US122912A - Improvement in the manufacture of sheet-iron - Google Patents
Improvement in the manufacture of sheet-iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US122912A US122912A US122912DA US122912A US 122912 A US122912 A US 122912A US 122912D A US122912D A US 122912DA US 122912 A US122912 A US 122912A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- iron
- pack
- sheets
- furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 60
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010022000 Influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000146313 Parnassius apollo Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 240000008529 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000681094 Zingel asper Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036633 rest Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 wheat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
- C23C8/18—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- my invention consists in the process used for forming, upon the surface of sheet-iron, an oxide which, upon being worked into the body of the sheet, gives an oxidized polished surface of the nature and character of that of the Russian sheet-iron.
- Figure l is a ver tical section of a heating-furnace which I use in my process of manufacturing sheet-iron.
- Fig. 2 is a vertical and transverse section of an annealing-furnace which I use in the said process.
- a in Fig. 1 represents the fire-chamber of the heating-furnace; B, its ash-pit; O, the bridge-wall.
- D are flues.
- e is an iron bottom plate, which is about two inches thick, and is provided with a large number of apertures distributed equally over the plate, and are used for the purpose of allowing the heat to pass up through the plate.
- the dotted lines fre present the stack of the furnace, the base of which rests on the crown h of the furnace and is placed near the front side of it and above the charging-mouth of it. The stack should .be provided with a damper, as indicated at i.
- edges of the pack may be protected by the use of clay or other earthy and mineral matter moistened with water so as to make it adhesive, and they answer as a substitute, in many respects, for the wood protection hereinbefore described. But my experience is that wood soaked and thoroughly saturated in water is the best protection for the edges of the pack.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Description
W..ROGERS. Improvement in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel.
Patented Jan. 23,1872.
UNITED STATES WILLIAM ROGERS, OF APOLLO, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND THOMAS J.
PATENT OFFICE.
BURGHFIELD, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET-IRON.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 122,912, dated January 23, 1872.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WILLIAM ROGERS, of Apollo, in the county of Armstrong and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Process for Manufacturing Sheet-Iron, known in the trade as Russia iron and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.
The nature of my invention consists in the process used for forming, upon the surface of sheet-iron, an oxide which, upon being worked into the body of the sheet, gives an oxidized polished surface of the nature and character of that of the Russian sheet-iron.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe more fully my process for manufactun in g sheet-iron.
I11 the accompanying drawing which forms a part of this specification, Figure l is a ver tical section of a heating-furnace which I use in my process of manufacturing sheet-iron. Fig. 2 is a vertical and transverse section of an annealing-furnace which I use in the said process.
A in Fig. 1 represents the fire-chamber of the heating-furnace; B, its ash-pit; O, the bridge-wall. D are flues. e is an iron bottom plate, which is about two inches thick, and is provided with a large number of apertures distributed equally over the plate, and are used for the purpose of allowing the heat to pass up through the plate. The dotted lines frepresent the stack of the furnace, the base of which rests on the crown h of the furnace and is placed near the front side of it and above the charging-mouth of it. The stack should .be provided with a damper, as indicated at i.
the oven by means of an endless apron or other equivalent means.
Having thus described the furnaces I propose using in my process for manufacturing sheet-iron, I will now proceed to describe another part of my said process.
I take a good article of wrought-iron, and, by means of suitable rolls, roll it into sheets of a gauge twenty-two to twenty-four. I then coat or otherwise cover the surface of a sheet with particles of charcoal of about the size of a grain of wheat, taking care to have these particles evenly spread over the entire sheet, completely covering the surface with them. I then lay another sheet of iron upon this first sheet, and in like manner cover its upper surface with like particles of charcoal, and thus I continue to place sheet upon sheet, covering the upper surface of each until I form a pack of about forty sheets. I then clamp the edges in the usual manner for forming packs of sheetiron. I then place the pack in the heating-furnace, represented in Fig. 1, with the under sheet of the pack resting upon the bottom plate 6. I then place around the edges of the pack wood which has been thoroughly soaked and saturated with water, forming a protecting wall (as indicated at lin Fig. 1) of wood. I then close up the mouth of the furnace so as to prevent the admission of air into it. Ithen start a tire in the fire-chamber A, using wood as the fuel. After the fire has become completely ignited I lower the damper r, so as to retain the heat, smoke, and gases of the fire in the furnace. After the iron has been subjected to the action of the heat, smoke, and gases of the furnace until each sheet in the pack has become red, which will require about two hours, I then remove the pack from the furnace and subject it to the action of a steam-hammer, or other concussive or impinging force, for the purpose of working the oxide which has been formed on the surfaces of the sheets into the body of each sheet. I then unpack the pack and repack it in the same manner as I formed the first pack, taking care to bring the center sheets of the pack to the outside of the pack and the outside sheets to the inside, thus interchanging consecutively the center sheets. The pack is again subjected to heat in the heating-furnace in the same manner as in the first pack. It is then removed from the furnace and again subjected to a hammering or other force, as in the first instance. This pack ing, heating, and hammering process is repeated four or five times, which will, as a general rule, sufficiently work into the iron the oxide formed on the surfaces of the sheets at each heating of the pack, and give it the necessary finish and polish. The sheets are then trimmed by the shearing process, and passed through the annealing-oven, one sheet after the other. The passing of the sheets through the length of the oven will be sufficient to anneal and properly color them. The sheets are now finished and are in a merchantable condition.
I hai e found that submitting sheet-iron to the process hereinbefore' described, its body becomes tough and pliable, and that its sur faces are provided with an oxidized coating which is also tough and pliable and not liable to crack or scale off, and that the sheets are provided with a smooth and polished surface which is not liable to rustv I have found by experiments that iron scales and other metallic oxides may be combined with the charcoal in covering the surfaces of the sheets, in forming the pack for the furnace, and that such combination answers as a good substitute for the charcoal alone. But it will be found that the use of charcoal without combining it with other matter will be sufficient to produce the desired result when it is used in the manner hereinbefore described.
I have also found that the edges of the pack may be protected by the use of clay or other earthy and mineral matter moistened with water so as to make it adhesive, and they answer as a substitute, in many respects, for the wood protection hereinbefore described. But my experience is that wood soaked and thoroughly saturated in water is the best protection for the edges of the pack.
I wish it clearly understood that I am aware that charcoal has been placed between the sheets of a pack of sheet-iron prior to subject ing it to a hammering or rolling process. I am also aware that sheet-iron, after having its surfaces cleaned or scoured so as to remove the scales or oxide from it, has been heated so as to form a delicate surface of oxide on the sheet-iron after such cleaning, and then subjected to a rolling or hammering process. But I do not claim these latter processes as forming any part of my invention or process.
Having thus described the nature of my improvement, what I claim as of my invention 1. The hereinbefore'described method and process of treating and manipulating iron in sheets for the purpose of furnishing it with an oxidized, colored, and polished surface, substantially as herein set forth 2. Surrounding the outer edges of the pack hereinbefore described with wood previously saturated with Water, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
3. The use of clay or other earthy or mineral matter for the purpose of protecting the outer edges of the pack while subjecting it to the action of heat, substantially as herein described, and for the purpose set forth.
4. Repacking the pack by interchanging the position of the sheets with relation to each other in the pack, substantially in the manner herein described, and for the purpose set forth.
5. Annealing and coloring iron treated as hereinbefore described by passing it through a heated chamber, in themanner set forth.
In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand this 10th day of November, A. D. 1871.
Witnesses: WILLIAM ROGERS.
A. O. J OHNSTON, JAMES J. J onNs'roN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US122912A true US122912A (en) | 1872-01-23 |
Family
ID=2192349
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US122912D Expired - Lifetime US122912A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of sheet-iron |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US122912A (en) |
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0
- US US122912D patent/US122912A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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