US1061308A - Explosive-engine. - Google Patents

Description

B. MoKBB. BIPLOSIVB ENGINE. nnxouxol nun in. n, 1m.

Patented May 18, 1913.

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B. MoKEB. EXPLOSIVB ENGINE. nmouxol rm un. 1. xm.

Patented May 13, 1913.

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--n V r a..- l 9 --Q 0| 1f w1 a a L 21 ROBERT MOKEE, or P'HLADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ExPLosIvE-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters ateiit.

Patented May 13, 1913.

Application tiled March 19, 1909. Serial No. 484,364.

To all whom. it may concern.'

Be it known that I, Roniia'r MOKEE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city and county of Philadelphia State of Pennsylvania, have invented an lmprovement in Explosive-Engines, of which the lfollowing is a specification.

My invention has reference to explosive engines and consists of certain improvements which are fully set foi-th in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings which forni a part thereof.

'lhe object of my invention is to provide means for reversing an explosive engine so that it may be dircctl used for forward or backward running an dispense with reversing gearing in tie power transmitting devices.

My ob'ect is al'so to so construct the reversing cevices that the en ine may be rcversed without being broug it to a condition of rest.

My invention consists of the usual rotating cam shaft having lsupplyand exhaust cams, combined with operatin heads for the intake and exhaust valves, lifters interposed between the cams and operating heads, and means for shifting the said liftersto change the `lead of the cams upon the operating heads; further in the foregoing features when combined with means for automatically adjustinfr the igniting devices to change the time of ignition to suit the reversed operation of the engine; further in the foregoing features when combined with hand lever devices and connecting means whereby the act of advancing the time of i nition also adjusts the litters to change t ie leads of the operating cams for the intake and exhaust valves.

More generally considered, my-invention consists of an explosive engine having the usual cam shaft and cams for opcratingvthe intake and exhaust valves or either of them combined with means, independent of the emu shaft and its operative gears, for changing the lead or time of action ol the cam or cams upon thevalve or valves.

My invention also coinprehends details of construction which, together with the features above specified, will Ibe `better understood by reference to the drawings,lin `|which:

Figurel is a side elevation of an explosive cngineembodying my invention;' Fig. 2 is va sectional elevation of a portion of the same on line -w; Fig. 3 is an enlarged view.

of the reversing hand operated devices shown in Fig. 1; Fi 4 is a cross section through the cam sha t and the means for adjusting the lifters; and Fig. 5 is a pers eet-ive view of the connecting link between e reversing levers.

The general construction of the explosive eiifrine may be of any character desired.

Iy improvements are specially designed for changing the lead of the cams for operating the valves and also for chan ing the time of ignition, and preferably so t iat both of these o erations take place by the same hand manipulation.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, .2 represents the main crank shaft which is rotated by the usual pistons and connecting rods.

3 is the cam shaft and this is positively geared with the crank shaft by meansof supporting gearing 4 5 and (l. It is immaterial what form of gcarin connects the shafts 2 and 3 so long as the s iaft 3 is made torotate relatively to the crank shaft 2 always the same, that is to say, if tlie shaft rotates to the right when the crank shaft 2 is rotated to the right., then when the crank shaft 2 is reversed t-he cam shaft 3 will also be reversed. Mbreover, it is not intended that there shall be any change in the power transmitting connections between the shafts 2 and 3 so far as my invention is concerned. The cani shaft 8 is provided with cams 7 and 8 arranged 180 degrees apart and one of said cams may operate the exhaust. valve and the other the intake valve.

15 represents one of the valve operating rods and may be made of any ordinary construction, the particular form of the valve beingimmaterial. 13 represents o erating hea s for moving the exhaust an intake valves said heads being guided vertically in the main frame or casing of the engine. The lower ends of these o erating heads are preferably enlarged by Ifianges 14.

. l1 are lifters which are provided at their free ends with rollers 12 which engage the cams 7 and 8. The u per portions ofthese lifters immediately aiiove the rollers operate upon the flanged lower portions 14 of the operating heads 13 for the valves. These lifters 11 are respectively hin ed to arms 10 which are adjustably clampe upon a rock shaft 9 journaled in the Casin of the engine. 'filiere are two arms 10, one or each of the lifters 11 and said arms are secured to the llt) with clamping screws 17'by which .t ie. yma

lie adjusted circiun'ierentially'l and Ongi'` tiidina ly upon the rock shaft 9.

-From an examination of Fig. 4 it will be seen that when the roekshaft is in the posi tion shown one of the lifters is thrust forward and the other backward so that the rollers of the two lifters are arranged about 90 degrees apart with reference to the cam shaft 3. In this position it will be observed that one of the cams just leaves the lifter as the other cam begins to operate upon its lifter, so that at no time will both valves be open during the normal'runnin of the engine. Byrocking the shaft 9, it is evident that the positions of the litters may be reversed and'this will change the angular difference in the operation of the cams 90 degrees which would be necessary for reversing the engine. As the upper portion of the lifters always operates upon the flat under surface of the heads'13, it is immaterial in which position the lifters are placed. The up er parts of the litters which engage wit the heads 13 are made somewhat roundedso that when the litters are rocked in changing their positions they will not objeetionably disturb the heads. The end of the rock shaft 9 is secured to a hand lever 23 by which it may be rocked. This hand lever is provided with a latch lever 20 which operates a' locking pin 25 carried by the hand lever and adapted to engage holes 28 in an adjustable bracket 27 which may be adjustably clamped upon the hub of the bearing of the'shaft 9 on the casing by means of the clam 24.] In this manner the bracket may be adjusted to the proper position to insure the proper rocking of the shaft 9. Hinged to the hand lever 23 is abloek 29 through which the cam link 31 asses said rod havin stops 86 between -whic theblock 29 may p ay and which are adapted'tobe struck by the said block for shifting the rod 31. The end of the link'81 is pivoted to a hinged arm 32 which is connected b va link 83 with a second hand lever 18. T e hand lever. 18 is frictionally clam ed upon the hub er bearin of the shaft 3 y means of a clamp 19 an said arm carries the'contaet box 21 having the contact 22 of the sparkindevice. 'I he end of the shaft 8 is -provi ed with the contact arm 20 which' during its rotation closes its cireuitwith the contact 22 for exploding the mixture in theengine.

In f Fig. 3 `the lever 18 is in an intermediato position, such 'as will 'cause an adjustment ofy thetirner to induce the ex lesion to take place exactly'y on the dead cen er of the en ine.- To'make the engine operate pro er yl, the leverflS shouldbe thrown to t e ris t o r to the left accordngto' the direc-l tion in which the engine is to run'and so thatv the'ignitiontakes place just before the lcrank reaches the highest point in its travel fand preferably so ti at the explosion takes place slightly before the cranc passes the dead center. However, for causing the engine to reverse its direction of travel, it is r[necessary to throw the lever 1.8 to a greater ldistance from the vertical with the object of causing the explosion to take )lace some considerable time before the deut center is reached and thereby cause the crank shaft to be rotated in the reverse direction.

Assuming that the engine was runnin(r in a direction corresponding to the travel ofthe hands of a watch and it was desired to reverse the engine, the operation would be as follows: The hand lever 18 would be pulled to the left and this action would move the contact. 22 considerably to the left so that the ignition would take place at some time before the crank had reached the top of its stroke with the result that the crank shaft would be reversed. At the saine time that the lever 18 is moved to change the position of the contact 22 it also operates the rod 3l and this first unlatches the lever 23 and then shifts it to rock the shaft 9 to change the positions of the lifters 11, and consequently the time of action of the cams 7 and 8 upon the valves.

`when the rod 31 is moved to the left (Fig.

3) the cam part 85 (which is immediately back of the Din 30) will first force the pin outward and operate the latch lever 2G and withdraw the detent pin 25, after which, a further movement of the rod 3l will cause the ri lit-hand stop 36 to strike the block 29 and orcibly throw the levier 23 from the position shown in Fig. 3 to a new position approximately 90 degrees to the left. When this is accomplished, the engine will continue to revolve in the reverse direction, but as the ignition will be taking place after the crank has considerably passed its dead center, it is necessary to obtain the full power o f the engine to readjiist the lever 18 and its contact 22 to substantially the vertical position again so as to induce the i nitioii at or about the time the crank is at its highest position.' When making this readjustiiieut. the rod 31 will be moved to the right, and as it slides through the block 29 the pin 30 To cause the hand lever 23 to g, be operated by the operation of the lever azi is released, and the spring actuated latch lever 26 presses thel detent'pin 25-into the hole 28 at the left partof the segment 27, 'The valve mechanismwill be the'ndefinitelyadjusted and no fnrther'slight adjustment of the lever 18 will affectl it, butsaid lever 18 may be more or less ad'ustedto vary the timeof ignition to suit t e requirementsor desires of the operator.` ".Vhile the ignition with the crank on its dead centeris ordi-'- narily satisfactory, in those' cascswhere the engine runs at high speed it is preferable that the ignition shall take place sli htly before t-he dead center is reached, an( this may be accomplished with the improvements herein described without interfering with the operation of the valves. As the lever 18 is separately held upon the hub of the bearing for the shaft 3 and with sufficient friction to retain its position, it may be moved to any position desired, and will normally remain there.

lVhile I have shown a connection between the levers 18 and 23 whereby the latter ma)7 be automatically operated by the former it. is evident that this conntion may be dispensed with if desired and the two levers 18' and 23 be separately operated by hand.

Frein the foregoing description it will be understood that the essential feature of improvement herein set out residesv in means for changing the time of action of the cams upon the valves and also for automatically changing the time of ignition at or about the time of changing the time of operation of the cam mechanism, and while I prefer the construction shown as bein excellently adapted forv the purposes oftiefinvention, I do not restrict' myself thereto as the details may be modified without departing from the spirit of the invention.

lt is also to be understood that while I have shown a single cylinder engine the invention is equall adapted to a multiple cylinder engine suc i as commonly employed on automobiles.

I further desire it to be understood that while I have shown the reversing mechanisin to secure adjustment as to time of operation of both the intake and exhaust valves, the embodiment of my-v inventionmay be had when the adjustment relates alone to the exhaust valve.

It is also to be understood that while I have shown a 'special form of construction interposed between the camshaft andthe valves of the engine, any suitable meansv so interposed'may'be employed in lieu ofthose shown for accomplishingffthe samefr'esults and -still be an embodiment of thefessential vfeatures of my'invention-f 1- Having, now .described myfinvention what .A I claim as new and desire-to'secure vby, Let-A ters Patent, is l' I 1. In.a reversible explosive engine, the

combination ofthe crank shaft, a valve operating cam shaft having inlet and exhaust cams,- gearing for causing the cam shaft to be operated y and maintain the same relative directions .of rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of the crank shaft, inlet and exhaust valves, reciprocatable parts for o erating the valves, means for operating t e reci rocatable parts, actuated by the cams and a 'ustable circumferentially about the axisof t e cam shaft but always in operative relation between the same cams and reciprocatable parts, and hand operated adjustin devices for adjusting the means for operating the reciprocatable parts for changin lthe time of action of the cams upon the va ves both in opening and closing.

2. In a reversible explosive engnie having ignition devices, the combination of the crank shaft, a valve operating cam shaft having inlet and exhaust cams, gearing for causing the cam shaft to be opeiated by and maintain the same relativo directions of rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of the crank shaft., inlet and exhaust valves, reciprocatablc parts for operating the valves, means for o erating the reciprocatable parts actuated y the cams and a justable circuinferentially about t-lie axis of the cam shaft but always in operative relation between the same cams and reciprocatable parts,mcans for changing the time of action of the ignition devices, and hand op erated adjusting devices for adjusting tie means for operating the reciprocatable parts for changin the time of action of the cams upon the vaves both in opening and closing, and also for o erating the means for changing the time of action of the ignition devices whereby the time of ignition and the angular adjustment of the means for operating the reciprocatableparts are caused to be simultaneously adjusted.

8. In a reversible ex losive engine, the combination of the cran shaft, a valve operating cam shaft having one inlet and one exhaust cam for each cylinder, gearing for causing the cam shaft to be operated by and maintain the same relative directions of rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of the crank shaft, inlet and exhaust valves, reciprocatable parts for operating the valves, means for operating the reciprocatable parts actuated by the cams and adjustable circumferentially about the axis of the cam shaft, hand operated adjusting devices for adjusting the means for operating the rcciprocatable arts for changing the time of action 'of eac of the cams upon the valves `both in opening and closing, and locking lll they are relativel geared together so as to-always rotate inthe saine relative directions aii'd saidcam shaft having its cani surfaces upon only a portion of its circumference so as totintermittently act, valves` for the engine, -o erating heads for the valves having exten ed lower surfaces, .lifters interposed between the extended surfaces of the operatin heads-and the cams of thecani shaft, an means for bodily shifting the lifters simultaneously in relatively. opposite directions for reversing the engine. 1

5.=1n an explosiveiengine, the combination of the crank shaft and a cam shaft geared together so as to always rotate inthe saine relativo directions, valves for the en fine, sliding operating heads for the valves, 1i ters interposed between the operatinglheads and the cams of the cam shaft and intermittently operated by vthe cams, and means for shifting the lifters simultaneously in opposite directions for reversing the engine, consisting of a rock shaft, means for adjusting the rock shaft and holding it in its adjusted positions, and o posite y directed arms secured on the roc shaft to which the lifters are respectively connected and by which they are moved.

6. In an explosive engine, the combination of the crank shaft and a cam shaft geared together so as to always rotatein the same ie ative directions, valves' for the engine, operating heads for the valves, lifters interposed between the operatin heads and the cams of the camshaft an intermittently operated by the cams, and meansforsliifting the lifterssimultaneously'infopposite directions for reversingjtlie engine consist ing of a rock shaft means for adjustingthe rock shaft and hol in it in its adjusted positions, and opposite y directed arms4 adjustably secured on therock shaft whereby circumferentially ad'- justable and to which the'lifters are respectively vconnected and by lwhich they are moved.

7. In an explosive en fine, the combination of the crank shaft an a cani shaft geared to ether so as toalways rotate in the same ieative directions, valvesfor the engine, operating heads for the valves, lifters interposed between the operatingfheads and the cams ofthe cam shaft, nieansvincludin a rock shaft for shifting :the lifters simulztaneously in opposite directions for reversin the engine, means for adjusting the roet shaft, means'to control the time of i nition of the engine, a lever to operate t e said ignition means, and connecting. devices between the said lever and the means for adjusting-the -roek shaft whereby the latter is automatically adjustedA by tlie movement of the lever w ien changing the .time ofjignition.

of the cam shaft, a rock shaft, valves for theen ine, two lifter devices for o erating the va ves of the engine bodily a justable relatively to the cams under the action of the rock shaft for changing the time of ac; tion of the cams upon the valves both in opening and closing, a hand lever for roekingtlie rock shaft, and detachable locking means for retaining the lever in its extreme adjusted positions.

9.,In an explosive engine, the coiiibiuation of the cam shaft., a rock shaft, valves for the engine, two lifter devices for operating the valves of tho engine adjustable relativelyto the cams under the action ol the, rock shaft for changing the time of action of the canis n on the valves, a lever for rocking the rock s iaft, means for retainingr the lever in its extreme adjusted positions, a cam rod for releasing the operating lever and moving it, and means for reciprocating the cam rod.

10. In an explosive engine the combination of the cam shaft, a roel: shaft, valves for the en ine, two lifter devices for operating the va ves of @he engine adjustable relatively to the cams under the action of the rock shaft for cliangin the time of action of the canis upon the vaives, a lever for rocking the rock shaft, means for retaining the lever in its extreme adjusted positions, a cam rod for releasing the o eratin lever and moving it, means for reciprocating the cam rod, and means for'changing the time of ignition of the engine operated by the means for reciprocating the cam rod.

11. In an explosive engine the combination,of the cam shaft, a rock shaft, valves for tlieen ine, two'lifter devices for operating the va ves of the engine adjustable relatively to the cams under the action of the roclcsliaft for changin the time of action of the cams upon the va ves, a lever for rocking the rock shaft, means for retaining the lever in its extreme adjusted ositions, a latch lever carried by the operating lever, a block 20 secured to the operatin lever, a pin 30 extendin through the bloc t for operating the latci lever, a reci rocating rod 31 extending through the bloc( 29 and having-stops 36 at a distance apart for striking the block and shifting it and also having cams B5 for operatin the in 30 for releasing the latch lever aand ever l8,and connections between the hand lever and the rod 31 to reciprocate it.

1Q. In an explosive engine the combination of thecam shaft, a roclc shaft, valves for the engine, two lifter devices for operating the valves of the engine adjustable relatively to the cams under the action of the rock shaft for changing the time of action of the cams upon the valves, a lever for rocking the rock shaft, means for retaining the lever in its extreme adjusted positions,

a latch lever carried by the operatin lever, a block 20 secured to the o eratin ever, a pin 30 extending through t e bloc for operating the late lever, a reciprocatin rod 31 extending through the bloc r 29 an having stops 36 at a distance apart for striking the block and shifting it and also having cams 35 for o )erating the pin 80 for releasing the latch ever, a hand lever 18, connections between the hand lever and the rod 31 to reciprocate it, and igniting devices for Chano-ing the time of ignition arranged to be adjusted by the movement of the hand lever.

13. In an explosive en ine, a cam shaft havinga cam portion, an a valve adapted to be operated thereby for controllin admission of fuel to the cylinder, com ined with an operatin head for moving the valve having an exten ed surface arranged transversely to and parallel with the axis of the cam shaft, a single lifter device arranged between the cam shaft and the o erating head and constantly restin bv gravity upon the cam shaft and cam an a 'ustable transversely relativelyv to the sha tand to the head without changn its vertical operative relation thereto when ully shifted in its extreme positions, means manually controlled for shifting the lifter device while maintaining its contact with the camshaft to change its time of contact with the cam approximaely 90 degrees and thereby advance the time of action of the cam upon the valve to reverse the engine, and means connected with the shifting means for the lifter device for controllin the time of ignition to correspond to the c ange of time of the operation of the valve. I Y

14. In an explosive en 'ne aj cam shaft and valve, an operating ead for moving the valve, a lifter device arranged between the cam shaft and the operating head, and means manually controlled .for bodilyl shifting the lifter device relatively to the axis of the cam shaft and approximately 90 degrees about its circumference to change the time of action of the valve durin the normal rotation of the cam shaft sai means consisting of a rock shaft having an arm to which the liftin device is hinged, a lever secured to the roc shaft Ifor rocking it, and detachable lookin means for securing the lever in its adjuste positions.

15. In an explosive engine, a valve for controlling communication between the interior and exterior of the cylinder, combined with means for reciprocating the said'valve commensurate with the rotation of the crank shaft and Wholly changing its time of reciprocation to reverse t e engine `consistingr of a cam shaft and cam positively rotated by the en ine at the same relative speeds, a lifter device havingy a free end arranged to continually rest upon the cam shaft'and be operated by the cam for reciprocating the valve, a movable fulcrum or iinge for the end of the lifter most distant from the c am shaft having hand operatable means for shifting the lifter device through an angle about the cam shaft of approximately 90 degrees the construction being such that While maintaining its operative relation with the valve it Wholly changes the time of operation el' the valve relatively to the crank of the engine for reversing the engine but Without varying its relative frequency of operation relative to the crank, and means connected with the means for shifting the lifter device for changing the time of ignition to corres ond to the change of time of operation of t e valve. y

In testimony of which invention, I here unto set my hand.

ROBERT MoKEE. Witnesses:

R. M. IIUN'rmu, R. M. KELLY.

CopiesY ot this patent may be' obtained tor live centi each, by addressing the Commissioner ot Intenta. Washington, D. 0."

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