US10347262B2 - Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution - Google Patents

Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US10347262B2
US10347262B2 US15/800,466 US201715800466A US10347262B2 US 10347262 B2 US10347262 B2 US 10347262B2 US 201715800466 A US201715800466 A US 201715800466A US 10347262 B2 US10347262 B2 US 10347262B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
transition
transition window
window
timestamp
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active, expires
Application number
US15/800,466
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20190115034A1 (en
Inventor
Ken Joseph FRETT
Vladimir Kuznetsov
David Gish
Sadhana Gupta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Citibank NA
Original Assignee
Nielsen Co US LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US15/800,466 priority Critical patent/US10347262B2/en
Application filed by Nielsen Co US LLC filed Critical Nielsen Co US LLC
Priority to EP18869283.4A priority patent/EP3698548A4/en
Priority to PCT/US2018/054657 priority patent/WO2019079045A1/en
Priority to JP2020520794A priority patent/JP7069305B2/ja
Priority to CN202210240184.3A priority patent/CN114449360B/zh
Priority to CN201880067870.7A priority patent/CN111247808B/zh
Priority to KR1020227006816A priority patent/KR102468556B1/ko
Priority to KR1020207013398A priority patent/KR102370460B1/ko
Assigned to THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC reassignment THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FRETT, KEN JOSEPH, GISH, DAVID, GUPTA, SADHANA, KUZNETSOV, VLADIMIR
Publication of US20190115034A1 publication Critical patent/US20190115034A1/en
Priority to US16/450,057 priority patent/US10734004B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US10347262B2 publication Critical patent/US10347262B2/en
Assigned to CITIBANK, N.A. reassignment CITIBANK, N.A. SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC, ACN HOLDINGS INC., ACNIELSEN CORPORATION, ACNIELSEN ERATINGS.COM, AFFINNOVA, INC., ART HOLDING, L.L.C., ATHENIAN LEASING CORPORATION, CZT/ACN TRADEMARKS, L.L.C., Exelate, Inc., GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC, GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, GRACENOTE, INC., NETRATINGS, LLC, NIELSEN AUDIO, INC., NIELSEN CONSUMER INSIGHTS, INC., NIELSEN CONSUMER NEUROSCIENCE, INC., NIELSEN FINANCE CO., NIELSEN FINANCE LLC, NIELSEN HOLDING AND FINANCE B.V., NIELSEN INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC., NIELSEN MOBILE, LLC, NIELSEN UK FINANCE I, LLC, NMR INVESTING I, INC., NMR LICENSING ASSOCIATES, L.P., TCG DIVESTITURE INC., THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, THE NIELSEN COMPANY B.V., TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC., VIZU CORPORATION, VNU INTERNATIONAL B.V., VNU MARKETING INFORMATION, INC.
Priority to US16/943,715 priority patent/US11087772B2/en
Assigned to CITIBANK, N.A reassignment CITIBANK, N.A CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE PATENTS LISTED ON SCHEDULE 1 RECORDED ON 6-9-2020 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 053473 FRAME 0001. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE SUPPLEMENTAL IP SECURITY AGREEMENT. Assignors: A.C. NIELSEN (ARGENTINA) S.A., A.C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC, ACN HOLDINGS INC., ACNIELSEN CORPORATION, ACNIELSEN ERATINGS.COM, AFFINNOVA, INC., ART HOLDING, L.L.C., ATHENIAN LEASING CORPORATION, CZT/ACN TRADEMARKS, L.L.C., Exelate, Inc., GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC, GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, GRACENOTE, INC., NETRATINGS, LLC, NIELSEN AUDIO, INC., NIELSEN CONSUMER INSIGHTS, INC., NIELSEN CONSUMER NEUROSCIENCE, INC., NIELSEN FINANCE CO., NIELSEN FINANCE LLC, NIELSEN HOLDING AND FINANCE B.V., NIELSEN INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC., NIELSEN MOBILE, LLC, NMR INVESTING I, INC., NMR LICENSING ASSOCIATES, L.P., TCG DIVESTITURE INC., THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, THE NIELSEN COMPANY B.V., TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC., VIZU CORPORATION, VNU INTERNATIONAL B.V., VNU MARKETING INFORMATION, INC.
Priority to US17/365,842 priority patent/US11562753B2/en
Priority to JP2022076112A priority patent/JP7362835B2/ja
Priority to US18/158,337 priority patent/US12039983B2/en
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. reassignment BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC, GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, GRACENOTE, INC., THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC.
Assigned to CITIBANK, N.A. reassignment CITIBANK, N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC, GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, GRACENOTE, INC., THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC.
Assigned to ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION reassignment ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC, GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, GRACENOTE, INC., THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC.
Assigned to THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC, GRACENOTE, INC., Exelate, Inc., GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, NETRATINGS, LLC reassignment THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC RELEASE (REEL 053473 / FRAME 0001) Assignors: CITIBANK, N.A.
Assigned to Exelate, Inc., GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, NETRATINGS, LLC, A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC, GRACENOTE, INC., THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC reassignment Exelate, Inc. RELEASE (REEL 054066 / FRAME 0064) Assignors: CITIBANK, N.A.
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/018—Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
    • G10L25/45—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of analysis window
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/23614—Multiplexing of additional data and video streams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2389—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
    • H04N21/23892—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/4302—Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/4348—Demultiplexing of additional data and video streams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
    • H04N21/8358—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving watermark
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/85—Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
    • H04N21/854—Content authoring
    • H04N21/8547—Content authoring involving timestamps for synchronizing content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
    • H04N19/467—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to media watermarking, and, more particularly, to systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution.
  • Watermarks can be embedded or otherwise included in media to enable additional information to be conveyed with the media.
  • audio watermarks can be embedded or otherwise included in the audio data/signal portion of a media stream, file and/or signal to convey data, such as media identification information, copyright protection information, timestamps indicative of broadcast time, etc., with the media.
  • data such as media identification information, copyright protection information, timestamps indicative of broadcast time, etc.
  • Such watermarks enable monitoring of the distribution and/or use of media, such as by detecting watermarks present in television broadcasts, radio broadcasts, streamed multimedia, etc., to identify the particular media being presented to viewers, listeners, users, etc. Such information can be valuable to advertisers, content providers, and the like.
  • Prior media monitoring systems employing watermarks typically include watermark decoders that identify the information contained in the watermarks. Some prior systems identify the timestamps in the watermarks and transitions between timestamps to a relatively coarse resolution, such as a resolution of one minute.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example media monitoring system, which includes an example timestamp transition resolution enhancer constructed in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example watermark to be detected by the example media device monitor of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 a block diagram illustrating an example implementation of the timestamp transition resolution enhancer of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example mapping of detected watermarks, timestamps, and timestamp transition resolution enhancement performed in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart representative of first example machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement the example media monitoring system of FIG. 1 and/or the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example processor platform structured to execute the example machine readable instructions of FIG. 5 to implement the example media monitoring system of FIG. 1 and/or the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer of FIG. 3 .
  • Example watermark timestamp transition resolution enhancing systems include a watermark detector to detect watermarks and a decoder to decode timestamps in respective ones of the watermarks. Some such example systems also include a timestamp transition resolution enhancer to estimate a first transition window indicative of a transition between a first time period to a second time period based on a first one of the timestamps and a second one of the timestamps.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer also estimates, when the first transition window does not satisfy a threshold, a second transition window indicative of a transition between the second time period and a third time period based on the second timestamp and a third one of the timestamps.
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer of some examples determines a first mapped transition window based on an intersection of the first transition window and the second transition window and sets the first mapped transition window as a reference time transition window for subsequent time periods.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer is to set the first transition window as an established time transition when the first transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer is to set the first mapped transition window as an established time transition when the first mapped transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer is to estimate, when the first mapped transition window does not satisfy the threshold, a third transition window indicative of a transition between the third time period and a fourth time period of time based on the third timestamp and a fourth one of the timestamps.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer also is to determine a second mapped transition window based on an intersection of the first mapped transition window and the third transition window and set the second mapped transition window as the reference time transition window.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer is to set the second mapped transition window as an established time transition when the second mapped transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer is to set an established time transition based on at least one of the first transition window or the first mapped transition window satisfying the threshold. In such examples, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer also is to retroactively map time transitions in the media signal based on the established time transition.
  • respective ones of the time periods have minute durations and the threshold is about five seconds.
  • the first transition window is identified when a first timestamp in a first watermark is different than a second timestamp in a second watermark.
  • Some example methods also include setting, by executing an instruction with a processor, the first transition window as an established time transition when the first transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • Some example methods also include setting, by executing an instruction with a processor, the first mapped transition window as an established time transition when the first mapped transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • Some example methods also include estimating, by executing an instruction with a processor when the first mapped transition window does not satisfy the threshold, a third transition window indicative of a transition between the third time period and a fourth time period of time based on the third timestamp and a fourth timestamp. Such example methods also include determining, by executing an instruction with a processor, a second mapped transition window based on an intersection of the first mapped transition window and the third transition window and setting the second mapped transition window as the reference time transition window.
  • Some example methods include setting, by executing an instruction with a processor, the second mapped transition window as an established time transition when the second mapped transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • Some example methods include setting, by executing an instruction with a processor, an established time transition based on at least one of the first transition window or the first mapped transition window satisfying the threshold. Such example methods also include retroactively mapping, by executing an instruction with a processor, time transitions in the media signal based on the established time transition.
  • Some example methods also include respective ones of the time periods have minute durations and the threshold is about five seconds.
  • Some example methods also include comparing, by executing an instruction with a processor, a first timestamp in a first watermark and a second time stamp in a second watermark and identifying, by executing an instruction with a processor, the first transition window when the first timestamp and the second timestamp are different.
  • Non-transitory machine-readable storage media comprising machine-readable instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least: estimate a first transition window indicative of a transition between a first time period to a second time period based on a first timestamp of a first watermark and a second timestamp of a second watermark.
  • the example instructions of some such examples also cause the machine to estimate, when the first transition window does not satisfy a threshold, a second transition window indicative of a transition between the second time period and a third time period based on the second timestamp and a third timestamp.
  • the example instructions of some such examples cause the machine to determine a first mapped transition window based on an intersection of the first transition window and the second transition window and set the first mapped transition window as the reference time transition window for subsequent time periods.
  • the instructions cause the machine to set the first transition window as an established time transition when the first transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the instructions further cause the machine to set the first mapped transition window as an established time transition when the first mapped transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the instructions further cause the machine to estimate, when the first mapped transition window does not satisfy the threshold, a third transition window indicative of a transition between the third time period and a fourth time period of time based on the third timestamp and a fourth timestamp.
  • the instructions also cause the machine to determine a second mapped transition window based on an intersection of the first mapped transition window and the third transition window and set the second mapped transition window as the reference time transition window.
  • the instructions further cause the machine to set the second mapped transition window as an established time transition when the second mapped transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the instructions further cause the machine to set an established time transition based on at least one of the first transition window or the first mapped transition window satisfying the threshold and retroactively map time transitions in the media signal based on the established time transition.
  • respective ones of the time periods have minute durations and the threshold is about five seconds.
  • the instructions further cause the machine to identify the first transition window when a first timestamp in a first watermark is different than a second timestamp in a second watermark.
  • example systems that include means for detecting watermarks and means for decoding timestamps in respective ones of the watermarks. Such example systems also includes means for estimating transition windows by estimating a first transition window indicative of a transition between a first time period to a second time period based on a first one of the timestamps and a second one of the timestamps, and estimating, when the first transition window does not satisfy a threshold, a second transition window indicative of a transition between the second time period and a third time period based on the second timestamp and a third one of the timestamps. Such example systems also include means for determining a first mapped transition window based on an intersection of the first transition window and the second transition window. In addition, such example systems include means for setting the first mapped transition window as a reference time transition window for subsequent time periods.
  • the means for setting is to set the first transition window as an established time transition when the first transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the means for setting is to set the first mapped transition window as an established time transition when the first mapped transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the means for estimating is to estimate a third transition window indicative of a transition between the third time period and a fourth time period of time based on the third timestamp and a fourth one of the timestamps.
  • the means for determining is to determine a second mapped transition window based on an intersection of the first mapped transition window and the third transition window.
  • the means for setting is to set the second mapped transition window as the reference time transition window.
  • the means for setting is to set the second mapped transition window as an established time transition when the second mapped transition window satisfies the threshold.
  • the means for setting is to set an established time transition based on at least one of the first transition window or the first mapped transition window satisfying the threshold.
  • the means for setting also is to retroactively map time transitions in the media signal based on the established time transition.
  • respective ones of the time periods have minute durations and the threshold is about five seconds.
  • the means for estimating is to identify the first transition window when a first timestamp in a first watermark is different than a second timestamp in a second watermark.
  • Some such example systems include a timestamp transition resolution enhancer to determine moments of transition between time periods of media containing the watermarks based on the timestamps by: (a) estimating a coarse transition window between two time periods; (b) mapping a prior transition window estimate to the estimate of (a); (c) narrowing to a fine transition window estimate based on an overlap between the estimate of (a) and (b); (d) comparing the estimate of (c) to a threshold; (e) repeating (a) through (d) for successive time periods using the fine transition window estimate of (c) as the prior transition window estimate of (b) until the fine transition window estimate of (c) satisfies the threshold; and (e) establishing the fine transition window estimate as an established moment of transition between time periods when the estimate of (c) satisfies the threshold.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer is to identify the moments of transition between time periods of the media signal based on the established moment of transition.
  • the time periods correspond to successive minutes of the media signal and the threshold is about five seconds.
  • the method includes identifying, by executing an instruction with a processor, the moments of transition between time periods of the media signal based on the established moment of transition.
  • the method includes the time periods corresponding to successive minutes of the media signal and the threshold is about five seconds.
  • non-transitory storage media including machine-readable instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least detect watermarks and decode timestamps in respective ones of the watermarks.
  • the instructions also cause the machine to determine moments of transition between time periods of media containing the watermarks based on the timestamps by: (a) estimating a coarse transition window between two time periods; (b) mapping a prior transition window estimate to the estimate of (a); (c) narrowing to a fine transition window estimate based on an overlap between the estimate of (a) and (b); (d) comparing the estimate of (c) to a threshold; (e) repeating (a) through (d) for successive time periods using the fine transition window estimate of (c) as the prior transition window estimate of (b) until the fine transition window estimate of (c) satisfies the threshold; and (f) establishing the fine transition window estimate as an established moment of transition between windows when the estimate of (c) satisfies the threshold.
  • the instructions further cause the machine to identify the moments of transition between time periods of the media signal based on the established moment of transition.
  • the time periods correspond to successive minutes of the media signal and the threshold is about five seconds.
  • example systems that include means for detecting watermarks and means for decoding timestamps in respective ones of the watermarks. Such example systems also include means for determining moments of transition between time periods of media containing the watermarks based on the timestamps by: (a) estimating a coarse transition window between two time periods; (b) mapping a prior transition window estimate to the estimate of (a); (c) narrowing to a fine transition window estimate based on an overlap between the estimate of (a) and (b); (d) comparing the estimate of (c) to a threshold; (e) repeating (a) through (d) for successive time periods using the fine transition window estimate of (c) as the prior transition window estimate of (b) until the fine transition window estimate of (c) satisfies the threshold; and (f) establishing the fine transition window estimate as an established moment of transition between time periods when the estimate of (c) satisfies the threshold.
  • the means for determining is to identify the moments of transition between time periods of the media signal based on the established moment of transition.
  • the time periods correspond to successive minutes of the media signal and the threshold is about five seconds.
  • media includes any type of content and/or advertisement delivered via any type of distribution medium.
  • media includes television programming or advertisements, radio programming or advertisements, movies, web sites, streaming media, etc.
  • media includes audio and/or visual (still or moving) content and/or advertisements.
  • Example methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture disclosed herein monitor media presentations at media devices.
  • Such media devices may include, for example, Internet-enabled televisions, personal computers, Internet-enabled mobile handsets (e.g., a smartphone), video game consoles (e.g., Xbox®, PlayStation®), tablet computers (e.g., an iPad®), digital media players (e.g., a Roku® media player, a Slingbox®, etc.), etc.
  • media monitoring information is aggregated to determine ownership and/or usage statistics of media devices, relative rankings of usage and/or ownership of media devices, types of uses of media devices (e.g., whether a device is used for browsing the Internet, streaming media from the Internet, etc.), and/or other types of media device information.
  • monitoring information includes, but is not limited to, media identifying information (e.g., media-identifying metadata, codes, signatures, watermarks, and/or other information that may be used to identify presented media), application usage information (e.g., an identifier of an application, a time and/or duration of use of the application, a rating of the application, etc.), and/or user-identifying information (e.g., demographic information, a user identifier, a panelist identifier, a username, etc.).
  • media identifying information e.g., media-identifying metadata, codes, signatures, watermarks, and/or other information that may be used to identify presented media
  • application usage information e.g., an identifier of an application, a time and/or duration of use of the application, a rating of the application, etc.
  • user-identifying information e.g., demographic information, a user identifier, a panelist identifier, a username, etc.
  • Audio watermarking is a technique used to identify media such as television broadcasts, radio broadcasts, advertisements (television and/or radio), downloaded media, streaming media, prepackaged media, etc.
  • Existing audio watermarking techniques identify media by embedding one or more audio codes (e.g., one or more watermarks), such as media identifying information and/or an identifier that may be mapped to media identifying information, into an audio and/or video component.
  • the audio or video component is selected to have a signal characteristic sufficient to hide the watermark.
  • code or “watermark” are used interchangeably and are defined to mean any identification information (e.g., an identifier) that may be inserted or embedded in the audio or video of media (e.g., a program or advertisement) for the purpose of identifying the media or for another purpose such as tuning (e.g., a packet identifying header).
  • identification information e.g., an identifier
  • media e.g., a program or advertisement
  • tuning e.g., a packet identifying header
  • fingerprint or signature-based media monitoring techniques generally use one or more inherent characteristics of the monitored media during a monitoring time interval to generate a substantially unique proxy for the media.
  • a proxy is referred to as a signature or fingerprint, and can take any form (e.g., a series of digital values, a waveform, etc.) representative of any aspect(s) of the media signal(s) (e.g., the audio and/or video signals forming the media presentation being monitored).
  • a signature may be a series of signatures collected in series over a timer interval.
  • a good signature is repeatable when processing the same media presentation but is unique relative to other (e.g., different) presentations of other (e.g., different) media. Accordingly, the term “fingerprint” and “signature” are used interchangeably herein and are defined herein to mean a proxy for identifying media that is generated from one or more inherent characteristics of the media.
  • Signature-based media monitoring generally involves determining (e.g., generating and/or collecting) signature(s) representative of a media signal (e.g., an audio signal and/or a video signal) output by a monitored media device and comparing the monitored signature(s) to one or more references signatures corresponding to known (e.g., reference) media sources.
  • Various comparison criteria such as a cross-correlation value, a Hamming distance, etc., can be evaluated to determine whether a monitored signature matches a particular reference signature. When a match between the monitored signature and one of the reference signatures is found, the monitored media can be identified as corresponding to the particular reference media represented by the reference signature that with matched the monitored signature.
  • attributes such as an identifier of the media, a presentation time, a broadcast channel, etc.
  • these attributes may then be associated with the monitored media whose monitored signature matched the reference signature.
  • Example systems for identifying media based on codes and/or signatures are long known and were first disclosed in Thomas, U.S. Pat. No. 5,481,294, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • watermarks can be embedded or otherwise included in media to enable additional information to be conveyed with the media.
  • This information can include timestamps that indicate the time at which a portion of the media signal containing the watermark was broadcast. Timestamps are important for advertisers, for example, to verify the broadcast of their content. Timestamps are also important in media monitoring to identify the moments in time an audience member was exposed to particular media.
  • the timestamps embedded in watermarks change with the time of day and with a given time resolution.
  • a timestamp at one minute may be T1 and the next minute may be T2 (e.g., T1 plus one minute). Comparing one watermark to the next would indicate when the time switched from T1 to T2.
  • the watermarks cannot be detected based on, for example, noise obscuring the media signal.
  • many watermarks go undetected.
  • timestamps that are encoded in watermarks may be accurate to the second, traditional systems only have a time transition window resolution of one minute. That is, known systems can only estimate a time change in increments of one minute.
  • Examples disclosed herein improve the time transition window resolution. For example, in a media signal in which the timestamp code is repeated every 4.8 seconds, there are twelve to thirteen opportunities to detect the timestamp per minute. As disclosed herein, the resolution of the time transition window estimate is improved to, for example, about five seconds. As used herein, “about” means+/ ⁇ 0.2 seconds. This improvement provides more accurate estimation of broadcast time and more valuable information. For example, some advertisements are included in broadcast slots or spots of less than a minute including, for example, ten-second, fifteen-second, or thirty-second spots. When the timestamp transition resolution is only precise to a minute, the exact timing of a sub-minute long broadcast cannot be determined accurately based on such known watermarks.
  • FIG. 1 a block diagram of an example media monitoring system 100 implementing improved timestamp transition resolution from watermarks in media signals as disclosed herein is illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the example media monitoring system 100 of FIG. 1 supports monitoring of media presented at one or more monitored sites, such as an example monitored site 105 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the monitored site 105 includes an example media device 110 , which is also referred to herein as a media presentation device 110 .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one monitored site 105 and one media device 110
  • improved timestamp transition resolution from watermarks in media signals as disclosed herein can be implemented in media monitoring systems 100 supporting any number of monitored sites 105 having any number of media devices 110 .
  • the media monitoring system 100 of the illustrated example includes an example media device meter 125 (also referred to as a meter 125 , a site meter 125 , a site unit 125 , a home unit 125 , a portable device 125 , etc.) to monitor media presented by the media device 110 .
  • the media monitored by the media device meter 125 can correspond to any type of media presentable by the media device 110 .
  • monitored media can correspond to media content, such a television programs, radio programs, movies, Internet video, video-on-demand, etc., as well as commercials, advertisements, etc.
  • the media device meter 125 determines metering data including timestamps that may identify and/or be used to identify media presented by the media device and the corresponding times (and, thus, infer media exposure) at the monitored site 105 .
  • the media device meter 125 then stores and reports this metering data via an example network 135 to an example data processing facility 140 .
  • the data processing facility 140 performs any appropriate post-processing of the metering data to, for example, determine audience ratings information, identify targeted advertising to be provided to the monitored site 105 , etc.
  • the network 135 can correspond to any type(s) and/or number of wired and/or wireless data networks, or any combination thereof.
  • the media device 110 monitored by the media device meter 125 can correspond to any type of audio, video and/or multimedia presentation device capable of presenting media audibly and/or visually.
  • the media device 110 can correspond to a television and/or display device that supports the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) standard, the Phase Alternating Line (PAL) standard, the Systéme Electronique pour Couleur Electro Mémoire (SECAM) standard, a standard developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC), such as high definition television (HDTV), a standard developed by the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project, etc.
  • NTSC National Television Standards Committee
  • PAL Phase Alternating Line
  • SECAM Systéme Electronique pour Couleur EVERY Mémoire
  • HDTV high definition television
  • DVD Digital Video Broadcasting
  • the media device 110 can correspond to a multimedia computer system, a personal digital assistant, a cellular/mobile smartphone, a radio, a tablet computer, etc.
  • the media device meter 125 and the data processing facility 140 cooperate to perform media monitoring based on detected media watermarks. Moreover, the media device meter 125 implements improved timestamp transition resolution as disclosed herein.
  • watermarks include identification codes, ancillary codes, etc., that may be transmitted within media signals.
  • identification codes can be transmitted as watermarked data embedded or otherwise included with media (e.g., inserted into the audio, video, or metadata stream of media) to uniquely identify broadcasters and/or media (e.g., content or advertisements).
  • Watermarks can additionally or alternatively be used to carry other types of data, such as copyright protection information, secondary data (e.g., such as one or more hyperlinks pointing to secondary media retrievable via the Internet and associated with the primary media carrying the watermark), commands to control one or more devices, etc. Watermarks are typically extracted using a decoding operation.
  • secondary data e.g., such as one or more hyperlinks pointing to secondary media retrievable via the Internet and associated with the primary media carrying the watermark
  • commands to control one or more devices etc.
  • Watermarks are typically extracted using a decoding operation.
  • the media device meter 125 is implemented by a portable device including an example watermark detector 145 and an example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 .
  • the watermark detector 145 is configured to detect watermark(s) in media signal(s) output from a monitored media device, such as the example media device 110 .
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 is configured to improve the timestamp transition resolution of the watermarks detected by the watermark detector 145 .
  • the media device meter 125 corresponds to a special purpose portable device constructed to implement the example watermark detector 145 and the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 .
  • the media device meter 125 corresponds to any portable device capable of being adapted (via hardware changes, software changes, firmware changes, or any combination thereof) to implement the example watermark detector 145 and the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 .
  • the media device meter 125 can be implemented by a smartphone, a tablet computer, a handheld device, a wrist-watch type device (e.g., a smart watch such as the Apple Watch sold by Apple Inc.), other wearable devices, a special purpose device, etc.
  • the media device meter 125 can be implemented by a portable device that, although portable, is intended to be relatively stationary.
  • the media device meter 125 can be implemented by, or otherwise included in, the media device 110 , such as when the media device 110 corresponds to a portable device (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet computer, a handheld device, etc.) capable of presenting media.
  • a portable device e.g., a smartphone, a tablet computer, a handheld device, etc.
  • This latter implementation can be especially useful in example scenarios in which a media monitoring application is executed on the media device 110 itself, but the media device 110 prevents, e.g., via digital rights management or other techniques, third-party applications, such as the media monitoring application, from accessing protected media data stored on the media device 110 .
  • An example implementation of the media device meter 125 is illustrated in FIG. 3 , which is described in further detail below. Though described as incorporated with the media device meter 125 , the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 may be incorporated additionally or alternatively with the data processing facility 140 . Furthermore, in some examples, the media device meter 125 may additionally
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example watermark 200 that the example media device meter 125 may be configured to detect.
  • the watermark 200 of the illustrated is embedded or otherwise included in media to be presented by media device(s), such as the example media device 110 .
  • the watermark 200 may be embedded in an audio portion (e.g., an audio data portion, an audio signal portion, etc.) of the media, a video portion (e.g., a video data portion, a video signal portion, etc.) of the media, or a combination thereof.
  • the example watermark 200 of FIG. 2 includes an example first group of symbols 205 and an example second group of symbols 210 . In the illustrated example of FIG.
  • the first group of symbols 205 is repeated in successive watermarks 200 embedded/included in the media
  • the second group of symbols 210 which is indicative of a broadcast time, differs between successive watermarks 200 embedded/included in the media.
  • the first group of symbols 205 conveys media identification data (e.g., a media identifier) identifying the media watermarked by the watermark 200 .
  • the media identification data conveyed by the first group of symbols 205 may include data identifying a broadcast station providing the media, a name (e.g., program name) of the media, a source (e.g., a website) of the media, etc.
  • the first group of symbols 205 is also referred to as a first group of media identification symbols 205 (or simply the media identification symbols 205 ).
  • the media identification data conveyed by the first group of symbols 205 is repeated in successive watermarks 200 embedded/included in the media.
  • the first group of symbols 205 of the watermark 200 includes example marker symbols 215 A-B to assist the watermark detector 145 in detecting the start of the watermark 200 in the watermarked media, and example data symbols 220 A-F to convey the media identification data.
  • corresponding symbols pairs in similar respective locations after the first marker symbol 215 A and the second marker symbol 215 B are related by an offset.
  • the value of data symbol 220 D may correspond to the value of data symbol 220 A incremented by an offset
  • the value of data symbol 220 E may correspond to the value of data symbol 220 B incremented by the same offset
  • the value of data symbol 220 F may correspond to the value of data symbol 220 C incremented by the same offset, as well.
  • the symbols pairs 220 A/D, 220 B/E and 220 C/F are referred to as symbol offset pairs, or offset pairs, and the offset used to generate the symbol offset pairs forms an additional data symbol that can be used to convey the media identification data.
  • the second group of symbols 210 conveys timestamp data (e.g., a timestamp) identifying, for example, a particular elapsed time within the watermarked media.
  • timestamp data e.g., a timestamp
  • the second group of symbols 210 is also referred to as the second group of timestamp symbols 210 (or simply the timestamp symbols 210 ).
  • the timestamp data conveyed by the second group of symbols 210 e.g., the timestamp symbols 210
  • differs in successive watermarks 200 embedded/included in the media e.g., as the elapsed time of the watermarked media increases with each successive watermark 200 ).
  • the watermark 200 is embedded/included in the desired media at a repetition interval of t seconds (or, in other words, at a repetition rate of 1/t seconds), with the first group of symbols 205 remaining the same in successive watermarks 200 , and the second group of symbols 205 varying in successive watermarks 200 according to the time resolution supported by the symbols 205 .
  • the symbols 205 may support a time resolution of one minute and, thus, will change on one minute boundaries.
  • repetition interval t may be used in other examples.
  • a watermark symbol included in the watermark 200 is able to take on one of several possible symbol values. For example, if a symbol in the watermark 200 represents four bits of data, then the symbol is able to take on one of sixteen different possible values. For example, each possible symbol value may correspond to a different signal amplitude, a different set of code frequencies, etc.
  • the example watermark detector 145 processes monitored media data/signals output from the example media device 110 to determine measured values (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values) corresponding to each possible symbol value the symbol may have. The watermark detector 145 then selects the symbol value corresponding to the best (e.g., strongest, largest, etc.) measured value (possibly after averaging across multiple samples of the media data/signal) as the detected symbol value for that particular watermark symbol.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the media device meter 125 includes one or more example sensor(s) 305 to detect media data/signal(s) emitted or otherwise output by the example media device 110 .
  • the sensor(s) 305 include an audio sensor to monitor audio data/signal(s) output by the media device 110 .
  • Such an audio sensor may be implemented using any type of audio sensor or audio interface, such as a microphone, a transducer, a cable/wire, etc., capable of receiving and processing audio signals (e.g., such as in the form of acoustic and/or electrical signals).
  • the senor(s) 305 include a video sensor to monitor video data/signal(s) output by the media device 110 .
  • a video sensor may be implemented using any type of video sensor or video interface, such as a camera, a light detector, a cable/wire, etc., capable of receiving and processing video signals (e.g., such as in the form of optical images and/or electrical signals).
  • the example media device meter 125 of FIG. 3 also includes the example watermark detector 145 .
  • the watermark detector 145 is configured to detect watermarks, such as the example watermark 200 of FIG. 2 , in the media data/signal(s) detected by the example sensor(s) 305 .
  • the watermark detector 145 of FIG. 3 is structured to process audio data/signal(s) obtained by the sensor(s) 305 to detect symbols of instances of the watermark 200 that are encoded in one or more frequencies of the sensed audio data/signal(s), or otherwise encoded in the frequency domain of the sensed audio data/signal(s).
  • Examples of encoding watermarks in the frequency domain of an audio signal, and corresponding example watermark detection techniques that may be implemented by the example watermark detector 145 , are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,359,205, entitled “Methods and Apparatus to Perform Audio Watermarking and Watermark Detection and Extraction,” which issued on Jan. 22, 2013, U.S. Pat. No. 8,369,972, entitled “Methods and Apparatus to Perform Audio Watermarking Detection and Extraction,” which issued on Feb. 5, 2013, U.S. Publication No. 2010/0223062, entitled “Methods and Apparatus to Perform Audio Watermarking and Watermark Detection and Extraction,” which was published on Sep.
  • the watermark detector 145 of FIG. 3 is structured to process audio data/signal(s) obtained by the sensor(s) 305 to detect symbols of instances of the watermark 200 that are encoded in one or more time domain characteristics of the sensed audio signal, such as by modulating the amplitude and/or phase of the audio signal in the time domain.
  • Examples of encoding watermarks in the time domain of an audio signal, and corresponding example watermark detection techniques that may be implemented by the example watermark detector 145 include, but are not limited to, examples in which spread spectrum techniques are used to include a watermark in an audio signal.
  • such a watermark can be encoded in the audio signal by (1) spreading the watermark by modulating the watermark with a pseudo-noise sequence and then (2) combining the spread watermark with the audio signal. Detection of such a watermark involves correlating the audio signal (after being watermarked) with the pseudo-noise sequence, which de-spreads the watermark, thereby permitting the watermark to be detected after the correlation.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example mapping 400 of segments of a media signal over time.
  • the first row represents the media segments 405 ( 01 - 41 ) during which a watermark 200 is broadcast.
  • each media segment 405 may have, for example, a duration of five seconds. Thus, there are twelve segments in one minute of a media broadcast. In other examples, other media segment durations may be used including, for example, 4.8 seconds and/or any other desired amount.
  • the “X” in the second row represents the watermarks 200 detected by the watermark detector 145 . In this example, the watermark detector 145 detects eighteen watermarks 200 . Some of the media segments 405 are not associated with a detected watermark. In such examples, the signal may have been obscured by, for example, noise, and the watermark detector 145 may not have been able to detect an associated watermark.
  • the example media device meter 125 also includes an example timestamp decoder 310 .
  • the timestamp decoder 310 reads the timestamp symbols 210 from the watermark 200 detected by the watermark detector 145 .
  • the time indicated by the timestamp symbols 210 is associated with the media broadcast with which the detected watermark 200 is broadcast.
  • the timestamp decoder 310 having read the timestamps in the watermarks 200 , determines that the time is T ⁇ 1 in the second detected watermark 200 of the third media segment 405 ( 03 ). In the third detected watermark 200 of the seventh media segment 405 ( 07 ), the timestamp is T.
  • the timestamp reads as time T until the timestamp decoder 310 determines the time is T+1 at the seventh detected watermark 200 of the eighteenth media segment 405 ( 18 ).
  • the detection and decoding process continues throughout operation of the media device meter 125 .
  • a time change to T+2 is detected at the thirteenth detected watermark 200 of the thirty-first media segment 405 ( 31 )
  • a time change to T+3 is detected at the seventeenth detected watermark 200 of the fortieth media segment 405 ( 40 ).
  • the media device meter 125 and/or data processing facility 400 can determine estimated transition windows or coarse transitions windows indicative of when the time of the media broadcast for the associated media segment 405 advanced to the next time unit (e.g., next minute of the day).
  • the media device includes the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 which has an example transition window estimator 315 .
  • the transition window estimator 315 determines the estimated transition window based on a difference between two detected watermarks. As shown in FIG. 4 , the time of the media broadcast is T ⁇ 1 for the third media segment 405 ( 03 ). At the seventh media segment 405 ( 07 ), the detected watermark 200 indicates that the time of the broadcast is T.
  • these three media segments 405 ( 04 - 06 ) lack detected watermarks due to, for example, obfuscations from noise.
  • the transition window estimator 315 determines a first estimated transition window 410 between time T ⁇ 1 and T.
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 also includes an example resolution comparator 320 .
  • the resolution comparator 320 compares the duration of a transition window to a threshold to determine if the duration of the transition window meets the threshold.
  • the threshold establishes the desired resolution of the timestamp transition.
  • the first estimated transition window 410 is shown as twenty seconds. That is, the time switched from T ⁇ 1 to T sometime during those twenty seconds.
  • the resolution comparator 320 compares the time period of twenty seconds to a threshold which may be set, for example, at five seconds. That is, in this example, a timestamp transition resolution of five seconds is desired. In other examples, the threshold is any desirable level of resolution.
  • the twenty second duration of the first estimated transition window 410 does not meet the threshold of five seconds.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continues operation to improve the resolution of the time transition window. If the first estimated transition window 410 does meet the threshold, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the first estimated transition window 410 as the established time transition or the baseline moment of transition.
  • the example transition window estimator 315 determines subsequent time transitions and the corresponding transition windows.
  • the example transition window estimator 315 determines a second estimated transition window 415 between the detection of time T at the sixth detected watermark 200 of the thirteenth media segment 405 ( 13 ) and time T+1 at the seventh detected watermark 200 of the eighteenth media segment 405 ( 18 ).
  • the second estimated transition window 415 is twenty-five seconds long, which is longer in duration than the first estimated transition window 410 and, therefore, alone does not improve the timestamp transition resolution.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 also includes an example mapper 325 that aligns or maps a reference transition window with an estimated transition window. For example, when the resolution comparator 320 determines that an estimated transition window does not meet the threshold, the mapper 320 uses the estimated transition window as a reference transition window and maps or aligns the reference transition window with a subsequent estimated transition window.
  • a first estimated transition window can be used to predict subsequent estimated transition windows because the transitions between time periods is cyclical.
  • a second estimated transition window and the first estimated transition window (used as a reference transition window) can be used to refine or improve the estimate of the timestamp transition.
  • the first estimated transition window 410 has a duration of twenty seconds.
  • the media segments 405 are of a five second duration, there are twelve segments in a minute.
  • the first transition window 410 would indicate subsequent transition windows every minute or twelve media segments 405 .
  • the first transition window 410 is used by the mapper 325 to predict, or estimate, a first reference transition window 420 by mapping the first estimated transition window 410 down twelve media segments 405 to form the first reference transition window 420 in alignment with the second estimated transition window 415 . More specifically, in the example mapping 400 of FIG. 4 , the first estimated transition window 410 appears between the third and sixth media segments 405 ( 03 - 06 ).
  • the next estimate for a window transition or the first reference transition window 420 appears twelve media segments later or the fifteenth media segment 405 ( 15 ) to the eighteenth media segment 405 ( 18 ).
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 can determine that a change in the time period occurred between the watermark 200 detected in the thirteenth media segment 405 ( 13 ) and the watermark 200 detected in the seventeenth media segment 405 ( 17 ).
  • the mapping of the first estimated transition window 410 as the first reference transition window 420 shows that the change in the time period occurred during one of the fifteenth to eighteenth media segments 405 ( 15 - 18 ).
  • the mapper 325 determines that the change in the time period between T and T+1 occurred during the intersection of these two windows, namely, during the media segments 405 ( 15 - 17 ) that overlap, or intersect, between the second estimated transition window 415 and the first reference transition window 420 , which forms a first mapped transition window 425 .
  • the first mapped transition window 425 represents a fine transition window in which the transition resolution has been improved.
  • the resolution comparator 320 compares the first mapped transition window 425 to the threshold. If the first mapped transition window meets the threshold, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the first mapped transition window 425 as the established time transition or the baseline moment of transition. In the example of FIG. 4 , the first mapped transition window 425 has a duration of fifteen seconds and fails to meet the threshold of five seconds.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continues operation to improve the resolution of the time transition window, which includes repetition of one or more of the operations identified above.
  • the example transition window estimator 315 determines a third estimated transition window 430 between the detection of time T+1 at the twenty-sixth media segment 405 ( 26 ) and time T+2 at the thirty-first media segment 405 ( 31 ).
  • the third estimated transition window 430 is twenty-five seconds long, which is longer in duration than the first mapped transition window 425 and, therefore, alone does not improve the timestamp transition resolution.
  • the mapper 325 uses the first mapped transition window 425 , to predict, or estimate, a second reference transition window 435 and aligns or maps the second reference transition window 435 with the third estimated transition window 430 .
  • the first mapped transition window 425 occurs during the fifteenth, sixteenth, or seventeenth media segments 405 ( 15 - 17 ).
  • the duration for a subsequent timestamp transition is during the twenty-seventh, twenty-eight, or twenty-ninth media segment 405 ( 27 - 29 ).
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 can determine that a change in the time period occurred between the twenty-sixth and thirtieth media segments 405 ( 26 - 30 ).
  • the mapping of the first mapped transition window 425 as the second reference transition window 435 shows that the change in the time period occurred during the twenty-seventh, twenty-eight, or twenty-ninth media segment 405 ( 27 - 29 ).
  • the mapper 325 determines that the change in the time period between T+1 and T+2 occurred during the media segments 405 that overlap between the third estimated transition window 430 and the second reference transition window 435 , which forms the second mapped transition window 440 .
  • the resolution comparator 320 compares the second mapped transition window 440 to the threshold. If the second mapped transition window 440 meets the threshold, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the second mapped transition window 440 as the established time transition or the baseline moment of transition. In the example of FIG. 4 , because the first mapped transition window 435 is wholly overlapped by the third estimated transition window 430 , there is no further improvement to the transition window resolution. Specifically, in this example, the transition window remains fifteen seconds and fails to meet the threshold of five seconds.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continues operation to improve the resolution of the time transition window.
  • the example transition window estimator 315 determines a fourth estimated transition window 445 between the detection of time T+2 at the thirty-first media segment 405 ( 31 ) and time T+3 at the fortieth media segment 405 ( 40 ).
  • the fourth estimated transition window 445 is fifteen seconds long, which is not shorter in duration than the second mapped transition window 440 and, therefore, alone does not improve the timestamp transition resolution.
  • the mapper 325 uses the second mapped transition window 440 to predict, or estimate, a third reference transition window 450 and aligns or maps the second reference transition window 450 with the fourth estimated transition window 445 .
  • the second mapped transition window 440 occurs during the twenty-seventh, twenty-eight, or twenty-ninth media segment 405 ( 27 - 29 ).
  • the duration of the subsequent timestamp transition is during the thirty-ninth, fortieth, and forty-first media segments 405 ( 39 - 41 ).
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 can determine that a change in the time period occurred between the thirty-seventh and thirty-ninth media segments 405 ( 37 - 39 ).
  • the mapping of the second mapped transition window 440 as the third reference transition window 450 shows that the change in the time period occurred during the thirty-ninth, fortieth, and forty-first media segments 405 ( 39 - 41 ).
  • the mapper 325 determines that the change in the time period between T+2 and T+3 occurred during the media segment 405 that overlaps, or intersects, between the fourth estimated transition window 445 and the third reference transition window 450 , which forms the third mapped transition window 455 .
  • the third mapped transition window 455 is the thirty-ninth media segment 405 ( 39 ).
  • the resolution comparator 320 compares the third mapped transition window 455 to the threshold. If the third mapped transition window 455 does not meet the threshold, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer continues through these operations to continue to improve the resolution. If the third mapped transition window 455 meets the threshold, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the third mapped transition window 455 as the established time transition or the baseline moment of transition 460 . In the example of FIG. 4 , the third mapped transition window 450 has a duration of five seconds and meets the threshold.
  • the established time transition 460 is determined.
  • the established time transition 460 is stored in a database 330 in the media device meter 125 , for example.
  • the database 330 may be used for storage and retrieval of some or all data disclosed herein including, for example, data from the sensor(s) 305 , the watermarks 200 , the estimated transition windows 410 , 415 , 430 , 445 , the reference transition windows 420 , 435 , 450 , and the mapped transition windows 425 , 440 , 455 .
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 retroactively maps prior time transitions in the media signal and/or proactively maps subsequent transitions in the media signal based on the established time transition 460 .
  • the established time transition 460 is set at the thirty-ninth media segment 405 ( 39 ).
  • the transition between time period T+2 and time period T+3 occurred during the thirty-ninth media segment 405 ( 39 ).
  • One unit of the time measurement divided into the media segments can be used to accurately locate the prior time transition, i.e., the transition between time period T+1 and T+2.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 counts back twelve segments and determines that the established transition 460 between time T+1 and time T+2 occurred during the twenty-seventh media segment 405 ( 27 ). Similarly, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 determines that the established time transition 460 between time T and time T+1 occurred during the fifteenth media segment 405 ( 15 ), and the established time transition 460 between time T ⁇ 1 and time T occurred during the third media segment 405 ( 03 ).
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 implements a voting scheme to assess the value of data.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 discards data indicative of errors. For example, data showing a decrease in a time value, data between watermarks of consecutive media segments showing a missed time unit (e.g., a skipped minute), and other erroneous or questionable data can be ignored.
  • any of the example watermark detector 145 , the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 , the example sensor(s) 305 , the example timestamp decoder 310 , the example transition window estimator 315 , the example resolution comparator 320 , the example mapper 325 , the example databased 330 , and/or, more generally, the example media device meter 125 could be implemented by one or more analog or digital circuit(s), logic circuits, programmable processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • FPLD field programmable logic device
  • At least one of the example, watermark detector 145 , the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 , the example sensor(s) 305 , the example timestamp decoder 310 , the example transition window estimator 315 , the example resolution comparator 320 , the example mapper 325 , the example databased 330 , and/or the example media device meter 125 is/are hereby expressly defined to include a non-transitory computer readable storage device or storage disk such as a memory, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a compact disk (CD), a Blu-ray disk, etc. including the software and/or firmware.
  • a non-transitory computer readable storage device or storage disk such as a memory, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a compact disk (CD), a Blu-ray disk, etc. including the software and/or firmware.
  • example media device meter 125 of FIG. 3 may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in FIG. 3 , and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices.
  • FIG. 5 A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions for implementing the media device meter 125 of FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the machine readable instructions comprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor 1012 shown in the example processor platform 1000 discussed below in connection with FIG. 6 .
  • the program may be embodied in software stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor 1012 , but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor 1012 and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware.
  • any or all of the blocks may be implemented by one or more hardware circuits (e.g., discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuitry, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated circuit (ASIC), a comparator, an operational-amplifier (op-amp), a logic circuit, etc.) structured to perform the corresponding operation without executing software or firmware.
  • hardware circuits e.g., discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuitry, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated circuit (ASIC), a comparator, an operational-amplifier (op-amp), a logic circuit, etc.
  • the example processes of FIG. 5 may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and/or machine readable medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information).
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media.
  • the example machine readable instructions 500 of FIG. 5 begin at block 505 when the watermark detector 145 detects one or more watermarks 200 from a media signal.
  • the example timestamp decoder 310 decodes a timestamp (Tn) from the watermarks (block 510 ) (in some examples n is initially set at 0). For example, the timestamp decoder 310 reads timestamps such as timestamp symbols 210 from the watermark 200 .
  • the example timestamp decoder 310 analyzes a media signal to detect and monitor subsequent watermarks and timestamps (block 515 ).
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 determines if a watermark includes a timestamp indicative of a change in time (Tn+1) (block 520 ).
  • the watermark 200 includes time symbols 210 that indicate the time at which the watermark 200 and associated media content was broadcast. As the time of day progresses, the time symbols 210 change. Eventually, a subsequent watermark 200 will include a timestamp that indicates a change of time from (Tn) to (Tn+1).
  • the example timestamp decoder 310 continues to detect and decode watermarks and timestamps (block 515 ). However, if a watermark 200 does include a timestamp indicative of change in time (block 520 ), the example transition window estimator 315 of the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 identifies an estimated transition window (Wn) (block 525 ). For example, the transition window estimator 315 determines a duration of time or time window during which the time changed from one time period to a second time period based on the duration between the two watermarks with disparate timestamps. As disclosed in the example above, the transition window estimator 315 determines the first estimated transition window 410 .
  • the example resolution comparator 320 of the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 determines if the estimated transition window (Wn) meets or satisfies a threshold time duration (block 530 ).
  • the threshold is set at five seconds, though other values may be used. If the estimated transition window (Wn) is five seconds or less, in this example, the resolution comparator 320 will determine that the threshold is met. In other words, the desired resolution of estimating when a time transition occurred has been satisfied.
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continues and sets the estimated transition window (Wn) as the moment of time transition (block 535 ).
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 retroactively and/or proactively sets prior and/or subsequent moments of time transitions (block 540 ). For example, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the established moment of time transition 460 when the resolution threshold is met. Once a moment of time transition is established with the desired resolution, other moments of time transition can be determined based on the number of media segments in a time unit. In the example disclosed above, there are five second media segments and, therefore, twelve segments in a minute.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the moment of time transition 460 and can count forward and/or backward twelve media segments to mark or otherwise note moments of other time transitions. When the moments of time transition are marked to the desired resolution level, the example program 500 ends.
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continues and sets the estimated transition window (Wn) as a reference transition window (block 545 ). For example, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the first estimated transition window 410 as the first referenced transition window 420 when the first estimated transition window 410 fails to meet the threshold.
  • the example timestamp decoder 310 and the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continue and analyze the media signal to detect and monitor subsequent watermarks and timestamps (block 550 ) to detect a watermark including a timestamp indicative of a change in time (Tn+2) (block 555 ). If a watermark 200 does not include a timestamp indicative of a change in time (block 555 ), the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continues to detect and decode watermarks and timestamps (block 550 ). However, if a watermark 200 does include a timestamp indicative of change in time (block 555 ), the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 identifies an estimated transition window (Wn+1) (block 560 ).
  • the transition window estimator 315 determines a duration of time or time window during which the time changes from a second time period to a third time period based on the duration between the two watermarks with disparate timestamps. As disclosed in the example above, the transition window estimator 315 determines the second estimated transition window 415 .
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 determines if the estimated transition window between the second time period and the third time period meets the threshold similar to block 530 . If the threshold is met, the example program would continue through blocks 535 and 540 as detailed above.
  • the example mapper 325 of the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 maps or aligns the reference transition window (Wn) with the estimated transition window (Wn+1) (block 565 ). For example, the mapper 325 maps the first estimated transition window 410 as the first reference transition window 420 to the second estimated transition window 415 .
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 determines an overlap between the reference transition window (Wn) and the estimated transition window (Wn+1) (block 570 ).
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 determines what media segments 405 ( 15 - 17 ) overlap between the media segments 405 ( 15 - 18 ) broadcast during the duration of the first reference transition window 420 and the media segments 405 ( 13 - 17 ) broadcast during the duration of the second estimated transition window 415 .
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the overlap as the mapped transition window (block 575 ).
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the overlap between the second estimated transition window 415 and the first reference transition window 420 as the first mapped transition window 425 .
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the overlap between the fourth estimated transition window 445 and the third reference transition window 450 as the third mapped transition window 455 .
  • the example resolution comparator 320 of the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 determines if the mapped transition window meets a threshold time duration (block 580 ).
  • the threshold is set at five seconds, though other values may be used. If the mapped transition window is five seconds or less, in this example, the resolution comparator 320 will determine that the threshold is met. In other words, the desired resolution of estimating when a time transition occurred has been satisfied.
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continues and sets the mapped transition window as the moment of time transition (block 585 ). In one of the examples disclosed above, the resolution comparator 320 determines that the third mapped transition window 455 meets the threshold of five seconds. The timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the third mapped transition window 455 as the established time transition 460 .
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 retroactively and/or proactively sets prior and/or subsequent moments of time transitions (block 540 ), as disclosed above.
  • the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the established moment of time transitions 460 when the resolution threshold is met for other time transitions during the broadcast of the media signal.
  • the example program 500 ends.
  • the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the mapped transition window as the reference transition window (Wn) (block 590 ). For example, when the first mapped transition window 425 fails to meet the threshold of five seconds, the timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 sets the first mapped transition window 425 as the second reference transition window 435 . Thereafter, the example timestamp decoder 310 and the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continue to monitor the media signal and repeating the analysis by returning to block 550 , after incrementing n (block 595 ) to indicate the subsequent time periods being analyzed.
  • the example timestamp decoder 310 and the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 continue execution until it is determined that the duration of the mapped transition window satisfies the threshold setting the desired resolution of a time transition window (block 580 ). When the threshold is satisfied, or the desired resolution is otherwise determined to be met, the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 proceeds through setting the mapped transition window as the moment of time transition (block 585 ) and mapping prior and/or subsequent time transition (block 540 ) as disclosed above until the example program 500 ends.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example processor platform 600 structured to execute the instructions of FIG. 5 to implement the media device meter 125 of FIG. 3 .
  • the processor platform 600 can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet such as an iPadTM), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an Internet appliance, a DVD player, a CD player, a digital video recorder, a Blu-ray player, a gaming console, a personal video recorder, a set top box, or any other type of computing device.
  • a mobile device e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet such as an iPadTM
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • an Internet appliance e.g., a DVD player, a CD player, a digital video recorder, a Blu-ray player, a gaming console, a personal video recorder, a set top box, or any other type of computing device.
  • the processor platform 600 of the illustrated example includes a processor 605 .
  • the processor 605 of the illustrated example is hardware.
  • the processor 605 can be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer.
  • the hardware processor may be a semiconductor based (e.g., silicon based) device.
  • the processor 605 implements the example watermark detector 145 , the example timestamp transition resolution enhancer 150 , the example timestamp decoder 310 , the example transition window estimator 315 , the example resolution comparator 320 , and the example mapper 325 .
  • the processor 605 of the illustrated example includes a local memory 610 (e.g., a cache).
  • the processor 605 of the illustrated example is in communication with a main memory including a volatile memory 615 and a non-volatile memory 620 via a bus 625 .
  • the volatile memory 615 may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device.
  • the non-volatile memory 620 may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the main memory 615 , 620 is controlled by a memory controller.
  • the processor platform 600 of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit 630 .
  • the interface circuit 630 may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface.
  • one or more input devices 635 are connected to the interface circuit 630 .
  • the input device(s) 635 permit(s) a user to enter data and/or commands into the processor 605 .
  • the input device(s) can be implemented by, for example, an audio sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system.
  • One or more output devices 640 are also connected to the interface circuit 630 of the illustrated example.
  • the output devices 640 can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactile output device, a printer and/or speakers).
  • the interface circuit 630 of the illustrated example thus, typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip and/or a graphics driver processor.
  • the interface circuit 630 of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network 645 (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
  • a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network 645 (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the processor platform 600 of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices 650 for storing software and/or data.
  • mass storage devices 650 include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAID systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives.
  • the coded instructions 655 of FIG. 5 may be stored in the mass storage device 655 , in the volatile memory 615 , in the non-volatile memory 620 , and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD.
  • Media signals contain watermarks with timestamps indicative of the time of broadcast of the portion of the media signal associated with the watermark.
  • Media content providers and advertisers want to know precisely when their media was broadcast, and the timestamps in the watermarks are used to provide this information.
  • the exact broadcast time of media broadcast in time slots smaller than the transition window will go undetected. For example, a transition window of one minute will not identify exactly when an advertisement with a duration of twenty seconds was broadcast. An advertiser who paid for a twenty second advertisement spot at the beginning of a minute long advertisement break would want to know that their advertisement was in fact broadcast during the first twenty seconds of the advertisement break. This level of precision cannot be provided when the timestamp transition window is too large. Examples disclosed herein improve the timestamp transition resolution to overcome the limitation of the prior art. In some examples, the resolution is improved to five seconds. The improved resolution enables the exact broadcast times of each moment of the media signal to be pinpointed down to the resolution threshold (e.g., 5 seconds). This improvement has been developed and is usable without requiring the broadcast of additional watermarks, enhanced detection techniques to capture more watermarks, or a more finite segmentation of media signals.
  • the resolution threshold e.g., 5 seconds

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
US15/800,466 2017-10-18 2017-11-01 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution Active 2037-12-30 US10347262B2 (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/800,466 US10347262B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2017-11-01 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
JP2020520794A JP7069305B2 (ja) 2017-10-18 2018-10-05 タイムスタンプトランジション分解能を改善するためのシステム、方法及び記憶媒体
EP18869283.4A EP3698548A4 (en) 2017-10-18 2018-10-05 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE TIME STAMP TRANSITION RESOLUTION
CN202210240184.3A CN114449360B (zh) 2017-10-18 2018-10-05 改进时间戳转换分辨率的系统和方法、计算机可读介质
CN201880067870.7A CN111247808B (zh) 2017-10-18 2018-10-05 改进时间戳转换分辨率的系统和方法
KR1020227006816A KR102468556B1 (ko) 2017-10-18 2018-10-05 타임스탬프 전이 해상도를 향상시키는 시스템 및 방법
KR1020207013398A KR102370460B1 (ko) 2017-10-18 2018-10-05 타임스탬프 전이 해상도를 향상시키는 시스템 및 방법
PCT/US2018/054657 WO2019079045A1 (en) 2017-10-18 2018-10-05 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING TRANSITION RESOLUTION OF TIME STAPLES
US16/450,057 US10734004B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2019-06-24 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US16/943,715 US11087772B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2020-07-30 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US17/365,842 US11562753B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2021-07-01 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
JP2022076112A JP7362835B2 (ja) 2017-10-18 2022-05-02 タイムスタンプトランジション分解能を改善するためのシステム、方法及び記憶媒体
US18/158,337 US12039983B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2023-01-23 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762573798P 2017-10-18 2017-10-18
US15/800,466 US10347262B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2017-11-01 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/450,057 Continuation US10734004B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2019-06-24 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190115034A1 US20190115034A1 (en) 2019-04-18
US10347262B2 true US10347262B2 (en) 2019-07-09

Family

ID=66097510

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/800,466 Active 2037-12-30 US10347262B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2017-11-01 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US16/450,057 Active US10734004B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2019-06-24 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US16/943,715 Active US11087772B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2020-07-30 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US17/365,842 Active US11562753B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2021-07-01 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US18/158,337 Active US12039983B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2023-01-23 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/450,057 Active US10734004B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2019-06-24 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US16/943,715 Active US11087772B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2020-07-30 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US17/365,842 Active US11562753B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2021-07-01 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US18/158,337 Active US12039983B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2023-01-23 Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (5) US10347262B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3698548A4 (zh)
JP (2) JP7069305B2 (zh)
KR (2) KR102468556B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN114449360B (zh)
WO (1) WO2019079045A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11343592B2 (en) 2020-07-23 2022-05-24 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to use station identification to enable confirmation of exposure to live media

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10347262B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2019-07-09 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
KR102454002B1 (ko) * 2018-04-02 2022-10-14 한국전자통신연구원 미디어의 시청률을 조사하기 위한 신호 처리 방법 및 그 방법을 수행하는 부가정보 삽입장치, 미디어 재생 장치, 시청률 조사 장치
US11632583B2 (en) * 2018-12-11 2023-04-18 Earbuds, Inc. System and process for synchronized media play
WO2020232279A1 (en) * 2019-05-14 2020-11-19 Yawye Generating sentiment metrics using emoji selections
US11842422B2 (en) * 2021-04-30 2023-12-12 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to extend a timestamp range supported by a watermark without breaking backwards compatibility
CN114390308B (zh) * 2022-01-05 2024-01-30 北京字跳网络技术有限公司 直播过程中的界面显示方法、装置、设备、介质及产品

Citations (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5428606A (en) 1993-06-30 1995-06-27 Moskowitz; Scott A. Digital information commodities exchange
US5613004A (en) 1995-06-07 1997-03-18 The Dice Company Steganographic method and device
US5745569A (en) 1996-01-17 1998-04-28 The Dice Company Method for stega-cipher protection of computer code
US5889868A (en) 1996-07-02 1999-03-30 The Dice Company Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US6078664A (en) 1996-12-20 2000-06-20 Moskowitz; Scott A. Z-transform implementation of digital watermarks
US6205249B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2001-03-20 Scott A. Moskowitz Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking
US20010029580A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2001-10-11 Moskowitz Scott A. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20020010684A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2002-01-24 Moskowitz Scott A. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US20020056041A1 (en) 2000-09-20 2002-05-09 Moskowitz Scott A. Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects
US20020071556A1 (en) 2000-12-07 2002-06-13 Moskowitz Scott A. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US20030219143A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2003-11-27 Moskowitz Scott A. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20040086119A1 (en) 1998-03-24 2004-05-06 Moskowitz Scott A. Method for combining transfer functions with predetermined key creation
US20040136531A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2004-07-15 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20040243540A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2004-12-02 Moskowitz Scott A. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US7007166B1 (en) 1994-12-28 2006-02-28 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US20060101269A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2006-05-11 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US7123718B1 (en) 1999-03-24 2006-10-17 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in stegnographic and cryptographic systems
US20060242325A1 (en) 2002-12-27 2006-10-26 Arun Ramaswamy Methods and apparatus for transcoding metadata
US20070011458A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2007-01-11 Scott A. Moskowitz Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20070064940A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2007-03-22 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US20070079131A1 (en) 1996-12-20 2007-04-05 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Linear predictive coding implementation of digital watermarks
US7346472B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2008-03-18 Blue Spike, Inc. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US7475246B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2009-01-06 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure personal content server
US20090217052A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2009-08-27 Thomson Licensing Method for time-stamped watermarking, method and device for time stamp decoding use
US20100077219A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-03-25 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US8554545B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2013-10-08 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to extract data encoded in media content
US20140270340A1 (en) 2011-10-10 2014-09-18 Civolution B.V. Watermark detection with payload
US20160148334A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2016-05-26 Verance Corporation Watermark detection and metadata delivery associated with a primary content
US20160150297A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2016-05-26 Verance Corporation Enhanced metadata and content delivery using watermarks
US9368123B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2016-06-14 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermark detection and extraction
US20160182973A1 (en) 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Verance Corporation Service signaling recovery for multimedia content using embedded watermarks
US9418385B1 (en) 2011-01-24 2016-08-16 Intuit Inc. Assembling a tax-information data structure
US20170228848A1 (en) * 2014-12-31 2017-08-10 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Power efficient detection of watermarks in media signals

Family Cites Families (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US791188A (en) 1903-06-15 1905-05-30 Gomer Evans Automatic cut-off for incubators.
US1073400A (en) 1912-10-31 1913-09-16 Herbert F Cook Back-stop for bowling-alleys.
US5248606A (en) 1990-06-11 1993-09-28 Dowelanco Dna encoding inactive precursor and active forms of maize ribosome inactivating protein
FR2681997A1 (fr) 1991-09-30 1993-04-02 Arbitron Cy Procede et dispositif d'identification automatique d'un programme comportant un signal sonore.
US5481294A (en) 1993-10-27 1996-01-02 A. C. Nielsen Company Audience measurement system utilizing ancillary codes and passive signatures
US5450490A (en) 1994-03-31 1995-09-12 The Arbitron Company Apparatus and methods for including codes in audio signals and decoding
FR2749073B1 (fr) 1996-05-24 1998-08-14 Davey Bickford Procede de commande de detonateurs du type a module d'allumage electronique, ensemble code de commande de tir et module d'allumage pour sa mise en oeuvre
EP1172001A4 (en) 1999-03-24 2002-08-14 Blue Spike Inc USE OF DATA REDUCTION IN STEGANOGRAPHIC AND CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS
US6871180B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2005-03-22 Arbitron Inc. Decoding of information in audio signals
AU2065901A (en) 1999-12-07 2001-06-18 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
WO2001043026A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2001-06-14 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
DE60308667T2 (de) 2002-03-28 2007-08-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Wasserzeichenzeitskalensuchen
US7899302B2 (en) * 2002-12-16 2011-03-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. System for modifying the time-base of a video signal
TWI258658B (en) 2003-07-07 2006-07-21 Sunplus Technology Co Ltd Device in CPU using address line to proceed scrambling processing and method thereof
US7084898B1 (en) * 2003-11-18 2006-08-01 Cisco Technology, Inc. System and method for providing video conferencing synchronization
US7434155B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2008-10-07 Leitch Technology, Inc. Icon bar display for video editing system
EP2122609B1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2020-06-17 Arbitron Inc. Research data gathering
WO2008146353A1 (ja) 2007-05-28 2008-12-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 電子透かし埋め込み装置および方法、及び、電子透かし検出装置および方法
US8010149B2 (en) 2007-05-29 2011-08-30 Broadcom Corporation Multi-mode IC with multiple processing cores
CN101918999B (zh) 2007-11-12 2013-11-13 尼尔森（美国）有限公司 执行音频水印嵌入以及水印检测和提取的方法和设备
US8359205B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2013-01-22 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US9214004B2 (en) * 2008-12-18 2015-12-15 Vmware, Inc. Watermarking and scalability techniques for a virtual desktop planning tool
US8416983B1 (en) * 2010-04-23 2013-04-09 The Directv Group, Inc. Method and apparatus for establishing an accurate low bit time stamp in a remotely created watermark
KR20120072198A (ko) 2010-12-23 2012-07-03 한국전자통신연구원 맞춤형 서비스 제공 시스템 및 방법
WO2014030226A1 (ja) 2012-08-22 2014-02-27 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の可変動弁装置
US9286912B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2016-03-15 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for identifying media
US9305559B2 (en) * 2012-10-15 2016-04-05 Digimarc Corporation Audio watermark encoding with reversing polarity and pairwise embedding
US9710069B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2017-07-18 Apple Inc. Flexible printed circuit having flex tails upon which keyboard keycaps are coupled
US8983888B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2015-03-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Efficient modeling system for user recommendation using matrix factorization
US9106953B2 (en) * 2012-11-28 2015-08-11 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Media monitoring based on predictive signature caching
CN103208289A (zh) * 2013-04-01 2013-07-17 上海大学 一种可抵抗重录音攻击的数字音频水印方法
US9420323B2 (en) * 2013-12-19 2016-08-16 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to verify and/or correct media lineup information
US10037187B2 (en) * 2014-11-03 2018-07-31 Google Llc Data flow windowing and triggering
US9900636B2 (en) * 2015-08-14 2018-02-20 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Reducing signature matching uncertainty in media monitoring systems
CN105181804B (zh) * 2015-10-10 2018-01-12 北京工业大学 一种用于超声波非线性效应表征的动态小波指纹分析方法
US10236031B1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2019-03-19 Digimarc Corporation Timeline reconstruction using dynamic path estimation from detections in audio-video signals
US10347262B2 (en) 2017-10-18 2019-07-09 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution

Patent Citations (229)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5428606A (en) 1993-06-30 1995-06-27 Moskowitz; Scott A. Digital information commodities exchange
US5539735A (en) 1993-06-30 1996-07-23 Moskowitz; Scott A. Digital information commodities exchange
US7007166B1 (en) 1994-12-28 2006-02-28 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US20070294536A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2007-12-20 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US20100313033A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2010-12-09 Wistaria Trading Inc Steganographic method and device
US7568100B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2009-07-28 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US20090220074A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2009-09-03 Wistaria Trading Inc. Steganographic method and device
US7761712B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2010-07-20 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US20050177727A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2005-08-11 Moskowitz Scott A. Steganographic method and device
US5687236A (en) 1995-06-07 1997-11-11 The Dice Company Steganographic method and device
US20080075277A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2008-03-27 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US7870393B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2011-01-11 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US20110069864A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2011-03-24 Scott Moskowitz Steganographic method and device
US8046841B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2011-10-25 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US8238553B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2012-08-07 Wistaria Trading, Inc Steganographic method and device
US8549305B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2013-10-01 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US5613004A (en) 1995-06-07 1997-03-18 The Dice Company Steganographic method and device
US20130195265A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2013-08-01 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US8467525B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2013-06-18 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Steganographic method and device
US9104842B2 (en) 1996-01-17 2015-08-11 Scott A. Moskowitz Data protection method and device
US8265276B2 (en) 1996-01-17 2012-09-11 Moskowitz Scott A Method for combining transfer functions and predetermined key creation
US20130014271A1 (en) 1996-01-17 2013-01-10 Moskowitz Scott A Data protection method and device
US20130205406A1 (en) 1996-01-17 2013-08-08 Scott A. Moskowitz Data protection method and device
US6598162B1 (en) 1996-01-17 2003-07-22 Scott A. Moskowitz Method for combining transfer functions with predetermined key creation
US20140226812A1 (en) 1996-01-17 2014-08-14 Moskowitz Scott A Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US20140226811A1 (en) 1996-01-17 2014-08-14 Moskowitz Scott A Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US8930719B2 (en) 1996-01-17 2015-01-06 Scott A. Moskowitz Data protection method and device
US20150074817A1 (en) 1996-01-17 2015-03-12 Moskowitz Scott A Data protection method and device
US9021602B2 (en) 1996-01-17 2015-04-28 Scott A. Moskowitz Data protection method and device
US9171136B2 (en) 1996-01-17 2015-10-27 Wistaria Trading Ltd Data protection method and device
US20100098251A1 (en) 1996-01-17 2010-04-22 Moskowitz Scott A Method for combining transfer functions and predetermined key creation
US9191205B2 (en) 1996-01-17 2015-11-17 Wistaria Trading Ltd Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US9191206B2 (en) 1996-01-17 2015-11-17 Wistaria Trading Ltd Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US5745569A (en) 1996-01-17 1998-04-28 The Dice Company Method for stega-cipher protection of computer code
US20080016365A1 (en) 1996-01-17 2008-01-17 Moskowitz Scott A Data protection method and device
US20100293387A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-11-18 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US8175330B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2012-05-08 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US9843445B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2017-12-12 Wistaria Trading Ltd System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US7779261B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-08-17 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US9830600B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2017-11-28 Wistaria Trading Ltd Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US20070113094A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2007-05-17 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US20160149701A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2016-05-26 Wistaria Trading Ltd System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US9258116B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2016-02-09 Wistaria Trading Ltd System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US7770017B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-08-03 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US20070226506A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2007-09-27 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US5889868A (en) 1996-07-02 1999-03-30 The Dice Company Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US7830915B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-11-09 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Methods and systems for managing and exchanging digital information packages with bandwidth securitization instruments
US20150261639A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2015-09-17 Blue Spike Llc Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US20150193770A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2015-07-09 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US9070151B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2015-06-30 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US20010029580A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2001-10-11 Moskowitz Scott A. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20140241524A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2014-08-28 Blue Spike, Inc. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US6522767B1 (en) 1996-07-02 2003-02-18 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US8774216B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2014-07-08 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Exchange mechanisms for digital information packages with bandwidth securitization, multichannel digital watermarks, and key management
US20070300073A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2007-12-27 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20070300072A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2007-12-27 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20070011458A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2007-01-11 Scott A. Moskowitz Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20080022113A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-01-24 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection and detection of digital of digital watermarks in digital data
US20080022114A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-01-24 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20030219143A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2003-11-27 Moskowitz Scott A. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20080046742A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-02-21 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US7343492B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-03-11 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US7844074B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-11-30 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20130198083A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2013-08-01 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US7362775B1 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-04-22 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Exchange mechanisms for digital information packages with bandwidth securitization, multichannel digital watermarks, and key management
US7107451B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2006-09-12 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US8307213B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2012-11-06 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US8281140B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2012-10-02 Wistaria Trading, Inc Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20080133927A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-06-05 Wistaria Trading Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US20080151934A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-06-26 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Exchange mechanisms for digital information packages with bandwidth securitization, multichannel digital watermarks, and key management
US7095874B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2006-08-22 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US7409073B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-08-05 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20110010555A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-01-13 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US7822197B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-10-26 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US8161286B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2012-04-17 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US8121343B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2012-02-21 Wistaria Trading, Inc Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20110305365A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-12-15 Scott Moskowitz Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20060101269A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2006-05-11 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Method and system for digital watermarking
US7991188B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-08-02 Wisteria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US7457962B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2008-11-25 Wistaria Trading, Inc Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US7987371B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-07-26 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20090037740A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2009-02-05 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US7953981B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-05-31 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20110103639A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-05-05 Scott Moskowitz Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US20060285722A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2006-12-21 Moskowitz Scott A Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US7930545B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-04-19 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US7913087B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-03-22 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20100077219A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-03-25 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20100005308A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-01-07 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20100002904A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-01-07 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data
US7647502B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-01-12 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US7647503B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-01-12 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, projection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20110019691A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-01-27 Scott Moskowitz Exchange mechanisms for digital information packages with bandwidth securitization, multichannel digital watermarks, and key management
US20100077220A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-03-25 Moskowitz Scott A Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US7877609B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2011-01-25 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US7664958B2 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-02-16 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US20100064140A1 (en) 1996-07-02 2010-03-11 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data
US7152162B2 (en) 1996-12-20 2006-12-19 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Z-transform implementation of digital watermarks
US8225099B2 (en) 1996-12-20 2012-07-17 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Linear predictive coding implementation of digital watermarks
US20050135615A1 (en) 1996-12-20 2005-06-23 Moskowitz Scott A. Z-transform implementation of digital watermarks
US7730317B2 (en) 1996-12-20 2010-06-01 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Linear predictive coding implementation of digital watermarks
US6853726B1 (en) 1996-12-20 2005-02-08 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Z-transform implementation of digital watermarks
US6078664A (en) 1996-12-20 2000-06-20 Moskowitz; Scott A. Z-transform implementation of digital watermarks
US20100202607A1 (en) 1996-12-20 2010-08-12 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Linear predictive coding implementation of digital watermarks
US20070079131A1 (en) 1996-12-20 2007-04-05 Wistaria Trading, Inc. Linear predictive coding implementation of digital watermarks
US7664263B2 (en) 1998-03-24 2010-02-16 Moskowitz Scott A Method for combining transfer functions with predetermined key creation
US20040086119A1 (en) 1998-03-24 2004-05-06 Moskowitz Scott A. Method for combining transfer functions with predetermined key creation
US20160004875A1 (en) 1998-03-24 2016-01-07 Wistaria Trading Ltd Data protection method and device
US20140233730A1 (en) 1998-04-02 2014-08-21 Moskowitz Mr Scott A Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US8542831B2 (en) 1998-04-02 2013-09-24 Scott A. Moskowitz Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US20100220861A1 (en) 1998-04-02 2010-09-02 Moskowitz Scott A Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US6205249B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2001-03-20 Scott A. Moskowitz Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking
US20010010078A1 (en) 1998-04-02 2001-07-26 Moskowitz Scott A. Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking
US7035409B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2006-04-25 Moskowitz Scott A Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking
US20060140403A1 (en) 1998-04-02 2006-06-29 Moskowitz Scott A Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US7738659B2 (en) 1998-04-02 2010-06-15 Moskowitz Scott A Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US20130294641A1 (en) 1998-04-02 2013-11-07 Scott A. Moskowitz Multiple transform utilization and application for secure digital watermarking
US7664264B2 (en) 1999-03-24 2010-02-16 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US20140369500A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2014-12-18 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US20160142207A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2016-05-19 Wistaria Trading Ltd Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US9893888B2 (en) 1999-03-24 2018-02-13 Wistaria Trading Ltd Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US20130188823A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2013-07-25 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US8781121B2 (en) 1999-03-24 2014-07-15 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US20100153734A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2010-06-17 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic system
US20070064940A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2007-03-22 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US20120207303A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2012-08-16 Moskowitz Scott A Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US7123718B1 (en) 1999-03-24 2006-10-17 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in stegnographic and cryptographic systems
US8526611B2 (en) 1999-03-24 2013-09-03 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US20180109382A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2018-04-19 Wistaria Trading Ltd Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US8160249B2 (en) 1999-03-24 2012-04-17 Blue Spike, Inc. Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic system
US9270859B2 (en) 1999-03-24 2016-02-23 Wistaria Trading Ltd Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems
US8789201B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2014-07-22 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure personal content server
US20140282858A1 (en) 1999-08-04 2014-09-18 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure Personal Content Server
US9710669B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2017-07-18 Wistaria Trading Ltd Secure personal content server
US7475246B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2009-01-06 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure personal content server
US9231980B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2016-01-05 Wistaria Trading Ltd Secure personal content server
US8171561B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2012-05-01 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure personal content server
US9934408B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2018-04-03 Wistaria Trading Ltd Secure personal content server
US8739295B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2014-05-27 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure personal content server
US20090089427A1 (en) 1999-08-04 2009-04-02 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure personal content server
US20170262652A1 (en) 1999-08-04 2017-09-14 Wistaria Trading Ltd Secure personal content server
US20120209955A1 (en) 1999-08-04 2012-08-16 Moskowitz Scott A Secure personal content server
US20130185397A1 (en) 1999-08-04 2013-07-18 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure personal content server
US20160196447A1 (en) 1999-08-04 2016-07-07 Blue Spike, Inc. Secure personal content server
US8767962B2 (en) 1999-12-07 2014-07-01 Blue Spike, Inc. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US8265278B2 (en) 1999-12-07 2012-09-11 Blue Spike, Inc. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US7532725B2 (en) 1999-12-07 2009-05-12 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US20110026709A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2011-02-03 Scott Moskowitz System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US8538011B2 (en) 1999-12-07 2013-09-17 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US20170286955A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2017-10-05 Wistaria Trading Ltd Systems, Methods and Devices for Trusted Transactions
US20120300928A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2012-11-29 Scott Moskowitz System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US20070028113A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2007-02-01 Moskowitz Scott A Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US20170243205A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2017-08-24 Wistaria Trading Ltd Systems, Methods and Devices for Trusted Transactions
US20090190754A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2009-07-30 Blue Spike, Inc. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US8798268B2 (en) 1999-12-07 2014-08-05 Blue Spike, Inc. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US7159116B2 (en) 1999-12-07 2007-01-02 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US20130198037A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2013-08-01 Blue Spike, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US7813506B2 (en) 1999-12-07 2010-10-12 Blue Spike, Inc System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US20130195270A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2013-08-01 Blue Spike, Inc. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US20170294206A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2017-10-12 Wistaria Trading Ltd System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US20070110240A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2007-05-17 Blue Spike, Inc. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US20020010684A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2002-01-24 Moskowitz Scott A. Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions
US8214175B2 (en) 2000-09-07 2012-07-03 Blue Spike, Inc. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US8712728B2 (en) 2000-09-07 2014-04-29 Blue Spike Llc Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US20130204899A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2013-08-08 Blue Spike Llc Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US20080109417A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2008-05-08 Blue Spike, Inc. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US7346472B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2008-03-18 Blue Spike, Inc. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US20100106736A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2010-04-29 Blue Spike, Inc. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US20110179069A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2011-07-21 Scott Moskowitz Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US7660700B2 (en) 2000-09-07 2010-02-09 Blue Spike, Inc. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US20140095112A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2014-04-03 Blue Spike Llc Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US20120239686A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2012-09-20 Scott Moskowitz Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US7949494B2 (en) 2000-09-07 2011-05-24 Blue Spike, Inc. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US20040243540A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2004-12-02 Moskowitz Scott A. Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals
US8612765B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2013-12-17 Blue Spike, Llc Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects
US7127615B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2006-10-24 Blue Spike, Inc. Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects
US20120278627A1 (en) 2000-09-20 2012-11-01 Moskowitz Scott A Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects
US20080028222A1 (en) 2000-09-20 2008-01-31 Blue Spike, Inc. Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects
US20020056041A1 (en) 2000-09-20 2002-05-09 Moskowitz Scott A. Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects
US8271795B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2012-09-18 Blue Spike, Inc. Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects
US20020071556A1 (en) 2000-12-07 2002-06-13 Moskowitz Scott A. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US7177429B2 (en) 2000-12-07 2007-02-13 Blue Spike, Inc. System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects
US7426641B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-09-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7437565B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-10-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070230696A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-10-04 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7284130B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-10-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7398397B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-07-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070230741A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-10-04 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070230740A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-10-04 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070223782A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-09-27 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7421584B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-09-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070223783A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-09-27 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7426640B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-09-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070223784A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-09-27 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070223786A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-09-27 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7380127B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-05-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070217652A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-09-20 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070217606A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-09-20 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7428640B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-09-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7437564B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-10-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20040136531A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2004-07-15 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20070217653A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-09-20 Wataru Asano Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7370207B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-05-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US7451320B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2008-11-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Digital watermark detection method and apparatus
US20060242325A1 (en) 2002-12-27 2006-10-26 Arun Ramaswamy Methods and apparatus for transcoding metadata
US9900652B2 (en) 2002-12-27 2018-02-20 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for transcoding metadata
US7827312B2 (en) 2002-12-27 2010-11-02 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for transcoding metadata
US20140082220A1 (en) 2002-12-27 2014-03-20 Arun Ramaswamy Methods and apparatus for transcoding metadata
US20110016231A1 (en) 2002-12-27 2011-01-20 Arun Ramaswamy Methods and Apparatus for Transcoding Metadata
US9609034B2 (en) 2002-12-27 2017-03-28 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for transcoding metadata
US20170195716A1 (en) 2002-12-27 2017-07-06 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for transcoding metadata
US8601163B2 (en) 2002-12-27 2013-12-03 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for transcoding metadata
US20090217052A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2009-08-27 Thomson Licensing Method for time-stamped watermarking, method and device for time stamp decoding use
US8554545B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2013-10-08 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to extract data encoded in media content
US9418385B1 (en) 2011-01-24 2016-08-16 Intuit Inc. Assembling a tax-information data structure
US20170236240A1 (en) 2011-10-10 2017-08-17 Nexguard Labs B.V. Watermark detection with payload
US9805436B2 (en) 2011-10-10 2017-10-31 Civolution B.V. Watermark detection with payload
US20140270340A1 (en) 2011-10-10 2014-09-18 Civolution B.V. Watermark detection with payload
US9514505B2 (en) 2011-10-10 2016-12-06 Civolution B.V. Watermark detection with payload
US9368123B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2016-06-14 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermark detection and extraction
US20170374434A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2017-12-28 Verance Corporation Enhanced metadata and content delivery using watermarks
US20160150297A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2016-05-26 Verance Corporation Enhanced metadata and content delivery using watermarks
US9769543B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2017-09-19 Verance Corporation Enhanced metadata and content delivery using watermarks
US9942602B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2018-04-10 Verance Corporation Watermark detection and metadata delivery associated with a primary content
US20160148334A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2016-05-26 Verance Corporation Watermark detection and metadata delivery associated with a primary content
US9602891B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2017-03-21 Verance Corporation Service signaling recovery for multimedia content using embedded watermarks
US20160182973A1 (en) 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Verance Corporation Service signaling recovery for multimedia content using embedded watermarks
US20170251282A1 (en) 2014-12-18 2017-08-31 Verance Corporation Service signaling recovery for multimedia content using embedded watermarks
US20170228848A1 (en) * 2014-12-31 2017-08-10 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Power efficient detection of watermarks in media signals

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
International Searching Authority, "Search Report," issued in connection with PCT patent application No. PCT/US2018/054657, dated Feb. 12, 2019, 8 pages.
International Searching Authority, "Written Opinion," issued in connection with PCT patent application No. PCT/US2018/054657, dated Feb. 12, 2019, 5 pages.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11343592B2 (en) 2020-07-23 2022-05-24 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to use station identification to enable confirmation of exposure to live media
US11778284B2 (en) 2020-07-23 2023-10-03 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to use station identification to enable confirmation of exposure to live media
US11917267B2 (en) 2020-07-23 2024-02-27 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to use station identification to enable confirmation of exposure to live media

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111247808B (zh) 2022-03-29
JP2022110027A (ja) 2022-07-28
US20200357419A1 (en) 2020-11-12
US12039983B2 (en) 2024-07-16
US20190311726A1 (en) 2019-10-10
KR102468556B1 (ko) 2022-11-18
US11087772B2 (en) 2021-08-10
JP7362835B2 (ja) 2023-10-17
KR20220031942A (ko) 2022-03-14
WO2019079045A1 (en) 2019-04-25
US10734004B2 (en) 2020-08-04
JP7069305B2 (ja) 2022-05-17
US20210327443A1 (en) 2021-10-21
US20190115034A1 (en) 2019-04-18
US11562753B2 (en) 2023-01-24
CN111247808A (zh) 2020-06-05
CN114449360B (zh) 2024-06-21
US20230162745A1 (en) 2023-05-25
EP3698548A4 (en) 2021-07-21
JP2021500788A (ja) 2021-01-07
KR102370460B1 (ko) 2022-03-04
CN114449360A (zh) 2022-05-06
KR20200059303A (ko) 2020-05-28
EP3698548A1 (en) 2020-08-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US12039983B2 (en) Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution
US11558676B2 (en) Methods and apparatus to synthesize reference media signatures
US11438649B2 (en) Methods and apparatus to optimize reference signature matching using watermark matching
US12088865B2 (en) Methods and apparatus for affiliate interrupt detection
US11271665B2 (en) Media identification using watermarks and signatures
US12126431B2 (en) Media identification using watermarks and signatures

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: BIG.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

AS Assignment

Owner name: THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GUPTA, SADHANA;KUZNETSOV, VLADIMIR;GISH, DAVID;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20171002 TO 20181022;REEL/FRAME:047310/0793

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED -- APPLICATION RECEIVED IN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT RECEIVED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT VERIFIED

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

AS Assignment

Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A., NEW YORK

Free format text: SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC;ACN HOLDINGS INC.;ACNIELSEN CORPORATION;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:053473/0001

Effective date: 20200604

AS Assignment

Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A, NEW YORK

Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE PATENTS LISTED ON SCHEDULE 1 RECORDED ON 6-9-2020 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 053473 FRAME 0001. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE SUPPLEMENTAL IP SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:A.C. NIELSEN (ARGENTINA) S.A.;A.C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC;ACN HOLDINGS INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:054066/0064

Effective date: 20200604

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 4

AS Assignment

Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., NEW YORK

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC;GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC;GRACENOTE, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:063560/0547

Effective date: 20230123

AS Assignment

Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A., NEW YORK

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC;GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC;GRACENOTE, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:063561/0381

Effective date: 20230427

AS Assignment

Owner name: ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION, NEW YORK

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC;GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC;GRACENOTE, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:063574/0632

Effective date: 20230508

AS Assignment

Owner name: NETRATINGS, LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 053473 / FRAME 0001);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063603/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 053473 / FRAME 0001);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063603/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 053473 / FRAME 0001);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063603/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: GRACENOTE, INC., NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 053473 / FRAME 0001);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063603/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: EXELATE, INC., NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 053473 / FRAME 0001);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063603/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 053473 / FRAME 0001);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063603/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: NETRATINGS, LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 054066 / FRAME 0064);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063605/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 054066 / FRAME 0064);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063605/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 054066 / FRAME 0064);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063605/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: GRACENOTE, INC., NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 054066 / FRAME 0064);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063605/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: EXELATE, INC., NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 054066 / FRAME 0064);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063605/0001

Effective date: 20221011

Owner name: A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASE (REEL 054066 / FRAME 0064);ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:063605/0001

Effective date: 20221011