US1056072A - Sheet-metal manufacture. - Google Patents

Description

P. M. VOGAN.

v SHEET METAL MANUFACTURE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13, 1911.

1,056,072. Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

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SHEET METAL MANUFACTURE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13. 1911.-

Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

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SHEET METAL MANUFACTURE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13,1911. 1,05 ,072,, Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

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FRANK M. VOGAN, 0F C ANTON, OHIO.

SHEET-METAL MANUFACTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

Application filed May 13, 1911. Serial No. 627,060.

strength are imparted to sheet metal by providing it with depressions and elevations so as to throw certain portions of the body of the, sheet into position to withstand strains and stresses in a manner which cannot be accomplished by the use of ordinary sheet metal.

j The uses to which my invented sheet met-a1 manufacturemay be put are many and somewhat varied, some of the important uses however being the making of temporary molds for structural concrete work and the building of fireproof structures and the like as will hereinafter more fully appear.

The objects of my invention are to provide a sheet metal manufacture possessing new and useful features of structure, to provide a sheet of metal with such a combination of depressions and elevations as to make the same capable of withstanding strains and stresses in various directions and capable of wide and diversified use by reason of its peculiar adaptability to many purposes for which ordinary sheet metal is but poorly or not at all adapted.

Another object of the invention is to provide a manufacture which may be sold and handled commercially on a large scale and may be used either in a temporary or permanent manner in the building of various structures, the strengthening depressions and elevations being so formed as to be adapted to render the use of the material more convenient and at the same time to give the molded surfaces of concrete structures and the like a pleasing and practical finish without making it necessary to go over the surface for the purpose of finishlng it.

These objects, together with many other objects 'which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, I attain by the manufacture illustrated in the accompanying drawing's, although my invention may be embodied in other forms, the form illustrated being chosen by way of example.

In the drawings I have illustrated not only the manufacture itself but a few of the practical uses to which it may be put.

Figure 1 is a face view of a sheet of metal embodying my invent-ion. Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a sectional view on the .line 4-'4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 55 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of my invented manufacture in use in the construction of a concrete fireproof floor and ceiling with portions being broken away to more fully 'disclose the details of construction. Fig. 7 is a perspective view, with parts broken away and parts in section, of my invented manufacture in use as a temporary form for the construction of a concrete arch. Fig. 8 is a perspective view illustrating my improved manufacture in use in the construction of culverts and the like. Fig. 9 is a perspec tiveview, parts being broken away, of my invented manufacture in use as a fireproof wall. Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional View on the line 1010 of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the bottom holding strip shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional view on the line 1212 of Fig. 9. Fig. 13 is a perspective view with parts broken away illustrating my invented manufacture in use in the construction of concrete columns and the like. Fig. 14 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view of the metallic portions of the structure shown in Fig. 13.

Throughout the several views similar reference numerals indicate similar parts.

In the following description the sheet of metal embodying my invention will be considered as havinga face side and a rear side and the description, except where otherwise specifically mentioned, will have reference to the face side of the sheet. It will be understood as the description proceeds that in some cases the face side of the sheet will be the side of most important use, while in other cases the rear side will be the side of most important use. It will also be understood that the "sheet of metal from which the sub-sections.

my invented manufacture is formed should as possible. While many forms of elevations be of uniform thickness throughout its extent and that any elevation or depression on one side will have its corresponding depression or elevation on the other side. With this understanding it will be noted from an inspection of Fig. 1 that the sheet is, generally speaking, divided into a plurality of sections, such as designated by A, B, C and D, all of said sections being alike. Considering one of said sections it should be noted that it comprises frame portions 1 lying in the normal plane of the sheet, said frame portions extending continuously transversely and being connected to the body of the section in question by integral depressed partially interrupted minor channel portions 2. The \spaced main ribs 3, lying in the normal plane of the sheet, extend from the inner edge of the minor channel portion on one side of the section to the cor responding inner edge of the minor channel portion on the other side of the section. It will thus be understood that the main ribs 3 and the frame portions 1 serve to generally divide each section into a plurality of sub-sections, the minor channel portions 2, however, intervening between the ends of the main ribs 3 and the frame portions 1. The sub-sections of the section B in Fig. 1 are indicated by the letters a, b, c, d, e, f and g. All of the sub-sections are alike, but

it will be noted that the sheet in Fig. 1 terminates at the left-hand edge in line with themain ribs of the sections and at the right-hand edge in line with the centers of This is however a characteristic of the individual sheet shown and is not an essentialfeature of the invention.

Each sub-section is provided with a main depression .4, the walls of Which are preferably cylindric, the conformation of the wall of each depression being such that the axis of the cylinder of which itmay be con. sidered a, part would be parallel with the main ribs 3. From an inspection of Fi s. 4 and 5 it will be seen that the main (Icpressions 4 are comparatively deep and at the ends of said depressions adjacent the frame portions 1 it is important, from a practical point of View, to take up the metal gradually from the considerably stretched portion in the main depression to the unstretched portion of the sheet at the edges of the minor channel portions. Anyabrupt termination of the'main depressions 4 at this point would seriously weaken the sheet and at such points I therefore prefer to rovide some sort of configuration inclu ing elevations and depressions to gradually take up the stretch of the metal and distribute the strain to the adjacent portions of the sheet including the main ribs 3 and the frame portions 1 in as practical a manner and depressions at such points may be employed I have shown in the sheet illustrated in Fig. 1 a configuration comprising three tapering convex flutes, a middle flute 5 and side flutes 6 forming a godroon of artistic appearance and at the same time gradually taking in the stretch of the metal from the deeper portion of the main depression and carrying the same, diminishing it, and distributing it in the body of the sheet adjacent the frame portion 1. It should be here clearly understood that while it is desirable to have this portion of my invented manufacture formed in such way as to produce an artistic effect, its practical importance is greater than its importance as an ornament and other configurations in the sheet metal may be substituted for that shown and described. In the form described the middle flute at the end of each main depression runs somewhat into the minor channel portion 2, not destroying said channel portion but partially interrupting it. This however is a characteristic not essential to the invention.

Intermediate the frame portions 1 of adjacent sections is located the major channel portion 7 which consists of an integral depressed rounded groove of considerable depth and adapted not only to strengthen the sheet transversely but also to provide a definite bending line for bending the sheet transversely when it is desired to do so in using the same for certain purposes hereinafter to be more fully described.

It willnow be understood that, considering the face side of the sheet no portion of the same is raised above the original normal plane of the sheet metal from which the manufacture is formed and that the frame, portions 1, main ribs 3 and the higher portions at the outer ends of the flutes 5 and 6 lie in said normal plane, the remaining portions of the sheet being depressed more or less according to location.

A sheet metal manufacture of the character described having been provided attention is directed to the following description of the uses to which the same may be lit.

p In Fig. 6 is illustrated my invented sheet metal manufacture in "use as a temporary form for the construction of a concrete fireproof floor and ceiling. It. will be noted that the I-beams 8, the expanded metal reinforcing material 9 and the floor 10 all of usual construction areprovided. In setting sheet at 12 is formed along one of the major channel portions, which permits the sheet to be bent along a true line to form the concrete reinforced girder 13 around the I- beam. In such construction, if desired, the main ribs 3 and main depressions 4 which are located at the sides and on the underside of the said girder 13 are shorter than the standard lengths of such ribs and depressions in the main body of the sheet. It will be also noted that along the line at 14.- where the sheet is bent oppositely from the bend at 12 the major channel portion is bent outwardly from the face side of the sheet rather than inwardly as in the usual construction. Intermediate the girders the standard form of sheet may be used and the various sheets going to make up the entire form should be so arranged with reference to each other as to produce a continuous and unbroken decoration of the concrete ceiling when the sheet metal form is removed. In Fig. 6 I have shown at 15 a portion of the finished ceiling as it appears when the con crete has set and the form has been removed. It will be noted that said ceiling is provided with elevations and depressions corresponding to the elevations and depressions formed in the sheet metal. By reason of the fact that the surface of the sheet metal is comparatively smooth it is unnecessary to put an additional finish on the surface of concrete work thus molded, thus saving a great amount of time, labor and expense. It should be noted also that the forms made from my invented manufacture may be used again and again, it being unnecessary to discard them after use.

In Fig. 7 is shown my invented manufacture in use as a temporary form for the construction of a concrete arch. When so used a wooden or other supporting frame 16 is provided and on said frame and running lengthwise with the archway are arranged the round rods or tubes 17. Sheets of my invented manufacture may be used for the making of a form for the sides of the archway as shown in a fragmentary way at 18. The lowermost of the rods 17 should be arranged at the line where the side walls meet the arch proper and one of the major channel portions 7 should be arranged upon said rod, the curvature of said channel being approximately the same as the curvature of the rod. The sheet may be bent over as shown in Fig. 7 said sheet bending along the line of the major channel portion and as the sheet extends throughout the curvature of the arch it may be slightly bent over each of the rods 17 in succession, which rods are located in the various major channel portions, thus producing a neat and symmetrical curve, the sheet metal being supported upon the rods 17 and such bending as is necessary inthe sheet being definitely located at and limited-to the various majbr channel portions as will be understood from an inspection of-Fig. 7. At the end of each sheet another sheet may be joined thereto, care sponding to the elevations. and depressions v in the sheet metal.

If desired, in such arches as illustrated in Fig. 7, the end of the arch as well as the inher sides may be cast or formed against molds made from my invented manufacture. In such instances it is desirable that the sheets for making said molds at the end be provided with radially disposed major channel portions as shown at 20, the radius of the curvature of the arch bein employed as a guide for the positioning 0 the various major channel portions as will be readily understood from an inspection of'Fig. 7. It should be here noted that my invented manufacture when put to such use as the construction of a concrete arch as just described not only gives to the concrete surface a finished appearance but the arrangement of elevations and depressions is such as to make a rigid form capable of withstanding the pressure or weight of the concrete without giving way under the strain so as to be. thrown out of true alinement or to produce an uneven finished surface. This could not be accomplished by the use of ordinary sheet metal without providing it with a support practically throughout its entire area.

In Fig. 8 I have shown a culvert produced by the aid of my invented construction. 7 In the making of such a culvert I employ an inner form 2l'preferably made of plain sheet metal having outwardly pressed integral ribs 22 running lengthwise with respect to the culvert. Connected to the inner form 21 are a number of spacers 23, more clearly illustrated in perspective in Fig. 13. These spacers consist of strips of sheet metal bent into V-shape and having their bases connected to the form 21, their pointed ends extending outwardly. Around the inner form thus provided withspacers is arranged the outer form 24 composed of a plurality of curved sections provided with integral outstanding flanges 25 which may be connected together as by bolts or rivets 26. It will be understood that the sections comprising the outer form are preferably specially made on a drop press or otherwise, so as to possess their curvature from the time of first making, and such sections being nestable for shipment in somewhat the same manner as are the sections of nestable sheet metal culvert pipe now commonly in use. The sections comprising the outer form 24 however involve the essential principles of my invented construction and are provided with main ribs 3, main depressions 4, frame portions 1, minor channel portions 2, major channel portions 7 and the flutes 5 and 6 as hereinbefore described. The sect-ions are made with their front faces outwardly disposed and the preferable arrangement for ordinary sizes of culverts is therefore one section arranged at the bottom as shown in Fig. 8 and two or more sections extending up over the top portion of the culvert. The sections at the top are provided with cut away portions 27, said cut away portions being located between adjacent ribs 3 and providing a pouring aperture. When the outer fornris arranged about the inner form and properly con nected concrete in sufliciently thin plastic condition should be poured into the space between the inner and outer forms through thebutaway portions. Suitable provision being made to prevent the concrete thus poured in from running out at the ends between the inner and outer forms, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the concrete will fill up the space between the said inner and outer forms and whenset will form an integral concrete culvert such as shown in Fig. 8 provided with an'internal metallic lining constituted by the inner form and provided externally with ribs, depressions and the other features of relief of the outer form. When the concrete has sufficiently set the upper sections of' the outer form may be removed if desired, leaving the lower section in place, or the sections may remain to aid in strength ening the culvert if desired. The concrete being cast thus with external ribs and depressions will possess greater strength than if the same mass of concrete had been cast with a plain external surface, thus giving the-maximum strength with the minimum of material.

In Fig. 9 I have shown sheets of my invented manufacture in use in the construction of fireproof walls for buildings and the .like. When such use is to be made of the manufacture a bottom holding strip formed I from sheet metal, suchas shown in fragmentary perspective in Fig. 11, is arranged upon-the floor and fastened in place by any well known means. Two sheets of-my invented manufacture are then arranged preferably with their rear sides turned toward each other and their face sides outwardly disposed, as shown in Fig. 9, and if desired structure of the wall and as will be noted from an inspection of Figs. 10 and 12 the concrete will be permitted to flow between the sheets producing vertical concrete bars or ribs at the points where the main ribs 3 of the two sheets'are opposite each other and horizontal connecting bars or ribs where the frame portions 1, channel portions 2, channel portions 7 and flutes 5 and 6 are arranged opposite each other. When the concrete has set the wall will be found to be very rigid and substantial while the amount of concrete employed by this method of construction will be inconsiderable as compared with the amount necessarily used in other methods of construction.

In Figs. 13 and 14 I have illustrated the method by which concrete columns and the like may be constructed by the use of my invented manufacture. These columns are formed in somewhat the same manner as the culverts such as illustrated in Fi 8, a similar inner form 21 being employed, said form being made of sheet metal and provided with the folded ribs 22 and spacers 23 as hereinbefore described. It Wlll be noted that the inner forms 21 may be made in quantities at the factory, being merely provided with the folded ribs 22 and shipped flat, being bent into cylindrical form, the meeting edges fastened and the spacers 23 being attached at the place of erection. An outer form 24 composed of sections similar to those employed in the construction of the culvert in Fig. 8 are then arranged around the outer side of the inner form, being spaced therefrom by the spacers 23 and bolts or rivets 26 being employed to connect the outstanding flanges 25 as before. Concrete in sufficiently plastic condition is then poured into the space between the inner form and the outer form and allowed to set,

whereupon'the sections of the outer form may be removed, leaving an outer surface provided -with elevations and depressions corresponding to the elevations and depressions of the outer form. In Fig. 13 I have illustrated a portion of the outer form broken away to show the neat appearance of the outer surface of the finished column. I have also shown a portion of the concrete of the column broken away to more fully illustrate the inner form 21 and a portion of said inner form broken away to more fully disclose the interior thereof. It will of course be understood that the inner form will remain after the column has been made. Fig. 14 illustrates how the concrete will be distributed back of the main ribs 3 and main depressions 4, said main ribs producing thickened concrete ribs by which arrangement the full structural value of the concrete is obtained with the minimum amount of concrete necessary in the making of the column.

Practical uses of my invented manufacture are so numerous as to make it entirely impracticable to name them or suggest them all in the present specification but the five examples hereinbefore submitted will serve to illustrate the universal importance and practical utility of the invention. Whether in plain sheets or in the construction of forms for ceilings, for arches, for culverts, for walls, for columns or any of the other numerous structures for which the manufacture is peculiarly adapted said manufacture will be found to possess peculiarly desirable characteristics and possess rigidity and strength in a high degree and be capable of being bent, formed, fashioned and worked to great advantage without sacrificing the important qualities produced by the peculiar formation of elevations and depressions which is the key to my new and useful invented manufacture.

I claim:

l. A manufacture comprising a sheet of metal provided with frame portions and main ribs lying in the normal plane of the sheet, said frame portions spaced from each other, said ribs spaced from each other and extending transversely with reference to said frame portions, minor depressed channel portions lying intermediate said frame portions and the ends of said main ribs, and strengthening depressed portions bounded by said minor depressed channel portions and main ribs.

2. A manufacture comprising a sheet of metal provided with a plurality of sections, said sections being defined by transversely extending frame portions lying in the nor mal plane of the sheet and arranged upon the two sides of each section and an integral major channel portion forming a depressed groove intermediate adjacent frame portions of two adjacent sections and the body of each section provided with stiffening depres sions.

3. A manufacture comprising a sheet of metal provided with a plurality of sections, each section comprising continuous, transversely extending frame portions lying in the normal plane of the sheet, integral, depressed minor channel portions lying inter mediate said frame portions and the body of the section, the body of each section provided with a plurality of sub-sections, spaced main ribs lying in the normal plane of the sheet and extending from the inner edge of the minor channel portion on one side of the section to the inner edge of the corresponding minor channel portion on the other side of the section, each sub-section provided with a main depression, elevations and depressions intermediate said main ribs at the two ends of each main depression, said elevations and depressions adapted to gradually take up the stretch of the metal in the main depression and distribute the same to the adjacent portions including the main ribs and frame portions, and major channel portions comprising integral depressed grooves intermediate and parallel with adjacent frame portions of two adjacent sections.

4:. A manufacture comprising a sheet of metal provided with a plurality of sections, each section comprising continuous, trans versely extending frame portions lying in the normal plane of the sheet, integral, depressed, minor channel portions lying intermediate said frame portions and the body of the section, the body of each section provided with a plurality of sub-sections, spaced main ribs lying in the normal plane of the sheet and extending from the inner edge of the minor channel portion on one side of the section to the inner edge of the correspond ing minor channel portion on the other side of the section, each sub-section provided with a main depression having cylindric walls, the axis of cylindricity being disposed parallel with said main ribs and flutes intermediate said main ribs at the two ends of each main depression, said flutes taking up the stretch of the metal in. the main depression and distributing the same into the adjacent portions including the main ribs and frame portions, and major channel portions comprising integral, depressed grooves intermediate and parallel with adjacent frame portlons of two adjacent sections, said major channel portions being adapted to permit the sheet to be bent along said channel portions and to define and control the line of bending, as described.

5. A manufacture comprising a sheet of metal provided with a plurality of sections, each section comprising continuous, transversely extending frame portions lying in the normal plane of the sheet, the body of each section arranged between adjacent frame portions and provided with a plurality of sub-sections, spaced main ribs lying in the normal plane of the sheet and extending at right-angles to said frame portlons, each sub-section provided with a mam depression, and elevations and depressions intermediate said main ribs at the two ends of have hereunto subscribed my name in the each main depresscilon, said elevations and presence of two witnesses. depressions adapte to take up the stretch 4 of the metal in the main depression and FRANK VOGAN' 6 distribute the same to the adjacent main ribs Witnesses:

and frame portions. IRENE LU'rz,

In testimony that I claim the above, I WILLIAM H. MILLER.

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