US1010286A - Equilibrium-retaining device for flying-machines. - Google Patents

Description

A.P.W;MAGMANU& EQUILIBRIUM RBTAINING DEVICE POR FLYING MACHINES. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6, 1911.

Patented Nov. 28, 1911.

FW. Macmamw,

UNITED sra'rns PATENT 1carica.

AUGUSTUS FREDERICK WATSON MACMANiUS, F SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, ASSIGNORvOF ONE-FOURTH TO M. E. MACMANUS, CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS.

EoUILIBRIUM-nn'rarmue Duvicn reassured-MACHINES.

speciation of Letters Patent.-

Patented Nov. 28, 1911.

.appiieatioamea March e, 1911. f, serial No. 612,468.

tication.

My invention relates to` heavier-than-airv flying machines and partlcularly to auto matic means for retaining the equilibrium` of the same during flight.

.Y My invention contemplatesthe provision of a plane or gliding structure with openings formed therethrough near the ends j ture tilts the valve near rmains closed, while the valve near the higher thereof, which openings have the passage of air through the same controlled by valves. These valves are adapted to automatically opeii and. close, vthus when the gliding structhe lower end re ,end 'opens to reduce the resistance of that end `of the gliding structure, whereby it is loweredto its .normal horizont-al position. Both valves remain closed when. the gliding structure is in its normal horizontal position.

An important object of this invention is to provide a gliding structure with Iequilibrium retaining means, which means are simple in construction, and positiveand automatic in operation.

Other `objects and advantages of this invent-ion will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawings 'forming a` pa`.rrto: f l this specification and in which like nume'gls are employed 'to designate like parts throughout the same, Figure`1 isja plan view ot a plane or gliding structure, equipped with my equilibrium retaining valves, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1, the plane or gliding structure being tilted, Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail sectional view through a portion of the plane or gliding structure aud one of the equilibrium retaining valves, and, Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the equilibrium retaining valves.

In the drawings wherein is preferred 'embodiment of my invention, a plane or gliding structure is shown, comprising a preferably rectangular frame formed of longitudinal and transverse strips and 2.,-frespectively.

. invention is applied.` to` a biplane,

illustrated a horizontal position,

` This frame is covered with canvas 3 or other suitable material, v which may be attached to the trame by any desired means. This plane or gliding structure is designedtoform the body plane oi an aeroplane, and is disposed transversely to the course of Hight, as illustrated in the Wright Brothers iiying machine. When my two oi" thefplanes showntin Fig. -1 `are employed. The invention is also adapted to be used. in connection ,with a monoplane, or the same may be used in connection with a horizontal rudder, and inkfact, with anyplane or gliding structure which` it is desired to prevent from tilting.

v The plane or gliding structure is provided near its ends with openings 4 and 5 `formed therethrough, within which are mounted swinging valves 6 and 6a. These valves are alike, s0 a description of one will answer 'for both. Each of the valves 6 and 6a is formed of a rectangularpen trame 7, comprising side strips 8 and 9, L-shaped in cross-section. 8 and-9 are inverted with relation to each other,=that is to say, the horizontal tlauge of the strip 8 is adjacent the lower side thereof, while the horizontal flange ot the strip 9 is adjacent the` upper. side thereof. In both valves 6 and 6a the strips 9 are the inner andthe strips 8 are the outer. The pairs of transverse strips `2 disposed adjacent and upon 6 and 6, are -Lshaped in cross-section, the strips in each-pair being inverted with re- -lationto veach other to cooperate with the strips 8 yand 9. Each of the valves 6 and 6a further comprises a. strip 10, disposed centrally Within and rigidly connected with the frame 7. The end strips of the frame 7 carry pins 11, disposed i midway the ends thereof, which engage strips 12, disposed at right angles to and rigidly connected with the strips 2. Each of the valves 6i and 6 has rigid connection with a depending ball or weight 13, through the medium` of a rigid rod 14, which is rigidly connected with the strip 10. Each of the frames 7 is coveredl with canvas or the like.

In the opera-tion of my device, whenV the plane or gliding structure is tilted to raise the left end thereof, as shown in Figi., the weight 13 "iw The side strips ill retain the valve 6 inH its whereby the opening 4;

which are substantially 1`5 vent the tiltingof Athe -tures connected with said f 4 0 lvalve as 'from its'normal'fposition wi vwillvloe partly uncovered'to reduce the resistance 4ofthis end of the plane. The valve Gaf-near the ldwer end of the plane will remain .fseated and held in such ,'position by 4a reversefdirection the valve 6iL is unseated and'ftle 'valve 6 held seated. My valves may also be used to prevent the tiltin plane upon its longitudinal axis ore and aft with'relation to the course of flight of the machine. These valves will then be disposed atthe central transverse' axis of the plane and will swing at right angles to the way, in which they swingv when'used to preplane transversely to therline of iiight.` Y

I wish it understood that the form of my 'invention herewith shown and described is vto be jt'aken as a preferred example lof the,

v Samar-and' thatcel'tainy changes in the shape, size andarrangement o'fparts may be resorted to withoutdeparting from the spirit effmyinvention -or the scope of the lsub- ,joined claims.-

Having -.thus fully described my I invention, I claim:-

1. In afflying machine, havingopenings formed disposed y a gliding lstru ture therethroughdand a direction transversely to' the line lf' Hight, valvespivotally mounted within 41n s ipa lefofnoscillating in one'dir tion only from their normal positionswith relation vto saidgliding Structure, and l ,u dant' strucv 2; In a flying machine, a structure vhaving en opening {formed/,th/rehrough, a

pivotedwithin the o /jning/fto/c 4{npletely close thvv same and orrfn/jneif 't a continuation off Iid gliding-st actu-ge( said valve being so constructedl th't,the1 ame is capable of oscillating in one only i 1/ 'relation `to structure, and a ypendant 'st-rucsaid i gliding ture connected with said. valvet 3. In. a flying" machinel'of the character described, a gliding structure having an opening formed therethrough, a valve disposed withinthe opening and pivotally connected with said gliding structure, the walls of the opening and the valve being so conplane' is tilted in upon opposite sides-. of the axis 30 l,about which said gliding's'tructure. tilts in dopen-4 ;and so qconstructed that 'the are ca-fv Walls of said opening having portions thereof fcut away, `a swinging valve disposed within the. opening and having its opposite side walls cut away to coperate with the first named cut away Walls, whereby the gliding structure is capable Vof having a relative/oscillato'ry movement` with relation to the valve upon tilting in one directiononly.

5. A gliding struct-ureprovided with ariopening formed therethrough, opposite wallsof said opening being p'ro-vided,I with cut-out portions', a ,swingingvalve disposed `hz'ithin the opening and having its opposite sdbe wallsl provided with cut-outportions' to c 'perate with the first named walls, whereby the gliding structure is capable of `having a relative oscillatory vInti-vement with" relation to the valve upon tilting 'in'one direction only, .and a weight disposed below'a'nd yconnected with sai'dvalve.

16. Ina iying machine, Ia'g'vliding,struct re h avlingl an opening formed theret, rough, a valve pivoted within theopening t'o close the same and form in eilecta' con ltinuation of the gliding st-ructur e,said valve having'the axis upon which the same turns disposed midway of its ends'to equalize the pressure upon said valve on opposite-sides o f said axis, said valve being so'constructedql g "one", direction only from lts normal, posithat the same is capable of Aoscillatingfin tionwith relation to said gliding'stru`ct ure, and a pendant structure connected with the valve. v '4 In testimony whereof I aiiix my `signature in presence of two witnesses..

AUGUSTUS EREDER'ICK WATSON hammam.`-

Witnesses:' y I LOUIS DREIss,

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