US1003805A - Method of treating ferro metals. - Google Patents
Method of treating ferro metals. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1003805A US1003805A US46361008A US1908463610A US1003805A US 1003805 A US1003805 A US 1003805A US 46361008 A US46361008 A US 46361008A US 1908463610 A US1908463610 A US 1908463610A US 1003805 A US1003805 A US 1003805A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- metal
- treated
- ferro
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 43
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
Definitions
- Such metals when. melting, absorb gases, being for instance oxidized, to an extent, during fusion, the resulting oxids dissolving in the metal with the result that said metals cannot, in many instances, be cast-without developing blow holes and other imperfections in the resulting product; other gases, such as nitrogen, are also during the fusion undesirably developed in the molten mass with characteristic malign effects, so that it may be said that hitherto such metals have too frequently elements, or compounds, injuriously affecting the final product. I have discovered that if to such metals.
- ferro-metal to be treated for instance iron or steelfis melted as usual in the crucible or other container.
- alloy ofiron and titanium such as described and claimed in U. S. Letters Patent No. 609,466 or No.
- the said additions of titanium being, in such cases, so proportioned as to enable my said novel process to result in a final product comparatively free from the said undesired compounds, or elements,or undesired resultants thereof, and containing also not to exceed traces of titanium, say a fraction of 1% at the most.
- an alloy of steel and titanium such for instance as results from the process ,of Letters Patent No. 822,305 granted to me June 5, 1906 may be employed instead of the said alloy of iron and titanium, though I have found the latter preferable.
- the treated metal showing the same supein the bars riority in the physical tests and the same purity and freedom from obnoxious elements, gaseous or otherwise, as compared to the original metal, scarcely a trace of titanium, when any, being found in the metal treated.
- the effects of my said process are also advantageous in cases in which the molten ferro-metals are intended to form the basis of alloys of such metals with others, as for instance nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, etc. the resulting alloys derived from the process containing also not to exceed 1% or traces of titanium and being comparatively free from blow-holes, and in many other respects superior to those produced without the aid of my process.
- the titanic purifier may be either introduced into the molten mass composed of all the constituent metals, or preliminarily, as aforesaid, into the ferrometal, afterward assembled with another not so treated, to produce the desired alloy.
- titanic acid 2'. c. the chemical compound of titanium with oxygen
- titanic acid being introduced, in relatively small percentages, into molten cast iron
- the said titanic acid being, in this instance, preliminarily mixed with a metal capable of reacting therewith, as for instance aluminium, and. that the expectation has been hazarded ferro-metals so treated by my said that, in such case, the titanium has either been taken up by the molten cast iron or ab sorbed by gases contained in latter, the result -bein homogeneous casting.
- z'. e. in the form of an -oxid the extreme refractoriness of which is well known, I do not wish to be understood as claiming such procedure as any part of my present invention.
- the method of treating steel which comprises incorporating therewith while molten a quantity of the alloy of iron with metallic titanium, the said titanium being proportioned to combine with undesired com- .pounds and elements and secure a final product containing substantially no titanium.
- the method of treating iron which comprises incorporating therewith, while molten, a quantity of the alloy of iron wlth metallic titanium, the said titanium being proportioned to combine with undesired compounds and elements and secure a final product containing substantially no titanium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
20 contalned, or absorbed in melting, IlOXlOllS NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
AUGUSTE J. ROSSI, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK,-ASSIGNOR TO THE TITANIO'M ALLOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF MAINE.
METHQD OF TREATING FERRO METALS.
1,003,805. 'No Drawing.
Application filed November 20, 1908. Serial No. 463,610.
-To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, AUGUSTE J. Rossr, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Niagara Falls, in the county ofNiagara and. State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Treating Ferro Metals, of which the following is a specification.
Such metals, astis' well known, when. melting, absorb gases, being for instance oxidized, to an extent, during fusion, the resulting oxids dissolving in the metal with the result that said metals cannot, in many instances, be cast-without developing blow holes and other imperfections in the resulting product; other gases, such as nitrogen, are also during the fusion undesirably developed in the molten mass with characteristic malign effects, so that it may be said that hitherto such metals have too frequently elements, or compounds, injuriously affecting the final product. I have discovered that if to such metals. when charged into the crucible, or while melting, or molten, there be added a small quantity, preferably from 1% to 2% in Weight, of an alloyv ofa ferrometal as for instance iron, or steel, and titanium containing say from 5% to 12% of titanium or thereabout, such undesired ele- 'ments and compounds will be, thereby,
largely eliminated from the'resulting ferro product, and exceptional hardness and tensile strength, besides other advantages, 'imparted thereto.
For example-'my present invention be practiced as follows :-The ferro-metal to be treated, for instance iron or steelfis melted as usual in the crucible or other container. There is thenadded thereto an alloy ofiron and titanium such as described and claimed in U. S. Letters Patent No. 609,466 or No. 721,467, granted to me respectively on August 23rd 1898 and February 24th 1903, which addition in many cases neednot exceed from 1% to 2% of the entire weight of the ferro-metal treated thereto, and the content of titanium 5% to 12% of the said addition, the function of the titaniuni when added in these comparatively minute proportions being limited to the elimination of the aforesaid undesired compounds or elements, such as oxygen, nitrogen and their compounds and the prevention of the development, or formation, there may of in the ferro mass while in molten state,
the said additions of titanium being, in such cases, so proportioned as to enable my said novel process to result in a final product comparatively free from the said undesired compounds, or elements,or undesired resultants thereof, and containing also not to exceed traces of titanium, say a fraction of 1% at the most. If steel is treated by' my said process it will be understood that an alloy of steel and titanium such for instance as results from the process ,of Letters Patent No. 822,305 granted to me June 5, 1906 may be employed instead of the said alloy of iron and titanium, though I have found the latter preferable.
For the better understanding of my said process of treatmentand its results, as compared to the prior art, the following actual operations may be noted, viz
In a usual steel crucible furnace was charged and melted 100 lbs. of steel, or the proper'ma ter-ials to make it, which, when at the proper temperature were cast in an ingot mold according to the usual practice in such cases. The resulting ingot, weighing 100 lbs., was broken and found to contain blowholes and to show signs of segregation. I 2. Then, according to said novel process, was charged another lot of 100 lbs. steel, or of materials proper to make it, into a similar crucible, with :the addition of 1 to 2 per cent. in weight of the above mentioned alloy of iron and titaniumnow'known in the trade as a ferro-titanium, containing 10 to 12 per cent. titanium or there- -about. The conditions and procedure in this case were, in all respects, similar to those in the above described previous in stance. The metal was submitted to the same heat until the-addition was incorporated. It was then cast in the same kind of molds as were used in the previous instance. The resulting ingot was found to be perfectly solid and, when broken, showed a close grained, dense structure, without blowholes or cavities. Comparative physical tests were made of test bars, made respectively from the metal non-treated! and themetal treated, according to the above description. The bars made of the metal treated by said novel process were found to have an ultimate strength, elongation and elastic limit considerably above those of the with equally satisfactory results, the amount of the ingredient added depending on the x steel treated and the greater or lesser amount any, was found, by analysis,
bars made of the metal not treated by said process. Scarcely a trace of titanium, when treated, thus demonstrating that the action ofthe titanium ingredient was substantially confined to the elimination, or prevention, of obnoxious gases or oxids, such as oxygen and nitrogen, and the reduction of the oxid of iron formed during the melting of the metal. Similar operations were repeated with additions of a and even i of 1 per cent. and occasionally less of ferro-titanium more or less state of purity of the original of obnoxious gases this said steel might contain. Analyses of different parts of the ingot treated showed that there was no practical segregation at certain points, of the different elements of which steel ,is composed, such as carbon, phosphorus, silicon,-
cont-rarily to whatis observed in the nontreated metal.
3. Operations of the same nature were repeated with converter steel, the additions of ferro-titanium being made as the metal timate strength, elongation and elastic limit above those of the non-treated metal. Scarcely a trace of titanium, when an was found by analysis in the bars treate thus demonstrating that the action of the titanium ingredient was substantially confined, as before, to the elimination of obnoxious gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen, and reduction of the oxid of iron formed in the metal, in other words to one of purification. Analyses showed that the oxid of iron, found present in the metal non-treated, to the extent of 0.25 per cent. to 0.30 per cent., had been completely eliminated,analyses of the treated steel showing oxid of iron ml, and that the original nitrogen had been reduced to 0.004 per cent.,, and even to practically nothing, according to the percentage .of alloy added. Microscopic examinations showed also. the complete absence of the slag visible in the ingot non-treated.
' 4. Operations of the same nature were repeated in the open hearth, following the modus operandi used for this kind of steel,
the treated metal showing the same supein the bars riority in the physical tests and the same purity and freedom from obnoxious elements, gaseous or otherwise, as compared to the original metal, scarcely a trace of titanium, when any, being found in the metal treated.
5. Results entirely comparable were also obtained with cast iron treated, either in the ladle or cupola, with additions of ferrotit-anium. The metal treated showing, in all cases, a greater resistance in the physical tests, a close grained dense structure; and the absence of blow-holes, oxids or slags, being again a prominent feature, though but a trace, if any, of titanium was found in the treated metal.
The effects of my said process are also advantageous in cases in which the molten ferro-metals are intended to form the basis of alloys of such metals with others, as for instance nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, etc. the resulting alloys derived from the process containing also not to exceed 1% or traces of titanium and being comparatively free from blow-holes, and in many other respects superior to those produced without the aid of my process. In the production of such alloys the titanic purifier may be either introduced into the molten mass composed of all the constituent metals, or preliminarily, as aforesaid, into the ferrometal, afterward assembled with another not so treated, to produce the desired alloy.
It will be observed that in practicing my present invention it is always preferable to regulate the titanium introduced to an amount merely sufficient to take up, as fully as possible, in chemical combination with itself, the undesired elements and com-pounds contained, or developed in, the particular ferro-meta'l under treatment, as these may be determined by test and experience in each case:
I am aware that titanium has heretofore been employed with ferro-metals as described in my said patents, but only with intent and effect of producing, as final product, an alloy containing a required percentage of titanium, which alloy might in turn,
if desired, be employed for so-called seasoning of iron or steel. 2'. c. incorporating into the latter a lower but likewise predetermined positive content of titanium, with expectation of thereby imparting to the final product desirable characteristics of that metal per se.
I am also aware that titanic acid, 2'. c. the chemical compound of titanium with oxygen, has been introduced, in relatively small percentages, into molten cast iron, the said titanic acid being, in this instance, preliminarily mixed with a metal capable of reacting therewith, as for instance aluminium, and. that the expectation has been hazarded ferro-metals so treated by my said that, in such case, the titanium has either been taken up by the molten cast iron or ab sorbed by gases contained in latter, the result -bein homogeneous casting. Aside from the irrationality of such expectation, due to the introduction of the titanic element in a form in which its aflinities are already satisfied, z'. e. in the form of an -oxid, the extreme refractoriness of which is well known, I do not wish to be understood as claiming such procedure as any part of my present invention.
I am also aware that pig-iron produced from titaniferous ores in the blast furnace has been asserted to contain sometimes a fractional percentage of titanium, the presence of which however has been due to indirect causes, irregular, unreliable, depend ent upon special or accidental conditions, such as are uncontrollable by the founder, and which may often interfere with the proper and regular running of the furnace. I do not wish to be understood as claiming herein any such procedures or resulting products, my present inventions being dis- I tinguishable therefrom in that the latter involve, as I believe for the first time, the discovery that titanium per se in metallic state operates in exceptional degree as an absorbent, or eliminator, of undesirable elements and compounds from molten fe-rro-Inetals, and the designed introduction into the presence of such metals, while molten, of merely sufficient metallic titanium to absorb, or eliminate such undesired compounds and elements, and without leaving in the final product to exceed traces of said titanium,
I from which procedure results articles possessing novel and desirable characteristics, it being for some purposes desirable that titanium, owing to its affinities and for other reasons, should be substantially eliminated from ferro-metal products.
I am also aware that it has been heretofore suggested that alloys of titanium with.
other than terro-metals, as for instance alloys of titanium and aluminium, alloys of titanium and calcium, also alloys of iron with titanium in combination with metallic borids, mightbe advantageously employed to improve the quality of iron and steel, and I do not therefore wish to be understood as into the bath, of titanium alloyed with the ferro-metal treated, or as ferro-titanium, as well as such introduction per said alloys comparatively low in titanium content, importantly facilitates and increases uniform dissemination and superior desired action of the titanium throughout the bath.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is the following, viz:
1. The method of treating a ferro-metal which comprises incorporating therewith while molten a quantity of the alloy of a ferro-metal with metallic titanium, the said titanium being proportioned to combine with undesired compounds and elements and secure a final product containing substantially no titanium.
2. The method of treating steel which comprises incorporating therewith while molten a quantity of the alloy of iron with metallic titanium, the said titanium being proportioned to combine with undesired com- .pounds and elements and secure a final product containing substantially no titanium.
3. The method of treating iron which comprises incorporating therewith, while molten, a quantity of the alloy of iron wlth metallic titanium, the said titanium being proportioned to combine with undesired compounds and elements and secure a final product containing substantially no titanium.
4. The method of treating ferro-metals which comprises incorporating therewith while molten a quantity of a ferro-metal associated with metallic titanium, the said titanium being proportioned to comblne with undesired compounds and elements and secure a final product containing substantially no titanium.
AUGUSTE J. ROSSI. Witnesses:
En. A. BRUCKNER,
WILLIAM F. MEREDITH.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US46361008A US1003805A (en) | 1908-11-20 | 1908-11-20 | Method of treating ferro metals. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US46361008A US1003805A (en) | 1908-11-20 | 1908-11-20 | Method of treating ferro metals. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1003805A true US1003805A (en) | 1911-09-19 |
Family
ID=3072123
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US46361008A Expired - Lifetime US1003805A (en) | 1908-11-20 | 1908-11-20 | Method of treating ferro metals. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1003805A (en) |
-
1908
- 1908-11-20 US US46361008A patent/US1003805A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2762705A (en) | Addition agent and process for producing magnesium-containing cast iron | |
JP2571561B2 (en) | Processing method for refining metals and alloys | |
US2675308A (en) | Art of using magnesium-containing addition agents to produce spheroidal graphite cast iron | |
US3328164A (en) | Prealloy for the treatment of iron and steel melts | |
US1003805A (en) | Method of treating ferro metals. | |
US3336118A (en) | Magnesium alloy for cast iron | |
US2963364A (en) | Manufacture of cast iron | |
US2578794A (en) | Magnesium-treated malleable iron | |
US1945260A (en) | Composition of matter and process of treating molten metals | |
US905232A (en) | Copper and process for purifying, casting, and alloying the same. | |
US4162159A (en) | Cast iron modifier and method of application thereof | |
US2555014A (en) | Composition for addition to cast iron or steel | |
US3306737A (en) | Magnesium and rare earth metal containing prealloy for the treatment of iron and steel melts | |
US1994679A (en) | Process of producing alloys | |
US1020512A (en) | Zinc and method of purifying and improving the same. | |
TWI825639B (en) | Ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, production of a ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, and the use thereof | |
US490961A (en) | Process of producing metallic alloys | |
US2582079A (en) | Composition for addition to cast iron or steel | |
US868610A (en) | Process of purifying iron. | |
US2759812A (en) | Method of manufacturing castings of cast iron of refined graphite structure | |
US1017807A (en) | Method of producing steel metals. | |
JPS6056056A (en) | Process-hardenable austenite manganese steel and manufacture | |
US1020515A (en) | Tin and method of purifying and improving the same. | |
US2826497A (en) | Addition agent and method for making ferrous products | |
US2370364A (en) | Alloy steel process |