US1057755A

US1057755A - Electrical resistance element.

Info

Publication number: US1057755A
Application number: US72319512A
Authority: US
Inventors: Albert L Marsh
Original assignee: Hoskins Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Hoskins Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 1912-09-30
Filing date: 1912-09-30
Publication date: 1913-04-01
Anticipated expiration: 1930-04-01

Description

ALBERT LJmrcsH, or DETROIT, memes- 1 COMPANY, or name-mutation I macmmuraes No Drawing.

.. w re are I To all whom it may concern."

Be it known; that I, ALBEIZT IMABsH,

a citizen of the United, States, residing." at. Detroit, in the county of. Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented a new anduse-f' ful Improvement in Electrical Resistance Elements, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an electricalrew sistance element adapted for general use, but more especially for use in heating appliances. For .this use, the first requirement is durability, and it is with the greatest difficulty that durability can bepredetermined,

although it can'readily be discovered byv actual test.

I have discovered by test that in general metals of the eighth oup, fourth series, of the elements as classified by Mendeljefi' in the periodic system of elements, (that is, iron, cobalt and nickel) when alloyed with silicon, give rise to materials having the property of great durability under the conditions of use.

In practice, I' prefer to use the metal nickel, alloyed with silicon in the proportion of about 5 per cent. of silicon. I have succeeded in rolling alloys running as high as 7 per cent. silicon with nickel, althoughthe alloy is so hard as to interfere somewhat with the facility of the operation. The art of rolling and drawing metals is advancing rapidly, however, and it is probable that higher percentages can be rolled in the future as the art develops.

Cobalt is generally interchangeable with nickel'for the purpose intended, as I have determined by long experience andtesting resistance elements of various. compositions.

The principal difference between the two consists in the fact that cobalt alloys work easier hot and nickel alloys work easier cold. Iron, when alloyed alone 'with silicon, in the proportions mentioned, or in fact in any proportions where the silicon shows its effects in increasing durability, is so brittle that I have not succeeded in rolling it but mixtures of iron with cobalt or nickel, or

with" silicon in thefpiroportlons named.- In fact, the difference. etween. the three met aleiren, cobalt and .nickiel-L-Whginfiaillbyed 1 with s l con; for the ,purposefintended, .li'e's' "principally in the ease -w1thwhi'chafresist 55.

ance element can be manufactured from them, and-not those properties inherent :in' the, alloy which. become important the use of'the element.

both ca be worked readily when alloyed' My preferred element, formed as above mentioned, has a resistivity of approxi mately 37 microhms per centimeter cube,

which is quite high-enough for convenient manufactureof translators, although not as high'as someelements available on the marketand,although I have not tested the resistivity of all the-mixtures possible 'ofthe several {metals specified, fit. is" highly probable that the mixtures'of themetals iron, nickel and cobalt, or some of them, when 1 alloyed with silicon in the percentages named, will givefl'still higher resistances. For instance, nickel" alloys in which the nickel is 30 per cent. are known to give resistivities of'approxim ately 85 microhms per centimeter cube, and while the addition of the silicon will greatly augment the durability of such an-alloy, as I have discovered, 1t doubtlesswill not greatly'decrease' the resistivity, and ma somewhat increase it. It will, of course, be understood that deoxidizers, such as manganese, may be used, in addition to the metals herein specified, for its ordinary purposes, and I find that when added rin a slight excess, it does not injuriously affect the alloy or the element formed therefrom, but on the contrary, a slight excess when added to the nickel silicon alloy makes working easier. However, with the cobalt silicon alloy I do not find it necessary to use the excess manganese.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- v 1. An electric resistance element composed of metal of the eighth group, fourth series, mendeljeffs table, and silicon.

2- An electric resistance element composed of, metal of the eighth gro up, fourth series, in the proportion of approximately 5 per lllcndeljefls table, and silicon, the silicon in cent.

1110 quantity of apprcximatel 5 per cent. I I

3. An electric resistance element formed ALBERI MA Im o of an alloy of nickel and silicon. p In presence of- 4. An electric resistance element formed J. G. ANDERSON,

of an alloy of nickel and silicon, the silicon J. LANDESMAN.