US1028958A - Chimney top or ventilator. - Google Patents

Description

1 Patented June 11,' 1912.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

J L PHILLIPS CHIMNEY TOP 0R VENTILATOR.

Patented June 11, 1912.

l I 1 I y I I JESSE L. PHILLIPS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CHIMNEY TO]? OR VENTILATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 11, 1912.

Application filed May 8, 1911. Serial No. 625,934.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, Jnssn L. PHILLIPS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chimney Tops or Ventilators, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to tops or cowls for chimneys, ventilators or other shafts for air or gases, or both, and has for its principal object to provide a simple, durable and efli cient top for a chimney or ventilator shaft in order that a good, strong upward draft through the same-and a positive discharge from the chimney or shaft are insured, while at the same time the chimney or shaft is protected from downward drafts or currents of air due to the prevailing winds or to the proximity of high buildings or walls.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved top for a chimney or ventilator shaft having .its parts arranged in such manner that a forced upward draft through the chimney or shaft is insured and of such simple construction and arrange ment that the various parts including the upper section of the ventilator shaft or chimney as well as the top or cowl may be formed of cast metal on account of the cheapness of such construction as well as the well known properties of cast metal such as cast iron to resist the corroding effect of acids commonly contained in smoke or gases generated from coal and other" common forms of combustible materials used in furnaces or found in train sheds and other buildings desired to be ventilated.

The invention further consists in the fea tures of novelty understood from the .fol-

' lowing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and pointedout more specifically in the claims.

In the said drawings, Figure 1 is aside elevat'io-n View of my improved chimney top or ventilator showing the same attached. to a specially constructed upper sect-ion'of chim-- 1 ney pipe or ventilator shaft, and Fig. .2 is a full vertical sectionalv view of the same on line 2-2, Fig. 5. vFig 3is an enlarged broken perspective view of the hood with the top or head thereof removed. Fig. 4 is a sectional view looking downward on line 4 4, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional view looking downward on line 55, Fig. 2. Figs. 6

lator pipe and showing the manner in which I the hood is attached to and cooperates therewith. i

The chimney or ventilator pipe is preferably provided at its upper extremity with a section or length as indicated by the reference character 10 of cast or other suitable metal having atits upper extremity a flaring rim or flange as indicated by the reference character 10, said rim or flange being cut away at a plurality of places in its per phery forming notches as indicated at 10 I Cooperating with the upper section 10 of the pipe is an irregularly shaped hood adapted .to surround and partially cover the pipe at its upper end, the same being shown in the detail plan view, Fig. 5, and inthe perspective view, Fig. 3, and consisting of a plurality of separated passages widely opened at the bottom and gradually narrowed or contracted toward and beyond the top of the pipe 10.

In the form ofthe invention illustrated the hood is shown divided into six parts or convolutions, each flaring outwardly at the bottom and gradually contracted toward the top both in width and thickness, thewalls of each of such passageways being indicated by the reference character 11, and the passages themselves are each indicated by the reference character 12. Betweeneach'of the passages 12 the wall of the hood is contracted sov that fora short distance on its inner periphery, as indicated at 13, the hood is adapted to telescope over the exterior of the pipe 10 closely fitting around the same to prevent in so far as is possible any looseness between the hood and pipe and at the same time allowing just a sufiicient amount of space between the hood -and the outer periphery of the pipe to permit the hood to be readily attached and. detached from the pipe.

As already indicated, one of the features of the invention is to so construct not only the pipe but the hood as well so that these parts, if desired, may be made of cast'metal but whether made of cast metal or suitable sheet metal the weight of the hood will be suflicient to cause it to maintain its position relative to the upper end of the pipe when placed in position thereon. Should it be desired, however, it will be apparent that the hood may be readily bolted to the upper end of the pipe at any place throughout the length of the contracted portions 13 of the hood. The notches 10 heretofore referred to formed in the peripheral portion 10 of the pipe are of a sufficient number and so formed as to register with the contracted portions 13 of the hood when the hood is in position on the top of the pipe,'as shown in Fig. 5.

One of the important features of the invention is in the provision of means for dividing the opening in the pipe at its upper extremity into a plurality of discharge passages. This I preferably accomplish by forming on the interior of the hood a plurality of integral division walls which radiate from the center of the hood interior to the walls thereof and join with the said walls preferably at the contracted portions 13. When the hood is formed with the six draft passages as shown in the drawings, it is preferred that the discharge opening on the interior of the hood and the pipe be divided into three discharge passages, which is accomplished by forming the division plates which are indicated by the reference. character 14 joined to the alternate contracted portions 13. It is preferred that the division plates 14. extend downwardly into the pipe I 10 for some distance below the top thereof and to do this it is necessary to separate the I plates 14: from the walls of the hood a sufficient distance to accommodate the thickness of the walls of the pipe. This cut-away portion or offset between the division plates and the contracted portions 13 of the hood is indicated by the reference character 14? and the manner of the insertion of the hood over the upper end of the pipe is shown most clearly in the detail sectional view, Fig. 7. My preferred manner of constructing the division plates 1 f at their upper extremities integral with the walls of the hood at the contracted portions 13 when the plates are oflset as at 1 1 results in the formation of the shoulders at the upper extremitiesof the offsets as indicated at 14 which shoulders form convenient seats for resting the hood upon the upper extremity of the pipe at the cut-away portions 10 This construe-- tion makes it unnecessary to provide other means for securing the hood to the upper end of the pipe since the weight of the hood and the parts of the chimney top supported thereby will serve to hold the same in position. It is preferred that the upper edges of the division plates be cut away beginning at their outer peripheries adjacent the contracted portions or walls 13 of the hood'along lines converging downwardly toward the center of the hood as indicated at 15, (Figs. 1 and 2).

Above the extreme upper end of the hood and separated a short distance therefrom is a top cap suitably supported and comprising an imperforate cap plate 16 preferably of a circular form and given a slightly conical shape with the apex of the cone at ap- 7 proximately the center thereof. The head cap is also provided with a supplemental top plate between the cap plate 16 and the hood Which is perforated in order that it may not interfere with the passage of the urrent above the upper opening in the top of the hood, the same being indicated by the reference character 17, a detail planview being shown in Fig. 4;.- The plate 17 is preferably given the shape of a frustum of cone with 30 rather a slight upward inclination toward the center, and around its inner periphery there is preferably formed a narrow vertically-extending flange as indicated at 18.

Extending from the flange 18 and secured 5 to the top of plate 17 is a plurality of radial vanes 19 extending vertically and increasing in height to the outer periphery of the plate 17. Both plates 16 and 17 forming the top cap are preferably supported from the hood by a plurality of bars as indicated at 20 which may conveniently be bolted to the inner peripheral portions 13 of the hood on those portions lying betwen the portions 13 which have the division plates 14: secured thereto. Bolts for this purpose are shown at 21, bolts for securing the top plate at 22,

and bolts for securing the flanged cap plate a The operation of the device is similar vent any tendency to down or back drafts.

In the construction of my improved device special attention is given to the provision of means for accomplishing this purpose, particularly when the atmosphere on the outside of a building where the device is adapted to be located is in motion. A wind from any direct-ion blowing against the pipe adjacent the lower flared openings of the hood will tend to force the air upwardly into the contracted passages 12, the direction of such currents being indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2. The act-ion of the current in being deflected upwardly through passages 12 is augmented by the fact that theside walls of the passages 12 'on the hood are formed integrally With and extend in a downward direction to the periphery of the pipe and preferably several inches below the lower extremity of the outer walls of the passages 12 on the hood. These downwardly In either the ventilators or the 105 inclined side edges are indicated by the reference character 24 and the lower extremity of the outer wall covering the passages 12 on the hood by 25. The contraction of the passages 12 by the shape of the walls 11 of the hood is further augmented by the outwardly extending flanges 10 on the top of the pipe section 10 and when the air passes through the opening between the flanges at the upper end of the pipe and the walls 11 of the hood on being forced through a narrowed opening its velocity will be increased, and in passing over and beyond the angular flanges at the upper extremity of the pipe the current will produce a suction by .the exhaustion of the air on the inside of the pipe which will cause a current to flow upwardly through the pipe 10 and so exhaust air or gases therein, all of which will pass upwardly and outwardly through the divided passages through the hood and upwardly through the supplemental top plate 19 and thence outwardly under cap plate 16. The action of the current upwardly and over the outwardly flanged upper end of the top sect-ion of the pipe is rendered more certain by reason of the division plates 1 1 which divide the upper end of the pipe and the hood into a plurality of separated passages tending to prevent the action of counter or down drafts and insuring an upward current in at least one of the separated passages in whatever direction or with whatever velocity the atmosphere on the outside may be moving. The fact that the division plates 14 have their upper edges formed to converge downwardly from their outside top edges toward the center of the hood to a point approximately on a level with the upper extremity of the pipe is found to be an advantage in that the open space thus formed in the hood above the top of the pipe will have a constant tendency to have a vacuum created therein not only by the suction induced by the current passing upwardly through the divisions in the hood but also by currents that pass over the intermediate plate 17 and under the top cap plate 16. Such action is further enhanced by the construction of the intermediate plate 17 which has already been described. lVhen the air blowing from any direct-ion strikes the intermediate plate 17 at approximately right angles to the axial line of the pipe, the shape of the plate 17 as well as the vertical radial vanes 19 will deflect the current inwardlyand upwardly until it passes over the vertical flange 18 and thence outwardly between the plate 17 and the cap 16. Thus current will in passing over the flange 18 produce a suction within the open space on the inside of the hood atthe top thereof where the walls 14 are angularly cut away, thus tending to assist the drawingaction of the currents passing upwardly through whatever direction the current of air may be a moving on the outside of the building.

Another very important feature of my i11- vention is due to the irregular shape of the hood on its exterior. The walls 11 of the hood being depressed inwardly at 13 in a plurality of planes around the periphery extending longitudinally of the hood affords a series of passages closed on three sides and open on the fourth side which are indicated by the reference character 26, Figs. 1, 8 and 5. There being six of such outwardly opening vertical passages as shown in the preferred embodiment of the invention it will be apparent that from whatever direction the current of air may strike the hood on its outer periphery these passages will gather the current and tend to deflect it upwardly and cause the current to enter the opening'on the inside of the ribbed and flanged top plate 17 and such current will continue upwardly until it strikes the cap plate 16 when it will be deflected outwardly under this plate. These currents of air thus passing upwardly on the outside of the hood in the grooves or passages 26 therein will also tend to have a siphonic action upon the air or gases on the interior of the hood and pipe and are found in practice to greatly increase the draft and to decrease the tendency of the ventilator or chimney to produce down drafts.

In the above description of my improved ventilator or chimney, the device has been especially described for ventilating chimneys or air shafts of buildings but it will be apparent that it is adapted for use on air shafts or chimneys which extend from the interior to the exterior of any form of moving vehicle such as road carriages and various forms of railway carriages or cars and street cars as well as water craft.

In order that the invention might be fully understood, the details of the preferred embodiment have been specifically described but it will be apparent that those skilled in the art may make many modifications of such details without departing from the purpose and spirit of the invention.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a peripheral flange secured to the upper extremity of the pipe and forming an enlargement thereon, a hood havinga larger inside diameter than the outside diameter of said pipe and flange, the said hood being secured adjacent to and extending beyond the upper extremity of the pipe whereby a draft passage is provided between the periphery of the pipe and the interior of the hood, and a cap comprising an imperforate cap plate supported above the top of the hood, and a perforated plate supported between the upper extremity of the hood and the said imperforate cap plate.

2. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood having a larger inside diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe, the said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, a perforated top plate supported above the upper extremity of the hood, the said perforation in the top plate registering approximately with the passageway in the pipe but of sufficient diameter to permit the discharge of currents from the alternate vertically extending passages both on the interior and exterior of-the hood, and an imperforate cap plate supported immediately above the said perforated top plate, there being a peripheral discharge passage way between the perforated top plate and the imperforate cap plate.

3. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe, the said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and'exterior of the hood, the said interior passages being closed longitudinally by the walls of the pipe whereby a plurality of vertical draft passages are formed around the exterior of the pipe and discharging into the upper extremity of the hood beyond the upper end of the pipe, and a cap supported above the top of the hood.

ft- In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with'a pipe, of a hood having a larger inside diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe, the said ho'od being secured adjacent to and extending beyond the upper extremity of the pipe whereby a draft passage is provided between the periphery of the pipe and the interior of the hood, a division plate secured to the hood near its upper extremity but separated from the walls of the hood at its lower extremity whereby the hood may be telescoped over the pipe walls, there being shoulders formed at the ends of the offsets of the said division plates adjacent the walls of the hood to furnish seats for supporting the hood on the upper extremity of the pipe.

5. In a chimney top or ventilator, the

combination with a pipe, of a hood having a larger inside diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe, the said hood being secured adjacent to and extending beyond the upper extremity of i the pipe whereby a draft passage is provided between the periphery of the pipe and the interior of the hood, a cap comprising an imperforate cap plate supported above the top of the hood, a perforated plate supported between the upper extremity of the hood and the said imperforate cap plate, the perforation in the last said plate being adapted to register with the discharge opening in the upper extremity of the hood, and a division plate secured within the dis charge opening between the upper extremity of the pipe and the hood, the said plate being adapted to divide the discharge opening of the pipe into a plurality of vertically extending passages and having its upper edge out at an acute angle to the vertical axis of the pipe.

6. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood having a larger mean inside diameter than the out side diameter of the pipe, said hood being secured to and extending beyond the upper extremity of the pipe whereby a draft passage is provided between the periphery of the pipe and the interior of the hood, a cap plate secured above the top of the hood whereby a discharge passage is formed between the said cap plate and the upper extremity of the hood, and a plurality of division plates extending from within the upper end of the pipe into the said hood and dividing the opening leading from the pipe into the hood into a plurality of vertically extending discharge passages, the upper edges of the said division plates being cut at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the pipe.

7. In a chimney top or ventilator, the

combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe, the said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, a division plate secured within the said hood at the upper extremity of the pipe whereby the opening leading from the pipe into the hood is divided into a plurality of discharge passages, a perforated top plate secured above the upper extremity of the hood, the perforation in the said plate being adapted to register with the outer periphery of the said hood whereby upwardly deflected currents of air in the'alternate passages -on both the interior and exterior of the hood may discharge within the perforation in the said top plate, and a cap plate supported above the said perforated plate whereby a discharge passage is provided between the said plates.

8. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe, the said hood having a larger inside diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being in the general form of the frustum of a cone or pyramid with the larger end surrounding and extending below the upper extremity of the pipe and having its contracted end extending above the upper extremity of the pipe whereby a draft passage is provided between the periphery of the pipe and the interior of the hood, a division plate secured within the. opening leading from the pipe into the hood whereby a plurality of separated discharge passages are formed, and a cap supported above the top of the hood.

9. In a chimney top or ventilator, the

combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe, the said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, and a division plate secured within the opening leading from the upper extremity of the said pipe into the hood whereby the said opening is divided into a plurality of discharge passages.

10. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe. said hood being of a larger diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe, there being corrugations in the hood to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, said hood being in the form of the frustum of a pyramid or cone with its largest diameter extending downwardly and over the lower extremity of the pipe and having its con-- tracted end extending beyond the upper extremity of the pipe, a plurality of division plates secured to the hood adjacent its upper extremity along the apices of the inwardly extending corrugations of the hood, said division plates being oflset from the walls of the hood for a portion of their length whereby the lower extremity of the plates may extend into the interior of the pipe at its upper extremity, the offset portions of the plates forming shoulders or seats at their upper extremities for supporting the hood in position'on the top of the pipe.

11. In a chimney top or ventilator,the combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe, the said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, the walls of the hood adjacent the corrugations being given a sharp angular form whereby the corrugations on the exterior of the hood are adapted to retard the currents of air and deflect them upwardly therein beyond the upper extremity of'the hood.

12. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe, the said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, the walls of the hood adjacent the corrugations being given a sharp angular form whereby the corrugations on the exterior of the hood are adapted to retard the currents of air and deflect them upwardly therein beyond the upper extremity of the hood, and a cap supported above the top of the hood.

13. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe, the said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, the walls of the hood adjacent the corrugations being given a sharp angular form whereby the corrugations on the exterior of the hood are adapted to retard the currents of air and deflect them upwardly therein beyond the upper extremity of the hood, and a cap supported above the top of the hood, the said capcomprising an imperforate plate and a perforated plate supported between the up per extremity of the hood and the said imperforate plate, the perforation of the last said plate being of a size adapted to register with the outside periphery of the upper extremity of the hood whereby the vertically extending passages alternating on both the interior and exterior of the hood may discharge into the said perforation in the plate and beneath the said imperforate top plate.

14. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe,

said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, and an enlarged peripheral flange secured to the pipe at the upper extremity thereof, there being a plurality of cut-away portions in said flange adapted to register with the inner corrugations on the said hood when the hood is in position on the upper extremity of the pipe.

15. In a chimney top or ventilator, the' combination witha pipe, of a hood adapted to surround the upper extremity of the pipe, said hood being of a larger mean diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe and being corrugated to form a plurality of vertically extending passages alternating on the interior and exterior of the hood, an enlarged peripheral flange secured to the pipe at the upper extremity thereof, there being a plurality of cut-away portions in said flange adapted to register with the inner corrugations on the said hood when the hood is in position on the upper extremity of the pipe, and a cap supported above the top of the hood.

16. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood having a larger inside diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe, the said hood being secured adjacent to and beyond the upper extremity of the pipe whereby a draft passage is provided between the periphery of the pipe and the interior of the hood, and a cap comprising an imperforate cap plate supported above the top of the hood, and a perforated plate supported between the upper extremity of the hood and the said imperforate cap plate, the said perforated plate being provided on its inner periphery with a vertically extending flange for giving an upward deflection to lateraI air currents.

17 In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood having a larger inside diameter than the outside diameter of the pipe, the said hood being secured adjacent to and beyond the upper extremity of the pipe whereby a draft passage is provided between the periphery of the pipe and the interior of the hood, and a cap comprising an imperforate cap plate supported above the top of the hood, and a perforated plate supported between the upper extremity of the hood and the said imperforate cap plate, the said perforated plate being in the form of the frustum of a cone and provided around its inner periphery with a vertically extending. flange.

18. In a chimney top or ventilator, the combination with a pipe, of a hood having a larger inside diameter than the outside secured adjacent to and beyond the upper extremity of the pipe whereby a draft passage is provided between the periphery of the pipe and the interior of the hood, and a supported above the top of the hood, and a perforated plate supported between the upper extremity of the hood and the said imperforate cap plate, the said perforated plate plurality of vertically extending radiating vanes.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, on this 6th day of May A. D. 1911.

JESSE L. PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:

CHARLES H. SEEM,. A. L. SPRINKLE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

diameter of the pipe, the said hood being 1 cap comprising. an imperforate cap plate being provided on its upper side with a

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