US10484261B2 - Method and system for performance measurement of a communication link - Google Patents

Method and system for performance measurement of a communication link Download PDF

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US10484261B2
US10484261B2 US14/414,437 US201214414437A US10484261B2 US 10484261 B2 US10484261 B2 US 10484261B2 US 201214414437 A US201214414437 A US 201214414437A US 10484261 B2 US10484261 B2 US 10484261B2
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communication device
data
layer
active probing
network
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US20150200834A1 (en
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Sungho Yun
Carlos Garcia Hernandez
Manikanden Balakrishnan
Wonjong Rhee
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Assia Spe LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
    • H04L43/0817—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements

Definitions

  • Monitoring performance of a communication link is used, for instance, for proactively addressing and preventing user complaints, for deciding when to upgrade hardware associated with the communication link, for deciding when to trigger an optimization algorithm to optimize the communication link, for verifying that the optimization algorithm has indeed resulted in improved performance, etc.
  • performance herein refers generally to network throughput (e.g., TCP/UDP), latency, jitter, connectivity, error rates, power consumption, transmit power, etc. Improving performance of the communication system includes increasing throughput, reducing error rate and latency, improving jitter, power consumption, etc. for the communicating system.
  • Monitoring performance generally refers to determining and/or calculating one or more of the above performance parameters associated with the communication link.
  • TCP transmission control protocol.
  • UDP refers to user datagram protocol.
  • Communication system performance can be evaluated using traditional testing software applications such as iperf, netperf, ttcp, etc.
  • software applications need to be installed on at least two communication devices where the software application on one communication device generates and transmits test data to the other communication device, and where the software application on the other communication device receives the test data.
  • test data transportation After transmitting and receiving the test data, statistics of the test data transportation is evaluated to assess the performance of the communication link between the two communication devices. Testing of a communication system or network to gauge its performance via such traditional testing software applications requires compatible software applications to be installed or to be available at both communication devices that form the communication link.
  • a user with a laptop visits a performance testing web site, and subsequently a testing software application is loaded to the user's web browser. Then the performance between the laptop and a server in the internet is measured using the testing software application that was already available at the server.
  • FIG. 1 is a communication network which is operable to measure performance of a communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart for measuring performance of a communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed flowchart for measuring performance of a communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a sequence of multiple configuration settings for a communication device, the settings used for determining operation settings of the communication device after measuring performance of the communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a processor-based system having machine-readable storage medium with computer executable instructions operable to measure performance of a communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the communication device transmitting test data has the testing software application while the other communication device does not have the testing software application.
  • active probing The traditional method to test network performance, which is intrusive to user network service, is referred to “active probing.”
  • active probing generally refers to testing of a communication network by sending test pattern/data (e.g., Ethernet packets) over the network from one communication device to another communication device, and then measuring the performance statistics of the sent test pattern/data at the receiver.
  • test pattern/data e.g., Ethernet packets
  • the receiving end does not send any response data.
  • the receiving end may share the reception statistics with the transmitter i.e., the receiver shares a report with the transmitter.
  • Traditional active probing software such as iperf, netperf, ttcp, etc, is run at application layers, where data transmission application software and data reception application software are used together for accurately measuring performance between the two transmission and reception devices i.e., measuring performance of a communication link.
  • Traditional active probing is accurate because actual test data is transmitted in the same way as user traffic would be transmitted over the network. Frequent active probing can be annoying to the user because it may cause delay in user traffic. It is possible to execute active probing without stopping user traffic, but such a measurement is not accurate because the testing traffic needs to compete with the user traffic, and furthermore active probing can significantly impair the user experience due to lower throughput and/or higher latency.
  • throughput measurement is generally undervalued with a competition, because measurement from active probing accounts for the successfully received tests data and fails to account for the link's capacity that is used for user traffic.
  • PCT Application No. PCT/US12/46810 entitled, “Method and System for Performance Estimation of a Communication Link” (filed concurrently with this application on Jul. 13, 2012, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, and co-owned by ASSIA Inc. of Redwood City, Calif., 94065, USA), can avoid the user traffic issue, by considering operational data that account for the user traffic as well as the test traffic.
  • testing application requires testing application to be available at both communication devices, at the ends of the communication link, such that one communication device can transmit testing data (i.e., active data) and the other communication device can receive the testing data using the same protocol for testing.
  • Another mechanism to gauge performance of a communication link and/or communication device is to monitor operational data associated with a communication device.
  • the operational data is generated sometimes as a by-product of normal operation of the device and sometimes to provide basic performance or operation information.
  • active probing reading or collecting of such data is not intrusive to user network service.
  • Monitoring or reading of such communication data is sometimes referred as “passive probing,” herein.
  • Throughput associated with the communication link may be roughly estimated from typical operational data such as packet error counts and PHY-layer constellation information that indicate how many bits are being transmitted per data symbol.
  • PHY is an abbreviation for the physical layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model.
  • OSI Open Systems Interconnection
  • An instantiation of PHY connects a link layer device (often called a MAC) to a physical medium such as an optical fiber, copper wires or air (wireless communications).
  • MAC address is an abbreviation for Media Access Control address.
  • MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.
  • MAC addresses are used for numerous network technologies and most Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802 network technologies, including Ethernet.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Logically, MAC addresses are used in the Media Access Control protocol sub-layer of the OSI reference model.
  • operational data are used together with active probing data to determine a reliable performance measurement.
  • the operational data are read from counters (also referred herein as operational counters) that increase in count value for successfully delivered packets.
  • uccessful herein refers to an indication suggesting safe receipt of a packet that is often confirmed by ACK (acknowledge) message packet.
  • operational data such as error counts, retransmission counts, modulation, signal strength, etc. are used to estimate the throughput.
  • Operational data is generally user visible or accessible data and is generally used for debugging and basic performance monitoring of communications systems, but generally not for advanced performance estimation because the data was not designed for the performance monitoring, does not carry sufficient information related to performance and there is no known estimation algorithms with a high accuracy. Therefore, passive probing alone may not be enough to determine advanced performance of a communication system and operational data generally includes counter values that are only weakly associated with the current performance of a communication system.
  • the embodiments herein disclose a method and system for performance measurement of a communication link without having testing application software to be installed and used on both communication devices on both ends of the communication link. When one end of the two ends has such application software, the embodiments herein can be used to obtain accurate performance measurement.
  • active probing is performed by sending special packets by a communication device over the communication link to another communication device such that testing software application is installed on the transmitting communication device but not on the receiving communication device.
  • active probing and passive probing are performed to measure performance of the communication link.
  • the packets may not be intended for any application at the receiver communication device, but ensures a full capacity use of PHY (layer 1) regardless of the amount of user traffic during performance measurement.
  • PHY layer 1
  • Such packets may be eventually dropped by the receiver communication device at a certain communication layer (for example, layer 3 or above depending on packet construction), but some of the lower layers (for example, layers 1 and 2) can process the packet and hence result in behaviors that are observable and countable from the transmitting communication device.
  • active probing at any layer uses full capacity data at the PHY layer, because PHY is the lowest layer that all the other layers need to go through.
  • passive operational counters at the transmitting communication device are used for counting successful transmissions of packets from the transmitting communication device to the receiving communication device.
  • AP Access Point, one of the communication devices
  • station the other communication device
  • AP generates Ethernet packets directed to the station's MAC address with no real application-layer program at the station expecting and awaiting the packets.
  • the Ethernet packets are transmitted from AP through Wi-Fi PHY/MAC layers (layers 1 and 2), received by station's Wi-Fi PHY/MAC layers, and eventually dropped by the station's layer 3 and above because there is no proper counterpart protocol or application to receive the data.
  • the IEEE 802.11 PHY/MAC layer of station will send an ‘ACK’ signal for each successfully received Wi-Fi packet because of the inherent design of Wi-Fi PHY/MAC layer.
  • Such ACK signals are counted in the Wi-Fi driver, and the count is available as operational data at the AP i.e., the transmitter. The count is part of many operational data that are available at the AP, and this count can be used to accurately calculate the total number of user data bytes that were successfully received by the station.
  • a number of layer-2 ACK messages are counted.
  • counters are read after a fixed duration of time. Because AP generates enough Ethernet packets to make sure that PHY layer is running at the highest (or near highest) speed possible, the calculated bytes divided over the time duration represents an accurate throughput of the Wi-Fi link.
  • the counters and bytes not only account for the test data generated by active probing, but also account for the traffic generated by the user. The test data might or might not slow down the user traffic. In either case, active probing makes sure that the data link is used at its maximum (or near maximum) capacity by transmitting sufficient amount of data. Therefore, the embodiments herein provide accurate measurements without requiring user traffic to be stopped or delayed.
  • the station can be used in any situation with access to one of the two network communication devices.
  • the embodiment discussed herein can also be applied from station side to send Ethernet packets to AP and measure the throughput from station to AP. In such an embodiment, there is no need for any application-layer software to be available at the AP.
  • the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to Ethernet packets or Wi-Fi.
  • the embodiments of this disclosure can be used whenever relevant operational data is made available at the transmitter side. Such operational data include Ethernet packet count in Wi-Fi, ATM cell count in ATM over Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), etc.
  • flooding the PHY layer with test data can be implemented with any type of data packets so long as the packets are not intended for network users.
  • Ping applications or any other well known applications to flood the PHY can be used.
  • operational data can still be observed for long enough time such that there are time periods where user generated traffic is large enough to use the full capacity of the PHY layer.
  • Ping refers to a computer network administration utility used to test the reach-ability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • Ping operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets to the target host and waiting for an ICMP response. In the process it measures the time from transmission to reception (round-trip time) and records any packet loss.
  • ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
  • the embodiments herein can be used between two communication devices (also referred to as network elements) that are directly connected to each other where Layer 1 or Layer 2 counts, i.e. operational data, are available.
  • Layer 1 or Layer 2 counts i.e. operational data
  • flooding of test data can be achieved with any Wi-Fi frame (layer-3 IP layer can be anything including UDP, TCP, ICMP, completely missing, etc.) or other layer-2 including ATM or Ethernet packets.
  • any application layer programs that are commonly available, such as Ping can be used, too.
  • signals are represented with lines. Some lines may be thicker, to indicate more constituent signal paths, and/or have arrows at one or more ends, to indicate primary information flow direction. Such indications are not intended to be limiting. Rather, the lines are used in connection with one or more exemplary embodiments to facilitate easier understanding of a circuit or a logical unit. Any represented signal, as dictated by design needs or preferences, may actually comprise one or more signals that may travel in either direction and may be implemented with any suitable type of signal scheme.
  • Coupled and its derivatives may be used.
  • the term “coupled” herein refers to two or more elements which are in direct contact (physically, electrically, magnetically, optically, etc.).
  • the term “coupled” herein may also refer to two or more elements that are not in direct contact with each other, but still cooperate or interact with each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a communication network 100 which is operable to measure and improve communication link performance, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the communication network comprises an optimization center 101 (e.g., server) communicatively coupled to one or more communication devices 103 1-N , where ‘N’ is a positive integer.
  • communication device 103 2 is coupled to a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) modem 104 via a DSL link.
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • the CPE modem 104 is coupled to an access point (AP) 105 .
  • the AP 105 is coupled to one or more stations (STAs) 106 1-M , where ‘M’ is a positive integer.
  • STAs stations
  • performance measurement software/algorithm 102 is provided (or installed) on a communication device (e.g., Wi-Fi device 103 1 ) which is used as a transmitter to send active probing data to one or more other communication devices 106 1-N .
  • a communication device e.g., Wi-Fi device 103 1
  • any communication device coupled directly or indirectly to the network may have instructions for measuring performance of a communication link when the other communication device on the link does not have the performance measuring software.
  • the performance measurement from the performance measurement software 102 , can be used to tune or configure the communication device to optimize the use of the communication link.
  • the communication devices 103 1-N include an access point (AP); a base station; a wireless local area network (LAN) device; a Digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM); a gateway; a performance enhancement device; a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) CPE modem; an in-home powerline device; a Home Phoneline Network Alliance (HPNA) based device; an in-home coax distribution device; a G.hn (Global Home Networking Standard) compatible device; an in-home metering communication device; an in-home appliance communicatively interfaced with the LAN; a wireless femtocell base station; a wireless WiFi compatible base station; a wireless mobile device repeater; a wireless mobile device base station; nodes within an ad-hoc/mesh network; an set-top box (STB)/set-top unit (STU) customer electronics device; an Internet Protocol (IP) enabled television; an IP enabled media player; an IP enabled gaming console; an Ethernet gateway; a computing device connected to the LAN
  • IP
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are operable to execute active probing to generate active probing data.
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N flood traffic on their respective communication links to the stations 106 1-M , 104 , or any other communication device.
  • response received by the one or more communication devices 103 1-N from the stations 106 1-M , 104 , or any other communication device over the communication links is the active data, which is used by the respective performance measurement softwares 102 in the corresponding one or more communication devices 103 1-N to measure performance of their communication link, which can be then used to diagnose, train, tune, or configure the communication device to enhance performance of the respective communication link.
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are operable to execute active probing by transmitting active probing data from one communication device to another communication device.
  • communication device 103 1 transmits active probing data to communication device 106 1 and/or communication device 103 2 transmits active probing data to CPE 104 over a DSL link.
  • the testing software is not available on the receiving communication device i.e., communication device 106 1 or CPE 104 .
  • communication device 106 1 transmits active probing data to optimization center 101 via communication links including 107 1 .
  • the testing software is available on the communication device 106 1 and is not available on the receiving communication device i.e., optimization center 101 .
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are further operable to wait for a predetermined time before reading the operational data including counter values related to user data traffic on the respective communication links.
  • the predetermined time is in the range of 0.001 seconds to 600 seconds. In other embodiments other waiting periods may be used. In one embodiment, the waiting period is programmable by software or hardware.
  • the communication device 103 1 is further operable to receive an operational data report indicating amount of data or data received by the other communication device (e.g., optimization center 101 , and/or communication device 103 2 ).
  • the report is a number of ACK message received in response to sending active probing data.
  • the report indicates a size of the successful data received by the receiving communication device in response to a communication device sending active probing data.
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are operable to read operational data which includes data related to channel (e.g., links 107 1-N , links between 105 and 106 1-M , links between 103 1 and 106 1-M , and/or DSL links between 103 2 and 104 ) and its noise condition, data relevant to the current setting of the communication devices 103 1-N , and counter values related to user data traffic between the communication devices 103 1-N and another communication device (e.g., optimization center 101 , 105 , 106 1-M , 104 , etc), wherein the operational data is relevant to the current settings of the communication device. Examples of such operational data are successful transmit packet counts, successful receive packet counts, ACK packet counts, errored packet counts, discarded packet counts, retransmission counts, etc.
  • operational data includes data related to channel (e.g., links 107 1-N , links between 105 and 106 1-M , links between 103 1 and 106 1-M , and/or DSL links between 103 2 and
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are operable to train their respective performance estimation algorithms according to the active probing data transmitted and the operational data. In one embodiment, the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are operable to, prior to executing active probing, read operational data (i.e., passive probing) from counter values related to the user data traffic on communication links. For example, links 107 1-N , links between 105 and 106 1-M , links between 103 1 and 106 1-M , and/or DSL links between 103 2 and 104 .
  • the counter values include at least one of packet error counts, packet retransmission counts, successful ACK message counts, etc.
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are operable to read operational data (i.e., execute passive probing) during or after executing active probing.
  • the accuracy of the measured performance of a communication link may be dependent on the characteristics of the user's traffic patterns and the characteristics of the noise and channel environments.
  • noise and channel might vary frequently.
  • noise and channel might vary infrequently.
  • noise and channel might vary frequently but mostly between two states only.
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are operable to measure performance and then train or configure their respective operating algorithms as a function of one or more criteria including at least one of: time of day, time of the week, type of communication device, manufacturer and model of equipment, equipment characteristics, firmware, backbone limitations, user's network usage pattern, radio-frequency (RF) characteristics including at least one of: signal power, frequency bands and mode of operation, environment statistics, or data on operation of communication devices adjacent to the communication device, wherein the data includes at least one of interference channels and levels.
  • the noise may include interference from other communication devices operating in the same frequency band.
  • the one or more communication devices 103 1-N are operable to compute throughput of the communication devices 103 1-N using active probing data for measuring performance of the communication link.
  • active data may comprise Ethernet packets that are sent by a communication device (e.g., device 103 1 ) to another communication device (e.g., STA 106 1 ) over a communication link (dotted line), where the other communication device (e.g., STA 106 1 ) does not have the application test software to measure assist with performance measurement of the communication link using the received active data.
  • the Ethernet packets eventually get dropped by higher layers (e.g., layers 3, 4 etc).
  • the lower IEEE 802.11 PHY/MAC layer of other communication device (e.g., STA 106 1 ) will send an ‘ACK’ signal for each successfully received Wi-Fi packet from the communication device (e.g., device 103 1 ) because of the inherent design of Wi-Fi PHY/MAC layer.
  • such ACK signals are counted in the Wi-Fi driver of the communication device (e.g., device 103 1 ), and the count is available as operational data at the communication device (e.g., device 103 1 ).
  • the count is part of many operational data that are available at the communication device (e.g., device 103 1 ). This count is used to accurately calculate the total number of user data bytes that were successfully received by the other communication device (e.g., STA 106 1 ) by counting the number of layer-2 ACK messages or via similar counters for a fixed duration of time.
  • the communication device e.g., device 103 1
  • the communication device generated enough Ethernet packets to make sure that PHY layer is running at the highest speed possible
  • the calculated bytes divided over the time duration represents the accurate throughput of the Wi-Fi link (dotted line between 103 1 and 106 1 ).
  • the other communication device e.g., STA 106 1
  • the other communication device e.g., STA 106 1
  • the embodiment discussed herein can also be applied from the other communication device (e.g., STA 106 1 ) side to send Ethernet packets to the communication device 103 1 and measure the throughput from STA 106 1 to the communication device 103 1 .
  • the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to Ethernet packets or Wi-Fi.
  • the embodiments of this disclosure can be used whenever relevant operational data is made available at transmitter side. Such operational data include Ethernet packet count in Wi-Fi ATM cell count in ATM over DSL, etc.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart 200 for measuring performance of a communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the blocks in the flowcharts with reference to FIG. 2 are shown in a particular order, the order of the actions can be modified. Thus, the illustrated embodiments can be performed in a different order, and some actions/blocks may be performed in parallel.
  • the flowchart of FIG. 2 is illustrated with reference to the embodiments of FIG. 1 .
  • active probing is executed by the communication device (e.g., 103 1 ) that has the application software installed on it which is used for measuring performance of a communication link associated with the communication device 103 1 and another communication device (e.g., STA 106 1 ).
  • the active probing is executed on the PHY layer.
  • active probing is executed by sending test pattern/data (e.g., Ethernet packets) over the network from one communication device to another communication device, and then measuring the response from the sent test pattern.
  • operational data is read by the communication device 103 1 associated with the PHY layer in response to executing active probing.
  • the communication device 103 1 is operable to read operational data which includes data related to channel (e.g., dotted link between 103 1 and 106 1 ) and its noise condition, data relevant to the current setting of the communication devices 103 1 , and counter values related to user data traffic between the communication devices 103 1 and the other communication device 106 1 , wherein the operational data is relevant to the current settings of the communication device 103 1 .
  • Examples of such operational data are successful transmit packet counts, successful receive packet counts, ACK packet counts, errored packet counts, discarded packet counts, retransmission counts, etc.
  • the communication device 103 1 measures performance of the communication link according to the read operational data.
  • the other communication device 106 1 does not have the application software to assist with measuring performance of the communication link.
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed flowchart 300 for measuring performance of a communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the blocks in the flowchart with reference to FIG. 3 are shown in a particular order, the order of the actions can be modified. Thus, the illustrated embodiments can be performed in a different order, and some actions/blocks may be performed in parallel.
  • the flowchart of FIG. 3 is illustrated with reference to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-2 .
  • the flowchart 300 illustrates the method performed for measuring performance by the communication device 301 (e.g., 103 1 ) which has the application test software installed on it.
  • the method 300 also illustrates the method performed by the receiving communication device 302 (e.g., 106 1 ) which does not have the traditional application test software installed for measuring performance of the communication link between the communication device 301 (e.g., 103 1 ) and the other communication device 302 (e.g., 106 1 ).
  • the communication device 301 executes active probing.
  • test data is transmitted by the communication device 301 (e.g., 103 1 ) to the other communication device 302 (e.g., 106 1 ).
  • the other communication device 302 receives the test data. Since, this communication device 302 does not have the test application software on it, the test data is eventually dropped in higher layers (e.g., layer 3 or 4). However, upon receiving the test data, the communication device 302 sends an ACK signal or a similar message at block 305 to the communication device 301 , due to the inherent design of the underlying PHY/MAC communication protocol.
  • This ACK signal is transmitted regardless of the test data being dropped in higher layers.
  • the communication device 302 eventually drops the received test data because the communication device 302 determines that it does not have the means (i.e., application software) to process the test data received from the communication device 301 .
  • the communication device 301 receives the ACK message from communication device 302 .
  • the communication device 301 executes passive probing i.e., reads various operational data associated with the communication device 301 .
  • such ACK signals are counted in the communication device 301 and the count is available as operational data at the communication device 301 .
  • the count is part of many operational data that are available at the communication device 301 . In one embodiment, this count is used to accurately calculate the total number of user data bytes that were successfully received by the other communication device 301 by counting the number of layer-2 ACK messages.
  • the communication device 301 Because the communication device 301 generates enough test data (i.e., Ethernet packets) to make sure that PHY layer is running at the highest speed possible, at block 308 the calculated bytes from the count are divided over time duration to determine the accurate throughput (i.e., a performance metric) of the communication link.
  • test data i.e., Ethernet packets
  • the communication device 301 adjusts its configuration parameters e.g., power, transmission speed, etc. according to the measured performance of the communication link. For example, if the throughput of the communication link is above the needed value, then there is no need to over perform the communication system because there is not much gain to be had. In such a case, the communication device 301 can reduce its transmit power for the purpose of saving energy.
  • configuration parameters e.g., power, transmission speed, etc.
  • measuring performance is performed for different Quality-of-Service (QoS) settings in test data.
  • QoS Quality-of-Service
  • the test data itself is generated with different QoS marking in the header such that performance per QoS marking can be observed.
  • this marking is controlled in the active probing data.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a sequence 400 of measuring performance for multiple configuration settings of a communication device (e.g., 10 31 ), the measurements used for determining the desired operation settings of the communication device of the communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • a communication device e.g. 10 31
  • both passive probing and active probing are used to determine optimal performance settings for the communication device 103 1 .
  • a single passive probing is followed by a single active probing for each measurement of a performance setting.
  • another passive probing is added after active probing.
  • any combinations of passive and active probing can be used for each configuration setting such that more accurate decision can be made based on which configuration setting is a better one to use for the communication link that is being evaluated.
  • Examples of possible configuration parameters for Wi-Fi AP are channel, radio band, channel bonding, guard interval length, fragmentation threshold, retry limit, on/off of request to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS), beacon interval, transmit power, multiple antenna mode, preamble setting, modulation and coding scheme, Quality of Service (QoS) setting, etc.
  • the measured throughputs are 5 Mbps, 15 Mbps and 20 Mbps for setting 1 (default) 401 , setting 2 402 , and setting 3 403 , respectively.
  • the communication device 103 1 can be configured with setting 3 403 such that 20 Mbps can be provided to the user.
  • the measured latencies are 75 ms (millisecond), 35 ms, and 5 ms for setting 1 (default) 401 , setting 2 402 , and setting 3 403 , respectively.
  • the communication device 103 1 can be configured with setting 3 403 such that 5 ms latency can be provided to the user.
  • probing may be used in an adaptive and/or real-time way. For instance, active probing may be used only when there is low volume of user traffic such that the impact to user experience is minimized. In another example, probing may be used when the user or network manager would like to diagnose the situation (real-time use of the solution), too.
  • FIG. 5 is a processor-based system 500 having machine-readable storage medium 504 with computer executable instructions 102 / 504 a which are operable to measure performance of a communication link, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the storage medium 504 and associated computer executable instructions 102 / 504 a may be in any of the communication devices and/or servers discussed herein.
  • the computer-machine-readable/executable instructions 102 / 504 a are executed by a processor 501 .
  • Elements of embodiments are provided as machine-readable medium for storing the computer-executable instructions (e.g., instructions to implement the flowcharts of FIGS. 2-4 and other processes discussed in the description).
  • the processor-based system 500 further comprises a database 502 to store data used by the instructions 102 / 504 a .
  • the processor-based system 500 includes a network interface 505 to communicate with other devices.
  • the components of the processor-based system 500 communicate with one another via a network bus 503 .
  • the machine-readable storage medium 504 may include, but is not limited to, flash memory, optical disks, hard disk drive (HDD), Solid State Drive (SSD), CD-Read Only Memory (CD-ROMs), DVD ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or other type of machine-readable media suitable for storing electronic or computer-executable instructions.
  • a computer program e.g., BIOS
  • BIOS BIOS
  • first embodiment may be combined with a second embodiment anywhere the particular features, structures, functions, or characteristics associated with the two embodiments are not mutually exclusive.
  • a method for performance measurement comprises: executing active probing on a physical layer by a communication device coupled to another communication device via a network forming a communication link; reading operational data associated with the communication link in response to executing active probing; and measuring performance, by the communication device, of the communication link with reference to the communication device, the performance measured according to the read operational data.
  • the operational data indicates a number of successful transmissions of packets during active probing. In one embodiment, the operational data indicates size of successful transmission of data through the communication link. In one embodiment, the operational data is from layer 1 or layer 2 associated with the communication link.
  • executing active probing comprises transmitting test data configured to flood layer 1 or layer 2 of the network.
  • measuring performance of the communication link comprises applying operational data associated with the test data and user traffic.
  • the other communication device lacks ability to execute active probing on Application Layer with the communication device.
  • executing active probing comprises sending packets to the other communication device, the packets to use full capacity of layer 1 or layer 2 of the network.
  • the packets are not application specific packets.
  • measuring performance is performed for different Quality-of-Service (QoS) settings in test data.
  • QoS Quality-of-Service
  • measuring performance is performed for different configuration settings of the communication device.
  • the configuration settings include at least one of: frequency band; bandwidth in use; QoS parameter; rate-adaptation method; coding method; beam-forming method; transmit power adaptation method; Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS); frame-bursting; channel; channel bonding; guard interval length; fragmentation threshold; retry limit; on/off of RTS and CTS; beacon interval; transmit power; multiple antenna mode; preamble setting; modulation and coding scheme; or Quality of Service (QoS) setting.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • executing active probing is performed before or after executing passive probing with a first configuration setting.
  • the method further comprises: executing passive probing with a second configuration setting; and executing active probing with the second configuration setting, the second configuration setting being different from the first configuration setting.
  • measuring performance comprises measuring throughput of the communication device with first and second configuration settings.
  • executing passive probing comprises: reading operational data which includes data related to channel and its noise condition and counter values related to user data traffic between the communication device and another communication device, wherein the operational data is relevant to the current settings of the communication device.
  • executing active probing comprises: transmitting active probing data from the communication device to the other communication device over layer 1 or layer 2 of the network; and waiting for a predetermined time before reading operational data.
  • executing active probing comprises: transmitting active probing data from the communication device to the other communication device over layer 1 or layer 2 of the network; and receiving a report indicating amount of data or data received by the other communication device.
  • the communication device comprises at least one of: an access point (AP); a base station; a wireless local area network (LAN) device; a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM); a gateway; a performance enhancement device; a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) modem; an in-home powerline device; a Home Phoneline Network Alliance (HPNA) based device; an in-home coax distribution device; a G.hn (Global Home Networking Standard) compatible device; an in-home metering communication device; an in-home appliance communicatively interfaced with the LAN; a wireless femtocell base station; a wireless WiFi compatible base station; a wireless mobile device repeater; a wireless mobile device base station; nodes within an ad-hoc/mesh network; a set-top box (STB)/set-top unit (STU) customer electronics device; an Internet Protocol (IP) enabled television; an IP enabled media player; an IP enabled gaming console; an Ethernet gateway;
  • IP
  • a machine-readable storage medium having machine executable instructions that when accessed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method for performance measurement as discussed herein.
  • a system for performance measurement comprises: a network; and a first communication device communicatively coupled to a second communication device via the network, the first communication device operable to: execute active probing on a physical layer by the first communication; and measure throughput, by the first communication device, of the network.
  • the first communication device is operable to read operational data associated with the communication link in response to executing active probing. In one embodiment, the first communication device operable to measure throughput according to the read operational data. In one embodiment, the operational data indicates a number of successful transmissions of packets during active probing. In one embodiment, the operational data indicates size of successful transmission of data through the communication link. In one embodiment, the operational data is from layer 1 or layer 2 associated with the communication link. In one embodiment, the first communication device is operable to execute active probing by transmitting test data configured to flood layer 1 or layer 2 of the network.
  • first communication device to measure performance of the communication link by applying operational data associated with the test data and user traffic.
  • the second communication device lacks ability to execute active probing on Application Layer with the communication device.
  • the first communication device to execute active probing by sending packets to the second communication device, the packets to use full capacity of layer 1 or layer 2 of the network.
  • the packets are not application specific packets.
  • the first communication device to measure performance is performed for different Quality-of-Service (QoS) settings in test data.
  • QoS Quality-of-Service
  • the first communication device to measure performance for different configuration settings of the first communication device, wherein the configuration settings include at least one of: frequency band; bandwidth in use; QoS parameter; rate-adaptation method; coding method; beam-forming method; transmit power adaptation method; Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS); frame-bursting; channel; channel bonding; guard interval length; fragmentation threshold; retry limit; on/off of RTS and CTS; beacon interval; transmit power; multiple antenna mode; preamble setting; modulation and coding scheme; or Quality of Service (QoS) setting.
  • the configuration settings include at least one of: frequency band; bandwidth in use; QoS parameter; rate-adaptation method; coding method; beam-forming method; transmit power adaptation method; Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS); frame-bursting; channel; channel bonding; guard interval length; fragmentation threshold; retry limit; on/off of RTS and CTS; beacon interval; transmit power; multiple antenna mode; preamble setting; modulation and coding scheme
  • the first communication device is operable to execute passive probing with a first configuration setting before or after executing active probing. In one embodiment, the first communication device is operable to: execute passive probing with a second configuration setting; and execute active probing with the second configuration setting, the second configuration setting being different from the first configuration setting. In one embodiment, the first communication device is operable to measure performance by measuring throughput of the first communication device with first and second configuration settings. In one embodiment, the first communication device is operable to execute passive probing by reading operational data which includes data related to channel and its noise condition and counter values related to user data traffic between the first communication device and second communication device, wherein the operational data is relevant to the current settings of the communication device.
  • the first communication device is operable execute active probing by transmitting active probing data from the first communication device to the second communication device over layer 1 or layer 2 of the network; and by waiting for a predetermined time before reading operational data. In one embodiment, the first communication device is operable to execute active probing by: transmitting active probing data from the first communication device to the second communication device over layer 1 or layer 2 of the network; and receiving a report indicating amount of data or data received by the second communication device.
  • the first communication device comprises at least one of: an access point (AP); a base station; a wireless local area network (LAN) device; a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM); a gateway; a performance enhancement device; a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) modem; an in-home powerline device; a Home Phoneline Network Alliance (HPNA) based device; an in-home coax distribution device; a G.hn (Global Home Networking Standard) compatible device; an in-home metering communication device; an in-home appliance communicatively interfaced with the LAN; a wireless femtocell base station; a wireless WiFi compatible base station; a wireless mobile device repeater; a wireless mobile device base station; nodes within an ad-hoc/mesh network; a set-top box (STB)/set-top unit (STU) customer electronics device; an Internet Protocol (IP) enabled television; an IP enabled media player; an IP enabled gaming console; an Ethernet gateway
  • IP

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