US10064394B2 - Beehive in composite material and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Beehive in composite material and manufacturing process Download PDF

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Publication number
US10064394B2
US10064394B2 US14/915,732 US201414915732A US10064394B2 US 10064394 B2 US10064394 B2 US 10064394B2 US 201414915732 A US201414915732 A US 201414915732A US 10064394 B2 US10064394 B2 US 10064394B2
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beehive
composite material
ligneous
polymer
cork
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US20160192625A1 (en
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Gil Cesar SANTOS
Carla Maria BATISTA GONCALVES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K47/00—Beehives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K47/00—Beehives
    • A01K47/02—Construction or arrangement of frames for honeycombs

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to the field of beehives, more specifically to the creation and manufacturing of a new composite material for production of beehive for apicultures use.
  • Different amounts of polymer with cork granulated and/or ligneous material can be blended to generate a new material that has the best features of both raw materials, without significant disadvantages. This is achieved by varying the percentages of each component in the blend from which the composite material is made.
  • the composite has between 10% and 75% of polymer, which will be blended with a combination of cork granulated and ligneous material in a percentage between 25% and 90%.
  • thermodynamic properties similar to cork and/or ligneous material and the physical and mechanical properties of polymers.
  • hydrophobic polymers for example, the olefins.
  • the properties and the productions cost of the final product depend on the percentages in which each material is present in the blend.
  • the use of polymers increase the structural and mechanical strength while the cork and/or capitaous increase the thermal insulation of the beehive. Its use also decreases the humidity inside the beehive, and thus, the salubrity conditions is improved, by reduction of bacteria and fungi colonies, highly harmful to bees. The lifetime of the beehive is also be improved since the raw material has high durability.
  • the scattered arrangement of the materials used in the composite contributes to a high degree of protection from weather, particularly with regard to ultraviolet radiation, because, the most exposed surface to this radiation, the outer polymers will suffer strong degradation.
  • the cork will act as a shield preventing the attack from UV on the polymer, which lies immediately behind this protective surface, thus, maintain intact its characteristics, which help holding this protective barrier in place.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a beehive with their main components: stand (A), deep super or brood chamber (B), shallow super/honey supers (C), deep super frame (D. 1 ), honey supers frame (D. 2 ), inner cover (E) and outer cover (F).
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the stand (A).
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the deep super (B), whose measurements may vary, depending on the type of beehive. This component can, for the same type of beehive, have several different height measurements, thus giving rise to a deep super (B) or to a honey supers (C).
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a frame (D). Depending on the height, can be deep super (D. 1 ) or honey supers (D. 2 ).
  • FIG. 5 shows the inner cover (E) of the beehive.
  • FIG. 6 shows the outer cover (F) which is placed on top of the beehive.
  • the rectangles serve as knocker (G) to ensure a spacing between the topside of the inner cover (E)—piece that lies immediately above the frame (D) and the underside of the outer cover (F). This gap has the function of helping the regulation of the temperature of the beehive and allowing the use of feeders (if needed).
  • This knocker (G) also exist on the left inside.
  • FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the outer cover (F), in which is placed a feeder (F. 1 ).
  • FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 is presented the spinneret profiles used to extrude the components (H) which give the sidewalls of a deep super or honey supers, and the spinneret profiles used to extrude the components (I) which will give the front and rear walls of a deep super or honey supers.
  • FIG. 8 shows the profiles for the production of deep super and honey supers in traditional way (H. 1 and I. 1 );
  • FIG. 9 shows the profiles for production of deep super and honey supers in ramp (H. 2 and I. 2 );
  • FIG. 10 shows the profiles for production of deep super, honey supers in step (H. 3 and I. 3 ).
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 it is possible to observe the cavities of the injection molds for the walls of the deep super and honey supers of the beehive.
  • FIG. 11 shows a front and profile view of injection molds for manufacturing the front and rear walls (I. 1 ) of the deep super and honey supers in a traditional way;
  • FIG. 12 shows a front and profile view of the injection molds for manufacturing both sidewalls (H. 1 ) of the deep super and honey supers.
  • FIG. 13 shows the beehive assembled in a traditional way, being visible the stand (A), the sidewalls (H. 1 ), the front a
  • FIG. 13 shows the beehive assembled in a traditional way, being visible the stand (A), the sidewalls (H. 1 ), the front and rear walls (I. 1 ), the inner cover (E) and the outer cover (F).
  • FIG. 14 shows in ramp beehive assembled, being visible the stand (A), the sidewalls (H. 2 ), the front and rear walls (I. 2 ), the inner cover (E) and the outer cover (F).
  • FIG. 15 shows the in step beehive assembled, being visible the stand (A), the sidewalls (H. 3 ), the front and rear walls (I. 3 ), the inner cover (E) and the outer cover (F).
  • FIG. 16 shows a generic beehive assembled, being visible are the stand (A), the sidewalls (H), the front and rear walls (I), the inner cover (E), and the outer cover (F).
  • “Stand” or “base” and “bottom board” are the components in which the hive is placed on, usually is also the entrance and exit of the hive. It may or may not be attached to the deep super.
  • Deep super or “brood chamber” is the component that is placed on top of the bottom board. It may or may not be attached to it. It is the most important part of the hive; it is where the bees are born, where the queen lives and where the new born are fed and also where the diseases develop.
  • “Honey deep supers” and “honey supers” are the component where the honey is produced and stored. They are placed over the deep super.
  • “Frame” refers to the components where bees operate, being nothing more than the rationalized distribution/organization of honeycombs, where bees produce wax which, thereafter, is used to store the honey, pollen and young bees. There are usually from 8 to 12 frames per deep super or honey supers, depending of the case, and the deep super usually has 10 frames.
  • Inner cover refers to the cover that isolates the inner side of the hive from the exterior environment.
  • Outer cover is the top of the hive, superimposed on the inner cover when it exists, which limits and protects the top of the hive from wind and water, even from intruders. It can also create an air lock that insulates the hive thermally.
  • Cork granules is the material obtained from the processes of transformation of natural cork, the result of grinding cork, scrap and other cork leftovers.
  • “Ligneous material” are all materials obtained from trees, waste, bark, berries and stones from the tree.
  • the present invention relates to a new composite material for the manufacture of beehives intended for beekeeping, which results from the addition of granular cork and/or capitaous material and polymers, and may also contain fire retardant, such as, but not only, Alumina Trihydrated and/or ultraviolet rays protector, such as, but not only, Zinc Oxide.
  • fire retardant such as, but not only, Alumina Trihydrated and/or ultraviolet rays protector, such as, but not only, Zinc Oxide.
  • Biodegradable materials like cork agglomerates and/or capitaous material were chosen, because they are a natural, recyclable, non-toxic and renewable resource, with excellent thermal and acoustic insulating properties.
  • polymers were chosen due to their excellent moisture barrier properties and due to their low thermal conductivity.
  • the polymers can be additivated with fire-retardant substances and ultraviolet light protectors which is an advantage of the polymers when compared to others equivalents compounds.
  • the fire-retardant addition can reduce by 20% the amount of polymer required to manufacture the product, thereby reducing the material cost.
  • the percentage of polymer added in the composite varies between 10% and 75% and the combination of granulated cork with the ligneous material between 25% and 90%.
  • the fire retardant and UV protector ratio are negligible when compared to the other components.
  • This composite material provides the mechanical strength of the polymers and the thermal resistance of cork and/or capitaous material to the beehive.
  • the material used must have a particle size which permit its use in extrusion and injection lines, because the molding of the beehives is made from the injection or extrusion process, and those which are produced by injection can undergo previous preparation of the blend in the extruder or other mixer equipment. This dimension must be between 0.00001 m and 0.025 m.
  • the cork/ligneous material must first undergo a thermal treatment in an oven to reduce its moisture, because, if present, it may affect the efficiency of the injection.
  • This technique allows the injection of the beehive components in a single piece or in separate pieces which are subsequently coupled. This manufacturing process allows, if necessary, an easier component replacement.
  • connection of the different pieces can be achieved by screwing or by ultrasound melting.
  • FIG. 13 presents the traditional beehive (in wood) in which the upper side walls of the bottom board and the lower face walls of the deep super are horizontal, thus, when they are placed over one another, besides sliding more easily when transported, it facilitates the entry of rain and wind, which is a clear disadvantage.
  • the models shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 so-called “in Step” model and “in Ramp”, have a shape which, as their names imply, hinder the entry of rain and, in case of intake, facilitate their outflow. It is to note that these shapes have the advantage to make the transportation more stable. Using the composite material, both these models are more easy and feasible to produce than using wood.
  • the beehive has a stand (A), visible in FIG. 2 , upon which is placed the deep super (B), visible in FIG. 3 .
  • deep super (B) there are at least 10 frames (D. 1 ), number that depends on the model produced. Above the deep super (B) are placed the honey supers (C) that have the same format of the deep super (B), but may have a lower height depending on the model chosen.
  • the number of frames (D. 2 ) used in the honey supers (C) may be inferior to the number of frames (D. 1 ) used in the deep super (B).
  • the outer cover (F) On top of the honey supers and the inner cover (E) is placed the outer cover (F), shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , respectively.
  • the walls of the deep super (B), honey supers (C), namely, “Lusitana”, “Reversible”, “Dadant” and “Langstroth” or another, can be built in three different ways: traditional, in ramp or in step.
  • the components (H) and (I) used to build the walls have different shapes.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US14/915,732 2013-09-26 2014-09-26 Beehive in composite material and manufacturing process Active 2035-03-29 US10064394B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT107205 2013-09-26
PT10720513A PT107205B (pt) 2013-09-26 2013-09-26 Colmeia constituída por material compósito
PCT/PT2014/050001 WO2015047118A2 (fr) 2013-09-26 2014-09-26 Ruche en matériau composite et procédé de fabrication

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US20160192625A1 US20160192625A1 (en) 2016-07-07
US10064394B2 true US10064394B2 (en) 2018-09-04

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US (1) US10064394B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3048879B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2727519T3 (fr)
PT (2) PT107205B (fr)
RU (1) RU2673719C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015047118A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT108593A (pt) * 2015-06-28 2016-12-28 Melo Das Neves Bento Miguel Colmeia termicamente mais eficiente
US11917985B2 (en) * 2022-01-12 2024-03-05 Buckcreek Trust Beehive with grooved surfaces
USD1022339S1 (en) 2022-02-18 2024-04-09 Australian HoneyBee Pty Ltd Bee hive pollen collector
USD1032104S1 (en) * 2022-02-18 2024-06-18 Australian HoneyBee Pty Ltd Bee hive top

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR510706A (fr) 1920-02-25 1920-12-09 Francois Astor Ruche en fibro-ciment et liège
US2522511A (en) 1948-08-30 1950-09-19 Frank E Hageman Beehive
GB644507A (en) * 1948-02-27 1950-10-11 Charles Anson Smith Improvements in honey frames for use in bee-hives
DE834790C (de) 1950-08-30 1952-03-24 Wilhelm Seyfang Bienenwohnung
US3704471A (en) * 1970-01-23 1972-12-05 William B Bielby Beehives
FR2630300A1 (fr) * 1988-04-22 1989-10-27 Midol Laurent Cadre de ruche moule en matiere composee avec introduction verticale de la cire gaufree
US9801358B1 (en) * 2013-05-13 2017-10-31 Pacific Pollination Llc Method and apparatus for field incubation of bees

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL84698A (en) * 1987-12-03 1989-02-28 Horizon Limited B Accessories for use in apiculture
RU2130254C1 (ru) * 1996-12-25 1999-05-20 Седов Вадим Валериевич Улей
KR20100000880U (ko) * 2008-07-17 2010-01-27 (주)코레드 브러쉬 화장품용기
CN101411308B (zh) * 2008-11-07 2011-05-18 秦裕本 彩钢板复合材料蜂箱
CN203206933U (zh) * 2013-05-06 2013-09-25 褚敢攀 新型保温蜂箱

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR510706A (fr) 1920-02-25 1920-12-09 Francois Astor Ruche en fibro-ciment et liège
GB644507A (en) * 1948-02-27 1950-10-11 Charles Anson Smith Improvements in honey frames for use in bee-hives
US2522511A (en) 1948-08-30 1950-09-19 Frank E Hageman Beehive
DE834790C (de) 1950-08-30 1952-03-24 Wilhelm Seyfang Bienenwohnung
US3704471A (en) * 1970-01-23 1972-12-05 William B Bielby Beehives
FR2630300A1 (fr) * 1988-04-22 1989-10-27 Midol Laurent Cadre de ruche moule en matiere composee avec introduction verticale de la cire gaufree
US9801358B1 (en) * 2013-05-13 2017-10-31 Pacific Pollination Llc Method and apparatus for field incubation of bees

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
English-language translation of FR 2630300. *
International Search Report dated Sep. 15, 2015, corresponding to International Patent Application PCT/PT2014/050001.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3048879A2 (fr) 2016-08-03
PT107205A1 (pt) 2018-01-29
WO2015047118A2 (fr) 2015-04-02
PT3048879T (pt) 2019-04-01
RU2673719C2 (ru) 2018-11-29
US20160192625A1 (en) 2016-07-07
WO2015047118A3 (fr) 2015-10-29
WO2015047118A4 (fr) 2015-12-17
PT107205A (pt) 2015-03-26
ES2727519T3 (es) 2019-10-16
EP3048879B1 (fr) 2019-02-27
PT107205B (pt) 2019-08-22
RU2016116191A3 (fr) 2018-06-05
RU2016116191A (ru) 2017-10-31

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