US1026579A - Engineer's slope-rod. - Google Patents

Description

G. B.. HAUKE.

ENGINEERS SLOPE ROD. APPLIoATIoN FILED s131219. 1911.

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Patented May 14, 1912.

C. R. HAUKE.

. l BNGINEBRjs SLOPE ROD.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 19, 1911. Y 1,026,579, Patented May 14, 1912.

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F1@ ii ENGINEERS SLOPE-ROD.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 14, 1912.

Application filed September 19, 1911. Serial No. 650,223.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, CHARLES ROYCE I-IAUKE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rossfork, in the county of Bingham and State of Idaho, have invented new and useful Improvements in Engineers Slope-Rods, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to surveying instruments and particularly to slope rods used in measuring cuts or fills on irrigation ditches or railroad embankments.

One object of my invention is to provide an extensible slope rod which is constructed with different scales for determining different slopes, and which may be used in either direction from the center stake of a cut or iill without reversing the rod; and also to arrange upon the same rod a set of graduations which can be used in measuring the bottoms of cuts, the rod being used in the same manner in either direction from the center without reversing the rod.

A further object of my invention is to combine with the adjustable slope rod, a measuring rod for determining dierences in elevation, these rods being used in the manner hereinafter described.

Again, it is my purpose to provide clamping and manipulating devices for the slope' rod which shall greatly facilitate the operation of the same in taking measurements and also to supply a convenient carrying handle which shall not interfere with the use of the rod.

Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a slope rod embodying my improvements, in side elevation and top plan respectively; Fig. 3 shows a side elevationof the reverse side or inside of one of the parts of the rod; Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-section through the clamping device on the line IV-IV of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail showing in side elevation an ear-handle and end-protecting or guard plate; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of my sliding carryinghandle; Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the elevation-rod which is used in coperation with the slope rod; and Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrams illust-rating the manner of using my instruments.

The two-part slope rod comprises the extensible rod sections la, 1b, which may slide longitudinally and are held in juxtaposition by the clamping collars 2, 2, the slidable frame 4 of the carrying handle 5, also assisting in guiding the parts. As shown in Figs. 2 and 4, the clamping collars are secured to the opposite ends of the rod sections, by means of screws. The collar which 1s secured to one section may be clamped to the other section by means of a wing-nut 6, forcing a spring-plate 8, against the top surface of the section. The ends of the sections are protected by guard-plates 10, secured to one sect-ion but covering the ends of both sections, and each carrying an ear-handle 12, which is in alinement with the center of the section to which the plate is attached, so that a pull exerted thereon will be transmitted evenly to the rodsection when it is desired to slide it through the adjacent collar. A leveling tube 14, is embedded flush with the top surface of each rod-section near the end thereof. A carrying frame 4 encircles the two sections, to which is secured the handle 5. The rodsections may slide freely through the frame 4, so that the handle may be slid toward either end and does not interfere with the use of the rod. In transporting the rod the handle frame is moved to the center of gravity and the length of the frame is sufficient to provide a steady support.

Each rod section is preferably provided upon its outer side face with an upper graduation, extending from right to left7 adapted for use in measuring 11 to 1 slopes, each indicated foot being in reality 1.5 feet. The lower graduation is intended to measure 2 to 1 slopes, each indicated foot graduation, in fact, extending over 2 feet. The inner face of each rod-section isgraduated on a scale of one indicated foot equaling an actual foot, this graduation being intended for measuring the bottoms of cuts or ditches. Thus, if a ditch is to be two feet wide at the bottom, the rod is placed with the end on the center stake and the distance 2 is read on the inside graduation, which is in reality only one foot from the center stake, this being the correct distance for one-half the width of the ditch. In Fig. 7, there is shown an auxiliary or elevation rod for use in cooperation with the slope rod in deter mining the elevation at different points along or across t-he ditch or excavation. This rod may be conveniently made four feet long, with graduations every of a foot, and having a blank extension at the left equal to the width of the side of the slope rod, so that the elevations may be conveniently read on this auxiliary rod above the top edge of the horizontal slope rod, the blank distance compensating for the width of the rod, as will be evident.

The use of the slope rod will be understood by surveyors and engineers, by an example. Thus, suppose that a profile has already been made and a bottom of 2 feet chosen for an irrigation ditch whose sides have a 2:1 slope and a gradient of 0.02 feet per station, which gives-a cut of 2.0 feet, for instance, at some point in the ditch as at station 5, which is to be cross-sectioned preparatory to construction. Unclamp the thumb screws and extend the rod until 2.0 is read on the inside graduation, and clamp. Place the end of the rod at the center line stake and in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the center line. Raise or lower the end of the rod farthest from the center line stake until the level bubble is in the center of the tube. When level, the rod is ready to read. Place the small elevation rod, graduated to tenths of a foot vertically alongside of the slope rod at the center line and read at the top of the latter. Now place the small rod at 2.0 on the bottom graduation of the slope rod and read again. Any difference in reading is the difference in elevation of the two points. If the elevation at both points is the same, then the cross-section stake is placed at 2.0 and marked cut 2.0. If at 2.0, the elevation is found to be 0.2 feet lower than at the center, the cut is 1.8, hence read at 1.8, and, if'the difference is still 0.2 feet, then 1.8 is the point and cut as illustrated in Fig. 8. If, however, at 1.8, the difference is found to be only 0.1 feet, it is obvious that 1.9 is the point and cut, and, if 0.3, 1.7 the point and cut unless other differences are found at these points, necessitating a continuance of the same procedure. Again, if at 2.0, the elevation is found to be 0.2 higher than at the center, the cut is 2.2, therefore move t0 2.2 and read again. If at this point, the elevation is still 0.2 higher, 2.2 is the point and cut, as illustrated in Fig. 9. If only 0.1 higher, 2.1 is the point and cut, and, if 0.3, 2.3 is the point and cut. When the left side is completed, the rod is thrown across to the right, without turning end for end, and, using the graduations on the reverse side from the previous case, leveled and the operation repeated, taking precautions to keep all stakes in line.

In determining points for fills in embankments with crests of 2 feet and 2.0 fill at the center, the procedure is the same, but the calculations opposite. If the elevation at 2.0 is lower by 0.2, move outward to 2.2, calling this the point and fill, and, if higher by 0.2, move inward to 1.8 and call this the point and fill. For a 1.5 :1 slope, the procedure is the same as described above, using the graduations on the top ofthe slope rod inplace of those on the bottom.

The advantages possessed by my improved slope-rod and the auxiliary rod which cooperates with it in determining the positions of the slope-stakes and the depth of the cut or fill, will now be apparent to engineers.

The depth of all cuts and fills, grade-points,

and points to set slope-stakes are found mechanically and without any mathematical calculation, and consequently the work can be done much faster and with less liability to error. The arrangement of clampingcollars and ear-handles at opposite ends of the slope-rod, arranged respectively with relation to the two rod-sections, greatly facilitates the use of the slope-rod by the engineer. By referring to the cross-section shown in Fig. 4, it will be observed that the faces of the rod-sections are recessed and that the rubbing or bearing surfaces are conned to the narrow flanges at the top and bottom, the graduations being thereby protected from all wear or injury due to the contact of the parts.

I claim- 1. Apparatus for determining the position of slope-stakes and the depth of cuts or fills in engineering work, comprising a two-part extensible slope-rod, each section thereof having a clamping device upon one end adapted to coperate with the opposite end of the other section, and each' section being provided with a leveling bulb and having graduations upon the outer face corresponding tothe desired slope and upon the inner face to the ditch bottoms, in combination withl an auxiliary rod adapted to be placed at different points along the sloperod to indicatethe dierence of levels at said points.

2. An engineers slope-rod comprising two sections and clamping collars secured to the opposite ends of the respective sections, each collar surrounding both sections and being provided with a spring tongue and a cooperating thumbscrew, and guard-plates secured to the opposite ends of the respective sections, each plate extending across both sections and having a handle projecting therefrom opposite the section to which it is secured. Y

3. An engineers slope-rod comprising two sect-ions, clamping collars secured to the opposite ends of the respective sections, each collar surrounding both sections and being provided with a spring tongue and a cooperating thumb-screw, and guard-plates secured to the opposite ends of the respective sections, each plate extending across both sections and having a handle projecting from the plate opposite the section to which it is secured.

4t. An engineer-s slope-rod comprising two sections, clamping collars secured to the opposite ends of the respective sections, each collar surrounding both sections and being provided With a spring tongue and a cooperating thumb-screw, a slidable frame surrounding the sections and slidable thereon and having a centrally disposed handle, and guard-plates secured to the opposite ends of the respective sections, each plate 10 extending across both sections and having a handle projecting therefrom opposite the section to Which it is secured.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

CHARLES R. HAUKE.

Witnesses:

FoRREsT H. REYNOLDS, PHiL H. MARRION.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. U.

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