signal SN( 1 ) is at the low level, and therefore, the thirteenth switch S 121 is switched off. Since the thirteenth switch S 120 is switched on, the drive electrode TL( 4 ) is connected to the signal wiring Lc.
- the control signal TSV is supplied to the signal wiring Lc because of the electric field touch detection. Therefore, the control signal TSV is supplied to the drive electrode TL( 4 ) in an area closer to the side 2 -D.
- the drive electrode TL( 4 ) When the control signal TSV is supplied thereto, the drive electrode TL( 4 ) is electrically disconnected from other drive electrodes, and is put in a floating state, so that the control signal TSV is supplied to the drive electrode TL( 4 ) since the tenth switches S 90 and S 91 , eleventh switch S 100 , and twelfth switch S 110 are switched off. As a result, the drive electrode TL( 4 ) generates an electric field in accordance with changes in the voltage of the control signal TSV. In other words, the control signal TSV is supplied to the drive electrode TL( 4 ) as an electric field drive signal, and generates an electric field in accordance with changes in this electric field drive signal.
- a selection signal output from the detection control circuit SX becomes a signal for selecting a drive electrode that generates an electric field out of the plurality of drive electrodes arranged in the display area 2 A.
- touch detection it is detected whether, for example, the finger is touching a portion in vicinity of a drive electrode generating an electric field or not. Therefore, also in electric field touch detection, the selection signal can be regarded as a signal for selecting a touch detection area.
- the detection electrodes arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB are used in touch detection as similar to the first embodiment. That is, the detection electrodes are used as electrodes that form magnetic field detection coils in the magnetic field touch detection, and are used as electrodes that detect changes in an electric field in electric field touch detection.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view schematically showing a configuration of detection electrodes according to the second embodiment.
- the units are schematically shown in accordance with the actual arrangement.
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) are arranged so as to extend in the row direction and are parallel with each other in the column direction.
- two detection electrodes are paired so that a single-winding coil is formed of the pair of detection electrodes.
- a coil formed of a pair of detection electrodes is used as a magnetic field detection coil.
- At least one of the paired detection electrodes making up the coil is used as an electrode that detects an electric field.
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) have, for example, such a structure as described above with reference to FIG. 15 .
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ) are paired, the detection electrodes RL( 2 ) and RL( 3 ) are paired, the detection electrodes RL( 4 ) and RL( 5 ) are paired, and the detection electrodes RL( 6 ) and RL( 7 ) are paired.
- the detection electrodes RL(p ⁇ 1) and RL(p) are similarly paired.
- Each of the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) has one end TTR 1 and the other end TTR 2 .
- the other end TTR 2 of the detection electrode RL( 0 ) and one end TTR 1 of the detection electrode RL( 1 ), the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ) being paired, are connected to the connection electrode CCU ( FIG. 15 ) in an area closer to the side 2 -R of the display area 2 A ( FIG. 19 ).
- the other end TTR 2 of the detection electrode RL( 2 ) and one end TTR 1 of the detection electrode RL( 3 ), the detection electrodes RL( 2 ) and RL( 3 ) being paired are connected to the connection electrode CCU ( FIG.
- the paired detection electrodes are connected to each other alternately by the connection electrode CCU arranged closer to the side 2 -R and by the connection electrode CCU arranged closer to the side 2 -L.
- the end not connected to the connection electrode CCU among the ends of the paired detection electrodes is connected to each of the signal wirings RLL( 0 ) to RLL(p) arranged along the side 2 -R or side 2 -L, and is connected to the switching amplification circuit SC-RA or SC-LA via each of the signal wirings RLL( 0 ) to RLL(p).
- one end TTR 1 of the detection electrode RL( 0 ) is connected to the switching amplification circuits SC-LA via the signal wiring RLL( 0 ) arranged along the side 2 -L
- the other end TTR 2 of the detection electrode RL( 1 ) is connected to the switching amplification circuits SC-LA via the signal wiring RLL( 1 ) arranged along the side 2 -L.
- the one end TTR 1 of the detection electrode RL( 2 ) is connected to the switching amplification circuits SC-RA via the signal wiring RLL( 2 ) arranged along the side 2 -R, and the other end TTR 2 of the detection electrode RL( 3 ) is connected to the switching amplification circuits SC-RA via the signal wiring RLL( 3 ) arranged along the side 2 -R.
- one end TTR 1 of the detection electrode RL( 4 ) and the other end TTR 2 of the detection electrode RL( 5 ) are connected to the switching amplification circuits SC-LA via the signal wiring RLL( 4 ) and the signal wiring RLL( 5 ), respectively, and the one end TTR 1 of the detection electrode RL(p ⁇ 3) and the other end TTR 2 of the detection electrode RL(p ⁇ 2) are connected to the switching amplification circuits SC-LA via the signal wiring RLL(p ⁇ 3) and the signal wiring RLL(p ⁇ 2), respectively.
- the one end TTR 1 of the detection electrode RL( 6 ) and the other end TTR 2 of the detection electrode RL( 7 ) are connected to the switching amplification circuits SC-RA via the signal wiring RLL( 6 ) and the signal wiring RLL( 7 ), respectively, and the one end TTR 1 of the detection electrode RL(p ⁇ 1) and the other end TTR 2 of the detection electrode RL(p) are connected to the switching amplification circuits SC-RA via the signal wiring RLL(p ⁇ 1) and the signal wiring RLL(p), respectively.
- the switching amplification circuits SC-LA and SC-RA supply the ground voltage Vs to signal wirings (corresponding to switching signal wirings) indicated by broken lines, i.e., to signal wirings RLL( 1 ), RLL( 5 ), and RLL(p ⁇ 2) and to signal wirings RLL( 3 ), RLL( 8 ), and RLL(p), respectively.
- the switching amplification circuits SC-LA and SC-RA switch a destination of the connection of the signal wirings indicated by the broken lines.
- the switching amplification circuits SC-LA and SC-RA amplify a signal change at each of signal wirings (corresponding to detection signal wirings) indicated by continuous lines, and output the amplified signal change as the detection signal Rx.
- FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram of a configuration of the switching amplification circuit according to the second embodiment.
- the switching amplification circuits SC-LA and SC-RA shown in FIG. 25 have the same configuration as each other. Therefore, the configuration of the switching amplification circuit SC-LA is shown in FIG. 26 .
- the switching amplification circuit SC-LA has a plurality of unit switching circuits USCC and a plurality of unit amplifying circuits UAMP.
- the unit switching circuit USCC has one-to-one relation with the paired detection electrode
- the unit amplifying circuit UAMP also has one-to-one relation with the paired detection electrode.
- the switching amplification circuit SC-LA has a unit switching circuit USCC( 0 ) corresponding to the paired detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ), a unit switching circuit USCC( 4 ) corresponding to the paired detection electrodes RL( 4 ) and RL( 5 ), and a unit switching circuit USCC(p ⁇ 3) corresponding to the paired detection electrodes RL(p ⁇ 2) and RL(p ⁇ 3).
- the switching amplification circuit SC-LA has a unit amplification circuit UAMP( 0 ) corresponding to the paired detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ), a unit amplification circuit UAMP( 4 ) corresponding to the paired detection electrodes RL( 4 ) and RL( 5 ), and a unit amplification circuit UAMP(p ⁇ 3) corresponding to the paired detection electrodes RL(p ⁇ 2) and RL(p ⁇ 3).
- FIG. 26 shows configurations of the unit switching circuits USCC( 0 ) and USCC( 4 ) as an example.
- the unit amplifying circuits UAMP( 0 ), UAMP( 4 ), and UAMP(p ⁇ 3) have the same configuration with each other.
- Each of the unit amplifying circuits UAMP( 0 ), UAMP( 4 ), and UAMP(p ⁇ 3) is formed of, for example, the integration circuit (having the reset switch RB, the integration capacitor CSS, and the operational amplifier OP) shown in FIG. 11 .
- Each of the unit switching circuits USCC( 0 ) and USCC( 4 ) includes a single-pole double-throw switch (which may hereinafter be called “fourteenth switch”) S 130 having a common terminal P, a first terminal C 1 , and a second terminal C 2 .
- the fourteenth switch S 130 connects the common terminal P to the first terminal C 1 or to the second terminal C 2 in accordance with the level of the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN. That is, when the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the high level, the common terminal is connected to the first terminal C 1 at the fourteenth switch S 130 . When the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is at the low level, the common terminal P is connected to the second terminal C 2 .
- the unit switching circuit USCC( 0 ) is connected to the corresponding detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ) via the signal wirings RLL( 0 ) and RLL( 1 ).
- the detection electrode RL( 1 ) is connected to the common terminal P of the fourteenth switch via the signal wiring RLL( 1 ), while the detection electrode RL( 0 ) is connected to the second terminal C 2 of the fourteenth switch S 130 via the signal wiring RLL( 0 ).
- the unit switching circuit USCC( 4 ) is connected to the corresponding detection electrodes RL( 4 ) and RL( 5 ) via the signal wirings RLL( 4 ) and RLL( 5 ).
- the detection electrode RL( 5 ) is connected to the common terminal P of the fourteenth switch via the signal wiring RLL( 5 ), while the detection electrode RL( 4 ) is connected to the second terminal C 2 of the fourteenth switch S 130 via the signal wiring RLL( 4 ).
- the corresponding paired detection electrodes e.g., detection electrodes RL(p ⁇ 2) and RL(p ⁇ 3)
- the unit switching circuit e.g., USCC(p ⁇ 3)
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the first terminal C 1 of the fourteenth switch S 130 in each of the unit switching circuits USCC( 0 ), USCC( 4 ), and USCC(p ⁇ 3).
- the signal wirings RLL( 0 ), RLL( 4 ), and RLL(p ⁇ 3) connected to the detection electrodes RL( 0 ), RL( 4 ), and RL(p ⁇ 3) are connected to respective input terminals of the unit amplifying circuits UAMP( 0 ), UAMP( 4 ), and UAMP(p ⁇ 3) corresponding to the signal wirings RLL( 0 ), RLL( 4 ), and RLL(p ⁇ 3).
- the one ends TTR 1 of the detection electrodes RL( 0 ), RL( 4 ), and RL(p ⁇ 3) are connected to the input terminals of the corresponding unit amplifying circuits, respectively.
- the switching amplification circuit SC-RA also has a plurality of unit switching circuits and a plurality of unit amplifying circuits, and is connected to the corresponding detection electrodes via signal wirings.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is set at the high level.
- the common terminal P is connected to the first terminal C 1 .
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the signal wirings RLL( 1 ), RLL( 5 ), and RLL(p ⁇ 2) and RLL( 3 ), RLL( 7 ), and RLL(p) indicate by the broken lines, i.e., switching signal wirings, via the fourteenth switches S 130 .
- the detection electrodes arranged in parallel with each other are connected to each other by the connection electrode CCU, and therefore, a coil is formed by the detection electrodes arranged in parallel with each other.
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the one end (connected to the switching signal wiring) of the formed coil via the fourteenth switch S 130 . Therefore, when the magnetic field is applied from the pen, a signal change is caused at the other end (connected to the detection signal wiring) of the coil in accordance with the magnetic field on the basis of the ground voltage Vs which is a reference voltage.
- the signal change caused at the other end of the coil is transmitted to each of the unit amplifying circuits UAMP( 0 ), UAMP( 4 ), and UAMP(p ⁇ 3) via each of the signal wirings RLL( 0 ), RLL( 4 ), and RLL(p ⁇ 3), which are the detection wirings, is amplified, and is supplied to the detection circuit DEX as the detection signal Rx ( FIG. 19 ).
- the coil formed of the detection electrodes operates as a magnetic field detection coil that detects the magnetic field from the pen, so that the pen is detected.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is set at the low level.
- the common terminal P is connected to the second terminal C 2 .
- the paired detection electrodes are electrically connected to each other in the switching amplification circuit SC-LA or switching amplification circuit SC-RA, and are put in a floating state.
- the electric field drive signal is supplied to a selected drive electrode. An electric field between the selected drive electrode and the detection electrodes in the floating state is changed by the presence of the finger.
- This change in the electric field is transmitted to each of the unit amplifying circuits UAMP( 0 ), UAMP( 4 ), and UAMP(p ⁇ 3) via each of the signal wirings RLL( 0 ), RLL( 4 ), and RLL(p ⁇ 3), which are the detection signal wirings, is amplified, and is supplied to the detection circuit DEX as the detection signal Rx ( FIG. 19 ). In this manner, the touch by the finger is detected.
- the coil formed of the detection electrodes can be regarded as functioning as the detection electrode coil in electric field touch detection.
- FIG. 27 is a plan view of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 28 shows cross-sectional views of the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 27 partially shows an area including the drive electrode TL(n) in the display area 2 A.
- a cross section of an area indicated by a single-dot chain line E-E′ in FIG. 27 is shown in FIG. 28A
- a cross section of an area indicated by a single-dot chain line F-F′ in FIG. 27 is shown in FIG. 28B .
- An example of the structures of the drive electrodes, signal lines, scanning lines, and detection electrodes will be described with reference to FIGS. 27 and 28 .
- FIG. 27 partially shows the drive electrode TL(n) and the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 1) arranged close to the drive electrode TL(n).
- the drive electrodes TL(n) and TL(n ⁇ 1) are arranged so as to extend in the column direction (vertical direction) and so as to be in parallel with each other in the row direction (horizontal direction).
- auxiliary electrodes SM When seen in a plan view, a plurality of auxiliary electrodes SM extend in parallel with the drive electrodes TL(n) and TL(n ⁇ 1). In this drawing, seven auxiliary electrodes SM extend in parallel with the drive electrodes TL(n), and are electrically connected to the drive electrodes TL(n). And, eight auxiliary electrodes SM extend in parallel with the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 1), and are electrically connected to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 1). When seen in a plan view, the scanning lines GL(m) to GL(m+4) extend so as to intersect with the drive electrodes TL(n) and TL(n ⁇ 1).
- a plurality of signal lines SL(n ⁇ 9) to SL(n+6) are arranged so as to extend in the column direction and be in parallel with each other in the row direction to be in parallel with the drive electrodes TL(n) and TL(n ⁇ 1).
- the first conductive layer 701 is formed on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB ( FIG. 7 ), and the scanning line GL(m+2)is formed by this first conductive layer 701 .
- the insulating layer 702 such as silicon nitride is formed on the scanning line GL(m+2), and the second conductive layer 703 ( FIG. 7 ) is formed on the insulating layer 702 .
- the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 1) to SL(n+1) are formed.
- the insulating layer 704 made of an interlayer resin and an insulating layer such as silicon nitride is formed.
- the third conductive layer 705 ( FIG. 7 ) is formed.
- the drive electrode TL(n) and the auxiliary electrodes SM are formed.
- the drive electrode TL(n) is formed of a transparent electrode with high transmittance made of, for example, ITO
- the auxiliary electrode SM is formed of, for example, a low-resistance conductive layer made of, for example, aluminum (Al).
- the insulating layer 706 ( FIG. 7 ) such as silicon nitride is formed on the drive electrode TL(n), and a pixel electrode LDP is formed on the insulating layer 706 .
- This pixel electrode LDP is also formed of a transparent electrode.
- the liquid crystal layer 707 is sandwiched between the pixel electrode LDP and the second main surface CSF 2 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- the detection electrode is formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB, and the color filter (not shown) is formed on the first main surface CSF 2 .
- the detection electrodes are omitted in FIG. 27 .
- the plurality of detection electrodes when seen in a plan view of FIG. 27 , the plurality of detection electrodes extend in the row direction (horizontal direction) and are in parallel with each other in the column direction (vertical direction) so that the detection electrodes intersect with the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 9) to SL(n+6) and with the drive electrodes TL(n) and TL(n ⁇ 1) and are in parallel with the scanning lines GL(m) to GL(m+4).
- FIG. 28A shows the detection electrode RL(n) as an example.
- FIG. 28B shows the cross section of the area indicated by the single-dot chain line F-F′ intersecting with the single-dot chain line E-E′ in FIG. 27 , and therefore, FIG. 28B shows the scanning lines GL(m+3) and GL(m+2) formed of the first conductive layer 701 ( FIG. 7 ).
- FIG. 28B also shows the drive electrode TL(n), which is formed of the third conductive layer 705 , and the pixel electrode LDP.
- the auxiliary electrode SM does not exist in the area indicated by the single-dot chain line F-F′ as shown in FIG. 27 , and therefore, FIG. 28B shows no auxiliary electrode SM.
- FIG. 28B further shows the detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n+2) formed on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB arranged opposite to the TFT glass substrate TGB across the liquid crystal layer 707 .
- the scanning lines/signal lines and drive electrodes overlap so that they intersect with one another as shown in FIG. 27 .
- the scanning lines/signal lines and drive electrodes overlap each other via the insulating layer and are electrically isolated from each other.
- the detection electrodes which are omitted from FIG. 27 , overlap the drive electrodes when seen in a plan view.
- the detection electrodes overlap the drive electrodes via the insulating layer, and are electrically isolated from the drive electrodes.
- FIG. 29 is a timing chart showing operations of the display apparatus 1 of the second embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents time.
- FIG. 29A shows a periodically generated frame signal.
- the display apparatus 1 displays, for example, an image for one screen in one frame period F set by the frame signal.
- the control circuit D-CNT shown in FIG. 19 performs control so that a plurality of display periods and a plurality of touch detection periods are generated alternately in one frame period F.
- FIGS. 29B to 29G shows timing in one frame period F among a plurality of frame periods F. That is, the timing shown in each of FIG. 29B to 29G is generated in each of the plurality of frame periods F.
- FIG. 29B schematically shows display periods and touch detection periods generated in one frame period F.
- FIG. 29C shows the waveforms of the selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 supplied to the signal line selector 3 A ( FIG. 29 ).
- FIG. 29D shows the waveform of the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN.
- FIGS. 29E and 29F show respective waveforms of the selection signals SN( 0 ) and SN( 1 ) among selection signals from the detection control circuit SX.
- FIG. 29G shows the waveform of the coil clock signal CLK.
- the selection signals SN( 0 ) and SN( 1 ) are shown as examples of the selection signals output from the detection control circuit SX. However, the same goes for arbitral selection signals SN(n ⁇ 1) and SN(n) output from the detection control circuit SX.
- control circuit D-CNT performs control so that display periods “Display” and touch detection periods “Sense 1 (Sense 2 )” are generated alternately in time series in each frame period F.
- FIG. 29 shows a case in which magnetic field touch detection is specified as touch detection.
- an image signal Sn is supplied from the signal line driver D-DRV ( FIG. 19 ) to the signal line selector 3 A so that the selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 are alternately set to the high level, the image signal is supplied to a proper signal line.
- the selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 are shown as a single waveform in order to clearly indicate changes in the selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 .
- the high-level display control signal DP_EN is supplied from the control circuit D-CNT to the switching drive circuit SC-DA.
- the low-level inverted display control signal /DP_EN is supplied from the control circuit D-CNT to the switching circuit SC-UA 1 and to the signal line selector 3 A. In this manner, the drive electrodes are electrically disconnected from the signal lines.
- the twelfth switches S 110 and S 111 in the switching drive circuit SC-DA are switched on by the high-level display control signal DP_EN, and therefore, the predetermined voltage VCOMDC is to the drive electrodes supplied as a display drive signal.
- the gate driver 5 FIG.
- the control circuit D-CNT sets the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN to the high level in the touch detection period Sense 1 (Sense 2 ).
- the detection control circuit SX sets the selection signals to the high level from SN( 0 ) to SN(p) in this order.
- FIG. 29 shows a state in which the selection signal SN( 0 ) is set at the high level in the touch detection period Sense 1 and the selection signal SN( 1 ) is set at the high level in the next touch detection period Sense 2 .
- the touch detection period Sense 1 (Sense 2 ) has a magnetic field generating period TCG in which a magnetic field is generated by a magnetic field generating coil, and a magnetic field detection period TDT that follows the magnetic field generating period TCG.
- the magnetic field is detected by using a coil different from the magnetic field generating coil. That is, in the magnetic field generating period TCG, a magnetic field is generated by a magnetic field generating coil formed of drive electrodes, and a magnetic field energy is supplied to the pen.
- the control circuit D-CNT supplies the coil clock signal CLK to the signal wiring Lc as shown in FIG. 29G .
- a plurality of magnetic field generating coils are formed by using the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) formed on the TFT glass substrate TGB, as described above with reference to FIGS. 21 to 23 .
- one magnetic field generating coil is formed by using the drive electrodes TL( 0 ), TL( 1 ), TL( 3 ), and TL( 4 ), and one magnetic field generating coil is formed by using the drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ).
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied from the signal wiring Lc to the magnetic field generating coil corresponding to the selection signal SN( 0 ) as a magnetic field drive signal as described above with reference to FIG. 23 .
- the magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ), TL( 1 ), TL( 3 ), and TL( 4 ) generates a magnetic field that changes in accordance with changes in the coil clock signal CLK.
- the magnetic field generating coil and the pen internal coil L 1 are magnetically coupled to each other. In this manner, the capacitive element C in the pen is charged.
- the pen is not present in vicinity of the magnetic field generating coil, the magnetic field generating coil and the pen internal coil L 1 are not coupled through magnetic fields, and therefore, the capacitive element C is not charged.
- the common terminal P is connected to the first terminal C 1 at the fourteenth switch S 130 of each of the unit switching circuits USCC( 0 ) to USCC(p), as described above with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26 .
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the one end of each of a plurality of coils formed of the paired detection electrodes (e.g., detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ) and detection electrodes RL( 2 ) and RL( 3 ) shown in FIG. 25 ) via the fourteenth switches S 130 .
- the coil clock signal CLK is stopped to shift the period from the magnetic field generating period TCG to the magnetic field detection period TDT. If the capacitive element C is charged in the magnetic field generating period TCG before the shift, the pen internal coil L 1 generates a magnetic field in the magnetic field detection period TDT in accordance with electric charges charged on the capacitive element C. If the pen internal coil L 1 is close to a magnetic field detection coil formed of detection electrodes, a magnetic field is generated between the coil L 1 and the magnetic field detection coil.
- a signal change is generated at the magnetic field detection coil to which the pen is close among the plurality of magnetic field detection coils, is amplified by each of the unit amplifying circuits UAMP( 0 ) to UAMP(p), and is supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx.
- control circuit D-CNT puts the signal wiring Lc in, for example, a high-impedance state.
- control circuit D-CNT sets the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN to the low level to perform a display operation in the display period Display. After the display period Display, the control circuit D-CNT sets the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN to the high level again.
- the detection control circuit SX sets the selection signal SN( 0 ) to SN(p) to the low level.
- the detection control circuit SX keeps the selection signal SN( 0 ) at the low level, and changes the level of the selection signal SN( 1 ) from the low level to the high level.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ) that corresponds to the selection signal SN( 1 ). That is, as shown in FIG. 23 , the thirteenth switch S 121 is switched on to connect the drive electrode TL( 9 ) to the signal wiring Lc, and the control circuit D-CNT supplies the coil clock signal CLK to the signal wiring Lc.
- a magnetic field is generated by the magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ).
- An operation in the magnetic field detection period TDT following this magnetic field generating period TCG is the same as the operation in the magnetic field detection period TDT in the touch detection period Sense 1 .
- the display operation and the magnetic field touch detection are alternately executed.
- the selection signals are set to the high level sequentially from SN( 0 ) to SN(p), and therefore, it is detected whether the touch by the pen is performed or not from an area closer to the side 2 -U of the display area 2 A toward an area closer to the side 2 -D.
- the control circuit D-CNT sets both selection signals SEL 1 and SEL 2 to the high level in the touch detection period Sense 1 (Sense 2 ).
- the plurality of signal lines are electrically connected to the drive electrodes in an area closer to the side 2 -U of the display area 2 A and an area closer to the side 2 -D of the same, so that the combined resistance of the drive electrodes is reduced.
- the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN is set to the low level in the touch detection period Sense 1 (Sense 2 ).
- the control signal TSV whose voltage changes periodically, is supplied in place of the coil clock signal CLK, from the control circuit D-CNT to the signal wiring Lc.
- a selected drive electrode e.g., drive electrode TL( 4 )
- the control signal TSV is supplied to the selected drive electrode as an electric field drive signal.
- a selected drive electrode e.g., drive electrode TL( 9 )
- the control signal TSV is supplied to the selected drive electrode.
- the common terminal P is connected to the second terminal C 2 at the fourteenth switch S 130 as described above with reference to FIG. 26 . Therefore, the paired detection electrodes (e.g., detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ) and detection electrodes RL( 2 ) and RL( 3 ) shown in FIG. 25 ) are put in a floating state.
- the paired detection electrodes e.g., detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ) and detection electrodes RL( 2 ) and RL( 3 ) shown in FIG. 25 .
- a change in an electric field between the selected drive electrode TL( 0 ) and each of the paired detection electrodes is amplified by the amplifying circuit AMP and is supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx.
- a change in an electric field between the selected drive electrode TL( 1 ) and each of the paired detection electrodes is amplified by the amplifying circuit AMP and is supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx.
- the electric field changes in accordance with the touch/untouch by the finger, and therefore, the detection circuit DET can detect the touch by the finger.
- FIG. 30 show explanatory diagrams schematically showing operations in the magnetic field touch detection according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 30A and 30C show an operation in the magnetic field generating period TCG
- FIG. 30B shows an operation in the magnetic field detection period TDT.
- each of reference characters GY(n ⁇ 1) to GY(n+4) indicates the magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes on the first main surface TSF 1 of the TFT glass substrate TGB.
- each of reference characters DY(n ⁇ 2) to DX(n+1) indicates the magnetic field detection coil formed of the detection electrodes on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- a reference character L 1 indicates the pen internal coil
- a reference character C indicates the capacitive element in the pen
- the coil L 1 and the capacitive element C are connected in parallel to form a resonance circuit.
- the magnetic field generating coils and magnetic field detection coils are denoted by reference characters on the basis of the “n-th” coil.
- the explanation will be made on the assumption that the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) in FIG. 30 corresponds to the magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ), TL( 1 ), TL( 3 ), and TL( 4 ), and so that the magnetic field generating coil GY(n+1) corresponds to the magnetic field generating coil formed of the drive electrodes TL( 5 ), TL( 6 ), TL( 8 ), and TL( 9 ).
- the explanation will be made on the assumption that the magnetic field detection coil DX(n) in FIG. 30 corresponds to the magnetic field detection coil formed of the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) and RL( 1 ).
- FIG. 30A shows the magnetic field generating period TCG of the touch detection period Sense 1 of FIG. 29
- FIG. 30B shows the magnetic field detection period TDT of the touch detection period Sense 1
- FIG. 30C shows the magnetic field generating period TCG of the touch detection period Sense 2 .
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to one end of each of the magnetic field generating coils GY(n ⁇ 1) to GY(n+4) formed of the drive electrodes.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the other end of the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) having the corresponding selection signal at the high level, out of the magnetic field generating coils GY(n ⁇ 1) to GY(n+4).
- the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) is formed of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ), TL( 1 ), TL( 3 ), and TL( 4 ), and therefore, the drive electrode TL( 2 ) sandwiched between these drive electrodes is the center of the magnetic field generating coil GY(n).
- FIG. 30A shows lines of magnetic force generated by the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) as “ ⁇ 1 ”.
- FIG. 30A shows a state in which the coil L 1 is close to the magnetic field generating coil GY(n).
- a case in which the center of the coil is aligned with the center of the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) (single-dot chain lines indicate the axis of the coil L 1 in FIG. 30 ). Since the coil L 1 and the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) are close to each other, the coil L 1 and the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) are magnetically coupled to each other, so that the capacitive element C is charged.
- the coil L 1 By the electric charges charged on the capacitive element C, the coil L 1 generates a magnetic field as shown in FIG. 30B .
- lines of magnetic force generated by the coil L 1 are shown as “ ⁇ 2 ” in FIG. 30B .
- a state in which the coil L 1 is close to the magnetic field detection coil DX(n) is shown, and the coil L 1 and the magnetic field detection coil DX(n) are magnetically coupled to each other.
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to each one end of the magnetic field detection coils DX(n ⁇ 2) to DX(n+1) are supplied with.
- a signal change on the basis of the ground voltage Vs as the reference occurs at the other end of the magnetic field detection coil DX(n), and is output from the switching amplification circuits SC-RA and SC-LA as the detection signal Rx. In this manner, it is detected that the pen is in close to the magnetic field detection coil DX(n).
- the selection signal corresponding to the magnetic field generating coil GY(n+1) arranged close to the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) is set at the high level, and the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the other end of the magnetic field generating coil GY(n+1) as shown in FIG. 30C .
- the magnetic field generating coil GY(n+1) generates a magnetic field in accordance with the coil clock signal CLK.
- FIG. 30C the state in which the pen is close to the magnetic field generating coil GY(n) is kept. Therefore, no magnetic field coupling or weak magnetic field coupling occurs between the coil L 1 and the magnetic field generating coil GY(n+1). As a result, the capacitive element C is not charged at all or charged with few electric charges.
- the same magnetic field detection as shown in FIG. 30B is executed.
- the capacitive element C is not charged at all or charged with few electric charges, a signal change is not caused or the caused signal change is small at the other end of the magnetic field detection coil DX(n).
- the detection signal Rx(n) it can be detected that the pen is not close to the magnetic field generating coil GY(n+1) or distant from the magnetic field generating coil GY(n+1).
- a magnetic field is generated by a magnetic field generating coil formed of drive electrodes, and a magnetic field from the pen is detected by a magnetic field detection coil formed of detection electrodes detects. That is, the coil that generates the magnetic field is different from the coil that detects the magnetic field. Therefore, the operation for detecting the magnetic field from the pen can be started even if the magnetic field generating coil transiently changes after the magnetic field drive signal (coil clock signal CLK) stops. In this manner, the delay of the detection can be prevented.
- the magnetic field detection can be started when the amount of the electric charge charged in the capacitive element C is relatively large, and therefore, the detection accuracy can be improved.
- the drive electrodes TL formed on the TFT glass substrate TGB and the detection electrodes RL formed on the CF glass substrate CGB are used in both cases of electric field touch detection and magnetic field touch detection. That is, the drive electrodes TL are used for magnetic field generation and electric field generation, while the detection electrodes RL are used for magnetic field detection and electric field detection.
- the drive electrodes (first wirings) TL are used for magnetic field generation and electric field generation
- the signal lines (second wirings) SL are used for magnetic field detection
- the detection electrodes (third wirings) RL are used for electric field detection.
- the configuration of the display apparatus 1 of the third embodiment is similar to the configuration of the display apparatus 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5 . That is, in FIG. 5 , the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the switching amplification circuit SC-D&.
- FIG. 31 is a plan view of a configuration of the display apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 31 shows the plane of the display area 2 .
- reference characters TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) indicate drive electrodes arranged so as to extend in the row direction (horizontal direction) and to be in parallel with each other in the column direction (vertical direction).
- reference characters GL(m ⁇ 2) to GL(m+2) indicate scanning lines
- reference characters SL(n ⁇ 6) to SL(n+9) indicate signal lines arranged so as to intersect with the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1).
- a reference character SM indicates an auxiliary electrode connected to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1).
- the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) of FIG. 31 are connected to the first switch S 10 and second switch S 11 in vicinity of the side 2 -R of the display area 2 , as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 .
- the end (node TT 2 ) of the drive electrode TL(n+1) is connected to the signal wiring Lc via the third switch S 21 and to the signal wiring Lv via the fourth switch S 31 .
- the end (node TT 1 ) of the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 2) is connected to the signal wiring Ls via the fifth switch S 41 .
- the coil is formed of the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1).
- the selection signal ST 10 is set at the high level, the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the node TT 2 , and the ground voltage Vs is supplied to to the node TT 1 .
- the fourth switch S 31 is switched off so that the control signal TSV is supplied to the node TT 2 .
- the drive electrode TL(n+1) generates an electric field in accordance with the control signal TSV.
- FIG. 32 shows a state of the signal lines in the magnetic field touch detection.
- the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 6) to SL(n+9) are separated from each other.
- the magnetic field touch detection two signal lines adjacent to each other are connected. That is, in an area closer to the side 2 -D of the display area 2 ( FIG. 5 ), a switch is connected between two signal lines adjacent to each other, and the two signal lines are connected to each other via this switch in the magnetic field touch detection by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN. And, in an area closer to the side 2 -U of the display area 2 ( FIG. 5 ), a switch is connected between two signal lines adjacent to each other, and the two signal lines are connected to each other via this switch in the magnetic field touch detection by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN.
- FIG. 32 shows a state in the magnetic field touch detection in which the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 6) and SL(n ⁇ 5) are connected, the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 4) and SL(n ⁇ 3) are connected, and the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 2) and SL(n ⁇ 1) are connected.
- FIG. 32 shows a state in which the signal lines SL(n) and SL(n+1) are connected, the signal lines SL(n+2) and SL(n+3) are connected, the signal lines SL(n+4) and SL(n+5) are connected, the signal lines SL(n+6) and SL(n+7) are connected, and the signal lines SL(n+8) and SL(n+9) are connected.
- signal wirings UL 1 to LU 5 are arranged in an area closer to the side 2 -U, so that predetermined signal lines are connected to each other by the signal wirings UL 1 to LU 5 .
- the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 6) and SL(n ⁇ 5) are connected to the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 2) and SL(n ⁇ 1) by the signal wiring LU 1 in vicinity of the side 2 -U
- the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 4) and SL(n ⁇ 3) are connected to the signal lines SL(n+2) and SL(n+3) by the signal wiring LU 2 in vicinity of the side 2 -U.
- the signal lines SL(n) and SL(n+1) are connected to the signal lines SL(n+6) and SL(n+7) by the signal wiring LU 3 in vicinity of the side 2 -U, and the signal lines SL(n+4) and SL(n+5) are connected to the signal lines not shown by the signal wiring LU 4 in vicinity of the side 2 -U. Further, the signal lines SL(n+8) and SL(n+9) are connected to the signal lines not shown by the signal wiring LU 5 in vicinity of the side 2 -U. Note that switches which are controlled to be switched on and off by the magnetic-field enable signal SC_EN are provided between the signal wirings U 1 to U 5 and the signal line, and the signal wirings U 1 to U 5 are connected to the signal line only in the magnetic field touch detection.
- the interconnected signal lines are connected to the amplifying circuit AMP in vicinity of the side 2 -D.
- the amplifying circuit AMP has a plurality of the integration circuits described above with reference to FIG. 11 .
- a signal change caused at the interconnected signal lines is transmitted to each integration circuit, and an output of the integration circuit is supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx in the magnetic field touch detection.
- a magnetic field detection coil is formed of the parallely-interconnected signal lines SL(n ⁇ 6) and SL(n ⁇ 5) and the parallely-interconnected signal lines SL(n ⁇ 2) and SL(n ⁇ 1).
- a magnetic field detection coil is formed of the parallely-interconnected signal lines SL(n ⁇ 4) and SL(n ⁇ 3) and the parallely-interconnected signal lines SL(n+2) and SL(n+3)
- a magnetic field detection coil is formed of the parallely-interconnected signal lines SL(n) and SL(n+1) and the parallely-interconnected signal lines SL(n+6) and SL(n+7).
- a magnetic field is generated by a magnetic field generating coil formed of drive electrodes in the magnetic field generating period TCG ( FIG. 29 ).
- the capacitive element C in the pen is charged.
- TDT FIG. 29
- a magnetic field from the pen is detected by a magnetic field detection coil formed of signal lines, and is transmitted to the amplifying circuit AMP.
- the detection circuit DET Based on the detection signal Rx from the amplifying circuit AMP, the detection circuit DET detects the presence of the pen and/or the handwriting pressure.
- a plurality of signal lines are connected in parallel with each other in the magnetic field touch detection.
- the invention is not limited to this example, and one signal line may be the winding of a magnetic field detection coil. Nevertheless, by connecting the plurality of signal lines in parallel with each other, the resistance of the magnetic field detection coil can be reduced.
- FIG. 33 is a plan view of a configuration of the display apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment.
- reference characters RL( 0 ) to RL( 5 ) indicate detection electrodes arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB.
- Each of the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL( 5 ) is arranged so as to extend in the column direction and to be in parallel with each other in the row direction although not shown in FIG. 31 . That is, the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL( 5 ) are arranged on the first main surface CSF 1 of the CF glass substrate CGB so that they intersect with the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 2) to TL(n+1) of FIG. 31 but are in parallel with the signal lines SL(n ⁇ 6) to SL(n+9).
- the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL( 5 ) are connected to the amplifying circuit AMP in an area closer to the side 2 -D of the display area 2 ( FIG. 19 ).
- the amplifying circuit AMP has a plurality of the integration circuits described above with reference to FIG. 11 .
- a signal change caused at the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL( 5 ) is transmitted to each integration circuit, and an output of the integration circuit is supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx in the electric field touch detection.
- the control signal TSV whose voltage changes periodically is supplied to, for example, the drive electrode TL(n+1) of FIG. 31 as an electric field drive signal.
- a change in an electric field between the drive electrode TL(n+1) and each of the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL( 5 ) is amplified by the amplifying circuit AMP, and then, is supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx. In this manner, it can be detected whether the finger touches or not, or others.
- the amplifying circuit that amplifies the signal change in the magnetic field touch detection and the amplifying circuit that amplifies the signal change in the electric field touch detection may be the same as or different from each other.
- the signal changes are transmitted from the signal lines and detection electrodes to the amplifying circuit AMP in the area closer to the side 2 -D of the display area 2 . Therefore, the increase in the frame of the areas close to the sides 2 -L and 2 -R of the display area can be prevented.
- a magnetic field and an electric field are generated by using the same drive electrode, and are detected by using the signal line and the detection electrode formed of different conductive layers from each other.
- the invention is not limited to this example, but the magnetic field and the electric field may be generated by, for example, signal wirings (or electrodes) formed of different conductive layers from each other.
- a magnetic field is generated by using a plurality of signal wirings arranged so as to extend in the column direction and to be in parallel with each other in the row direction.
- An electric field may be generated by using signal wirings arranged so as to extend in the row direction and to be in parallel with each other in the column direction.
- the magnetic field is detected by using the plurality of signal wirings arranged so as to extend in the row direction and to be in parallel with each other in the column direction.
- the electric field is detected by using the signal wirings so as to extend in the column direction and to be in parallel with each other in the row direction.
- the magnetic field generation and detection are substantially shifted by 90 degrees from the electric field generation and detection. Even in this case, the detection accuracy can be improved since a magnetic field generating coil is different from a magnetic field detection coil.
- a plurality of magnetic field generating coils are arranged so as to overlap each other when seen in a plan view.
- the magnetic field detection coils are also arranged so as to overlap each other when seen in a plan view.
- An example in which the magnetic field generating coils as well as the magnetic field detection coils overlap each other has been already shown in FIG. 30 .
- only the magnetic field generating coils may be arranged so as to overlap each other, or only the magnetic field detection coils may be arranged so as to overlap each other.
- the display apparatus 1 of the fourth embodiment is similar to the display apparatus of the first embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 5 .
- a difference is made mainly in the configurations of the switching circuit SC-R, switching drive circuit SC-L, and detection control circuit SR.
- switching control drive circuits SR-R and SR-L are used in place of the switching circuit SC-R, switching drive circuit SC-L, and detection control circuit SR shown in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 34 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the switching control drive circuit SR-R according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the switching control drive circuit (drive circuit or first switching circuit) SR-L according to the fourth embodiment.
- the switching control drive circuit SR-R is arranged along the side 2 -R of the display area 2 ( FIG. 5 ) in place of the switching circuit SC-R of FIG. 5 , and is connected to the drive electrode in vicinity of the side 2 -R.
- the switching control drive circuit SR-L is arranged along the side 2 -L thereof ( FIG. 5 ) in place of the switching drive circuit SC-L and the detection control circuit SR of FIG.
- each of the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) is arranged between the switching control drive circuit SR-R and the switching control drive circuit SR-L.
- Each of the switching control drive circuits SR-R and SR-L has a plurality of unit selection circuits and a plurality of unit switching adjusting circuits corresponding to the unit selection circuits.
- each unit selection circuit corresponds to a drive electrode arranged in an area where a strong magnetic field is generated in the magnetic field touch detection.
- the unit switching adjusting circuits are controlled by the unit selection circuits corresponding thereto.
- FIG. 34 shows configurations of unit selection control circuits USR-R(n ⁇ 2) to USR-R(n+1) corresponding to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n+9), and unit switching adjusting circuits USC-R(n ⁇ 2) to USC-R(n+1) corresponding to these unit selection control circuits.
- FIG. 35 shows configurations of unit selection control circuits USR-L(n ⁇ 2) to USR-L(n+1) corresponding to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n+9), and unit switching adjusting circuits USC-L(n ⁇ 2) to USC-L(n+1) corresponding to these unit selection control circuits.
- each of the double-winding magnetic field generating coils is formed by using the drive electrode in the magnetic field touch detection.
- each of magnetic field generating coils is formed by using a one-half-winding drive electrode in the magnetic field touch detection. That is, in the magnetic field touch detection, one magnetic field generating coil is formed by using the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6), TL(n ⁇ 5), and TL(n+2) as the winding, and one magnetic field generating coil is formed by using the drive electrodes TL(n), TL(n+1), and TL(n+8) as the winding.
- one magnetic field generating coil is formed by using, for example, the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6), TL(n ⁇ 5), and TL(n+2) as the winding
- the area sandwiched between these drive electrodes i.e., the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) are inside the magnetic field generating coil, so that a strong magnetic field is generated.
- the drive electrodes TL(n), TL(n+1), and TL(n+8) as the winding
- the area sandwiched between these drive electrodes i.e., the drive electrodes TL(n+2) to TL(n+7) are inside the magnetic field generating coil, so that a strong magnetic field is generated. In this manner, the area where the strong magnetic field is generated can be prevented from being divided.
- each of the unit selection control circuits USR-R( 0 ) to USR-R(p) provided to the switching control drive circuit SR-R outputs a magnetic field control signal C-R that specifies an area (drive electrodes) where the strong magnetic field is generated.
- each of the unit selection control circuits sets the magnetic field control signal C-R so as to have a predetermined voltage. Further, in the display period, each unit selection control circuit outputs a display control signal D-R that specifies a drive electrode to which a display drive signal is to be supplied.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-R( 0 ) and USR-R(p) sequentially set the magnetic field control signals C-R( 0 ) to C-R(p) to the high level. For example, the magnetic field control signals C-R(n ⁇ 2), C-R(n ⁇ 1), C-R(n), and C-R(n+1) are sequentially set to the high level.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-R( 0 ) and USR-R(p) set the magnetic field control signals C-R( 0 ) to C-R(p) to the low level.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-R( 0 ) and USR-R(p) set the display control signals D-R( 0 ) to D-R(p) that specify drive electrodes to which the display drive signals are supplied, to the high level.
- the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-R(n ⁇ 1) has fifteenth switches R 210 to R 215 , sixteenth switches R 220 to R 225 , and a signal wiring 6340 .
- the sixteenth switches R 220 to R 225 are connected between a voltage wiring LV 1 and the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) corresponding to the corresponded unit selection control circuit USR-R(n ⁇ 1).
- These sixteenth switches R 220 to R 225 are controlled to be switched by the display control signal D-R(n ⁇ 1) output from the corresponding unit selection control circuit USR-R(n ⁇ 1).
- the fifteenth switch R 210 is connected between the signal wiring 6340 and the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) arranged close to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) corresponding to the unit selection control circuit USR-R(n ⁇ 1).
- the fifteenth switch R 211 is connected between the voltage wiring LV 2 and the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 5) arranged close to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) corresponding to the unit selection control circuit USR-R(n ⁇ 1).
- the fifteenth switch R 212 is connected between the signal wiring 6340 and the drive electrode TL(n+2) arranged close to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) corresponding to the unit selection control circuit USR-R(n ⁇ 1).
- one ends of the fifteenth switches R 213 to R 215 are connected to the drive electrodes TL(n+3) to TL(n+5), respectively, and the other ends thereof are put in a floating state.
- These fifteenth switches R 213 to R 215 are provided so that the fifteenth switches are regularity arranged. Therefore, if it is not required to ensure the regularity of the fifteenth switches, the fifteenth switches R 213 to R 215 may be not provided.
- the fifteenth switches R 210 to R 215 are controlled to be switched by the magnetic field control signal C-R(n ⁇ 1) output from the corresponding unit selection control circuit USR-R(n ⁇ 1).
- the other unit switching adjusting circuits have the same configuration as that of the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-R(n ⁇ 1).
- the fifteenth switches forming the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-R(n) are indicated as (R 210 ) to (R 215 )
- the sixteenth switches are indicated as (R 220 ) to (R 225 )
- the signal wiring is indicated as ( 6340 ).
- the fifteenth switches R 212 to R 215 in the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-R (n ⁇ 2) are indicated as [R 212 ] to [R 215 ]
- the sixteenth switches R 224 and R 225 therein are indicated as [R 224 ] and [R 225 ]
- the signal wiring 6340 therein is indicated as [ 6340 ].
- the fifteenth switches R 210 and R 211 in the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-R (n+1) are indicated as ⁇ R 210 > and ⁇ R 211 >
- the sixteenth switches R 220 and R 221 therein are indicated as ⁇ R 220 > and ⁇ R 221 >
- the signal wiring 6340 therein is indicated as ⁇ 6340 >.
- the fifteenth switches R 210 to R 213 included in the unit switching adjusting circuit corresponding to the unit selection control circuit are divided into two sets, and two sets are connected to predetermined respective drive electrodes that are arranged so as to sandwich the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) corresponding to the unit selection control circuit therebetween. That is, the fifteenth switches R 210 to R 213 are divided into a set of the fifteenth switches R 210 and R 211 and another set of the fifteenth switches R 212 and R 213 , and the two sets are connected to the predetermined electrode adjacent to the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 4) and the predetermined electrode adjacent to the drive electrode TL(n+1).
- each of the unit selection control circuits USR-L( 0 ) to USR-L(p) provided to the switching control drive circuit SR-L outputs a magnetic field control signal C-L that specifies an area (drive electrodes) where the strong magnetic field is generated.
- each of the unit selection control circuits outputs an electric field control signal that specifies a drive electrode to which an electric field drive signal is to be supplied.
- the magnetic field control signal C-L is also used as the electric field control signal.
- each unit selection control circuit outputs a display control signal D-L that specifies a drive electrode to which a display drive signal is to be supplied.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-L( 0 ) and USR-L(p) sequentially set the magnetic field control signals C-L( 0 ) to C-L(p) to the high level.
- the magnetic field control signals C-L(n ⁇ 2), C-L(n ⁇ 1), C-L(n), and C-L(n+1) are sequentially set to the high level.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-L( 0 ) and USR-L(p) set a magnetic field control signal (such as C-L( 0 )) corresponding to a drive electrode to which an electric field drive signal is supplied, to the high level, and set the other magnetic field control signals (such as C-L( 1 ) to C-L(p)) to the low level.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-L( 0 ) and USR-L(p) set the magnetic field control signals to the high level from C-L( 0 ) to C-L(p).
- the unit selection control circuits USR-L( 0 ) and USR-L(p) set display control signals D-L( 0 ) to D-L(p) to the high level.
- the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-L(n ⁇ 1) has seventeenth switches L 210 to L 215 , eighteenth switches L 220 to L 225 , and a signal wiring 6341 .
- the eighteenth switches L 220 to L 225 are connected between a voltage wiring LV 1 and the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) corresponding to the corresponded unit selection control circuit USR-L(n ⁇ 1).
- These eighteenth switches L 220 to L 225 are controlled to be switched by the display control signal D-L(n ⁇ 1) output from the corresponding unit selection control circuit USR-L(n ⁇ 1).
- the seventeenth switch L 210 is connected between the signal wiring LL 1 and the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) arranged close to the corresponding drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1), and the seventeenth switch L 211 is connected between the signal wiring 6341 and the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 5) arranged close to the corresponding drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1). Further, the seventeenth switch L 212 is connected between the signal wiring 6341 and the drive electrode TL(n+2) arranged close to the corresponding drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1).
- one ends of the seventeenth switches L 213 to L 215 are connected to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 3) to TL(n ⁇ 1), respectively, and the other ends thereof are put in a floating state.
- These seventeenth switches L 213 to L 215 are the same as the fifteenth switches R 213 to R 215 described above, and therefore, the description for them is omitted.
- the seventeenth switches L 210 to L 215 are controlled to be switched by the magnetic field control signal C-L(n ⁇ 1) output from the corresponding unit selection control circuit USR-L(n ⁇ 1).
- the other unit switching adjusting circuits have the same configuration as that of the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-L(n ⁇ 1).
- the seventeenth switches forming the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-L(n) are indicated as (L 210 ) to (L 215 )
- the eighteenth switches are indicated as (L 220 ) to (L 225 )
- the signal wiring is indicated as ( 6341 ).
- the seventeenth switches L 212 to L 215 in the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-L (n ⁇ 2) are indicated as [L 212 ] to [L 215 ]
- the eighteenth switches L 224 and L 225 therein are indicated as [L 224 ] and [L 225 ]
- the signal wiring 6341 therein is indicated as [ 6341 ].
- the seventeenth switches L 210 and L 211 in the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-L (n+1) are indicated as ⁇ L 210 > and ⁇ L 211 >
- the eighteenth switches L 220 and L 221 therein are indicated as ⁇ L 220 > and ⁇ L 221 >
- the signal wiring 6341 therein is indicated as ⁇ 6341 >.
- the seventeenth switches L 210 to L 212 included in the unit switching adjusting circuit corresponding to the unit selection control circuit are divided into two sets, and two sets are connected to predetermined respective drive electrodes (TL(n ⁇ 6), TL(n ⁇ 5), and TL(N+2)) that are arranged so as to sandwich the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) corresponding to the unit selection control circuit therebetween.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-R(n ⁇ 1) and USR-L(n ⁇ 1) corresponding to the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1) output the high-level magnetic field control signals C-R(n ⁇ 1) and C-L(n ⁇ 1).
- the other unit selection control circuits e.g., USR-R(n) and USR-L(n)
- the display control signals D-R(n ⁇ 1), D-R(n), D-L(n ⁇ 1) and D-L(n) are set at the low level.
- the control circuit D-CNT supplies the periodically-changing coil clock signal CLK to the signal wiring LL 1 .
- the ground voltage Vs is supplied to the voltage wiring LV 2 .
- the fifteenth switches R 210 to R 212 are switched on in the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-R(n ⁇ 1).
- the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) is connected to the signal wring 6340 via the fifteenth switch R 210
- the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 5) is connected to the voltage wring LV 2 via the fifteenth switch R 211 .
- the drive electrode TL(n+2) is connected to the signal wring 6340 via the fifteenth switch R 212 .
- the seventeenth switches L 210 to L 212 are switched on in the unit switching adjusting circuit USC-L(n ⁇ 1).
- the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) is connected to the signal wring LL 1 via the seventeenth switch L 210
- the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 5) is connected to the signal wring 6341 via the seventeenth switch L 211 .
- the drive electrode TL(n+2) is connected to the signal wring 6341 via the seventeenth switch L 212 .
- the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6), TL(n ⁇ 5) and the drive electrode TL(n+2) which are arranged in parallel with each other across the area from the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1), are connected in series between the voltage wiring LV 2 and the signal wiring LL 1 .
- a magnetic field generating coil obtained by winding these drive electrodes one and half (1.5) times as the winding is formed.
- the coil clock signal CLK is supplied to the signal wiring LL 1 , and therefore, a magnetic field that changes in accordance with the changes in the coil clock signal CLK is generated in the magnetic field generating coil. If the pen is present in vicinity of the area from the drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 4) to TL(n+1), the capacitive element C in the pen is charged by magnetic field energy generated in the magnetic field generating coil.
- the pen internal coil By the electric charge charged on the capacitive element C in the pen, the pen internal coil generates the magnetic field in the magnetic field detection period TDT.
- the magnetic field generated by the pen is detected by the magnetic field detection coil formed of the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) and is supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx.
- the magnetic field control signal C-R(n) and magnetic field control signal C-L(n) from the unit selection control circuit USR-R(n) and unit selection control circuit USR-L(n) are at the low level, and therefore, the fifteenth switches (R 210 ) to (R 215 ) and the seventeenth switches (L 210 ) to (L 215 ) in the unit switching adjusting circuits USC-R(n) and USC-L(n) are switched off.
- the drive electrodes are not connected to the signal wirings ( 6340 ) and ( 6341 ), the voltage wiring LV 2 , and the signal wiring LL 1 , and therefore, the magnetic field generating coil is not formed.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-L( 0 ) to USR-L(p) output the magnetic field control signals C-L( 0 ) to C-L(p) as electric field control signals.
- the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) as a drive electrode that generates an electric field will be described as follows.
- the unit selection control circuit USR-L(n ⁇ 1) sets the magnetic field control signal C-L(n ⁇ 1) to the high level output as an electric field control signal.
- the other unit selection control circuits USR-L( 0 ) to USR-L(n ⁇ 2), and USR-L(n) to USR-L(p) output the low-level magnetic field control signals.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-R( 0 ) to USR-R(p) output the low-level magnetic field control signals C-R( 0 ) to C-R(p). Note that this period is not the display period, and therefore, the display control signals D-L and D-R are at the low level.
- the fifteenth switches are switched off.
- the seventeenth switches L 210 to L 215 are switched on. Since the seventeenth switch L 210 is switched on, the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) is connected to the signal wiring LL 1 via the seventeenth switch L 210 .
- the control circuit D-CNT supplies the control signal TSV, whose voltage changes periodically, to the signal wiring LL 1 .
- the control signal TSV is supplied to the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) as a magnetic field drive signal. Since the fifteenth switch is at off, the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) is put in a floating state, and the magnetic field drive signal is supplied to the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6), so that an electric field that changes in accordance with the magnetic field drive signal is generated.
- a change in the electric field between the detection electrodes RL( 0 ) to RL(p) and the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 6) is supplied to the detection circuit DET as the detection signal Rx, so that the touch by the finger is detected.
- the unit selection control circuits USR-R( 0 ) to USR-R(p) and the unit selection control circuits USR-L( 0 ) to USR-L(p) output the high-level display control signals D-R( 0 ) to D-R(p) and the high-level display control signals D-L( 0 ) to D-L(p), respectively.
- the sixteenth switches and eighteenth switches are switched on, so that the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) are connected to the voltage wiring LV 1 in vicinity of the side 2 -R and the side 2 -L in the display area 2 .
- the control circuit D-CNT supplies a display drive voltage to the voltage wiring LV 1 in the display period. In this manner, in the display period, the display drive voltage is supplied to the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p).
- the configurations of coils overlapping each other have been described while exemplifying the magnetic field generating coils. Meanwhile, the magnetic field detection coils may also overlap each other.
- the switching control drive circuits SR-R and SR-L of FIGS. 34 and 35 are used for the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 of FIG. 5 has been described as the fourth embodiment. Meanwhile, the switching control drive circuits SR-R and SR-L may also be used for the liquid crystal display apparatus 1 of FIG. 19 . In this case, since the signal lines and the drive electrodes extend in parallel with each other, the signal lines can be connected in parallel to the drive electrodes in touch detection as described in the second embodiment, so that the resistance of the drive electrodes can be further reduced.
- FIG. 9 shows the example in which the magnetic field generating coil is formed of the drive electrodes close to each other (e.g., drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n ⁇ 3)).
- the invention is not limited to this example.
- one or a plurality of drive electrodes may be sandwiched between the drive electrode (n ⁇ 5) and the drive electrode (n ⁇ 4).
- the area of the drive electrodes sandwiched between the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 5) and the drive electrode TL(n ⁇ 4) is inside the magnetic field generating coil, and a strong magnetic field is generated in this area.
- FIG. 9 shows the example in which the magnetic field generating coil is formed of the drive electrodes close to each other (e.g., drive electrodes TL(n ⁇ 6) to TL(n ⁇ 3)).
- the invention is not limited to this example.
- one or a plurality of drive electrodes may be sandwiched between the drive electrode (n ⁇ 5) and the drive electrode (n ⁇ 4).
- FIG. 11 shows the example in which the magnetic field detection coil is formed of the detection electrodes close to each other (e.g., detection electrodes RL(n ⁇ 3) to RL(n)).
- the invention is not limited to this example
- one or a plurality of detection electrodes may be sandwiched between the detection electrode (n ⁇ 2) and the detection electrode (n ⁇ 1).
- the area of the detection electrodes sandwiched between the detection electrode TL(n ⁇ 2) and the detection electrode TL(n ⁇ 1) is inside the magnetic field generating coil, and the detection of magnetic field is improved in this area.
- FIG. 12 shows the example in which the sixth switches S 50 to S 53 are formed of the single-pole double-throw switches.
- the invention is not limited to this example. Since it is only required to put a detection electrode to which an electric field drive signal is supplied in a floating state in electric field touch detection, the sixth switch may be a single-pole single-throw switch connected between the detection electrode RL and the ground voltage Vs. In this case, the single-pole single-throw switch is switched on in the magnetic field touch detection to connect the detection electrode RL to the ground voltage Vs, and is switched off in electric field touch detection.
- the fourteenth switch S 130 of FIG. 26 is not limited to a single-pole double-throw switch, either, and may be a single-pole single-throw switch.
- the TFT glass substrate TGB can be regarded as a first substrate having an area of pixel (pixel area) partitioned by a plurality of signal lines and a plurality of scanning lines.
- the CF glass substrate CGB can be regarded as a second substrate opposite to the first substrate.
- a plurality of magnetic field generating coils are arranged on the first substrate, as shown in FIG. 9 .
- Each magnetic field generating coil is rectangular when seen in a plan view. Along side of the rectangular magnetic field generating coil is arranged so as to extend in the row direction (first direction) and is in parallel with each other in the column direction (second direction).
- each magnetic field detection coil is also rectangular when seen in a plan view, and a long side of the rectangular magnetic field detection coil is arranged so as to extend in the column direction (second direction) and is in parallel with each other in the row direction (first direction).
- the second embodiment has described a case in which the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) extend in the column direction and are arranged in parallel with each other in the row direction.
- the row direction and the column direction change depending on the viewpoint.
- a case in which the drive electrodes TL( 0 ) to TL(p) and the signal lines SL( 0 ) to SL(p) extend in the row direction and are arranged in parallel with each other in the column direction by the change of the viewpoint is also included in the scope of the present invention.
- a term “parallel” used in the present specification means extensions from one end to the other end without intersecting with each other. Thus, even if one line (or electrode) is inclined partially or entirely with respect to the other line (or electrode), this state is also assumed to be “parallel” in the present specification as long as these lines do not intersect with each other from one end to the other end.
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Abstract
Description
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US20170108972A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
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