UA99517C2 - Device for producing syntesis gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing a crude gas containing CO or Hby gasification of an ash-containing fuel with oxygen-containing gas at temperatures above the fusion temperature of the ash in a gasification reactor and with a connected gas cooling chamber and a tapered connecting channel running from one chamber to the other. The aim of the invention is avoiding known problems and reducing the amount of fly ash and the amount of ungasified fuel, wherein a weak eddy is achieved in the inlet to the subsequent apparatuses in order to avoid deposits there with a very compact device, wherein the risk of solidification of the slag in the outlet is also avoided. The aim is achieved, wherein in the tapered connection channel (5) eddy reducing or eliminating wall surfaces (6) running over only a part of the cross-section of the connection channel are provided.

Description

the average thickness of the solid slag layer depends inversely on the heat flux density and can be approximately calculated by the following formula:

The thickness of the layer is Lambda" (Te - Tk) / 4 at the same time

Lambda - thermal conductivity of slag,

Te is the solidification temperature of the slag,

Tk - the boiling point of water, this method provides online information about the thickness of solid slag. If the layer is too thick, for example » 50 mm, the amount of oxygen and thus the gasification temperature can be increased immediately. If, on the contrary, the density of the heat flow is too high, for example 2200 kW/m3, the amount of oxygen may be reduced or the amount of stabilizing gas may be increased (HgO or

Co").

The slag deposited on the walls of the gas generator flows mainly to the outer part of the device, due to which the slag layer there is particularly thick and the heat flow density is particularly low.

On the contrary, the surfaces in the central section of the cross-section are almost not covered by the downward flowing slag, due to which only a thin layer of slag appears on these surfaces. Therefore, separate measurements of the heat flux density in the outer area and on the surfaces in the central area of the narrowed channel provide two important pieces of information for controlling the temperature in the gas generator: - in the peripheral area, the thickest layer of slag can be calculated in order to be able to protect the swirl-inhibiting built-in elements from building up slag by increasing the time-averaged temperature, - the heat flux density is measured in the central area, and rapid changes in the heat flux density can be recorded in order to be able to quickly correct short-term changes in the gasification temperature.

In another variant according to the invention, it is provided that the narrowed transition channel is equipped with a neck with a moisture removal edge on its lying bottom in the direction of gravity.

With the help of this measure, a number of additional advantages are achieved:

During the mixing of countercurrent layers of gas and during the acceleration and change of gas direction, the gas particles that are present in the gas and transported by it collide with each other and agglomerate, due to which larger particles are formed that can settle on the walls, so that the content of ash particles is significantly reduced in gas

In one embodiment, the invention also provides that for the formation of an additional mixing chamber, the neck on the narrowed transition channel is additionally surrounded by another mixing pipe.

At the same time, it may be appropriate if the inner side of the wall of the mixing pipe is made of metal (cooled, but not lined), which is also provided according to the invention.

According to the invention, it can also be provided that the diameter of the other mixing pipe and the distance of the free edge of the mixing pipe relative to the edge of the moisture removal are coordinated with the solidification characteristic of the obtained slag. If the slag solidifies, for example, rapidly at a high temperature such as 12007°C, a smaller diameter may be selected to minimize backflow of cold gas from the quench region into the mixing chamber and thereby prevent the slag from solidifying at the edge of the moisture removal. The lower the solidification temperature of the slag, the larger the diameter of the additional mixing pipe can be selected. At low solidification temperatures, there is an intense backflow of cold gas, and the temperature in the mixing chamber becomes lower, so that there is no sticking of volatile particles on the additional mixing pipe ash with a sticky surface.

At the same time, it is expedient if the angle (0) obtained between the edge of the moisture removal and the free edge of the mixing pipe is in the range from 10" to 30", while according to the invention it is also provided that the radius of the other mixing pipe is greater than the radius of the removal edge of moisture in the amount from 0.1 to 1 m.

Other features, details, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and drawings. They show:

Fig. 1 schematic representation of a pressure tank with a reactor and a cooling chamber,

Fig. 2A is a schematic view of a section approximately along line 11-II in fig. 1, fig. 25 is a schematic view of a section approximately along the line PIB-IIB in fig. 1,

Fig. With a modified example of the implementation of the invention in the image according to fig. 1,

Fig. 4 another example of the implementation of the invention,

Fig. 5 is a side and top view of the flow-oriented wall embedded in the transition channel from the reactor to the cooling chamber, as well as

Fig. 6 another example of the implementation of the invention in the image according to fig. 1.

In fig. 1, in a simplified view, the reactor 1 in the pressure tank 2 is shown in section, while the burners that carry out the supply to the reactor 1 are indicated only in the form of arrows 3.

Marked by the reference position 4, the funnel-shaped bottom of the gasifier noticeably passes into a narrowed channel 5, which is equipped with built-in flow guiding elements 6 to reduce the swirling of the mixture leaving the reactor.

At the same time, the narrowed channel 5 in the direction of the flow behind the built-in elements 6 has the first mixing section 7, which then ends in the gas cooling chamber indicated by the reference position 9, for example, a rapid cooling chamber, while the supply of rapid cooling medium is indicated by arrows 8.

Flow-directing built-in elements can be made in the form of pipe walls through which the cooling medium flows, as described in more detail below with reference to fig. 5. In addition, to facilitate the trapping of slag and reduce the density of the heat flow, the walls can be studded and lined.

In fig. 2A it is indicated that the built-in elements b according to fig. 1, pointing radially inward, are directed into the inner space of the channel 5, while the inner section marked by the reference position 5a remains free of internal elements. At the same time, this internal section Ba is chosen so large that a person can crawl through it in order to be able to carry out maintenance work in the chamber 9 of sharp cooling.

The internal cross-section almost does not cool, so there is no need to fear solidification of slag and complete blockage.

The resulting vortex motion of the flow is indicated in fig. 2A with hatched arrows. In the spaces between the built-in elements 6, eddy currents appear in the opposite direction of the flow in the internal space, which does not contain built-in elements, marked in Fig. 2A using arrows 50. Eddy currents b between built-in elements 6 are directed so that, for example, circulation flows on the walls of built-in elements 6 are directed in the opposite direction, which is indicated by dotted partial arrows 66 and bs. The inward-facing partial sections of the ba flow are directed in the same direction as the eddy current 50.

If the built-in elements are absent, then the drawing in section according to the lines PIB-IO shows that in this section the flows 56 and 5c are directed in opposite directions and are mutually inhibited and, under known circumstances, completely disintegrate at the lower end of channel 5.

In fig. C shows a modified implementation example. Here, the rapid cooling chamber 9 forms its own element and is not part of the pressure tank, as in the example of fig. 1.

Unlike fig. 1, in Fig. By way of example, the built-in elements 6 that reduce vorticity are curved or installed at an angle in the direction of the flow, namely, against the direction of vorticity of the mixture leaving the reactor 1.

In fig. 4 again shows a modified example implementation. Here, the lower edge of the narrowed channel is equipped, under known circumstances, also with a cooled collection chute for the removal of liquid ash, while this collection chute marked by the reference position 10 ends in a separate chamber 11 with a slag bath. Due to the discharge of slag through the cooled chute 10 into the chamber 11 of the slag bath, the slag enters separately and without small solids, due to which it is possible to sharply cool the gas flowing out of the channel not only with water, but also with colder gas, in order to thereby form hot drying gas, which, for example, can also be used as a reducing gas.

At the same time, the walls 6 of the pipe can be equipped with notches, ribs or installed at an angle, so that the slag from their surface flows towards the wall of the channel in order to then be drained into the chute 10.

In fig. 5 shows the design of a similar, reducing vortex wall as an example. It consists of cooling pipes located next to each other, marked by the reference positions 12 and 13, the lower one, in the direction of gravity, the section of which is installed at an angle and at least partially moved in such a way that a bridge 14 can be placed between the lower pipes installed at an angle in order to simplify the flow of slag there, which then flows in the direction of the wall 5 of the pipe, and from there, under known circumstances, in not shown in fig. 5 drainage gutters as described above.

In fig. 6 shows an example with a shortened channel or mixing pipe 5, which is equipped with a neck 15 at its lower, in the direction of gravity, end, which has a moisture removal edge 15a.

Due to this neck or narrowing 15, shown in fig. 2B, the opposing vortices 565 and Ba are forced to move in the direction of each other, so that due to this, the balancing effect caused by the vortex is greatly increased, so that the corresponding balancing is present almost at the end of the neck or narrowing 15.

In this example of implementation, the outlet or edge 15a of the moisture removal is surrounded by yet another mixing pipe 16, which defines another mixing chamber 7a. This mixing tube 16 also prevents the backflow of cold gas from the rapid cooling chamber 9 on the circumference of the moisture removal edge 15a, which prevents the solidification of slag and, thereby, the formation of stalactites or other hanging, growing impurities in the cylinder.

In fig. 6 two dashed arrows indicate the radius "g" of the moisture removal edge 15a and the radius "A" of the additional mixing pipe 16, as well as the imaginary angle "o", which is obtained from the connecting line between the moisture removal edge 15a and the free side face 16ba of the additional mixing pipe 16 The higher the slag solidification temperature, the smaller the angle c can be; and therefore the difference between r and B is insignificant, while in practice A can be approximately 0.1 to 1 m more than r. Ideally, the angle x is in the range between 107 and 30".

In order to form jets or separate jets in the general flow of slag, the neck 15 may have an even wavy surface, which is not shown here in more detail.

Of course, the described examples of implementation of the invention can be modified many times without departing from the basic idea. First of all, this is true for the symmetrical design of the cooled wall surfaces 6 in the transition channel 5. In an alternative type of gas generator with gas exit above through the outlet hole in the cover, a narrowed transition channel is built above this opening and the slag deposited on the channel surfaces flows or falls down into the gas generator. Cooling of the gas in the chamber 9 can occur due to rapid cooling, radiation or convection. Reactive substances, such as limestone, can also be added to the chamber to remove sulfur compounds.

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