US796712A - Carbureter for hydrocarbon-engines. - Google Patents

Description

No. 796,712. PATENTED AUG. 8, 1905. D. FERGUSSON & C. L. SHEPPY. OARBURETBR FOR HYDROGARBON ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2. 1904.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID FERGUSSON AND CHARLES L. SHEPPY, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK ASSIGNORS TO THE GEORGE N. PIERCE COMPANY, OF BUFFALO, NEVl YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 8, 1905.

Application filed May 2, 1904. Serial No. 205,937.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, DAVID FERGUSSON, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and CHARLES L. SHEPPY, a citizen of the United States, both residents of Buflalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters for Hydrocarbon-Engines, of which the following is a Specification.

This invention relates to carburetors for explosive-gas engines or motors in which the gasolene or other suitable liquid hydrocarbon is'drawn or sucked from a spray-nozzle and mixed with the air or gas by an induced current of air or gas past the spray-nozzle caused by the suction-strokes of the motor with which the carbureter is connected. hen the speed of the motor connected to a carbureter of this type increases, unless the suction-passage is cut off by the automatic governor or valve it.

will produce a greater vacuum or suction in the carbureter and will draw a surplus of the liquid hydrocarbon from the spray-nozzle, thus producing too rich an explosive mixture unless the air-supply is increased proportionately with the speed of the motor. The volume of the explosive mixture should be increased as the speed of the motor increases; but the mixture should be of a substantially constant quality or richness.

The object of this invention is to provide a carbureter of simple, eflicient, and desirable construction in which a supplemental air-supply valve is automatically controlled by the velocity of the air to the engine to vary the supply of air and the volume of the explosive mixture as the speed of the engine varies and maintain at all times a practically constant explosive mixture.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a carbureter embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section, partly in plan thereof, in line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional elevation thereof, showing a different position of the controlling-valve for the supplemental air-supply. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of a slightly-modified construction.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several figures.

A represents a sup ply-reservoir for the gasolene or other liquid hydrocarbon, which is maintained ataconstant level in the reservoir by a valve B, which controls the supply-pipe C of the reservoir and is operated by a float D in the reservoir. The reservoir is supplied from an elevated tank (not shown) or other source of supply under pressure. Any known or suitable form of valve, float, and connections may be employed. In the construction shown a ball-valve?) is seated upwardly in the contracted throat of the supply-passage by a spring 6, held beneath the valve in a hollow screw-plug b screwed into a threaded portion of the supply-pipe. By adjusting the plug the tension of the spring can be regulated to properly seat the valve. The float D is provided with a depending stem d, which strikes and unseats the valve to admit gasolene to the reservoir whenever the level of the same in the reservoir falls below a predetermined height. When the gasolene regains the desired level, the float is lifted and the valve reseated by its spring. The supply-pipe shown is provided with a strainer e for the gasolene, surrounding a hollow perforated cap 6, which is screwed into an enlarged chamber 6 of the supply-pipe. The gasolene passes through the strainer and perforations of the screw-cap into and through the latter.

F represents a carbureter-casing which is preferably of hollow cylindrical form and is provided at or near its lower end with an air-supply passage f, connecting, preferably, With an air-supply pipe, through which air heated by the engine-exhaust or other means may be supplied to the carbureter. At or near its upper end the casing is connected by a discharge-passage f with the inlet port or passage of an explosive-gas engine or motor. The carbureter is more particularly designed for use with a multiple cylinder engine, and the discharge-passage is connected with the inlet ports or passages for the several cylinders.

Gr represents spray-nozzle, which extends up centrally into the lower portion of the carbureter-casing and is connected by a passage g with the reservoir A. The height of the spray-nozzle is such that the gasolene or other liquid hydrocarbon will stand therein nearly to its top when the motor is not running, but will not overflow.

H is a hand-operated needle-valve which is screwed into the spray-nozzle and controls its discharge-orifice. By adjusting the valve the discharge of gasolene or other hydrocarbon can be regulated asrequired. After this valve is properly set it is not disturbed.

Within the carburetor casing and surrounding the spray-nozzle is an annular partition or shell I, which forms an annular airpassage 2' around the spray-nozzle. In the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3 the partition has a conical lower portion 7;, provided with main air-supply openings 11:, connecting the annular air-passage 'i with the air-supply passage f, a contracted waist or central portion 70 which surrounds the upper end of the spray-nozzle, and an enlarged cylindrical upper portion 70 provided with supplemental air-supply openings in, which connect the upper portion of the annular air-passage and the air-supply passage. The upper end of the partition or shell is provided with a flange 70 which joins the wall of the carburetercasing and prevents the passage of air from the supply-passage to the discharge-passage except through the annular passage 2' and the supplemental air-supply openings Z6 when the latter are opened, as will be explained. The partition thus divides the carburetereasing into a lower or inlet chamber and an upper or mixing chamber 70.

L represents an automatic valve which controls the admission of air through the supplemental air-supply openings. In the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3 this valve is of hollow cylindrical form and slides vertically in the upper cylindrical portion of the partition or shell. The lower portion of the body of the valve is imperforate, so that when in its lower or normal position (shown in Fig. 1) it will completely cover and close the supplemental air-openings 71;. The upper portion of the cylindrical body and the top of the Valve are provided with numerous perforations Z.

The supplemental air-valve is preferably provided with a stem m, which" passes up through the mixing-chamber and has a piston m attached to its upper end and working in a daslrpotm A spring N is arranged above the piston between the same and an adjusting-screw 12., working in a hole in the top of the dash-pot, by which the spring can be adjusted to give any desired pressure to resist the lifting of the valve. The dash-pot prevents a sudden jerky movement of the supplemental air-valve, for the air in the dash-pot has to escape from one side to the other of the piston or is compressed on one side and rarefied on the other side thereof, resulting in a gradual easy movement of the piston and valve to which it is connected.

The operation of the carbureter is as follows: When the motor is making its suctionstroke, air is drawn through the supply-passagef, main air-supply openings 7c, and up through the contracted annular air-passage 2' past the spray-nozzle at a great velocity, so

as to draw the gasolene or other liquid hydrocarbon from the spray-nozzle and atomize or vaporize the same. The gasolene and air passing through the perforations of the airvalve L on their way to the discharge-passage and motor are intimately mixed and the air is thoroughly carbureted. When the motor is starting and running slowly, the supplemental air-valve is seated and the air can only pass through the main air-supply openings is in the lower end of the partition or shell; but when the motor is running at high speeds the suction is increased to an extent suflicient to lift the supplemental air -valve L, and additional air from the'supply-passage f is drawn in through the supplemental air-supply openings k". As the speed of the motor increases the supplemental air-valve is lifted still higher to further uncover the supplemental air-openings, as shown in Fig. 3, and admit more air, thus preventing a surplus of gaso+ lene being drawn from the spray nozzle and giving too rich a mixture. The supplemental air-supply openings are preferably V-shaped or tapered, as shown, to enable a more perfect regulation of the mixture and prevent a too profuse supply of pure air when the valve is first lifted, while at the same time affording a sufficient supply of air at the maximum speed of the motor. The air is taken through both the. main and supplemental air-openingsfrom the air-supply passage, and as the air in the latter is ordinarily heated the gasolene is readily vaporized or gasified. rises and falls with the fluctuations in speed of the motor, and by properly proportioning the supply-passage the carbureter is entirely automatic, giving a correct mixture whatever the speed or power of the motor.

While the carbureter above described is deemed preferable, its construction can be varied more or less and produce an eflicient desirable device. For instance, as shown in Fig. 4, the annular air-passage around the spray-nozzle is formed by a cylindrical partition or tube 0, supported by and projectingthrough a horizontal portion 0 in the carbureter-casing, provided with supplemental The tubular parti air-supply openings 19. tion terminates above the bottom of the carbureter-casing to leave a space through which the main air-supply is taken, and the upper portion of the tubular partition above the horizontal partition is provided with tapering supplemental air-openings p. The supplemental air-valve Q is cup-shaped and surrounds the upper end of the tubular partition, having at its lower end a flange g, which controls the supplemental air-openings p p. The valve is perforated and is connected to a piston 9", working in a dash-pot r. Its action is similar to that of the supplemental airvalve already described. When it is lifted by the increased suction due to accelerated speed of the motor, the supplemental air-sup The valve ply passes through the supplemental air-openings p p to the discharge-passage.

We claim as our invention 1. In a carbureter, the combination of a casing having an air-supply passage and a discharge-passage, a nozzle projecting into the casing and connected with a supply of liquid fuel, a stationary partition Which surrounds said nozzle, divides said easing into an inlet and-a mixing chamber and forms a contracted air-passage around said nozzle, which passage is open at all times to the flow of air therethrough from the air-supply passage to the discharge-passage, said partition having above said nozzle one or more supplemental air-supply openings for the passage of air from said inlet-chamber to said mixing-chamher, and a valve normally above said nozzle which in its several positions permits the flow of air through said contracted air-passage and controls said supplemental air-openings and is automatically operated by the suction of the motor with which the carbureter is connected, substantially as set forth.

2. In a carbureter, the combination of a casing having an air-supply passage and a discharge-passage, a nozzle projecting into the casing and connected with a supply of liquid fuel, a stationary partition which surrounds said nozzle and forms a contracted air-passage around the nozzle which passage is open at all times to the flow of air from said airsupply passage to said discharge-passage, said partition. being constructed and arranged to provide a supplemental air-supply opening communicating with the air-supply passage, and a valve which is located normally between said nozzle and said discharge-passage and in its several positions permits the flow of air through said contracted air-passage and controls said supplemental air-supply opening and is automatically operated by the suction of the motor with which the carbureter is connected, substantially as set forth.

3. In a carbureter, the combination of a casing having an air-supply passage and a discharge-passage, a nozzle projecting into the casing and connected with a supply of liquid fuel, a stationary partition which surrounds said nozzle and forms a contracted air-passage around the nozzle which passage is open at all times to the flow of air from said airsupply passage to said discharge-passage, said partition being constructed and arranged to provide a supplemental air-supply opening communicating with the air-supply passage, and a perforated valve which crosses said casing between said nozzle and said dischargepassage and in its several positions permits the flow of air through said contracted airpassage and controls said supplemental airsupply opening and is automatically operated by the suction of the motor with which the carbureter is connected, substantially as set forth.

4:. In a carbureter, the combination of a casing having an air-supply passage and a discharge-passage, an upright nozzle projecting into the casing and connected with a supply of liquid fuel, a stationary circular open-ended partition surrounding said nozzle and forming a contracted air-passage around the nozzle, which passage communicates at all times at its opposite ends with said air-supply and discharge passages, said partition having supplemental air-inlet openings, and a perforated supplemental air-supply valve and air and gas mixer crossing said contracted air-passage above said nozzle and which normally closes said supplemental air-openings and the movements of which are controlled by the suction of the motor with which the carbureter is connected, substantially as set forth.

5. In a carbureter, the combination of a casing having an air-supply and a discharge passage, a nozzle projecting into the casing and connected with a supply of liquid fuel, a stationary partition surrounding said nozzle and forming a contracted air-passage around the same, which passage communicates at all times at its opposite ends with said air-supply and discharge passages, said partition having supplemental air openings, an automatic valve between said nozzle and discharge-pas sage which in its normal position permits the flow of air through said contracted air-passage and closes said supplemental air-openings and the movements of which are controlled by the suction of the motor with which the carbureter is connected, and a device forregulating the movements of said automatic Valve, substantially as set forth.

Witness our hands this 26th day of April, 1904.

DAVID FERGUSSON. CHARLES L. SHEPPY.

Witnesses:

C. M. BENTLEY, EDWARD (J. HARD.

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