US1046191A - Dump-car. - Google Patents

Description

P. S. INGOLDSBY.

DUMP GAR. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1901.

v Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

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F. S. INGOLDSBY.

DUMP GAR.

APrLIoATIoN FILED MAR.18, 1 901.

l ,O46 1 9 1 l Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

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DUMP GAR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1901.

Patented Dec.3, 1912.

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DUMP CAR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1901..

l ,046s l 9 l Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

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Mnes', of? @ge/@JO F. S. INGOLDSBY.

DUMP GAR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 1a, 1901.

1,046,19L v Patented De.s,1912.

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P. s.-ING0LDSBY.

DUMP GAR. 1

APPLICATION FILED 141111.18, 1901.

1,046,191 Patented 1160.3, 1912.

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FRANK S. INGOLDSBY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO THE INGOLDSBY AUTOMATIC CAB COMPANY, -OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, vA CORPORATION OF WESTV VIRGINIA.

DUMP-CAR..

Specification cf Letters Patent.

Application led March 18, 1901. Serial No. 51,658.

Patented Dee. 3, 1912.

To all 'whom it may concern.'

Be it 'known that I, FRANK S. INGoLDsBY, a citizen of the United States, residingat St. Louis, in theState of Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvementlin Dump-Cars, bfvwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawglhe object of the present invention is primarily to provide a metallic dump car, made largely of sheet, steel and rolled forms, c mbodying the dumping principles of my prior patents numbered 551,319, 613,279, and 632,650, granted to me respectively December 10, 1895, November l, 1898, and September 5, 1899. In making such embodiment I have devised many new features which contribute to the eiciency of the car and some of which are adaptable to cars of wooden construction as well as metallic cars. There is therefore no intention in the present case to -limit the invention to metallic cars, ex-

cept inthose claims where it is sovspecitied or necessarily implied. The type of car illustrated in the patents referred to may be described briefly Aas having in its preferable form, inclined end floors, a central longitudinal beam, dumping doors between the central beam and sides hinged at the central `.beam and swinging downward to discharge the load, and interlocking hooks carried by the sidesof the car and engaging with the hooks projecting from the doors to hold the latter in place, a hand or power operated lever to move the hooks to disengage the doors, and suitable mechanism to elevate the doors after they are dropped.

The present invention is concerned, besides the general design and arrangement of the car, with the following features, namely: the trussed sides and center beam of the car; the body bolster and the floor bracing cooperating therewith; the cross bracing; the arrangements of the push pocket to bear on the bolster and protect it; the tight joints at theedges of the doors; the door raising mechanism; and mechanism whereby doors on the same side of the car maybe dropped successively or independently instead of si.- multaneously. It has been my objectv to -endow these features' with cheapness and lightness of construction and elicie'nc in i,car showing the tight joints at the ends of the dumping doors. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan of the car; Fig. 4 is an end view of such car, the right handV half being in vertical section; Fig. 5 is an end view of the body bolster, being a section on the line 5 5 of Fig. l; Fig. 6 is a plan of such bolster; Fi 7 is a vertical longitudinal section tlirougi one of the trusses of the central beam, as indicated by the line 7-7 of Fig. 8. Fig. 8 is a transverse section of the center beam; Fig. 9 is a transverse section showing the toggle mechanism for raising the dumping doorsnthe door being shown in its extreme dumped position in dotted lines. Fig. 10 is a plan of the floor beam; Figs. 11,12 and 13 are cross sections thereof, being taken on the p correspondingly numbered lines of said figure; Figs. 14, 15 and 16 are views of members of the toggle arrangement, Fig. 14 showing the links which are pivoted to the floor beam, Fig. 15 showing the clevis which connects the knuckle of the toggle with they operating chain, and Fig. 16 showing the link connecting with the strut. Fig. 17 is a front elevation ofthe power equalizing drum of the raising mechanism. Fig. 18 is a plan l l of the link for throwing the locking levers, showing its breaking joint which allows one door to be dropped without the other on the same side of the car. Fig. 19 is a side elevation of a portion of-the car showing` this breaking joint; Fig. 20 is an enlarged section through the locking pin of such joint being on the line 20-20 of Figs. 18 and 19. Fig. 21 is a transverse section of the pin.

Center trussf-The central longitudinal beam is really the back-bone of my car, supporting half the load. Its construction is one of the important features of the present invention, 'as it solves the problem of a simple, light and strong beam. This beam consists of a. pair of parallel Pratt trusses braced to each other by suitable bridging and carry-A inga V-shaped sheathing whichconstitutes the upper surface of the beam and carrying also the pivots of the dumping doors and.

the raising mechanism'. This I will now describe, referring particularly to-F-igs. 1, 4,

`7` and 8. Eachof the Pratt trusses A of the central Abeam consists of a series of verti^al castings a a? or a3, (differing according-to the specific requirements of them). but all having at their inner edge the' vertical I ribbed strut a.- The upper chord consists of an inverted channell beam a5 above this strut surmounted by the inverted T-beam a". The vlower chord which is in tension consists of the tie`member a and the lat tie bands a,B a9 au.' The main obliques ar,l2 consists of two fiat members which pass across the ends of the struts a* and leave aspace'between them through which the counters als may also pass in the diagonally opposite direction across f gib the ends ofthe adjacent strut, -this arrange mentbeing'used both at the top and bottom of the truss. All these various members are riveted together, the rivets passing through the ends of the strut a* and through the main obliques and through the top` and bottom" chords of .the truss fastening all securely f 25 lwebs to which are riveted the cross bridging consisting'of the angle bars al a1" (t1B al. Supported on the T-beams .a` at intervals v throughout the length of the trusses are the v center of the car. A longitudinal s sheathing L23 covers the .upper portions of` cross castings y a having their two upper sides coming substantially to an angleat the eet steel these Pratt trusses, and riveted to the casting a2? and to the castings a a2 a, and extends through the inclined ends, being anged upwardly and riveted thereto, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. lThis makes a very light and at the same time strong central beam. 1

'utilize the vertical struts of these Pratt trusses for carrying the hinges ofthe dumping doors and for carrying the raising mechanism, which will be hereinafter eX,- plained in detail, it being suiiicient at this point to state that where simply the doors are hinged to the beam the castings may be of the form indicated by a in Fig. 8; where ,the raising toggles are located the castings are of the'form indicated as a2 in Fig. 4, op-

erating to support the raising shaft.v Intermediately, Where the oor beams occur` but not the toggle mechanism, as at as, the bumper block a2* is provided for receiving the impact of the floor beam, and to reduce the effect of this impact I putisprings on the engaging door t beams. This is indi- 'the box-like form shown, having a .parallel sides whichl are riveted tot e-twov verticalplates B. -The outer sidesv of these cated inFig. 9. The bumper a. and springs p there shown in dotted lines are beyond the Hoor beam which appears, coperating with the succeeding beam. The leaf spring p@ is-secured to the' Hoor beam p by screws p7 taking through slots in the spring.

At eachlend of the Pratt trusses, I attach by suitable rivets the plates B, vwhich are one continuous piece fromv substantially `the point where the inclined floor joins .the main ioor to the end of thevcar. The double object of these plates is to present an easy method of attaching'the draft ri ging of the? cars and to take and distri ute the shocks and strains due to coupling and. un-y coupling or pulling the train, `and also yto help support the'center trusses. The draft plates and themembers al5 stitute continuous draft beams extending from endto end vof the car. These plates are securely riveted to the bolster. whichl I will now proceed to describe.

a64A together con- Fi s. 5 and 6, the body bolster C consists of a at tie plate c, two channel struts c', and a center casting c2, these parts being secured together and the tie plate taking over the top of the casting c2 whilethe struts c abut and are riveted to its sidesat their lower ends. At their outer ends the tie plate o is hooked over the webof the channel struts and riveted thereto. The casting 02 o; air ov castings are also riveted to `the brackets c3 .which support and areriveted lto the upper chord a)5 ae of the central trusses. The T- web` of the beam a is removed where it' passes under the tie plate c'and the space is filled by a filling block c, "and rivetsc7 secure the tie plate,.-tl ie filling block, the

beams' a a", andthe bracket c all rigidly together. By'the construction just described the central beam of the car is secured to the bolsters. n l.

Passing from the end of the car on the outer sides of the plates B, to which and to the end of the frame they are lsecured by suitably flanged plates, are the diagonal braces D which arein the form of I-beams and pass through the space between the tie plate c and the strut c of the bolster, being secured to the car sides by suitably flanged riveted plates at substantially the lower edge of the inclined floor. These beams D serve to distribute the strains from the draft rigging to thesides of the car. Where they pass through' the bolster theyare secured to the plates o andthe channel members ct by means of 'rivets` cs passing throu h suitable distance blocks c". "Thus 'the' diagonal i beam and the castings c make .a rigid strut strut tie between the plate c-and the strut c I do away with the necessity of 'having a separate andindependent strut-tie 1n the bolster at this point, and this saves so much weight in material in the car; second, this4 member D beingthus tied at its middle is practically speaking twice as stili and strong as it would be if it were not so tied. Additional parts of the bolster are the slde bearings cn, which are conveniently so placed that they are carried by the same y rivets vwhich secure the channels c' to the I-beams D, and the center bearing 012 carried by the casting c2 as a fundamental part of it. The king bolt 018 passes through the center of this bearing. The design of this bolster` is such that it combines great strength and lightness. y l

By providing the heavy diagonal beams D D, I decrease the liability of the car to become crippled in a wreck, for in the event of an end to end collision the corners of the car could be smashed in or even broken olf without putting the car out of service, while in such wreck these corner beams would serve to protect the.- diagonal beams, and the latter in turn would form horizontal inclined fenders protecting the bolster. Likewise the car-body is fendered vertically by the inclined members a7 of the Pratt trusses, which, in the event of a wreck loosening the body bolster from the truck, would ride up on the truck instead of plowing thro-ugh it. These are important features.

A The center truss arrangement and the bolster Which I have described and which the drawings show as vembodied in a steel car are adapted to be applied to wooden cars -without substantial alteration, the bolster all steel cars.

-is designed with it in mind being simply made a little shorter in length so as not to project beyond the wooden sides of the car, I can thus with my construction build a car V,which is part steel and partwood, that is, the under framing being of steel and the superstructure of wood. For certain kinds of service, such class of car is a valuable one, and the present invention as well as for Side Vt1fu.S'. c.s'.-I will now describe the trussed car-side, the two being just alike.v This side truss E as shown consists of sheet metal plates which may be either one piece from end to end of the car or in several pieces riveted together. The latter is the form shown, the pieces Ybeing joined by a double butt joint e. The top chord of this truss consists of the members e2 es, and the bottom chord the members e4 es es. There are also a pair of main struts e", intermediate struts es, and end struts e". The members e2 e3 and e4 are angle sections, preferably bulb-angles as shown, the member e is an obtuse angle section, the members e and e9 are channel sections, the member e? is an I-beam section and e8 vare angle sections. This car side acts as a Howe truss,`the-top vbeing in compression, the bottom in tension,

the main load passing down the strut c" to the bolster and down the diagonal struts es to the lower chord and the plate e acting both as ties and counters. I have so designed the side however that it will resist thelstrains due to the outward pressure of the load in the car without the necessity of putting chains or other tie members across the'top of the car. This is an' important feature and is accomplished in the following manner: The main strut e7 is fastened securely at or about its center to a cross tie J of angle section which extends across the car from side to side just beneath the slop ing end oor, and is fastened to the main strut on the other side of the car. Now the foot of the main strut being securely fastened to the bolster it is well heeled at that point,`henceythat part of the main strut which is between the bolster and the tie J is rigidly heldin place and therefore the remaining part of the strut e7 acts as a beam fixed at one end and presents a strong resistance to any lateral pressure coming upon it. Thus this'main strut e1, besides acting as a strut to carry the load to the bolster, also acts as a cantaliver to resist the outward pressure of the load. Now the other members of the side truss which are the main ones to resist this outward pressure of t-he load are the bulb angle beams e2 e3, the span of which is materially reduced owing to the fact that the strut e7 is inclined toward the transverse center of the car and therefore the beams e2 c3 need only span such distance as is between the upper ends of these struts, wherefore they are better able to resistthe strain. Moreover, I extend e2 beyond the strut e7 and rigidly secure it to the strut e7 by the angle clip cl2 riveted to the strut and the beam e2, and at the end of the car to the cross channel beam F. This makes the beam e2 fixed at its ends, wherefore, according to a well known principle of mechanics, it is between the struts e7 much stronger and stiiier than if it were simply supported at its ends, its weak point being dueto a shearing strain coming at the strut c7. The beam e3 however is simply supported at its end and its weakest point is at the middle, wherefore a more uniform resistance to the pressure due to the outward bulge of the load is obtained. The member c4 also acts as a beam supported at each end and does its part toward resisting the outward bulge of the load, and besides performing this function it in connection with the main strut e7 forms a guard for the protection of the locking'mechanism beneath it which holds the doors in place. This last feature is a very important one as it sometimes happens that cars in 'transit come in contact with obstructions, such as the open door of a box car on a siding or projecting planks on' a lumber car, which might damage the locking mechanism or e', en break it, so that the car Would be dumped and the contents scattered or lost. With the overhanging beam A e4 however protecting this mechanism, such possibilityA is reduced to a minimum.

l To resist the tension which is alongtheA bottom of the car side, I provide the channel member e6 extending from theend 'of the car and securely rivetit to the plate e,

and overlapping both is the member e5 Securely riveted to both the platey e .and 'the' The member e5 which` L is an obtuse angle section not only helps the:

channel member e".

plate e to resist the tension but its lower part acts as a bevel against which the corresponding bevel of the doors engage, as hereinafter explained.

From another point of view it is evident that the side of the lcar composed of the plate or web c bounded by the members e2, e5, 6 and e9 may be considered asa-girder having applied thereto a truss-composedof the members e8, e* and c7; Of the girder, the

members e5 and e constitute the tension chordand the members e2 and e the com` pression chord; of the truss, the member 1e* constitutes the tension chord, the members e and e7 the compression chord, the members e8 the struts or braces, andthe plate e the ties between said struts or braces.

pressure by introducing in the center of the' car a-gusset member Gr which 'I prefer to make cfa deck beam section. This member v or post G is made to act as a cantaliver b having secured to it the tie rod H whici extends entirely across the car and is secured in a like manner to the opposite post Gr. ,This post Gr is heeled at its lower end by the strap G2 which in turn is securely fastened to the side ofthe car. To further strengthen and stiii'en this' heeling -of the post'G and to cover'and protect theptie .rod

H and at the same time to form ay sloping cross beam at the transverse center of the car, Iintroduce the inverted lV-sha d plate H which I securely fasten both to y e/longi-V tudinal center member of the car and to the sides, and I `further strengthen this plate 1-I by the-ties z. crosswise of the plate and securedl to it andthe ties 71,2 lengthwise of the plate and extending across thejcentral beam.

The two sides and thecenter member of .the car are tied together across the car at the` ends by the following members: on the .top by the beam F which is preferably of a channel section and is fastened to the upper end `of the sloping ends K of the car. The

-sloping ends are secured tothe central beam byhaving the' sheet-covering of that beam riveted to the sloping end floor, all rivets being countersunk in their upper surface' where they are exposed tothe load, and the laps or joints being on the under side of the sloping floor;

by the bolster; next at the lower edge ,of the slopin floor K, by the cross beam M (which Iv pre er; to -make of a bulb angle section),

land inally'the rsides are tied together at the centerof the car bythe plates H andthe ties h2 land the tie rod H as already explained. It will thus be seen that the central'longitudinal beamV is secured to the central cross beam, the'ends of which cross beam are connected to the sides, and tothe bolstcrs, which in turn are secured to the car sides.

, The tie' beamv J across the car not only acts as atie to hold the mainstruts e7 together, 'but also acts as an intermediate support for the sloping Hoor', and in order to help the tie J to act as such ioor support I introduce the posts N as braces to stiften said tie-beam In addition to the lateral stiiening afforded by the sloping endsK, I

rovide the diagonal strut-ties O leading. rom the beam F'diagonally downward to the ends of the bolster. f

Y Push ost pocket.-It willv be observed that the bolster C extends beyond the channel members e which form the extreme end of the car sides, this arrangement being so that the main strut e7 may rest ont-he end of the bolster. Now this providesan osetv which might be struck and damaged by somethin in running, Wherefore I provide on this o set the bracket Yx which is formed as shown having strengthening webs and a hollow dish-shaped cavity y. This casting from its sloping exterior surface acts as a fender to protect the projecting end of the The car sidesare tied together at the bot' l `tom'irst by the end sill L of the scar; next bolster and by its cavity it makes a'convenient pocket in which to place the end of the push post used in moving cars on one track by the train or engine moving along the adjacent track.

Tight 'door joints-The Vdumping doors are indicated by lIP. They maybe of wood, or of sheet steel as shown in the drawing.

In either event they are supported by suitable floor beams p'which are hinged at their inner vends to the vcastings a a2 or a3 of the central trusses, andat their outer ends inbeam, the result of which is that a wider door may be employed and -henc'e v more -eective dumping obtained. `In orderl to secure a perfectly tight joint along this inner edge, the floor plate P is turned up .ona bevel p2 adaptedto .substantially con.

tact with the inner .side ofthe sheathing plate 0,23. The upper edge of this bevel is near enough to the horizontal plane-through the axis of the pivot so tbatpthe upper edge does not swing materially outward when the 20 door drops, and hence may be caused to prelserve a very snug fit against the inner edge of the sheathing plate when the door is in its elevated position.. The ends of the door .are similarly turned up on bevels p3 (Fig.

the inclined floor or the cross beam H.

The above arrangement makes a very tight joint,-no material is allowed to escape or leak out when the doors are closed, and when the doors drop to dump there is no ledge along the hinged edges of the door for the lodgment of material, theA inner edge of the door being always beneathand'thus protected by the lower edge of the sheathing 123.

D007' raising meczcmsm.-The door rais- .ing mechanism is best shown in Figs. 4, and 10 vto 17 inclusive. y It consists in its general characteristics of a toggle provided by links R and R2, the former of which is pivoted to one of the struts a', a2 or a3, and the latter of which is pivoted to a door beam 1i, theV clevis R, and a rotatable shaft R3 and a chain adapted to be wound up by such rotation and tend to straighten out the toggle. Describing it more specifically, the link R is formed Aas shown in Fig. 16. The links R2 consist ofl -apair of rods which take outside of the link R being connected by the of the form shown in Figs. 10 to 13. Near its ends it is of channel section and at its center of an I-beam section while intermediately it is a composite section. The bars R2 take around the lower web vof the I-beam part and have bosses which extend above the same and bear against suitable bosses p4 which are carried by the floor beam on the sides of the web p5. Thechain R7 is connected with the knuckle pin R5 by the clevis member R pivoted on that pin and to which the chain is adjustably securedvby a screw-threaded eye 1' locked by nutsr r2, as appears in Fig. 15. The operating shaft R3 is journaled in the 2). which takebehind theextreme edges of,

pivot bolt R5. Theloor beam is preferably.

.the power `equalizer R which is simply the drum made in the f orm of a cam-shape.`

By properly forming the curve of this cam I equalize the power required to rotate the shaft, the cam operating with the greatest leverage when the toggle joint has the least, and-fvlee versa.l This cam drum also-acts as a stop or collar keeping the lshaft R3 in a a which support that shaft; it is secured tothe shaft by the U-bolt 1@ whichv alsoV secures the chain.

i -Tli'e shaft R3 is shown as hollow thoughit maybe made otherwise. Itis shown `as operated by the 'dia onal shaft S gearedv with it and rotated y the crank Si suitably geared to it. rThis crank is disengaged by the'push rodk T when the operating lever U is thrown, this lever through the link-V swinging thehooks W as explained in my prior patents referred to.

By maln'ng/a flexible connection between the operating shaftand the mechanism for raising each door, as by the chain R", I allow any door to be dropped independently of the others, whereby whenfour doors are employed a quarter vof the total load may be discharged singly if desired; or by cutting the door in two in the middle this toggle arrangement would allow me tol drop one half of the door at each time, thus discharging one-eighth of the total load in 'place by being located between the bearings the car.; the dotted line p8 across the door in Fig. 3 indicatesthis possible severance of the door. This feature is very useful ywhere bins into which the cars are to dump have small openings. 'For instance, a bin might have an opening only six .feet long, whereas the total opening in the bottom of the car may be over twenty feet. Thus if the whole side dumped at once it would be impossible to discharge properly into that small bin, while by letting down the floor five or six feet at a time for example, and then bringing upv the succeeding section the bin could be properly filled. Moreover, small quantities of material could be deposited along the track where needed for some light repair work without the necessity of dischargin`g half of the load. "This arrangement also permits the car being pocketed inside if desired. Irrespective of these advantages the toggle has advantages of its own in that it gives more power, puts the point of aplication of the power farther out on the` oor, renders the erection or maintenance of the cars easy and simple and does away ivithv of cutting up into 'the center the necessity member of the car. v l There is another advantage 1n m toggle raising mechanism in that' 1t 1s i h up underneath the car and is rotected y the Pratt trusses. .For examp e, `in the event of a wreck breaking the truck from the body bolster, thev inclined ends a,7 of the Pratt' trusses act as-deecting fenders and cause the trusses .to ride over the loosened truck preserving the toggle mechanism from injury. This is an-important feature as 1t renders theliability of damage to the raising mechanism in such case much less than it otherwise would be. f

Breaking joint -of releasing link- It 1s obvious that in order to drop one door, `or.

one half-cf onedoor, independentl it is necessary to `provide means where y the locking lever U may release but one or sind doors orparts of a door. To .conveniently accomplish this I make the link V 1n as many sections as there a-re'doors or separated half doors, as the case may be, and providemeans for connecting and d1scon necting these. This is clearly illustrated 1n Figs. 18 and 19.

The link V consists of two or more alined angle irons u /v as shown,'the locking levers Q, being pivoted to them. Now between the locking levers which are at the adjacent ends of the doors these 'links are separated but are connected in service by the bell crank arms V and V2 which are pivoted to the links and pivotedto each other near the extremity of their bell crank arms. A pair of holes v2 are made at the bend in these bell cranks which aline when the long arms are parallel with the links, and a pin V is inserted -through these alined holes, thus rigidly in the car, vas thecase may be, the spring detent v3 is forced by the iinger toward the pin and the pin withdrawn. from the holes 'vz and is placed in the alined holes of the bracket v5 carried .by the side of the car and the inturned lend fu ofthe link 'v'. With the parts in this4 position the link lu' is securely Vheld against displacement, while if the leverU is thrown the arms V' V2 simply buckle allowing the link 'v to move but not the link n', wherefore the parts assume the positionI shown in dotted lines in Fi 19,

and only the door or doors at the left o that figure are dropped. Thus it is possible to pair of` trusses, the upper edges'of tA e trusses'. resenting an incline, fillmg blocks cont 1nu.

lng said incline, and a sheet metal sheathin Aof an inverted V-sha e supported by sai filling blocks, substantlally las described.

2. In a dump car, an interior longitudinal beam including a truss with verticalstruts combined with a dumping door hinged to the vertical struts of said truss, substantially as described.

3. In a dumping car, a truss comprising alongitudinal beam and havin vertical struts combined with a dumping oor hinged to said struts, substantially as described. v

' 4. In a dump car, a beam includin a truss j,

having vertical struts, a pivoted um ing door, and means for raising the-door w ich is carried by the vertical struts of said truss, substantially as described. f

5. In a dumping car, a truss having vertical struts,` a .pivoted dumping doorand means `for raising the door carriedb the vert-ical struts of said truss, substantia ly as described. Y

6. In a dump car, a beam comprising 'a pair of trusses having vertical struts rigidly braced together, and a sheathing carried thereby, combined with dumping doors hinged to the vertical struts of said' trusses, substantially as described. p'

7. In a dump car, a pair of trusses having vertical struts the upper edge of the struts being inclined, combined with an inclined' sheathing carried by said edge, and dumping doors hinged to said struts, substantially as described,

8. In a dumping car, a pair of -trusses having- Vertical struts, the upperedge of the struts being inclined, combined with anjnclined sheathing carried by said edge, substantially as described.

9. In a dump car, a .beam comprising a pair of trusses rigidly braced together, the

trusses having vertical. struts, a portion of' which is a vertical post and a portion laterally projecting, and a dumpin door pivoted to scribed. 10. In a dump car, the combination ofA a beam comprising a pair of trusses which in clude vertlcal struts, obliques hooking over 1115 Asaid projecting portion, su stantially as dethe center of the beam, substantially as def scribed.

13. In a dump car, a beam including a truss which has a longitudinally flanged member for its upper chord, vertical castings for its struts, and flat bands for its lower chord, said llat bands being riveted i upon each other and increasing in number toward the center of the car, substantially as p described.

14. In a dump car, a car side having an upper chord consisting of a through beam fixed at its ends, and a short beam supported at its ends, combined with a lower chord and i struts, substantially as described.

15. A car side having a pair of main struts inclimng toward the transverse center of the car from the bolster, a double upper chord,

one member of which terminates at said strut, and the other member of which continues beyond said'strut and is there secured substantially as described.

16. In a dumpcar, the combination with the side of the car, and door releasing mechanism carried by said side near its lower edge, of a projecting beam secured to the car side above such mechanism, substantially as described.

17. In a dump car, the .combination with the side of the car, an angle plate extending along the car side at its lower edge, a dumping door adapted to engage sa1d late, a door-releasing mechanism carried y said side near its lower edge, and a beam secured to the side and projecting outwardly beyond said angle plate and said door releasing mechanism, substantiall as described.

18. In a dump car', t ecombination with the side of the car, of an angle plate secured to the lower edge of the side andhaving an outwardly project-in flange, a pivoted dumping door, the ree edge of which is adapted to extend outwardly beneath the said flange, and means for forcing said door snugly against Asaid flange, substantially as described.

19. In a dump car, the combinationy with the side of the car, of an angle plate secured to the lower edge of the sideand having an outwardly projectin flange, a pivot/ed dumping door, the ree edge of which is adapted to extend outwardly beneath the said flange, and a beam secured -to the sidef above said an le plate and projecting outf wardly beyon the same:

20.A In a dump car, 1n combination, the

bolster, a strut at the side' footing on saidl bolster, ya longitudinal beam on the outer side of the car Vsecured to said strut, and

dumping mechanism on the side of the car near and protected by said beam, substantially as described.

21. In a dump car having a trussedmetallic side, a lower chord for said side consisting -of an obtuse angle plate extending along the car` at its lower edge, combined with a dumping door adapted to engage said plate, substantially as described.

22. A dumping car having a trussed metallic'side provided with a lower chord consisting of an angle plate extending along the-car at its lower edge, combined with a dumping door adapted to engage said plate, substantially as described.

23. In a dump car, a body bolster having a central frane and compression and tension members secured thereto, combined with a longitudinal beam having a truss the upper chord of which passes through the bolster in proximity to the outer side of the central frame and the under side of the tension member and is secured to each of said members, substantially as described.

24. In a dump car, a body bolster having a central frame, and tension members se-. cured thereto, combined with a longitudinal beam having a truss, a bracket carried by the outer side of said central frame, the upper chord of the truss being secured to said bracket, substantially as described.'-

25. In a dump car, a body bolster having a lower compression member and an upper tension member, combined with a diagonal beam extending from the end of the car to the side and passing between said members of the bolster and there secured, substantially as described.

26. In a dump car, a body bolster having a central frame and compression and tension members carried thereby, a pair of plates leading from the central frame to the end of the car, a pair of diagonal braces secured at the end of the car on opposite sides of said plates, said braces leading to the sides ofthe car and there secured and intermediately passing between the tension and compression members of the bolster and there secured to their, substantially as described,

27. In a dumping car, a body bolster havfrom the endl to the side of the car and passing through the bolsterbetween said members, filling blocks on the upper and-'under diagonal beam and the tension andfcom-` 'pression members ofthe bolster together,

substantially as described.

29.` In a dump car, a body bolster having a lower channel-shaped compression member, andan upper tension' member, com-,f

bined with adiagonal brace beam extending from the end to the side of the car and passing through the bolster between said memf bers, filling blocks on the upper and under tance betweenv said members, and rivets or substantially as described.

30. In a dump car, in combination, trussed sides, a central longitudinal beam, a central cross-beam, a gusset member on the inner side of the car secured to such sides andtof such central beam,l substantially as .de-f

scribed.

31. In a car, in combination with the sides of said car, a cross beam uniting said sides,

aA gusset memberv consisting `of a beam vse-j cured to one side of: the car and-projecting transversely therefrom, anda strap secured to such side and embracing the heel of said.

member, substantiallyas described.

.32. In a dumpingcar, the combination of the side of said car, a gusset member attached to said side and having its heel se-y cured to the lower portion thereof, andI a tie rod secured at one end to said gusset' member above the heel and at the otherV end to the opposite side of said car, substan-' tially as described. v33. In a Vdump car, the combination of 'the' sides of said car, gusset members at.-

tached thereto, a cross beam secured to 'said' gusset members, and' a tie rod extendingf through said cross beamandsecured tothe lower edges of said gusset members, substantially as describedl 34. In a dump car', a beam consisting of an inverted V-shaped plate, and a tie vrod^be,

neath said plate at the angle thereof, substant-ially as described. A 35. In a dump car, a cross-beam including an inverted V-shaped plate secured tothe car side, and straps securing togetherv the plate, substantially as described. v

36. In a dump car, in combination, a cen-l tral longitudinal beam, a cross beam inter-l cepted thereby, said cross-beam havinga-tie g rod passing through-the longitudinal beam,

and inverted VLShaped 'plates passing over the tie rod on lopposite sides of the longitudinal beam and secured to it, substantially `as described.

diagonal brace to fill the dis 37. Ina dump car, the combination with [floor framing, -of` a bolster extending be- "Hyondf the framing,"l and a push pocket se.-

"cured to the framing and the bolster at such point,-`substantially as described.

' 38. In' l"a dump car, side trusses having vstruts on rtheir outer sides, a bodybolster on which said struts seat, beans continuing the lower Vchords of the side trusses beyond said fleeting members located in the angle between ksaidV beams and the bolster and carrying push pockets, substantially as described. 39. In al dump car, the combination with a- 'beam having a downward projecting sheath, of a dumping door hinged to said v.beam and having an upturned edge taking fbehind said sheath, substantially as described.

40. In a dumping car, a hollow metallic beam having a downwardly inclined sheath and strut members for supporting it, combined with a door pivoted to such strut members beneath said sheath, substantially as described.

l415. In a dump car, a hollow metallic beam strut 'members for supporting it, combined with. a door beam pivoted to oneof said Vstrut .members beneath said sheath, and a floor carried vby said floor beam and having an edge adapted to lie behind said sheath, substantially' as described.

42. In a dump car, a ybeam having a ydownwardly inclined sheath, and strut members -for supporting it, combined with a ioor beam 'pivoted to such strut member beneath said sheath, and a 'door carried by said floor beam and having an upwardly f inclined edge adapted to lie behind said sheath, substantially as described.

43. In -av dump car, a dumping door hava sheetmetal oor plate, an obtuse an- 'gle- Stripsecured thereto at the free edge thereof, combined with a car side and a'co- 'operating metallic obtuse angle strip car- Tied. by it, substantially as described. 44. In a dump car, a side having secured at the lower rportion thereof a beam of obtuse angle section, locking levers pivoted to the' saidy beam, combined with a dumping door having at'its free edge an obtuse angle cooperating with said beam, substantially as described.` v

- 45. In a dump car, a trussed lmetallic side .whose lower chord includes a tie of obtuse angle section riveted to the side and projecting below it, locking levers pivoted to the car side on the outer side of said tie, combined with a hinged dumping door having at its free edge an obtuse angle coper- `ating with said tie, and projections carried by said door with which said levers may engage, substantially as described.

bolster, which beams are secured on the in- 'ner'sides vof said struts, combined with de2-- having a downwardly inclined sheath and 46. The combination of a beam, a door pivoted thereto, a pair of toggle links jointed together, a shaft longitudinal of the beam, a flexible connection between the shaft and the joint of the toggle, one of the free ends of the toggle being connected with the licor, and members on the under side of said beam carrying said shaft and having the other free end of said toggle connected to them, substantially as described.

47. In a dump car, the combination of a beam, a vertical strut. member carried therewith, a pivoted door, a pair of toggle links connected together by a knuckle ]oint and pivoted at their opposite e'nds one to the strut casting, and the other to the door, a shaft and a flexible connection between it and the toggle, substantially as described.

48. In a dump car, the combination of'a beam, a strut carried thereby, a closure for the bottom of said car, a toggle lever, one end of which is pivoted to the strut and the other to the closure, and means for operating said toggle lever, substantially as described. l l.

49. In a dump car, the combination of a longitudinal beam including a truss having vertical struts, a door pivoted to a vertical strut of said beam, a pair of connected toggle links pivoted one to the door and the other tothe strut, a shaft carried by said strut, and a connection between it and the knuckle of the toggle, substantially as described.

50. The combination wit-ha vertical strut carrying an upper sheath, a dumpingv door pivoted tc said strut and coperating with said sheathing, a pair of toggle links connected together and pivoted at oppositeends to the door and the strutrespectively, a shaft journaled in said strut, a chain secured to said shaft and connected to the knuckle of the toggle, substantially as described.

l. In a dump car, in combination, a beam carrying a strut, a floor beam hinged thereto, said floor beam having vertical webs, a toggle connecting said strut and iioor beam, the upper member of said toggle consisting of two links taking on to opposite sides of a web of the floor beam, and means for straightening out said toggle, substantially as described. v

52. In a dump car, in combination, a beam, a dumping door hinged thereto and adapted to be closed when substantially horizontal, a toggle for raising the door and including two joined members, one secured to the under side of the door and the other to a depending part of said beam, a shaft carried by the beam, and a chain secured to the shaft and connected with the knuckle of the toggle, substantially as described.

53. 'In a' dump car, in combination, a

dumping door, a toggle for operating the same consisting of a pair of members, a pin connection between the members, aclevis connected with the pin, and means for straightening the toggle, said means being adjustably connected with said clevis, substantially as described.

54. In a dump car, the combination of a door, a toggle for operating the same, a shaft having thereon an eccentricdrum, and means connecting said drum and the toggle, the arrangement of the parts being such that the maximum power of the drum is exerted when the power exerted by the toggle is at the minimum and the minimum power of the drum is exerted when the power exerted b the toggle is at the maximum, substantie ly as described.

55. In a dump car, the combination of a door, a toggle for closing the same, a shaft for operating the toggle, a longitudinal beam `having a strut pivoting the fixed end of the toggle and the'shaft, and a connection between said shaft and the toggle, substantially as described.

56. In a dump car, in combination, a

dumping door, a toggle for raising the dumping door consistin of an inner link and a pair of outer linls connected therewith by a knuckle pin, one of said links being connected with the door and the other with a stationary part, and a clevis connected with the knuckle pin between the inner link and the two outer links, a chain for straight-- ening said toggle, said chain being adjustably connected by a screw threaded eye with said. clevis, and means for-drawing in the chain, substantially as described.

' 57. In a dump car, the combination of a beam carrying a vertical strut, a shaft journaled therein, a door hinged to said beam, a toggle connected tothe door and the strut, an eccentric drum on the shaft, and a chain leading from said drum to the toggle, substantially as described.

58. In a dump car, the combination of a beam carrying a vertical strut, a shaft journaled therein, a drum on said shaft between bearings on the strut whereby the drum operates also ,as a set collar, the periphery of said drum being eccentric or cam-like, a toggle mechanism for raising the doorand a flexible connection between its knuckle and the periphery of the drum, substantially as described.

59. In a dump car, in combination, a. pivoted dumpin door, a toggle for raising the same, a sha for operating the toggle, a drum on said shaft, a chain leading from said drum to the toggle, and a bolt securing at once t-he'chain to the drum and the drum to the shaft, substantially as described.

60. In a dump car, in combination, dumpv ing doors, locking mechanism therefor, means for throwing said locking mechanism v throwing the loc 'ng levers, and a breakingv joint in said link between the consecutive doors, substantially as described.

ving doors,

simultaneously for consecutive doors, and means for interruptin the throwing mechanism, whereby one oor may be released without th release of the other .adjacent thereto, substantially as described'.

61. In a dump car, in combination, ing doors, lockin levers therefor, a link for 62. In a dump car, in combination, dumplocking members, alink for throwing them, said link being broken between the dumping doors, a pair of bell crank arms pivoted at opposite ends to the consecutive parts of the links, and pivoted together, and means for holding said arms substantially in alinement or allowing them to buckle,

substantially as described.

63. Ina dump car, in combination,`dump ing doors, means for holding the same closed,

means for throwing said door-closing means comprising a sectional link and a disconnecting means between-the sections of said link whereby less than the whole number of doors may be operated by said links, substantially as described. j 64. In a dump car, in combination, dumping doors, locking levers for holding the same elevated, a link for throwing said levers, said link being in sections connected by .a broken joint between consecutive doors, means for connecting said broken joint, and

' means for supporting the farther sect-ion of made in sections, a pin for connecting said sections, and a spring detent carried by said pin for retaining it in locked position, substantially as described.

67. In a dump car, the combination of dumping doors, bumpers for receiving. the impact thereof, and springs for resisting such impact, substantially as described. I

68. In a dump car, the combination of a hinged floor beam, a leaf spring carried thereby in its under side, -and a rigid bumper with which said spring may enga e when the floor beam swings downward, su stantially as described.

69. In a dump car, a longitudinal beam having a truss, dumping doors hinged to said beam, toggle raising mechanism for dumpsaid door which raising mechanism is carried by thedoor, andtruss, and when the door is raised, is entirely vabove .the lower edge of the truss and is protected thereby, substantially as described.

70. In a dump car, a long1tud1nal .beam composed of trusses,

bined with toggle raising mechanism carried by the struts of the trusses above the lower chords, substantially as described.

the lower chords of lwhich incline upward at their ends, com- J71. In a car, a side supporting structure composed of a plate-girder having a compression flange, any additional horizontal compression member secured to the side plate of the girder below said iange, and an lnclined member secured to the car side and leading from the end of said horiaontal member diagonally downward to the lower edge of theside.

72..'In a car, a side supporting structure composed of -a plate-girder having a tension flange, and an vadditional tension chord secured to the outer side of said side independent of said ange.

73. In a car, a side composed of a plategirder having -tension and compression flanges and a reinforcing structure having tenslon and compression chords independent of the flanges of said plate-girder.

74. In a steel car, a girder side'having a plate with a compression chord extending along its upper edge, a strengthening member extending along the side of thel car near itsupper edge for a distance -intermediate of the ends of the car, diagonal strengthening members secured to the car sides and extending from the ends of such strengthening member downward substantially to the lower edge of the side.

75. In a steel car, a plate-girder side having compression and tension chords along its upper and lower edges, an additional compression chord near the upper edge, an additional tension chord near the lower edge and a diagonal brace riveted to the car side between said additional chords.

7 6.l In a steel car, a plate-girder side having top and bottom chords, a pair of strengthening members secured to the side,

one near the upper chord and thev other near necting the ends of said two additional strengthening members.v

77. The combination, in a 4steel car, of a plate-girder side having upper and lower chords, an additional strengthening structure 'secured to the outer side of the girder and including a compression chord leading diagonally upward near the ends of the car and extending horizontally at the center portion of the car and a tension chord extending horizontally throughout its length, and an inclined brace riveted to the side of floors, the combination ofv holsters beneath.

said end floors, longitudinal members extending from bolster to bolster through the inclined floor, a longitudinal plate secured to the tops of said members intermediate of 4 their ends and having its end portions extending through openings in the inclined end floors and secured to the under side thereof.

79. In a steel car body, the combination with the side plates, of angle plates or bars running along and riveted to thebottom of said plates, a le of the angle beinginclined downwardly, su stantially as described.

80. yIn a dump car, the combination with a .side of the car, of an angle dplate extending alon lthe lower edge o f sai side, a central longitudinal beam, and a door extending between said beam and the lower portion of the car side, said door being provided at its free edge with an angle plate, substantially as described.

81. In a dump car, a dumping door hav,

ing an angle plate secured thereto at its free edge, combined with a car side having an angle plate carried at its lower edge, against which the free edge of said door 1s adapted to close, substantially as described.

'82. In a dump car, the combination with a side of the car of an angle plate extending along the lower edge of said side, a central longitudinal beam, a door extending between said beam and the lower portion of the cary side, said door being provided at its free edge with an angle plate, and means for forcing said door closed with its free edge in contact with the angle plate on the side, substantially as described.

83. In a. car, a pair of longitudinal members havin each a vertical flange and an inwardly directed horizontal flange, a ridge plate thereabove, and transverse members carried by said longitudinal members and supporting said ridge plate, said transverse members having horizontal portions engaging the horizontal flanges of the longitudinal members and vertical portions engagin the verticalfianges of said members.

84. n a car, a pair of longitudinal mem bers, each comprising an inverted T-beam, a ridge plate thereabove and transverse members resting on the inwardly directed flanges ofsaid T-beams, said transverse members having at each end a vertical portion en gaging the vertical flange of the T-bea-m, thtF upper surface of each of said members intermediate said vertical ortions being shaped to engage said ridge p ate;

85. In adump car, the combination of a pair of longitudinal members, transverse members extending above and connecting the upper portions of said longitudinal members, Vlateral members projecting'from said longitudinal members, a ridge plate supported by said transverse members, and doors hinged to said lateral members, substantially as described.

86. In a car, the combination, with the sides, of a longitudinal ridge, a transverse ridge extending from each side to the longitudinal ridge and there suitably secured, and tie members connecting the inner ends of said transverse ridge'and extending across the plane of said longitudinal ridge.

87. In a car, the combination, with the sides, of a longitudinal member, a transverse member extending from each side to the longitudinal member and there suitably secured, and a tie connecting the inner ends of said transverse member and extending across theplane of said longitudinal mem- 88. In a car, the combination of sides, a ridge shaped hollow member` extending transversely of said car and between the sides thereof, and a transverse tie rod for said sides located in and protected by said hollow member.

89. In a dump car, a door-way having at the edge thereof a flange making with the plane of the'door-way an obtuse angle, combined with a door having at its free ed e a coperating flange making an obtuse ang e with the lane of the door.

90. A ump car, having in its bottom a door-way provided at an edge thereof with a flange making an obtuse angle with theplane of the doorway, combined with a door hinged to the edge of said kdoor-way opposite said flange and provided at its free edge with a corresponding flange making an obtuse angle with the plane of the door.

91. In acar, the combination of end sills, body bolsters, longitudinal center members having an inverted V-shaped hood and connected to said holsters, and draft members' extending from said end sills to said holsters arid connected with said bolsters and end si ls. i

92. In a car, the combination of a plategirder side having a flanged strengthening member at the upper edge thereof, a flanged strengthening member at the lower edge thereof, a pair of inclined struts extending from the lower portion of said side to the upper strengthening member, and an additional strengthening member parallel with and near said upper strengthening member and bounded by said struts.

93. In a metallic car, in combination, a plate-girder side comprising a plate with flanged upper and lower chords, struts held against said side and terminating at their upper and lower ends at said upper and lower chords respectively, and an additional at said struts and intermediately held.

against the car side. 0

94.y In a steel car, a g1rder side having a plate with a compression chord extending along its upper edge, an additional strength-l member in addition to the upper vchord of the girder held-to the side of the car between, said struts adjacent to such upper chord.

96. A steel car, having a plate-girder side and a plurality of strengthening members extending along the same near its upper edge,'the upper one of said strengthening members continuing to the end of the car, bolsters, struts rising lfromvthe ends of the bolsters to the upper strengthening member, the lower one of said strengthening members terminating at said struts.

97 In a steel car, a girder side comprising a plate and strengthening members along the upper and lower edges thereof, and end struts adjacent to the upper ends of which said upper members are secured, combined with intermediate struts secured to said plate'and extending to the upper member and secured to it, and an additional strengthening member parallel with and near said upper member and in compression and secured at its ends to said intermediate struts, whereby the ,upper member is anchored at four points, and the additional member at two points, thus diderently apportioning the strains.

98. A steel car, having a plate-girder side including upper and lower chords, a bolster,

a strut rising from the end of the bolster,y

and an additional compression member. extending between said struts parallel with the compression chord.

99. A steel car having a plate-girder side, f

a strengthening member secured to and extending along the top of said side from one end of the car to the other, a shorter strengthening member secured to the side below the member mentioned, and a member secured to the car side and leading downward from said'shorter member to the bolster.

1100. A steel car having a plate-girder side, a plurality of strengthening members secured to and extending along the top of said side, one beneath the other, the upper member extending to the end of the car and the lower member terminating short thereof,`

the bolster beneath its tension member and secured to such tension member.

102. In a car, the combination of a pair 'of bolsters, a longitudinal central member extending between said bolsters, said member comprising upper and lower chords of commercially rolled shapes, the lower chord being reinforced, and means for securing the ends of the lower-'chord to the upper chord and for securing both the upper chord and the lower chord to the bolsters. 103. In a car, the combination of a pair of bolsters, a central longitudinal truss, the upper member of which extends between the bolsters on a level therewith and the lower member of which extends diagonally downwardly at its ends from said bolsters and is parallel with said upper member intermediate of such diagonal portions, and struts spacing said members apart. I,

104. In a car, thecombination of a pair of bolsters, a pair of central longitudinal members extending between said bolsters,

connecting the ends of the llower shapes to the bolsters and to the upper shapes.

105. In a car, the combination of a pair of bolsters, a central longitudinal truss extending between said bolsters, said truss comprising an upper metallic chord, a lower metallic chord, struts betweensaid chords, the ends of said chords being brought together and passing jointly' into the bolster, and rivets connecting both chords with the bolster. v

106. In a car, the combination of sides, a hollow member extending'transversely of said carand between the sides and a tie yrod extending through such hollow member and connected with the sides.

107. In a car, the combination of sides, a transverse ridge-shaped memberl secured to car side, and a tie rod beneath such ridge.

108. In a steel car, the combination with bolsters having central frames and tension straps surmounting them, of a longitudinal l floorsand passing through s uch oors and l flanged onto the'under surface o the same.

110. The combination witha side wall of a car, of valower side sill including in 4its construction three structural shapes, the intermediate shape being secured to the outer face of the side wall. and located only at such portion of the car and the other two shapes beingsecured to the inner face of the side wall and located only at the end portions.

111.2The combination with a side wall 'of a car, of a side sill including in its construction two oppositely disposed structural shapes, one being secured to the inner face of the side wall andthe other to the outer face thereof, one of said shapes being located at an intermediate p ortlon only and the other adjacent to the end portion only.

112. A- car body having a plate-girder side whose lower ychord is on the inner side of the girder near the ends of the car'and on the outer side of the girder at an intermediate portion of the car.

113. In a dump car, the combination of a plate-girder side whose'lower chord near the ends of the side is secured to the inner side of the plate and intermediately of the ends secured to the outer side of the plate, and a dumping door adapted to abut the intermediate portion of the chord.

114.- A car side having a flanged side sill riveted to the lower edge of said side, said side sill being partly on the inner side of the side and partly on the outer side.

115. A car side having an-upper'angularflange anda flanged side sill riveted to the lower edge Iof said side, said side sill near its ends consisting of channeled shaped members, and intermediately of an angle member, and a dumping `door coperating with such angle member.

116. In a dump car, the combination of a beam, dumping doors hinged at the opposite sides thereof and adapted'when horizontal to close against the sides of the car, toggle mechanism carried by said beam on its under side and connected with the under sides of the doors, and means for straightening the toggles.`

117. In a dump car, the combination of a longitudinal central member having a trussed under-structure, dumping doors hinged thereto and adapted when closedto extend horizontally therefrom to the sides of the car, toggle links connecting said doors with said member, and means for straightening such toggle.

118. In' a dump car, the combination of a central longitudinal ridge, members depending therefrom, doors pivoted at the sidesgof said ridge, toggle links pivoted at their upper ends to said doors kand at their lower ends to such' depending members, and mechanism located beneath the ridge and `connectedwith said toggle links for straightening them and thereby raising the doors.

119. `Inra dump car, the combination ofv a beam, a dumping door hinged thereto and adapted to be closed when substantially i horizontal, a toggle for raising the door and including two jointed members, one secured to the underside of the door and the other to a depending part of said beam, and means for straightening the toggle.

120. In a dump car, the combination of a central beam including a ridge plate and, members secured to the under side thereof,I dumping doors pivoted to .some of said" members, .toggle links connected together and connected at their free ends respectively I with the door and one of such members, and

mechanism beneath the ridge connectedv with the knuckle of said toggle for straight-V ening it. .l

121. lIn a dump car, the combination of a central longitudinal ridge, under-bracing therefor, dumping doors pivoted to the under-bracing, means beneath the ridge and doors for raising them, and bumpers carried by the under-bracing for receiving the impact of the doors.

122. In a dump car, the combination of a longitudinal member having struts with a tension chord beneath them, of a dumping door carried by said member, and bumpers for said door formed fon said struts.

123. In a car, a side supporting structure composed of a plate girder having a compression member extending along the top of the girder from one en d of thecar to the other, and strengthening means secured to the car'side beneath said member and having a horizontal portion located intermediately and downwardly inclined portions at the ends of the horizontal, portion.

124. .In a steelcar, a girder side having a plate with the compression chord extending along its upper edge and strengthening means extending along the side of the car near its upper edge for a-distance intermediate of the ends of the car and diagonally downward substantially to the lower edge of the side.

125. In a steel car, a plate girder side having top and bottom chords, and additional strengthening means secured to the side of the car and including a flanged member parallel with the upper chord, and a anged member parallel with the lower chord and diagonal connections between said members.

126. In a car, a plate girder side having y'es top and bottom chords and strengthening means in additionto said chords including diagonal and horizontal members.

127. In a car, a plate girder side having top and bottom chordsand strengthening means in addition to said chords leading diagonally upward from points adjacent to the bottom chord and extending intermediately parallel with the top chord.

128. In a car, a plate girder side having top and bottom chords and strengthening means in addition to said chords leading diagonally upward from points adjacent to the bottom chord and extending intermediately parallel with the top chord, combined with an additional tension member extending horizontally from one diagonal to the other.

129. A steel car having a plate girder side. a strengthening member secured to and extending along the top of said side from l one end of the car to the other and strengthe'ning means secured to the car side and extending in part parallel with said member and in part diagonally downward.

130. In a car, the combination of a bolster, a car side resting on the bolster and an extension sill resting on the bolster and secured to the car side and extending to thel end of the car.

131. The combination of a bolster, a car side resting on the bolster, a main strut footing on the bolster, secured to the car side and a longitudinal member resting on the bolster and secured to said main strut, and a longitudinal strengthening member secured to the car side and abutting an intermediate portion of said main strut.

132. A car having bolsters and struts footing on them anda plate-girder at its side extending beyond said struts, and a plurality of strengthening members secured to and extending along the top of said plate structure, one of said members terminating adjacent to the bolsters, and the other being 'of different length and both being anchored adjacent to said struts, and both of said members extending in parallelism throughout their length, substantially as described.

133. A car having` bolsters and struts foot-ing on them and a plate-girder at its side extending beyond said struts, and a strengthening member secured to and extending along the top portion of said plate structure, said member extending substantially parallel with the floor-frame throughout its length, and another strengthening member secured to and extending for a different distance along the top portion of saidplate structure, one of said strengthening members terminating at said struts and theother at the end of the car side, substantially as described.

134. A car having holsters and struts footing on them and a plate-girder at its side extending beyond said struts, and a flanged strengthening member` secured to and extending along the top portion of sald plate structure, said member extending substantially parallel with the floor-frame throughout its length, and another flanged strengthemng member secured-to and ex-A tending for a different distance along the to portion of said plate structure, one of said strengthening membersterminating at said struts and the other at the end of the car side, substantially as described.

135. A car having holsters and struts foot-ing on them and a plate-girder at its side extending beyond said struts, said girder having a flanged member at its top extending substantially throughout the carbody, and a shorter ianged strengthening member secured near-the top of the'plategirder, one of said members extending between and terminating adjacent to the bolsters; substantially as described.

136. A car having a plate-girderside, the lower chord of which extends beyond the holsters, an angle riveted to the upper edge of the side and extending from end to end, and another angle riveted along the upper part of the side and terminating adjacent to the bolsters, both members extending substantially arallel throu hout their length, substantially as describe 137. A `car having a plate-girder at itsl side, the lower chord of which extends beyond the holsters, and provided in its upper portions with two angular flanges, one of said flanges extendin from end to end and the other extending etween and terminating adjacent to the holsters, both flanges being substantially parallel throughout their length; substantially as described.

138. A car having a side formed at least in part of a yond struts rising from the holsters,4 two angles riveted along the upper edge of the plate structure, the flanges of both angles projecting outwardly from the top edge of their vertical legs, the angles being parallel to the upper edge of the side throughout their length, and at least one of said fianges covering the top edge of the plate structure, one of said angles extending to the end of the car and the other terminating at said struts; substantially as described.

1392 A car having a side formed at least in part of a plate-structure extending beyond struts rlsing romthe holsters, two angles riveted along the upper edge of the plate structure, the flanges of both angles projecting outwardly from the top edge of their vertical legs, and at least one of said flanges covering the top edge of the plate structure, one of said angles extending between and terminating adjacent to said struts and the other extending -beyond said struts; Substantially as described.

late structure extending be-

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