US1059387A - Governor for steam-turbines. - Google Patents

Description

W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.7, 1908.

1,05 9,387 Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

Fa a 3 2&2275ze66 61s fizz/e72 for W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 001m, 1909.

1,059,387; Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

6 SHBETSSHEET'2.

W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 0017, 190a.

1,059338'7, Patented .Apr. 22, 1913.

B SHEBTS'SEEET 3.

zd ey' 7Z6 7" 0% w had/w W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLIUATION FILED 0UT.7. 1908* Z er/zer 0% W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 0012.7, 1908.

6 SHEETS-SHEETS.

zd fr/eer W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 0076.7, 1908.

Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

6 SHEBTS SHEET 6.

iii-Eli r 0 a a Z 7% 10 w w 7 a fl {To all whom a .of the Republic of switz'erland resi Pil'sen, in Bohemia, Austria-Hungary ,inv'ented certain new and useful 1 'ments in Regulatin .nors for Steam or sirarrnsjratrnnr curios. f

WERNER omrornnsnn, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, assrenon "ro mums or 'SKODA- WEB-KB, ax'rmnonssnnsonarr m rxnsnn," or irxnsnn, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

*eovisnmn .ron s'rnam-rrunnmns.

l Specific sue! of Letters Patent. "Application iuea'omm 1, mos. "seen He. 456,563.

P'atente'd Apr. 22, 1913.

mag concern: Be 1t knownithat I, :WERNER ,O'rr," citizen f at ave Apparatus or overas'Turbines, .of which a the followingisa specification.

I high pressure'valve or higher .essa'ry, during the Thisinvent-io'n relates to re lating apparatus or governors. for steam or gas turbines of the type comprising a part driven. by- 'a high pressure medium and one or-more other parts driven. by a medium at :1 lower pressure.

bines, the low pressure portion of Insuch high and low pressure turdriven say for exampleby the exhaust steam from. high pressure steam engines of any kind workingintennittently or continuously and at a. definite counter pressureit is nect-ime in which such en- 'nes do not supply sufiicient steam for drivmg the low pressure the turbine stages of steam pressure w th live ,steam in the lesser quantity. of steam may be .equa

iaeclr For thispurpose it is both the live steam regulating valve as well addition to this both such, valves must beas the regulating valve for the exhaust steam should be placed under the influence of the speed regulator or governor and in placed under the'influence'of an apparatus which is acted uponby ,the pressureiof the governoris only dependent upon the load of a the. machines 55 rent, or rotary... current the high pressure valve is distributed tocorrespond exhaust steam present.

exhaust steam from the primary engine and which, when the pressure of the" exhaust steam drops, more and more and-correspondingly opens so that theload in-. side'the various stages of the whole turbine to the volume of is toprovide. improved nism 'suitable to efi'ect -t Now the .objectaof the present invention is purpose and.

.whereby it is insured that even inthis combined regulation the position-1 of the speed driven by ,the whole turbine,

that is to say-is quite independent of the dis- This is in rovewhichis portion, to supply the I necessary that closes the low pressure valve overning mechagenerator and the electrical'machines are connected up to other generators, as in such arrangements the number of revolutions and consequently" also the position of the regulator must be kept constant when there is a definite load on the i whole turbine.

Governors embodyingthis invention are.

illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings.

r Figure 1 shows partly in side elevation and partly in'se'ction aconstruction of governor mechanism in which the speed. regulator and the pressure regulator act directly upon the valve mechanism. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of an arrangement in which the speed regulator acts upon the valve mechanism through a servo-motor,

while the pressure regulator acts directly upon it. V Fig. 3 is a diagram of an arrange ment in wh1ch-the speed regulator and the pressure regulator both act upon the valve mechanism through the agency of the serromotors. Figs. 4,5 and -6 are similar diagrams indicatingmodified constructions.

The principle of the .present invention will be understood by reference to Fig. 1 in which A indicates the regulating valve for the low pressure steam, B the regulating valve'for the high pressure steam, and G the speed regulator. The steam passes through the valves in the manner indicated by the arrows. The speed regulator acts upona lever 1 through a lever 3 mounted to rock about a pivot 2 and connected by a rod 5 to the lever 1 at an intermediate point 4. A rod 6 is connected with one end b of the lever 1 and transmits its movement to a lever 7 rigidly mounted upon a rocking pin 8 pivoted in the low pressure throttle valve casing 12. 'A lever 13 within the easing 12.is also rigidly fixed on the rocking pin 8 and pivotally connected at 9 to the low pressure steam throttling device comprising a stem carrying'two disk valves 10 and 11. The movements of the opposite end b of the lever 1 are transmitted to the high pressure throttlevalve -16 in a similar way by a rod 18 and the levers'le and 19.; Thehigh pressure regulating valve 15-16 is pressed constantly against its seat constitutes a relatively fixed: point about, whieh-the lever 1 can oscillate, Instead of a 4 spring a weigh't.may'.be employed. A

piston 20 is arranged to move easily but inan air tight manner within the casing of the low pressure steam regulating valve A, 5 theunderside of the piston being exposed to' the' pressure of the incoming" exhaust steam and the top of the piston being actedupon by an ad'ustable spring 21. The piston 20- is provi ed with a eentrallyhrranged stem..2 f, which, .when the piston-is in, its lower position,presse's down 'thestern of the double seat valve l0- 11,- while, when the v Piston isjn its g est position the valve;- s completely released and is thereforeonly.

forced up by the pressure of the -exhaust" steam and, as described,,. completelyre- "leases the lo'wpressure' 'valve 11.-; Thespring 17 -on the other hand, forces the high pressure valve 1 5-16 downonto its a seat so'that the -end of the -'lever 1 is in w its lowest position and; constitutes the -cen- 'ter 40f oscillatidn ofthe leverand, onthe. --movement of the ,regulator C out of its highest; position indicated by? 1" into the "lowest position indicated by 1 the lever 1 V will beshifted from its position 5 to'the 35 position- 5 v and the low pressure valve 10511will-pass from the completely closed v positioi'i into the position of maximum open- W'hcxi the quantity of exhaust steam 's suflicient the full regulator stroke 1 to 321! therefore corresponds to the transition of the load on the-turbine from',zero load to full load. f

The conditions shown in Fi 1 correspond tofthe' position of the regulationfor 4-5; a mean load, in which case the rods and le vers are situated inla'centra'l position; If

\now, with this load o1'1the turbine, the sup-.

1y of exhaust steam decreases to such an extent that it is no .longer sufiicient' for the duty ofv the turbine, the pressure of the ,inconiing' exhaust steam falls, the piston 20 is relieved'of loadand is"thereupon *moved Iddwnwardly hy, the spriiig 211j-until equilibrium isagain/established between the spring pressure above and the steam pres- I sure.belowL L Immediate'ly the piston spin- .dle 2O strikes, against the spindl'e'of' the i 1 regu'lating'valve, 10+1 1 this'valve, on the i I'further, ,dowm'vard movement" of the piston 20,;willhe forced downward with consid-, 1 lerablellforee; that j to say will be closed more and more; At [the same time the end -of.;tl-1felever ,1; will be [forced "downwardly 'da'the? levereansedtof 'ock about tliepoint i rea which, with alf on i a t, lo on the fall;

' its lowest position '1 It is easy 'tolprove and is therefore quite ,il'idependentfof .Lthe' gine producing a constant-number of revolut'ionsf'of the regulator C, constitutes a fixed point, This movement causes the high pressure valve to be opened in an extent that gradually increases in proportion as the crosssectional areas of passage in the .IlOW pressure valve become reduced: It is obviously assumed here that the spring 21 "ji's able to overcome the power of the spring 17 and that on the other hand the speed regulator C is .sufiiciently powerful to take up the back thrust of' the valve gear. i The downward-movement of the piston 20 continnes until the Withdrawal of exhaust steam is caused to correspond by throttling to the supply of steam from the primary 7 engines so that the pressure canno longer If for example the supply of exhaust stea'm ceases entirely the pressure falls' until the valve 1011 is closed, that isto say until the lever l hasbeen rocked on'thewpivot 4;"

into the position 5., 6.. -The highpressure part of -'ther-turbineorthe high pressure steam alone has now accordingly-taken over the momentarywork of the whole 'turbine,' p without any mOVementofthe position of the speed regulator being necessary,' f-The'; load has therefore been transferred, at a jper f feetly constant number; of 1 revolutions, from the low pressure turbine part to the high gg pressure turbine part. I11 vthe position, 5 or many other desired positionof theend' b of the lever Lbetween' 5 and 5. ,'the lever end 6 in contra'distin'c'tion to the previously deseribed case and iv1th a change of load wliichj is connected with ,a change: in; the n'imber oflrevolutions, constitutes a pointof oscillation for the lever, so that now so'long as the pressure ofnthe low pres sure steam remains constant when the speedregulator is moved it is the movement of thehigh pressure valve only which is controlled, during which time that of the low 1 pressurevalve.remains consta1'1t;" in the final. no

position o oflthe low pressure valved-eds; and. levers in particular the transitio i fof the load on the turbine-fr'oin zero to 'fullfi loadfagain corresponds to the movement of; i the regulator from its highestpositioniliEto thatgthe position of'jthe regulator is only dependent upon'the load on the turbine in every intermediate positioi' "f'the piston 20 pressure a of i the exhaust steam.

y The remaining"figures of the draiviii s illustrate, by way d ffexaniplephow theahoiie;

de cribed conditio'ns.lca11 be fulfilledby the M use of a servo-niotonj p p v I '.1-n the arrangement shown in Fig."2,"j'i111 which the speed regula'tor C does not act directly upon the valve-f mechanism hut- V through theagency of a "sori o lnotor, irliile y the pressure"regulator;as in lf 'igj 1," arts filirectlvon the valve mechanism, the reg connecting said levers upon the controllingvalve 24 of the servo-motor, which bymeans of: the pi es 25, 26 and 27 28 communicateswith t eiservo-motor cylinder- 29.

The piston 30 of the servo-motor, acts ,throu 'htheconnectin rod 31, lever 1 inter-me 'ately pivoted t ereto,rod' 6, andle vers 7 and 13 upon the .low pressure regu 'lating valve A, or by means of rod 18 and Y levers 14 and 19. upon the high pressure yalve B and the regulation is accomplished in a manner exactly 'similarto that shown 1. After the controlling valve 24 has been moved over to an extreme position by the movement of the piston :of the servomotor it will be brought backagain into its central position by the lever 22, in the usual Way- -As shown'in Fig. 3 both the pressure regulator as .well as the speed regulator may be arranged to act upon the valve mechanism by means o f'servo-motors. In this case the valve mechanism is. influenced by the speed regulator in amanner exactly similar to that shown in Fig.2., The pressure regulating piston 20 is, in comparison to the former constructional example, still only a receiver, but transmits its movement through the rod 32 attached to the piston and lever 35 to the-controlling valve 36, through which the servo-mater is .WOI'kECL; In this casealso the servo-motor piston 38 is not rigidly con-,

nected to the regulating rods and levers, but

leaves them completely free as long as the accumulator. pressure is sufii ciently high, whichin this case corresponds to-the lowest position'of the servo-motor piston 38. The

controllingvalve 36is not returned by the piston rod of'the servo-motor, but by a connecting rod 34attached to the levers 7 and 35. In this way the controlling valve 36 of the, pressure regulator is kept constantly in motion by the speed regulation deviceand the necessity of moving it back to its central position after each operation is thus avoided.

.As long as the accumulator pressure is sufiiciently high the controlling valve is moved upwardly out of its central position in every position of the speedregulator 'so' that the upper side'of the piston of the servo-motor piston 38 is underoil pressure and completely frees the piston rod 39. from the valve mechanism. If the pressure in the accumulator'ialls the controlling valve is gradually brought into its central position and only moved downwardly from the central position on a further fall in pressure so that the under side ofthe servo-motor piston 38 isthen under oil pressure and 1s thrust upwardly thereby. As however the return of tl controlling valve is notdirectly effected by jthe servo-motor, the underside of the piston of'the servo-motor remains under oil pressuren gtil the rod 39istrikes against wardly and therebyfirstly acts upon t e= valve mechanism in the manner described and secondly moves the valve 36 into its central position. r .3

In the constructional form shown in Fig. 4 the regulator lever. 1 is again connected to the speed regulator C at the point 4 through the rod 5 and lever 3, but the controlling valves 36, 24 for the servo- motors 37, 29 of the low pressure valve A andthe high pressure. valve B respectively are attached directly to opposite ends of the lever 1 by rods 23 and 33. In this construction the casings 40, 41 of the controlling valves are themselves movable and are connected to the piston rods 43 and 43 of.the servo- motor cylinders 37 and 29 by levers 42 and 44 respectively; By means of a blade spring 46 or some othersuitable spring or weight adapted to press the end I) of the leverl downwardly-toward its lowest position the lower end of the servo-motor cylinder 29 is normallyunder oil pressure and the piston of the servo-motor is accordingly in its highestposition, that isto say the high pressure regulating valve B is in its closed position. T he end I) of the lever 1 at such times thereforeconstitutes the point of oscillation of the lever-1 and the movement of the speed regulator is transmitted to the low pressure valve A in the following manner: hen the sleeve of the speed regulator moves up wardly the controlling valve 36 will first be moved downwardly, so that by means of the flexible connecting pipes 47-48 and 4950 respectively, the underside of the servomotor cylinder 37 will be put into communication with oil under pressure and the upper side withthe exhaust pipe. The piston, 38

of the servo-motor cylinder 37 will therefore be forced upwardly as will also the connecting rod6 pivoted to the lever 77 of the low pressure valve 10-1 1, so that said valve will be moved toward its closing position and, by means ofthe lever 42, the casing 40 of the controlling valve will be drawn downward, the result of which will be the cutting off of the oil passages and therefore the re turn of the valve gear. The piston 18" which is located in a pressure regulating cylinder 51 isloaded by the pressure of the spring 19 on the one side and on the other side is'in communication with the accumulator pressure by the branch 52. So long as the accumulator pressure is above a certain amount, the piston 18 being raised, its rod 45 remains off the end b of the rod 23,.and thus thecontrolling valve 36 is only subjected to the action of the governor C.

through the levers 3, 5 and 1. But when the accumulator pressure falls, the rod 45 sinks down until it comes into contact 'with the end b of the rod The controlling valve,

pivotal attachment to the rods-connecting them to-the levers 42 and 44 respectively.

In the constructional form shown in. Fig.

I there are mountedupon rods 55 and 54 of the low pressure regulating. valve A and the hlgh pressure regulating a valve B, respecti-Vely, pistons 38*.and 30",- Which are sub-' jecteol to the action of springs 55, 56; Above the pistons oil under a definite pressure is I admitted through branches 57, 58 and the and 14: attached to the respective cocks 63 Valve 13 thereby closed. :The lever end Z) .i regulating apparatus 51 is providedythe construction of'wvhich can be readily understood .fronrthe previous descriptionWithout 'fur supply is regulated by=therigidlyadjusted throttling cocks 59 and- 60 and the exhaust by means of throttling cocks 63 and 6 1 re'- spectively "ivorked by the speed regulator C and the members 3,5, 1, 6, 18 and levers 7" and 64s. The end I) of the lever 1 is con-f stantly' pressed downwardly by a spring 17 a and the cook 64; thereby closed, so that the exit of the oilunder pressure is prevented and the piston 5 0 isforced downwardly by the pressure of the oil and the high pressure therefore forms the point of oscillation for the lever 1 and the speed regulatoracts only upon the low .pressureregulating valve in such wise that when for example the number of revolutions drops the cock 63 is opened to 'a greater extent, whereby the pressure ofthe oil above the piston 38* decreases and the valve A is opened to a greater extent by the spring 55. In addition to this av pressure thcr explan'ation. 52 is the branch for connection to the source of-the exhaust steam andit Will be'se'e'ntliat on the decrease of the accumulator pressure the coclr 63' and thereby;v the low pressure valve A is closed --morejand more and on the other hand the cook 64 and thereby thehigh pressure valve .B will be'opened to a greater extent. This arrangement therefore again insuresthat lesse'xl'iaust steam and more -llVG steam Wlll beusedi I i-g 6 is a diagram illustrating the Way in which the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 can bemodified to operate three or'inoi'e valves. The actuating levers 7 and 75101 the re spectivelow pressure-valve A and the intermediate pressure valve D are connected by rods 6 and- 7 6-to a rocking lever 65, the pivotal point 66 of which issuspended by lthe pivotal point at of this; lever is attached by 1 means of the rod- 5 sea :lever 3 to the speed mally closed,

that the end d of theilever 65-yvillibecoh1e;

and neversimultaneously, ands ,ressure use tween:

regulator C,,ivhile at the end-650i lever l the actuating lever'14ofi the high pressureyelzve B is connectedhy. a rod "18 to theme-e1.

The high pressure valve is pressed, against its seat by the s jpring 17? so that itis' norw-m he. pistons 20" andujfifllof the valves Aland D are l'oaded on the one hand by. springs 55? and 69nan'don the other i hand are subjected toE the-steam' pressure-M. of the corresponding-{stages throughflttherm branches 52 2.111170; If-ther'e is enough ex-x;

haust steam of the lowest pressure available and on the other. handlittle stearnnf? intermediate pressure the valves D I andv B will be closed by tl e springs 69 and '17' the pointofoscillation'andthe speed r gu'- I lator C vwill act only iuponthe-lowpress'ure l e A. It then the pressure of the inten, mediate steam pressure; rises the val-ve D will be slightly'openedyvhereas the valve-A will be slightly-closed It" is. assumed'here also that the speed regulatmr {I is in a position to take up the backthrus-tarisingfrom these "spring forces, which can. be 1 attained at all times bythe interposition of servomotors. -ln' thismanner moreiintermediate pressure steam will be Withdraw 'nthe nev r position, which corresponds p'letely to the requirements for when enoughFi-n diate pressure steam is 'avail'able; from engine it is more suitable to theupurpose v utilize this intermediate pressure steam and v to let the "low' pressure steam goz ilt ';can easily be deduced from whathas been; ere; inbefore stated that on. the interri ption the supply of low pressure-steam;the'f'endi d of the lever 65 becomes-the point; er s -11,

lation of saidleverand when thespeed regulator is'inoved iton'ly controls theinte'rme diate pressure valve D. H both ithe source of interiii'ediate press'urflstearii and g'the source" of'low pressuresteam fail, -eitheri wholly or partially, the poWerof-the spring lf nill be overcome by tl egcohibined"action of the powersof. the springs 55* and 69".,andl" val ve B will be correspondiiigly opened Claims: v a 3;: I I 1. Aregulating apparat v comprisinga high pressure-inductionvalve by this ni'eans'the high pressh'1fe;regulatiiigg=;

' 1* eng nes,

and a low pressureinductionfvalvdra speed regulator acting on said valves-separately regulator acting, directlygon *oiilyi o ,e Yalve. 2. Afi regulating apparatus for engines; comprisinga high pressure induction valve and a; low pressure induction valve, a speed regulatorconnected to both valves'forg operating either independently, a pressure' r 3 latoroperatedby low pressure exhauststeania- I for automatically opening and closing: one

or both of said valves, the movements; de-v. pending on the changeofloadand change of pressure of exhauststeam and'auxiliary .1 3 p giro apparatus'controlled by said speed and pressure regulators for varying the volume of steam passing through saidvalves- '3."A -regulating apparatus for engines,

comprising a high pressure induction valve and a low pressure induction valve, a speed regulator connected to both valves, :1 pres-' sure regulator acting on only one valve, and a connection between both valves for moving the other valve when the former valve is i moved by the pressure regulator.

4, A regulating apparatus for engines,

comprising a high pressure induction valve and a low pressure induction valve, a pres sure regulator acting onenly one valve, and i a speed regulator acting either on the low pressure or on the high pressure alve independently, according to the position of the pressure regulator.

5. A regulating apparatus for'engines,

, comprisinga high pressure induction valve,

and a low pressure induction valve, a speed.

regulator connected to said valves but never operating both valves simultaneously, a pressure regulatorvacting directly on the low pressure valve, and means .for interrupting the action of the pressure 'regulatoron the low pressure valve so long as the pressure of the low pressure steam suflicient.

6. A regulating apparatus for engines,

comprising ahigh pressure induction valve and a low pressure induction valve, a speed and never simultaneously, a pressure regulator acting d rectl only on the low; ressure valve, means or interrupting sai acregulator acting on said valves separately tion when the pressure of the low pressure,

yalve is not operated by the pressure reguator.

7. A regulating apparatus for; engines, comprising a high pressure induction valve and a low pressure induction valve, aspeed regulator connected to said valves but never steam is sufficient, and means for closing the high pressure valve when the low pressure operating; both valves simultaneously, a

. steam is sulhcient, and means for closing the high pressure valve when said action ceases.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses. u

I 1 WERNER OTT.

- Witnesses: i

SAMUEL KLOTSCHKO, AUGUST F'ueonn. I

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