US1025733A

US1025733A - Small-arm.

Info

Publication number: US1025733A
Application number: US49577809A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hugo Borchardt
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1909-05-13
Filing date: 1909-05-13
Publication date: 1912-05-07
Anticipated expiration: 1929-05-07

Description

H. BORGHARDT.

I SMALL ARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

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H. BORCHARDT.

SMALL ARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

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SMALL ARM.

,APPLICATION FILED MAY 1a, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

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'HUGO IBORCHARIDT, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, GER-MANY.

SMALL-ARM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 13, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912. Serial No. 495,778.

tain new and useful Improvements in Small- Arms, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to fire-arms, and more especially to automatic tire-arms in which the breech-bolt is withdrawn or driven rearward by recoil following discharge of the piece, and in which the emptyl cartridge-case or shell is extracted by the breech-bolt in its rearward movement.

The particular object of the invention is i to provide a ire-arm in which there is .a delayed and preferably yielding or elastic .base thereof is liable to be broken away, or-faction of the breech-bolt in its operation of extracting the cartridge-case. This is desirable inasmuch as the cylindrical walls of the cartridge case are pressed by the gases of explosion against the inner walls-of the barrel so that the cartridgefcase presents a substantial, resistance against its extraction from the barrel, and if too sudden or strong a pull is exerted on the,cartridge-case, the

damage caused to the extractor, thereby disabling the gun.

The invention consists, generally, of a tire-arm having a breech block movable into and out of engagement with the breech thereof, and a cartridge-extractor, the extractor being mounted on a part of the breech-bolt capable of allowing the body or main portion ofthe breech-bolt a limited movement independent thereof in its movement away from the breech of the gun. Between this part or head and the body of the breech-bolt there is preferably arranged a spring for the purpose of providing an elast-ic or resilient engagement between the two parts. In the form of the invention illus' trated the breech-boltis shown as connected with a toggle lever which breaks joint on i recoil of the gun to allow the breech-boltto move away from the breech, but the breechbolt may operate or be operated in any other suitable manner.

For a more detailed 'description of the invention reference will be had to the accompanying drawings (but these ldrawings are to be considered as illustratory only and not as defining the limits of the invention) wherein-e Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a gun embodying my improvements, with the breech closed and before discharge.' Fig. 2 is a similar view, after discharge of the gun, and showing the relative movement of the breech-bolt and head in the initial stage of the opening and extracting movement. Fig. 3 is a horizontal longitudinal section of the breech-bolt detached from the gun and showing the parts in the normal position.

Figs. et and 5 are respectively an elevation and section of the breech-bolt. Figs. G, T

andS are detail views. of the bodv of theA breech-bolt.; Fig. S) is a detail view of one of the parts of the breech-bolt; Figs. 10, 1'1 and 12 are detail views of the bolt-head; and Figs. 13 and 14 are detail views of the extractor spring and extractor.

In the construction illustrated a well known form of breech mechanism is shown, wherein the breech-bolt is connected to the gun through a toggle device, said device comprising the links a and the breechbolt 1, which is movable toward and away from the breech of the gun to open and cl'ose same, being com'iectcd to link l of the toggle device. This breech-bolt has a partor head r thereon capable of moving, or allowing it (the breech-bolt) a movement, independent thereof, and to thisl head r is fitted the extractor Il, the longitudinal part '1.1.- by means of its cross pin fw connectil'ig said head r with the end :u forming the abutment for the tiring pin spring f, and, in order to allow the cross pin w to project into the hollow interior of the bolt Z4 and to give the necessary play between the body of isinserted in the breech-head, and is heldin the engaging position by means of a platey spring z', acting on its upper surface, a' Spe- The extractor /z with its claw I receive the thickened end of' the spring.

vThe construction of this extractor is illustrated in detail in Fig. l-lj and that of its spring in Fig. 13.

The operation of the gun is as follows The parts being inbthe position illustrated in Fig. 1, that is with the breech closed and before the gun is discharged, the claw of the extractor z engaging over the rim or the base of the cartridge, and the spring f holding the breech bolt 7c and the breech head o in close contact through the longitudinal part w, pin w1 and end rc, the gun is fired, after which the breech mechanism begins to open. The breech head o being held fast by its engagement with the cartridge through the intermediary of the extractor, offers a great resistance against backward movement, and the shock given to the breech head o by the explosion is immediately transmitted to the breech-bolt 7c, which moves rearward and opens the breech mechanism, while the backward movement of the breech head is retarded or delayed according to the amount of the resistance of the cartridge against extraction from the barrel. The difference between Vthe rapidities of the backward movements of the breech bolt and the breech head causes the breech bolt lc to withdraw from the breech head o and the spring f to be compressed, thereby augmenting the tractive force eX- erted by `the breech bolt on the breech head. From the means. described it follows that the extraction of the cartridge-shell is effected not' suddenly but with a gradually increasing force. After the cartridge-shell has been started from its engagement in the barrel, the spring f is free to expand, thereby drawing the head o into engagement with the breech-bolt, which position is retained during the completion of the movement of the bolt.

What I claim is 1. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof, of a breechbolt movable to open and close said breech,

cartridge-extracting means, means for transmitting4 the motion of said 'breech-bolt to said cartridge-extracting kmeans upon withdrawal of said breech-bolt, and resilient means for modifying momentarily the action of. said transmitting means after the beiilming of the opening movement of saidv o t. 2. In a breech-loading rearm, the combination with the breech thereof, of a breechbolt for openinfr and closing said breech op- "erated by recoil of the gun, cartridge-ex@ tracting means, means transmitting the motion of said breech-bolt to said cartridge-ex- I tracting means upon withdrawal .of the breech-bolt, and resilient means for modify-l ing momentarily the action of said transmitting means after the beginning of the opening movement of said bolt.

3. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof,ofabreech bolt for opening and closing said breech, a part on said breech-bolt resiliently connected thereto and movable longitudinally thereon, and cartridge-extractingmeans carried by said movable part of the breechbolt.

4. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof, of a breech-bolt for openin Vand closing said breech, a part on said breech-bolt movable longitudinally thereon, a yielding or resilient connection between said movable part and breech-bolt, and cartridge-extracting means carriedv by said movable part of the breech-bolt.

5. In a breech-loading rearm,the combination with the breech thereof, of a breechbolt for opening and closing `said breech,`a part on said breech-bolt movable longitudinally thereon, a connecting-piece attached at one end to said movable part of the breechbolt and at its other end to the breech-bolt, resilient means between said breech-bolt and movable part thereof, and cartridge-extractone end to said movable part of the breechbolt and a spring interposed between said breech-bolt and the'other end of said connecting-piece, and cartridge-extracting means carried by said movable part of the breech-bolt.

7. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof, of a breechbolt for opening and closing said breech, a part on said breech-bolt movable longitudinally thereon, and a cartridge extractor connected to said movable part of the breechbolt, said extractor being pressed upon bya -spring attached to thebreech-bolt and having a sliding bearing on said extractor.

8. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof, of a breechbolt for opening and closing said breech, a firing pin mounted thereoma part on said breech-bolt movable longitudinally thereon, a connecting-piece attached at one end to said movable part of the breech-bolt and a. spring interposed between the other endof the connecting-piece and the firing-pin, and cartridge-extracting means carried by said movable part of the breech-bolt.

9. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof, of a breechbolt for opening and closingl said breech, a part on said breech-bolt movable longitudinally'thereon, a yielding or resilient connection between said'movable part'and the breech-bolt, cartridgeextracting means carv ried by said movable part of the breech-bolt,

and a toggle devicei one end of which is connected tothe frame of the gun and the other end of which is connected to said breech-bolt, adapted to press said boltfor- Ward'toA close the breech and to permit a 10 rearwacl motion of the breech-bolt to open HUGO BORCHARD'I.

. lVtnesses ROBERT Miou-msm, 'VOLDEMAR HAUPT.