US1058407A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

APH N'I'ICIN FILL@ MAR. i. 1008 Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l,

Mg C/ Nfl W. J. CANDLISH.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.6.1908.

4 SHEETEN f Y? Ik venan W'Zam JMU/kyk W. J. CMIDLI'S,

UARTURETRR.

APPLIGA'HQN Hmm MAR. u

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

'K4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W. J. GANDLISH.

GARBURETER. APPLIUATION FILED 1/1AR.|3,1909` Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

4 SHEETS-*SHBET 4.

` known as gas tion.

WILLIAM J. cANDLIsH, oF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

'Patentednpn 8, 1913.

Application filed'march 6, 1908. Serial Nc. 419,497.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM J. CANDLISH, a citizen of the Unit/edV States, and resident of Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, have invented a certain new and Improved Carbureter, of which the following is a specifica- AMy 'invention relates to improved means for carbureting air and forming an explosive mixture for hydro-carbon explosion and internal combustion engines, commonly or' gasolene engines.v The quantity of explosive mixture required by such an engine varies with the speed of the cngine-l and to accomplish the best-results the mixture must be the same throughout the entire range of speed variation. I n .the case 'f of the carbuieteis 'that are nowin general use, an air pipe or duct is connected to the intake port or ports of the engine and, by means differing slightly in different devices, a small jet or spray of gasolene isinjected into the passage at the moment that air is drawn through it .by the down or suction Stroke of the engine piston@ Except in car- Y bureters which have automatic auxiliary air inlet valves, which allow the freer entrance of'air as the engine speed increases; and to a -great extent, even in such, the proportions of liquid and airare changed by'every speed variation, so'tliat the engine yields its maximum efficiency at only one Speed; 'that for which Athe carbureter is adjusted. The rea? son for tliis'is that the liquid is less responsive to vacuum variations in the admission or mixture duct than is the ain-.Otherobjections to the carbureters of th'e present day are incident to the use of various valves and adjusting devices which often fail to work as intended.

The primary object of' provide a carbureter to for gas engines which shall reliably and automatically supof unvarying qually a constant mixture, ity, at all times, notwithstanding sudden and marked changes of engine speed.

Another object of the in'.'ention is to diS-- pense with or avoid the use ottheseveral movable and adjustable parts and valves now so commonly met with in the make up of carbureters, and the disorder of any one of which, prevents the proper' working of the engine. i

Still further objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

My invention consists, generally, in a contherein Ations of the carbureter- "resist orA appear in my invention isl tainer or chamber wherein the mixture is made, in combination' wit-hmeans for maintaining a substantially constant body of liquid in said chamber, an air duct or ducts for directing many small streams vof'air into the bodymf liquid to be carburetedthereby,

and an outlet chamber or duct communicating Wit-li the containerfor carrying away the carbureted air or mixture.

The invention. also consists in various novel constructions, arrangements and comqi binations of parts all as hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

' My invention will be more -readily understood by. reference tothe accompanying Adrawings forming a part of this specification 4and in which;

Figure 'l is a side elevation of a carbureter embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section of the carburetr shown in Fig` l. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section 4on the line of Fig. 2; Figs.' 4 and 5 are plan and edge views of mechanical 'ixers or disks of a modified form; Eigs. 6 and 7 illustrate still another form of the mixers, and Fig. 8 illustrates a modified n form of the carbureter.

-As shown in the drawings, my carbureter in its preferred form comprises four prin' cipal portions, namely, the main chamber, A, in which the air is charged with hydrocarbon vapor; the mechanical mixer, B, preferably located in the main chamber, an out; let chamber, C, and means, hydrocarbon liquid such manner as 'to These principal., features `r 'porall'of the forms in whic .my invention may be 'mostadvantageouslyfembodied, of which only two are shown hereii My carbureter is pa-rticillA furnishing explosive, mixture to gasolene enfinesand while' the ,carbureteijis adapted to the main chamber, in. maintain. the Liquid level l D, for feeding 'Y .-fiiesigned for oriiiselwith various` readily-vaporizable hydrocarbon liquids, including alcohol, `,its chief use at'the4 present tiliiejis in connection with gasolene engine'sfamd'in describing the carbureter, suchv use will :be chiefly referred to. Thechamber, A,jas herein shown contains Vaj'body i with aiiair admission duct or ducts which communicate with the-interior of the 'chamber through agreat" numberroismall openf.

ings or ducts, in which the main sieam -01E of gasole'ne arid is provided airis'lbrolcen up or subdivided into manysmall streams. These small streams of air rise or bubble upward through the bodyof liquid and the air in passing through the liquid is saturated with gasolene. An advantage, which is at once evident; is that as the air will take up only a given uantit-y of the liquid and becomes saturated at-the instant of contact with the liquid, the degree of saturation is butslight-ly, ifl at all, altered by variations in the velocity of the air, duev to changes in the speed of the engine. Therefore my carbureter works with substantially vconstant effectiveness at all speeds of the engine to which it is attached. At; times when the engine is operating at high speeds andthe velocity of the air which forces its way through the liquid is great, in proportion to thefbody of liquid, the liquid isl mixer and is,connected withjthe inlet port or ports of the engine. Various devices may be employed for maintaining .the body'of liquid in the main chamber, but Aas one of the objects of myinvention is to avoid the employment of moving parts and valves, I prefer to use for the purpose, a' simple pipe, D, which opens near the bottoni of the main chamber. Thispipe is connected with an air tight reservoir arranged above the carburete. Liquid will flow from the reservoir only when air is admitted to the reservoir through the pipe, D, vhence liquidwill be added to the bodyof liquid -inthe carbureter, only when the' level'of the latter falls below the end of the pipe, D. As soon as the liquid rises above the open end of the pipe further entrance of air thereto is obstructed and the flow ceases.` The liquid feeding device thus provided is entirely automatic in its action and through its employment, I am able to dispensewiththe usual float and fioat valve, the disadvantages of which are well known.

Having now described in a general way the nature and operation of my carbureter, reference will be made to the details of that form thereof shown in Figs. 1 to 7. As therein shown', l, represents the main wall of the mixing chamber. The'upper portion,

^ 1', of the chamber is cylindrical; the lower porti0n,.l is preferably globular or spherical in form and contains an opening, 1', at

the bottom. This opening is partially provides the large number of small perforations; or ducts, hitherto referred to. The

main chamber is inclosed by a cup, 3, the

bottom of. which is preferably hemispherical in form.' 'Ihe cup extends well -up upon the vsides of the main chamber and the different diameters of the two parts provide an annular duct, 4. The top of the cup is closed by an insect or dust excluding screen, 5, but

,closed by a screen or gauze netting, 2, which otherwise is open to atmosphere. The area bayonetslots, 7, in the cup. -Upon loosening the screws and slightly turning the cup, the latter may be readily detached from the remainder of the carbureter. lVhen so detached it serves as a temporary container for gasolene. -The Ascreen'remains'on the body ofthe -carbureter at such times, being supported bythe brackets, 5', thereon; its loss is thus prevented. The'- parts thus far deasy scribed constitute t-he main chamber herein-` f before alluded to. The outlet chamber, C, Yis contained within the casing, 8, and has a -floor, 9, which contains the opening 10. An

out-let duct,l11, contains a throttle valve, 12, the operation offwhich by means of the lever or arm, 13, is well understood. 'A duct, 14, is formed in' the casing, 8, diametrieally opposite the duct, 11, and is closed by a valve vor leaf, 15, hinged at 16. A light spring,

17, serves to hold the valve against the seat, 14', formed by finishing the end of the portion, 14. The valve is provided with an eye, 1,5', to which an operating rod, 15, may be connected, as shown in F ig.q l. The lower part of the casing is provided with a shouldered extension, 8 upon which the body part, 1, is secured by threads or other convenient means, as indicated'in Fig. 2. The upper part, 8,'of thecarburcten is connected with the admission or intake pipe of the engine (not shown) in the usual way, the outlet' duct, 11, being provided with usual threads, 1 1', forthe purpose. It will be noted that the floor, 9, is inclined toward thc valve, 15, and that the part thereof adjacent to the-duct, 11, is raised to form the inclined shoulder or deflector, 9. The opening, 10, contains the gauze or screen, 10. The upper portion of the casing, 8,1contains a cen-` tral boss, 8", which is threaded to receive the pipe, 18, which is the principal member of the liquid feeding device, D. The pipe vis adjustable inthe boss, 8, and after being adjusted is secured by the lock nut, 19. 20 represents the liquid pipe joined to the pipe, 18, by-a union connection, 21, and arranged to conduct liquid from the air tightreservoir or tank, 22, (see Fig. 1). The pipe de- 4scends into the chamber, A, and is concent-ic therewith. Itsv lower lend is open and preferably extends slightly below the center of the spherical portionof the liquid cham-- ber. v.As before stated the up-draft of air throu'vh the liquid violently agitates the lat ter an to preserve a quiet zone atj the lower e'nd'of thefeed pipe, 18, I preferably equip thes'ame with a h'oll'ow,ball on sphere, 23,

having a plurality of slots, 24,',inlits upper part and closed inthe lower part, e`` t for a small opening, 25. tionofthe body, 1, contains a plurality of gauze screens, A26, and a plurality of perforated disks or detlectors, 27. The lowerdisk rests upon a shoulder, l, formed on -the part, l, and the disks are provided with del `may be `of v ions forms.

The bent down port1ons,-.27",

pending flanges, 27', so that one rests upon `Athe other. The disk or gauze, 26, at `the 20 v shoulder, 8,' 0* the casing, 8.A The disks, 2l,

`vided between the lower and the upper parts of the main chamber. l In lieu of the disks, 27, shown in Figs. 2 and 3, I may employ a plurality of disks'containing a large number 'Whatever the form ofthe disksnrthe- 'sum'of ,of round holes, 28, as shown in Figs. l and 5; or such as contain curved slo'ts and'deflectors, 29, as illustrated in Figs. (Sand 7.

- the areas of the opening'stherein approxi'- mates Vand preferably exceeds the area of the opening at the lower end of the chamber.

las

The operation vof the carburetor shown in Figsl to 7 is'as follows: The carbureter is connected with the intake duct and port of the engine. The admission 'valve of the engine opens at the mpmen-t that the piston starts its down stroke and the latter operatthrough the screen,V

body of gasolene in .the mixing chamber. The bubbles V.of air are thoroughly' carbu-- ing in the cylinder creates a vacfuum in the duct and hence in thc carburetor connected therewith` This causes air t o pass down `throughthe annular duct, 4, of the carbureter. YVhen the engine is not in opera'- Ation the whole lower pa-rt of thc carbureter fills with gasolene, as shown in Fig. 2, but at other times the pressure of the air. upon the liquid inthe duct, 4,-forcesthe liquid down and inwardly and th air passes up 2, divided into many small streams as it passes thrpugh the multiplicity of openings orducts and which streams findthcir Way upward through the retedlthrough 'contact .with the liquidjand the oarbureted air rises into the upper` part bureter.

of the carburetingohamber. .At this-point the streams of alrf encounter the'obstruc' tions offered by theseveral parts `c ithe mixer, B, and in passingr as mayliave' been elevatedthereby and have. not been vaporized and the process .of admixin the air'and vapor is completed. The Aparticesor globules'of liquid that arear- ,A rested by the disks and screens, 26 and-27,

fall back into the lower. ber, though a portionl of t ieliquid 1s doubtless taken up by the airnotalreadyfully artl of the cham-1 through the mixer the air isrobbed of suol portionsof l1qmdsaturated at the time it'reache's the mixer.` i

From the upper part of the chamber theexfplosive mixture passes through thescreen, 10', and'into the outlet chamber, lC, whence it is drawn off through the duetfll, by the suction of vthe engine as explained. `,-Thef' quant-ity of mixture admitted to the en ine is controlled by means of the throttle va Ve,

1 2. Inevent of a prematureor back .eX-' v plosion in"'the. admission duct-ofthe' engine, the ignited and expandinggases drive through the duct and force open'the ba ck relief valve, 15, thus finding` an immediate escape to 'the atmosphere. `The screen-0 1' gauze, A,10, prevents communication ofthe flame to the body'of 'gas in the lower part I of the carbureter and thisfactio'noftheA screen 1s assisted by the deflectoi', 9f ,which tends to divert the stream of flame into theupper part of the chamber, C,'fand away from the opening, 10. The iow of gas or.v

mixture from the carburetor may be interrupted at any timexby openingthe valve,'

15, and thusl admitting air drireotly to the chamber, C, and" short circuitingfthe carinders by.l admitting currents qf freshair This is o'f. use in clearing the eylthereto. The valve, 15, may 'also be em'- ployed for admit-ting a` small quantity of air at times when it is desired to lessen or dilutetbe richness of the mixture.,

ceecls rapidly duringvth'e operation` above` described and withina short spaceof time the level of the endpf the pipe,-.1S;v Immediately a'bu ble of air will start tlirpuglrtbrpipe to ard the closed reservoir anda drop of gasolcn'c.

'liquid falls belowthe lowerf will fall or flow from the pipe. Succeeding bubbles liberate further quantities of liquid and in this manner the liquidv level isfrestored, suchA actionf'being repeatgd automfats cally as longas any liquid remains inthe tank or reservoir.

shown, contains la' liquid and the level thereinisfat all -timcs thesame as the meanflvel 'inthe surroundingschamber. The advantage of the`vl closure is that the liquidl directly-at the mouthof the pipeis I {ept'substa'ntially quiescent and'` this results 1n the more uniform feeding ofl The small :inclosure or globev at the lower. end of the liquid pipe, as` sinull quant-ity of Athe n AAthe liquid, than would be -the case if the "`closure was not used. The pipe, .D, being threaded in the part, 8 is vertically adjustable and by raising or lowering it, the depth of the body-.of liquid in the carbureter may be variedat will. It will be noted that the sloppinfi or lateral agitation 'of the body 'of l1qu1 in-the carbureter'is vminimized by 2-.tl1e spherical form of the latter and further by the cone, 2, which breaks up'and prelvents the swaying of the liquid inthe chamber. VWhen vonly a. small volume of air is passing through the carbureter, the liquid.

will fnot be wholly displaced from the air inlet duct, 4, but when the engine is operating at high-speed and the throttle is fully open, the body-of liquid is driven upward overcliarging of the Aair is thus nevented.

-In Fig; 8'of the drawings, have illustrated my invention in modified form. My purpose 1n sodoing, being to show that the invention is not limited to-a precise or 'spe- ""cific construction or assemblage'of parts.

In Fig. 8 the liquid chamber, '30, is supplied-with liquidfrom a pipe, 31, which leads into a pocket or bell, 32, within the chamber,'30. Air, enters the pipe, 31, and

flows thence to the airtight tank, 33, in the back firing ofthe mixture within the car-V .same'manner as before described and -the liquid ceases to flow from pipe, 31, as soon asthe level of liquid in thecont-ainer rises above the open endof the pipe. The an' is admitted to the chamber, 30, through the intakepi'pe or duct, 34,and passing to the bottom of the. chamber, flows upwardly througlrthe perforated false bottom, 35, therein. The carburetcd air'on rising intb the upper part of the chamber encounters the screen, 36, andI above this are the oppositely rotating blades, 37 and 3S. These are journaled on the upright shaft, 39, and being propelled by the upward moving currents rotate at high speed." The liquid laden air upon striking the blades is furtherv brokenv up and 'rendered homogeneous. Screens, 40 and 41, partially close t-he upper end of the carbureter fulfilling the otlices of mixing devices and also preventing the bureter. Y

As vvarious modifications of my invention will readily suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, I do not'confine the invention to the specific structures herein shown and described.

Having thus "described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patenti 1. Acarbureter comprising a carbureting chamber wherein the mixture is made, in combination with means fo'r supplying the carbureting liquid to the chamber, an air duct for directing many s mall streams of air into the body of the liquid in the chamber to be carbureted thereby, an outlet duct or chamber to receive the mixture from the carbureting chamber, an linclined floor, containing an openinv, interposed between said carbureting cham er and outlet duct and forming-a delectingv shoulder adjacent the outlet duct, and al perforated screen arranged in theopening thereof, as and for the purposespecified.

2. A carbureter 'comprising a 'carbureting chamber, in combination with means for supplying the carbureting liquid. to the chamber, an air duct above said chamber for admitting air thereto to be carbureted by passage through the liquid therein, a mixer in the upper portion of said chamberv and an Youtlet chamber or duct to receive the mixture from said mixer, an open floor or ledge inclined in the manner to make the highest portion adjacent the outlet duct, toform therewith a combined battle for intercept-ing supplying carbureting liquid to the chamber, a plurality of air ducts in said liquid chamber for directing many streams of air into.-

chamber to receive the mixture from the carbureting chamber and a relief valve 1n said the body of liquid therein, an outlet duct or outletA chamber or duct being adapted for,

use as an auxiliary air valve, substantially as described.

4. A carbureter comprising a carbureting chamber, in combination with means for supplyingliquid thereto, means for directing streams of air into said body of liquid to be carbureted thereby, an outlet duct or chamber to receive the mixture from the carbureting chamber, aplurality of mixing 'elements having Ascreen Avmembers alternately interposed for preventing the passage of liquid therethrough, a screen or gauze interposed between said chamber and Said outlet,

Aand a relief valfe in said outlet duct or chamber, said relief valve being operable as an auxiliary air valve, substantially as described.

'5. A carbureter comprising a carbureting chamber, in combination with means for supplying liquid thereto,.means for directing a plurality of streams of air into said body of liquid, an outlet duct or chamber to receive themixture from said carbureting chamber, and an'obstruction or mixer inter-4 osedbetween said chambers, a relief valve 1n the outlet duct or chamber operable also as an auxiliary air valve, substantially as described.

6. A carbureter comprising a earbureting chamber having a perforated bottom and an air duct communicating therewith, the lower part of said chamber being spherical, in combination with a liquid supply'pipe concentric with said chamber and open at its- .lower end, an outlet duct leading from the and having a perforated bottom, 4and an air intake duct disposed concentrically outside of said spherical part and communicating with said perforated bottom to prevent lateral agitation of the liquid, in combination with a li uid su ply pipe concentric with said cham er an open at its lower end, an outlet duct leading from the upper part of said chamber and a mixer interposed between said chamber and outlet duct, substantially as described.

8.' A carbureter comprising a carbureting chamber having a perforated bottom, and a cup o en at the top but inclosing the bottom of said chamber, forming therewith an air duct communicating therewith, a liquid supply pipe arranged in said chamber and open at' its lower end,a plurality of perforated members and mixing elements arranged in the upper part of said chamber and constituting a mixer, and an outlet duct or cham' ber communicating with the upper part of the mixing chamber, substantially as described.

9. A carbureter comprising a earbureting chamber having a perforated bottom and provided with an air duct communicating therewith, in combination with a liquid supply pipe connected with said chamber, a horizontal outlet duct at the top of said carbureting chamber, a relief valve therein, said duct having a ioor inclined toward said valve and containing an opening for communication between said chamber and duct and gauze in said opening, as and for the purpose specied.

10. A carbureter comprising, in combination, a carbureting chamber adapted to contain a body of liquid, means for directing a plurality of streams of air into the body of liquid, an outlet duct leading from the top of said chamber, a liquid supply pipe arranged in said chamber and open at its lower end and a perforated closure inclosing the end of the pipe, substantially as and for the purpose specified. Y

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, this 4th day of March, 1908, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM J. CANDLISH.

Witnesses:

A. W. NELSON,

JOHN R. LEFEVRE.

Images