US1045850A - Flying-machine or aeroplane. - Google Patents

Description

FIPBBOl APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 16, 1911. 1,045,850, Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

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FLYING-MACHINE 0R AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

Application filed August 16, 1911. Serial No. 644,387.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN JIRAsEK, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines or Aeroplanes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates, generally, to improvements in flying machines or aeroplanes; and, the present invention has for its principal object to provide an aeroplaneconstruction comprising a main frame-work, carrying the motor and propeller and an upright or vertical frame-work also mounted thereon, and in which is supported an oscillatory auxiliary frame, carrying the main plane or main supporting surface.

The invention has for its further object to provide in connection with the framework and oscillatory auxiliary frame of the character hereinafter more fully described, an arrangement of independently acting small adjustable frames, carrying the smaller adjusting planes or ailerons, all with a view of producing a simple, neat, and durable construction, and the parts of which are most compactly arranged in their assembled relations, so as to provide a light and efficiently constructed frame-work, and a flying machine or apparatus which can be readily raised or lowered while in flight, and the directions of its floating movement being under the most complete control of the operator.

Other objects of this invention not at this time more particularly enumerated will be clearly understood from the following de' tailed description of the present invention. With the various objects of the present invention in view, the said invention consists, primarily, in the novel flying machine or aeroplane hereinafter set forth; and the invention consists, furthermore, in the novel arrangements and combinations of the several devices and parts, as well as in the details of the construction of the same, all of which will be more fully described in the following specification, and then finally embodied in the clauses of the claim which are appended to and which form an essential part of this specification.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front view of the general frame-work of a flying machine or aeroplane made according to and embodying the principles of the present invention; and Fig. 2 1s a top or plan view of the same, the sail or canvas coverings forming the supporting planes being, however, omitted from said views. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section, taken on line 33 in said Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow 00, said view being made on an enlarged scale.

Similar characters of reference are employed in all of the above described views, to indicate corresponding parts.

Referring now to the several figures of the drawings, the reference-character 1 indicates the complete frame-work of a flying machine or aeroplane illustrating one embodiment of the principles of the present invention, the same comprising, in general, a main framework consisting of an upper frame in which is suitably mounted the propeller, and a lower and smaller frame depending from said upper frame, in which the motor is placed, for the proper balancing effects, as will presently be more fully described, and which upper frame acts as a support for the oscillatory frame of the main plane or the main supporting surface. The said main frame-work consists, essentially, of a suitably constructed base or platform, as 2, of any suitable dimensions, said base or platform being carried upon and being suitably secured to supporting tubular members 3, arranged preferably in the form of a square or rectangle, said members being suitably connected by means of fittings, as 4. Suitably connected with said fittings 4, and extending in upward directions from said fittings, are tubular posts or uprights 5, the front and rear posts or uprights at each side of the frame which is formed by the tubular members 3 being connected by a pair of rods or bars, as 6, said rods or bars being suitably supported and secured in their respective positions by means of nuts 7 and 8 upon each post or upright 5, substantially in the manner illustrated in the several figures of the drawings. Each rod or bar 6 is provided with a suitably formed bearing-portion 9, and suitably mounted in the said bearing-portions is a rod or shaft 10. Each pair of front and rear posts or uprights; and, the pair of front posts or upby side-bars, as 11, which are suitably secured at their ends to the respective post or uprights; and, the pair of front posts or uprights, as well as the pair of rear posts or uprights, are similarly connected and strengthened by means of rods or bars 12.

Extending angularly from the fittings 4 at the several corners of the frame, formed by the tubular members 3, are short members or arms, as 13, upon the free end-portion of each of whichis a tubular fitting l4, and oscillatorily mounted in each fitting 14 is a stem 15. The lower end-portion of each stem 15 is preferably suitably bent, as represented, and in the forked bearing-portion 16 of each stem 15 is rotatably mounted a wheel 17 The purpose of these wheels is wellunderstood. Each fitting 14 is provided with a pair of laterally extending short plates or arms, as 18, between which are arranged and secured by means of suitable pins or bolts 19, the free end-portions of the arm-like members of a yoke-shaped shock-absorbing member or element, as 20. Each member or element 20 is preferably made of a resilient material, such as rubber, and is of such strength, that the upper and main portions of said members or elements and against which the upper end-portions of said stems 15'bear, will readily maintain the parts in the positions shownin the drawings, and Will readily sustain the weight of the flying machine or apparatus and its load.

Oscillatorily mounted upon the previously mentioned rod or shaft 10 is the laterally extending frame of the main plane or main supporting surface of the flying machine or aeroplane. This frame consists of an arrangement of lower tubular members or elements, as 21, suitably connected by means of suitably formed fittings 22, and an arrangement of upper tubular members or elements 23, suitably connected by means of suitably formed fittings 24, the respective fittings 22 and 24 being suitably interconnected by means of vertical rods or members 25. The planes formed by the said connected lower members or elements 21, and by the said connected upper members or elements 23, in practice carry the sail or canvas coverings, these sail or canvas-coverings, however, being omitted from the drawings herein shown. Extending from the fittings 22 at the re spective pair of centrally located lower tubular members or elements 21, are angularly disposed braces 26, in the form of tubular rods, said braces being suitably connected with and secured at their upper end-portions to suitably formed bearing-plates, as 27, each bearingplate being provided with a bearing-portion, as 28, mounted upon the said rod or shaft 10. Suitably connected with and secured at their lower ends to said bearing-plates 27 are other angularly disposed braces, as 29, in the form of tubular rods, said rods having their upper end-portions suitably connected with and suitably secured to the respective fittings 24 of the respective pair of centrally located upper tubular members or elements 23. Angular adjustment of the oscillatorily suspended frame-work thus provided, in either direction upon the opposite sides of the normally vertical plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of the rod or shaft 10, is produced by means of suitable flexible con nections 30, such as sprocket-link chains, wire cables, ropes, or the like.

In the drawings herewith accompanying, I have shown link-chains, said chains being suitably secured at their ends to the abovementioned lower tubular elements or members 21 and passing over sprocket-wheels 31 which are rotatably mounted upon the previously-mentioned rods or bars 12, the said link-chains 30 passing also'under and in engagement with sprocket-wheels 32 which are suitably secured upon a shaft 33, said shaft being rotatably mounted slightly above the previously-mentioned platform or base 2. That the said shaft 33 may receive a r0- tary motion, in either direction, for the purpose of correspondingly moving the link chains 30, so as to correspondingly adjust the frame-work, which carries the main plane or main supporting surface of the flying machine, in any angular relation that may be desired, the said shaft 33 has secured thereon a bevel wheel 34. In mesh with this bevel wheel 34 is a bevel wheel 35, which is secured upon a rotary vertical spindle or shaft 36, and which is provided with a handwheel 37 or other suitably constructed actuating means, for producing the rotary move ments of said spindle or shaft 36.

In connection with the movable oradjustable frame-work just described, there is arranged at each end of said frame-work a small adjustable plane or aileron.

As will be seen more particularly from Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings, each aileron consists, essentially, of a pair of vertical rods or members 38 and 39, which are rigidly connected with each other by means of a suitable fitting 40, the said rods or members 38 and 39 being permanently secured at their outer end-portions, by means of the fittings 41 and 42, respectively, to the lower tubular endmembers 21 and "to the upper tubular. end-members 23. Each fitting 40 is made with the oppositely projecting bearing- portions 43 and 44 in which are rotatably arranged the end-portions of the respective rods or bars45 and 46. Rigidly connected with the end-portions of these rods or bars 46, by means of suitable fittings, as 47, are the aileron main frames,

each frame comprising a number of rods or bars 48 which are suitably connected by means of suitable fittings 49. These aileron frames, as will be understood, are of course covered with sail-cloth or canvas. Adjustment of either aileron is made by the operator seated upon a seat, as 50, upon the platform 2 of the machine or apparatus, by means of flexible connections 51, such as sprocket-link chains, cables, ropes, or the like, the free end-portions of each flexible connection, in this case a link-chain being suitably secured to the opposite rods or members 48 of the aileron-frame, then passing upwardly and through links or eyes, as 52, or other suitable means of suspension, connected with the upper end-rods 21, and then forwardly in directions toward the middle of the machine or apparatus, passing downwardly and through other links or eyes, as 52, or other suitable means of suspension, connected with the centrally located upper rods 21, each link-chain passing over and being in operative engagement with a sprocket-wheel 53. Each sprocket-Wheel 53 is mounted upon a spindle 54 each spindle being rotatably arranged in a suitable bearing-portion in each side-bar 11, and each spindle 54 being provided with a suitable handle 55, or other operating means, for turning said spindles.

The means for propelling the flying machine is any suitable form of motor, as 56, suitably mounted upon the platform 2, from which is driven by means of a link-chain 57, a propeller-shaft 58, upon the end-portion of which is mounted any suitable construction of propeller, as 59.

The rudder and steering-mechanism is not shown in the accompanying drawings, as any suitable construction of rudder and steering-mechanism may be employed, the same forming no part of my present invention.

I am aware, that changes may be made in the arrangements and combinations of the various devices and parts, as well as in the details of the construction of the said parts, without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the foregoing specification, and as defined in the clauses of the claim which are appended to the said specification. Hence, I do not limit my invention to the exact arrangements and combinations of the various devices and part-s as described in the said specification,

the machine, standards connected with said.

main frame-work, cross-bars connected with said standards, bearing-portlons connected for tilting the entire main plane or main supporting surface, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a flying machine, a main framework provided with means for propelling the machine, standards connected with said main frame-work, cross-bars connected with said standards, bearing-portions connected with said cross-bars, a shaft mounted in said bearing-portions, a main plane or main supporting surface comprising an open frame-work of rectangular cross-section, angularly disposed tie-rods in said lastmentio-ned frame-work, bearing-portions connected with said bearing-plates for pivot ally suspending the frame-work of said main plane or main supporting surface from said shaft, a flexible connection connected at its ends with said main plane or main supporting surface, an actuating means connected with said main frame-work with which said flexible connection cooperates for tilting the entire main plane or main supporting surface, ailerons at the respective ends of the said main plane or main supporting surface, and mechanism between said main frame-work and the said ailerons for tilting said ailerons independently of the said main plane or main supporting surface. substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a flying machine, a main framework provided with means for propelling the machine, standards connected with said main frame-work, cross-bars connected with said standards, bearing-portions connected with said cross-bars, a shaft mounted in said bearing-portions, a main plane or main supporting surface comprising an open frame-work of rectangular cross-section, angularly disposed tie-rods in said last-mentioned frame-work, bearing-plates connected with said tie-rods, bearing-portions connected with said bearing-plates for pivotally suspending the frame-work of said main plane or main supporting surface from said shaft, a sprocket-link chain connected at its ends with said main plane or main supporting surface, sprocket-wheels upon said main frame-work over which said link-ohain passes and is in engagement therewith, and means for actuating one of said sprocket-wheels and causing said linkchain to tilt the entire main plane or main supporting surface, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4:. In a flying machine, a main framework provided with means for propelling the machine, standards connected with said main frame-work, cross-bars connected with said standards, bearing-portions connected with said standards, bearing-portions connected with said cross-bars, a shaft mounted in said bearing-portions, a main plane or main supporting surface comprising an open frame-work of rectangular cross-section, angularly disposed tie-rods in said last-mentioned frame-work, bearing-plates connected with said tie-rods, bearing-portions connected with said bearing-plates for pivotally suspending the frame-work of said main plane or main supporting surface from said shaft, a sprocket-link chain connected at its ends with said main plane or main supporting surface, sprocket-wheels upon said main frame-work over which said linkchain passes and is in engagement therewith, means for actuating one of said sprocket-wheels and causing said link-chain to tilt the entire main plane or main supporting surface, ailerons at the respective ends of the said main plane or main supporting surface, and mechanism between said main frame-work and the said ailerons for tilting said ailerons independently of the said main plane or main supporting surface, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In a flying machine, a main framework provided with means for propelling the machine, standards connected with said main frame-work, cross-bars connected with said standards, bearing-portions connected with said cross-bars, a shaft mounted in said bear-portions, a main plane or main supporting surface comprising an open frame-work of rectangular cross-section, angularly disposed tie-rods in said last-mentioned frame-work, bearing-plates connected with said tie-rods, bearing-portions connected with said bearing-plates for pivotally suspending the frame-work of said main plane or main supporting surface from said shaft, a sprocket-link chain connected at its ends with said main plane or main supporting surface, sprocket-wheels upon said main frame-work over which said link-chain passes and is in engagement therewith, a shaft connected with said main frame-work upon which one of said sprocket-wheels is mounted, a bevel-gear upon said shaft, a vertical shaft in said main frame-work, a bevel-gear upon said vertical shaft in mesh with the bevel-gear of said first-mentioned shaft, and a hand-wheel upon said vertical shaft for actuating said shaft and causing said link-chain to tilt the entire main plane or main supporting surface, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. In a flying machine, a main framework provided with means for propelling the machine, standards connected with said main frame-work, cross-bars connected with said standards, bearing-portions connected with said cross-bars, a shaft mounted in said bearing-portions, a main plane or main supporting surface comprising an open frame-Work of rectangular cross-section, angularly disposed tie-rods in said last-mentioned frame-work, bearing-plates connected with said tie-rods, bearing-portions connected with said bearing-plates for pivotally suspending the frame-work of said main plane or main supporting surface from said shaft, a sprocket-link chain connected at its ends with said main plane or main supporting surface, sprocket-wheels upon said main frame-work over which said link-chain passes and is in engagement therewith, a shaft connected with said main frame-work upon which one of said sprocketwheels is mounted, a bevel-gear upon said shaft, a vertical shaft in said main framework, a bevel-gear upon said vertical shaft in mesh with the bevel-gear of said firstmentioned shaft, and a hand wheel upon said vertical shaft for actuating said shaft and causing said link-chain to tilt the entire main plane or main supporting surface, ailerons at the respective ends of the said main plane or main supporting surface, and mechanism between said main frame-work and the said ailerons for tilting said ailerons independently of the said main plane or main supporting surface, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony, that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of August, 1911.

JOHN JIRASEK.

Witnesses FREDK. C. FRAENTZEL, FREDK. H. W. FRAENTZEL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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