US1013591A - Means and apparatus for concrete construction. - Google Patents

Description

G. EDWARDS, J11. MEANS AND'APPARATUS FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

' APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1910. 1,011 3,591. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

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Q my mmm W. 0. EDWARDS, JR,

MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1910.

1,01 3,591. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

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APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 7, 1910.

1,013,591.. Patented Jan.2,1912.

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w. c. EDWARDS, JR. MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CON-CRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1910. 1,013,591. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM c. EDWARDS, .13.,

E" KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

MEANS ANT) APPARATUS FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM C. EDWARDS, J r., a citizen of the United States of America, residing atKansas City, in the county of Jackson and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Means and Apparatus for Concrete Constructlon; and

I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, reference being had 'to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

\ determined, a standard form and reinforcement may be economicallysup'plied. Second: To provide adequate means to carry the tension stresses set up in concrete structures. Third: To afford a greater protection to the finished wall from the weather; and fourth: The monolithic construction of concrete structures, wherein the temporary form and a reinforcement are combined.

The invention consists in certain novel features of concrete construction, and in the apparatus and the organization of its parts, for accomplishing the invention, hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Figure 1, is a view in perspective of the outer walls, taken from the corner, of a building showing thesame in process of construction. Fig. 2, is an isometric-view of sections of the reinforcement, and Fig. 3, is a similar view of the interlocked, adjacent sections. Fig. 4, is a vertical, sectional view, taken through the walls of the building, as seen in Fig. 1, showing the keying of the concrete through the reinforcement and the link. Fig. 5, is an isometric view of a flanged seat or bed for the reinforcement, and Fig. 6, is the transverse, flanged reinforcement or, bridging in the walls of the'concrete. Fig. 7, is a plan view of the interlocking sections of the reinforcement, as seen in Fig. 1. Fig. 8, is a plan view of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 2,1912. 1910. Serial No. 565,649.

one of the links supporting the oppositesections. Figs. 9 and 10 are alternate views of the interlocking portions of the reinforcements, and Figs. 11 and 12 are modifications of the interlocking reinforcement to that seen in Fig. 7. Fig. 13, is an isometric view of the reinforcement section, as seen in Fig. 1, when employed for arches, and Fig. 14, is a view of circular structure with its reinforcement upon the lines of the curved portion of Fig. 1.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures of the drawing.

In the application of the invention to the construction of the walls of a. building, upon a solid foundation 20, there is placed in the direction of the length of the walls, and horizontally an equal distance of the length of said walls a bed plate 21, of a proportionate width to the determined width of the completed wall, longitudinal portions 22, of which are bent upwardly a short distance, forming a trough. This plate 21, and its upwardly-extended portions 22 are made with openings 24, corresponding to a series, and preferably staggered, so that the strength of the reinforcement is' not d1- minished.

For the reinforcement of the homogeneous concrete walls 25, longitudinal sections of a thin, self supporting material, such as a continuous plate of sheet metal is employed, one of these sections being shown in Fig. 2. The single section of the plate extends a short distance in height, and at an intermediate point in the length of the plate a short, transverse portion 2f}, is formed, from which are bent and extended at right angles the short portions or offsets 27 and 28 extending longitudinally in respect to the wall 25. From these angular portions 27 and 28 extend, in opposite directions and transversely to the wall, the portions 29 and 30, which together with the oppositelyalined ofi'sets or portions 27 and 28 form a stud which as shown is in the form of a double U, and extend outwardly the desired distance and in proportion to the load to be carried by the wall, and at which point the plate is bent at right angles, and one lengthor side 31 extended in a parallel plane with the angularportion 27, and in the longitudinal direction of the wall in one direction, and another portion or length of the plate 32 extended in the other direction and in a parallel plane with the portion 28, These punched'from the inner sur-faces outwardly,

ment, forms a spacing element or member extended inwardly, forming the grasping portions 33 and 34:, just beyond a line paralspouting the flushing material a considersurfaces of said members 31 and 32 where it is spread; Without the lips only a thin film of the flushed material could be retained on material. Such a-thick coating is provided parts, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30, of the reinforcebetween the reinforcements 31 and 32. The plates 31 and 32 extend in opposite directions like spacing distances and in proportion to the load to be carried by the walls, so as to obtain the maximum stress in tension necessary to the construction of the wall. o

The end portions of the plates 31 and 32, of the section, are bent at right angles and lel with the respective outer surfaces of the portions 27 and 28, and at which point the portions of the plate are bent at right anglee and extended a short distance in the ongitudinal direction of the wall, as at 35 and 36, thence bent at right angles and the terminal- portions 37 and 38 extended a short distance transversely tothe wall 25, and parallel with the respective portions 33 and 34, of the section. These portions 37 and 38, being slightly shorter in length than the intermediate, transverse portion 26, ofthe section, for the purpose further explained.

In the portions 31 and 32, of the section of reinforcement, are openings 40, which are relatively close to each other, and preferably staggered, theseopenings being stamped or as seen in Fig. 4, producing a cement-holding lip, these lips being in series, serve to give a grasping surface for the cement concrete. These lips not only serve to strengthen and stiffen the plates 31 and 32 of thereinforcement but also afford a .means' for able distance beyond the line of the outer the outer surfaces of the member- s 31 and 32 which is not 'suficient for protection to the reinforcement from the elements. Neither would such a thinfilm of concretematerial on the outer surfaces of the members 31 and 32 be sufic'ient to allow them to act in their full capacityof tension .members. Without a relatively thick coating it is also impractical to leave a finished straight and true wall surface without employing other plastering:

by means of the material carried out throughthese lips. The other portions of the section of the reinforcement are cut smooth and clean, to form openings, preferably registering with one another, and of the requisite size for the flushing ofa' wet concrete. These openings being of any suitableconformation, their size, however, such as to v afiord the passage of the cement concrete.

Upon the bed plate' 21,-the section of reinforcement described is. placed, extendin in the direction of the-length of the bed, and

' forcement.

ment downwardly of the second section 111- terlock, and upon the completion of the a section of like construction up i downward movement the outer surfaces alinement vertically and horizontally, the spaces formed between the inner surfaces of the respective portions 31 and 32, of the reinforcement, being spaced apart the width desired for the body of cement concrete A series of reinforcement sections is now placed upon the bed, in like manner to the above, until the length of the reinforcement is equivalent to the full length of the wall.

It is obvious that to complete the full length of a wall with reinforcement, that. the sections especially at the angle formed by two walls as a starting point, will require to be shortened, and in fact a dead end provided' for openings, such 'as for doors and windows. Forv instance, in starting the'wall reinforcement at the corner angle of a building, as seen in Fig. 1, a portion 41, of. the outer portion 31, of a section of the reinforcement, isbent inwardly at right angles and extended the width of the section, and a of the portions 31 and 32 are in perfectportion 42, bent in U-sh'ape, to reinforce and" interlock with one of the U-shaped portions 34, 36, 38, of the outer section of the rein- An abutting reinforcement, as seen in Fig. 1, may consist of two sections,

of the reinforcement. This en .15 then blocked or closed by the employment of one of the bed plates 21, as seen in Fig. 5, set in a vertical position, and the fianged'portion receivin the cut portions of the sections, and wh ch in return is placed against the inner surface or surfaces of inner portions 32, of the reinforcement, and is secured to the portion 31 by the link 4:4, as seenv in Fig. 1. Y 7

It will be obvious that the interloeh'ng portions of the reinforcement afiords a strong reinforcement, when combined with the cement in the wall, and as further shown of varied forms and as a part of the buildin construction. interloc ing portions divide the reinforce- Inent into separate compartments. The wet cut away in vertical lines intermediate the lines of the transverse interlockin portions These perforated concreting material being adapted to be supf plied to each compartment to fill the same;- the' cement concrete in one compartment links M, asseeniin Fig, 8, are secured to i the portions 31 and-.32, and wet concrete is supplied to the reinforcement in such plasticity that the flushing takes place-at once, through the openings 40, in the port- ions 31 and 32, of the sections as shown in Fig. 4, and also through the perforations or openings in the interlocking portions of the sections, the wet cement flushing throu h and surrounding the interlocking parts bind the sections together. The sections now act as a temporary form to hold the wet concrete vertically in place until the cement concrete has set, sufiicient wet material being supplied to the sections to fill the same, and to flush through the openings 40, in the portions 31 and 32, in sufficient quantity and plasticity, so that it may be spread and attain the following object. It is necessary for the proper protection of the tension members 31 and 32 especially in cases where the finished structure is exposed to the ravages of fire or weather, that these members shall be protected by a heavy coating of the concreting material, since from any deterioration in its outer surfaces the structure might fail by the destruction of the bond between the concreting material and the reinforcement. It is an established rule in concrete construction that the tension reinforcing members must be embedded in the concreting material a distance of not less than one half inch and from that up to two inches from the surface. These sections are now full of 'wet concrete material, and may be slightly out of plumb vertically. If so, they are brought to a vertical position by manipulation of the hand, then the material which has flushed through the openings of the sections 31 and 32 is spread on on both surfaces by means of a wooden or cork float, and a fine, smooth, sand finished plastered outer layer 45* is obtained, which becomes keyed to the lips of the opening 40, and homogeneous with the cement aggregate on the inner surfaces of the sections of reinforcement when set. The outer layer or plastering may be of any required thickness, and if a white coat is desired, a single application is all that will be required. This method saves plastering material and the cost of applying the same.

In the erection of partition walls the space between the portions 31 and 32 may be narrowed to the limit of safety in concrete construction, and with the plastering a saving in the thickness of wall attained, which is frequently of much importance in rooms of small dimensions. The links 44, which are hooked at each end and pass through the openings in the portions 31 and 32, of the sections, engage with adjacent openings and serve to hold the said portions of the sections from any distortion of the reinforcements in the placing of the cement concrete. Upon the completion of the finishing of the wall construction to the height of the lower the outer surfaces of the portions 31 and 32,

of the sections of the reinforcement and assist in retaining these portions in alinement and from spreading, and also serve as a bridging, giving great stiffness horizontally through the wall. These plates are provided with openings 24* the same manner as the bed plate 21, and form a bed upon which another row of interlocked sections of reinforcement is mounted, the alinement of these sections being retained vertically thereby. Upon the completion of a second tier of sections, the cement concrete is supplied thereto, and the outer layer finished, as before described, and this process repeated until the height desired for the wall 1s reached. Upon the hardening of the concrete, the sections cease to act in the capacity of a form, and the portions immediately adjacent to the interlocking parts of the sections obtain a solidity of column construction and members 31 and 32 afi'ord great tensile strength and all stress set up in the wall is thus amply provided for.

In Fig. 1 the width of the section, as at 47, is widened to afford the space necessary for a chimney construction, the core 48 re maining to hold the concrete. Tn this construction the bed plate, 21 may be employed at the openings for doors or windows, and to cut terminals of the portions 31 and 32, of the sections, blocks 49 are secured by staples 49*. Thus, ase'curing surface is formed for the door and window frames, and to which interior finish may be attached. The use of the trough 21, in various lengths, is utilized for openings, and especially takes the place of a lintel above the door or window opening, when the cementhas hardened. For the purpose of joining the dead ends of walls to other structural parts, and for leaving spaces in the concrete for weight boxes on window frames, and like purposes, the body of the trough 21 ,is varied, as seen at the end of the wall on Fig. 1, and the parts simply bentto form two right angles 21, from a central portion 21, extending in the direction of the wall.

In order to provide for the tension stresses which may vary in wall and column construction, I have discovered the necessity in the construction of the reinforced building or structure, as embodied in my invention. for providing for such changes from the immediate construction, as shown in Fig. 1, to the interlocking parts as shown in Fig. 9. In this construction, the parts corresponding to 26, 27 and 28, of Fig. 1, in-

stead ofbeing formed on the basis of angles are given the curved form as seen in Fig. 12. In this .modification the single connecting tie 82 is integral with both longitudinal reinforcements- 7 9 and 80, of a single section, the interlocking portions 81 and 77, of the tie beingseparated from each other, the curved lines, however, of the tie being of an S-shape, so that the grasping ends 7 8 and 7 9 form a clench,'around the bends 82, preventing accidental disengagement of the tie.

In Fig. 10 both interlocking parts 83'and 84, of both sections are independent, there being no continuity ofsections, the angles,

however, being greater than in Fig. 1, and

acute to the longitudinal axis of the concrete wall. In Fig. 11, the interlocking parts are located upon opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the wall, when the reinforcement is composite with the wall. In

this modification the inward extensions 85 and 86 from two endwise sections-each embody along the lines of the longitudinal portions of the sections double U portions 87 and 88, the tie from one side of a section,

to the other being continuous.

In Fig. 12 a continuous tie 89 is formed by the transverse connection at one 'end of twosides of a wall section 90 and 91, and the tie bent inwardly, forming two U-shaped bends 93 and 94, transverse to the wall. The interlocking is efiected bycorresponding-be'nds of a broken tie 92, which inter- -lock,'as-clearly seen, with the parts 93 and $4, of adj acentsectlons, Whenever an arch s required to be made, the sections of reinforcement may be similar to that shown in Fig. 1, the sections being obviously short in length, and the portions of the reiniorce ments for the arch bent to give the gradual lnward conformation to the lower portions of the sections,as seen in Fig. 13.

1 may, when desired, embody the interlocking of concentric sections 104 and 105,

' of a column reinforcement, employing the same interlocking tie as 'seen in Fig. 1, to

.- their segments, and'the connecting parts of 1 segments as seen clearly inFig. 14:, the reorced' concentric segments 10.6 and '10? when thus joined, being a continuation o the curved lines of the wall, as seenin Fig. 1, and obviously the'lines of the inner'sections will be shorter than the lines of the outer sections 1 a The completed concrete wall: upon the hardening; of the concrete is not. only fire ;;pr o of., but resists.every penetration of n 1o1sture, the portions 31' or32 of thesectio'ns tendi'n to turn the moisture away fi'om the we and the advantage ,consi'sts,

in my invention, that when the height of vthe wall is reached, both inner 'and outer surfia'refinishedlsurf :It bein.-ob-

' served, thatin finishing the outer suraces ct outer walls the plastic concrete may be ven a-rough or smooth surface, the oc locking sections or plates, a-

casion demands. In the construction of concrete structures, the lnventlon reduces the cost to the minimum, dispensing with the costly wooden forms and scaffolding heretofore employed, and the material which-is used in plastering the walls by other methods is saved. Furthermore, upon the completion of the height of a building in my invention, the reinforced concrete has hardened so as to sustain any imposed weight that the structure is designed to carry, the

walls having been carried up in such stages and bent from one of the'outer edges of the spacing. member and having inwardly-ex- .tended outwardly-bent U-shaped portions .with its parts sllghtly larger andparallel with the corresponding U-shaped portion of the spacin 'member contiguous to the respectlve si e member.

2. A reinforcement comprising compartments f for concrete structures single section being composed of a continuous body plate whose intermediate portion is bent transversely to the body plate from two points distanced tram thevrespective ends ofthe plate to form a spacing member betawietii' two side members in parallel planes, each spacing member being composed of a short mtermediate portion extending transversely to the body portion, from which extend in opposite directions short portions or ofisets, an from which offsets are extended inopd rmed of inter osite directions 1 and transverselyto the.

ody section theremaining portions of the spacing member which connect with the outer edges of the side members, the latter ortions and ofisets forming reversed double -shaped' ortions. of the spacing member,

the ends 0 the side members being provided with inwardly-extended outwar spacingingember of adjacent section.

. ly-bent portions adapted to in l telescopically v with one, of the U-shaped portions" of the.

3. In concrete walls and similar 'structures, a reinforcement formed of body sections or-plates in'parallel planes, transverse spacing members or plates integral with the lh ody sectio and studs 'inte alwithflthe in p e nehe longit al of the structure-,each spaca mer" and said studs being composed a shorti'ntermediate portion e bodysection forming with the said offsets reversed double U-shaped portions, and separate external U-shaped grasping portions of the body sections adapted to grasp the 10 corresponding U-shaped portions of the reversed double U-shaped portions of the spacing member of an adjacent section.

WILLIAM G. EDWARDS, JR.

Witnesses AMos W. Bummer, ANNIE L. GREEK.

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