US103577A - Improvement in the manufacture of sheet-iron - Google Patents
Improvement in the manufacture of sheet-iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US103577A US103577A US103577DA US103577A US 103577 A US103577 A US 103577A US 103577D A US103577D A US 103577DA US 103577 A US103577 A US 103577A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- sheets
- sheet
- improvement
- manufacture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
Definitions
- my invention consists in giving to the iron, when in plates or sheets, a capacity for brilliant and permanent polish by reviving the metal of the oxide upon its surface in such a manner that the revived metal will adhere as a coating or film upon the surface of the sheets or plates.
- the iron used should be as free from sulphur as can easily be obtained, and, in drawing down from bars to plates or sheets ofa thickness equal to about twice that at which it is desired to have the iron finish, attention should be given to so heating and exposing to the air all the surfaces that they may alike acquire a considerable thickness of oxide, the exact degree to which the sheets or plates are oxidized being unimportant; but in all cases it is necessary that the colors, light blue, violet, yellow, straw color, &c., incident to a slight degree of oxidation of iron, shall have disappeared and given place to black, dark blue, brown, or red.
- Vhen the sheets or plates are reduced to a thickness equal to about twice that to which they are desired to finish, I prefer to have them sheared to a uniform size and shape. They are then ready to be deoxidized-a process which I conduct by heating them to a degree and for a length of time suiiicient, in contact with a deoxidizing agent, to revive the metal of their coating of oxide.
- a deoxidizing agent for this purpose I do not confine myself to any particular deoxidizing agent.
- the several forms of carbon, many other simple and compound solids, and a number of gases may be used for this purpose.
- the iron is withdrawn from the furnace, cleansed from adhering charcoal by shaking the sheets, when, if the operation has been properly conduct-ed, the plates or sheets will have the color of clean metallic iron, being covered with a coat of non-fibrous, somewhat brittle, and easily-polished metal. They may then be drawn down to the desired gage and polished by passing them, in packs, at a very gentle red or high black heat, several times between the rolls, care being had, after heating the sheets with charcoal, as described, not to oxidize the sheets as deeply as was done before.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Description
UNITED res PATENT FFIGE.
ISAAC E. CRAIG, OF CAMDEN, OHIO.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 103,577, dated May 31, 1870.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ISAAC E. CRAIG, of Gamden, in the county of Preble and State of Ohio, have invented a new and Improved Method of lVIanufacturing Sheet-Iron and I do hereby declare the following is a full and exact description thereof.
The nature of my invention consists in giving to the iron, when in plates or sheets, a capacity for brilliant and permanent polish by reviving the metal of the oxide upon its surface in such a manner that the revived metal will adhere as a coating or film upon the surface of the sheets or plates.
To enable others skilled in the art to avail themselves of my invention, I will proceed to describe the method of its application.
The iron used should be as free from sulphur as can easily be obtained, and, in drawing down from bars to plates or sheets ofa thickness equal to about twice that at which it is desired to have the iron finish, attention should be given to so heating and exposing to the air all the surfaces that they may alike acquire a considerable thickness of oxide, the exact degree to which the sheets or plates are oxidized being unimportant; but in all cases it is necessary that the colors, light blue, violet, yellow, straw color, &c., incident to a slight degree of oxidation of iron, shall have disappeared and given place to black, dark blue, brown, or red.
Vhen the sheets or plates are reduced to a thickness equal to about twice that to which they are desired to finish, I prefer to have them sheared to a uniform size and shape. They are then ready to be deoxidized-a process which I conduct by heating them to a degree and for a length of time suiiicient, in contact with a deoxidizing agent, to revive the metal of their coating of oxide. For this purpose I do not confine myself to any particular deoxidizing agent. The several forms of carbon, many other simple and compound solids, and a number of gases may be used for this purpose.
In practice, I prefer to heat the plates or sheets in contact with finely-pulverized charcoal. The plates or sheets should be laid down, singly, at some place convenient to the heating-furnace, and covered, by sifting, with a thickness of charcoal-dust amply suflicient to combine with all the oxygen contained in the oxidized surface of the sheet, an excess doing no injury, and being preferable to an insufficient quantity, even one-sixteenth of an inch being a good thickness for the charcoal dust on each sheet. Another sheet of iron is then laid on this, charcoal-dust applied as before, and the same process repeated until a pile or pack is made up as large as suits the capacity of the furnace or convenience of handling. This, when placed in the furnace, should be raised to a degree of heat a little short of the lowest welding-heat, or that bright redness at which oxide of iron becomes semifiuid, and maintained at this heat for from ten to fifteen minutes. If this heat be exceeded, the revived metal will liow and surface of the sheets become carbonized, which should be avoided. During this time the furnace should be so regulated in draft and firing as to give to the flame something of a deoxidizing character, as indicated,'in a measure, by the smoky or clouded apperance ofthe gases in the furnace. After this the iron is withdrawn from the furnace, cleansed from adhering charcoal by shaking the sheets, when, if the operation has been properly conduct-ed, the plates or sheets will have the color of clean metallic iron, being covered with a coat of non-fibrous, somewhat brittle, and easily-polished metal. They may then be drawn down to the desired gage and polished by passing them, in packs, at a very gentle red or high black heat, several times between the rolls, care being had, after heating the sheets with charcoal, as described, not to oxidize the sheets as deeply as was done before.
What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
The preparation of iron for being polished in sheets by reviving the metal of the superficial oxide.
ISAAC E. CRAIG.
Witnesses:
O. M. ROHRER, A. G. ROHRER.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US103577A true US103577A (en) | 1870-05-31 |
Family
ID=2173062
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US103577D Expired - Lifetime US103577A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of sheet-iron |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US103577A (en) |
-
0
- US US103577D patent/US103577A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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