UA8938U - Training mine self-rescuer - Google Patents

Abstract

A training mine self-rescuer contains a case with a shoulder belt and a lid with fast-opening locking device designed as two metallic tension bands attached to the case on the hinges with the aid of the wire eyes, the face part designed as the bellow, the mouth-piece, the nose clamp, the breathing bag with the relief valve, the cartridge with the connecting pipes for the bellow and the bag, the actuating device, and the ballast weight at the bottom of the case. The cartridge is demountable and may represent the imitative cartridge or the regenerative one depending on the conditions of its use taking into account the suitability of the atmosphere for breathing. The cartridge is attached to the case with the aid of demountable ring with the flange and the cushioning elements represented by the rubber balls mounted in the wire ring.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model of the training self-rescuer belongs to the means of training and training of engineering and technical 2 workers and miners of coal mines to the rules of inclusion and use of the SHOSS-1 mine isolation self-rescuer according to TU 12.43.107-83 in an atmosphere that is suitable for breathing, as well as in an atmosphere that is not suitable for breathing atmosphere in special "smoke chambers". It can be used for education and training of workers in other branches of industry, where SHOSS-1 self-rescuers are used to protect human respiratory organs from harmful substances of an unbreathable atmosphere resulting from a man-made accident.

A well-known training mine self-rescuer (author's certificate of the USSR Mo550159, Ab287/10, 1977), which was used for the specified purposes in mines that were equipped with ShSO-7M self-rescuers, similar in design to the SHOSS-1 self-rescuer. This training self-rescuer has a case in the form of a body with a shoulder strap, lids with a quick-opening lock in the form of two tightening metal bands, a front part as a 12 corrugated tube, a mouthpiece and a nose clip, an imitation of a breathing bag in the form of a plate of rubberized fabric, a ballast weight in the body . The corrugated tube is connected to a spigot with a calibrated hole, which is made on the body. The nozzle has a vessel where saliva collects during breathing. The opening of the nozzle simulates breathing resistance after a person is included in a self-rescuer during training. In terms of appearance, shape, overall dimensions, weight, and the order of opening and activation, the training self-rescuer corresponds to the basic self-rescuer.

The disadvantage of this self-rescuer is that when breathing in it, the "bag" is not filled with air, as in the main breathing apparatus. This does not give the student the opportunity to imagine the real overall dimensions of the self-rescuer and the conditions of its intended use, because in this case the bag of the main device takes the form of a pillow with overall dimensions (320x320x120) mm, which creates some inconveniences when a person moves through compressed mine workings.

This shortcoming has been eliminated in the educational mine self-rescuer SHOSS-1T

SHSS-1T. Руководство по зксплуатации", Donetsk, 1997), manufactured by OJSC "Donetsk Plant of Mining Rescue Equipment". The device has a case in the form of a body with a shoulder strap and a cover with a quick-opening lock in the form of two tightening metal bands, hinged to the body with eyelets of wire, face as a corrugated tube, mouthpiece and nose clip, breathing bag with overpressure valve. Ballast weight is placed in the body. On the top of the body is welded a cover, "9 to which is attached by means of a screw an air distributor, which has nozzles for the connection of the corrugated tube and bag, as well as a bushing with a lock and a pin with a groove that interacts with the locks of the lock. with a calibrated hole in the nozzle of the distributor to which it is connected

From the tube. An exhalation valve is placed on this nozzle, through which the cavity of the tube is connected to the cavity between the distributor and the housing cover.

During inhalation, the atmospheric air enters the corrugated tube through the calibrated hole and then through the mouthpiece - "into the human respiratory tract." When exhaling, the air goes through the mouthpiece, the corrugated tube and the exhalation valve, the cavity of the distributor and the bag. A part (excess) of the exhaled air through the calibrated hole in the nozzle goes into the atmosphere, which achieves a certain resistance to breathing. Part of the air from the bag, when the excess pressure is reached, goes into the atmosphere through the valve. This simulates the filling of the bag during the pulsating cycle of human breathing: » (inhale-exhale).

The training self-rescuer corresponds to the basic self-rescuer in terms of appearance, shape, overall dimensions in the state of waiting for use and in the state of use for its intended purpose, weight, order of opening and inclusion. because This training self-rescuer has the following operational disadvantages: (Te) - training and training of miners in the order of disclosure and inclusion in the self-rescuer is possible only in an atmosphere suitable for human breathing. It is prohibited to use these self-rescuers for training miners in "smoke chambers" in accordance with the requirement of clause 1.1.16 "Safety rules in coal mines" DNAOP bo 020 1.1.30-1.01-00; - the training self-rescuer simulates the breathing conditions in the main self-rescuer in terms of only one parameter, namely - breathing resistance. In addition to this parameter, the conditions of human breathing in the main self-rescuer are characterized by the temperature of inhaled air, its relative humidity, volume fraction of carbon dioxide, volume fraction of oxygen;

SS o5 - training self-rescuer simulates the operation of the starting device only by the effort that must be applied to the lock to activate the device. But the actual launcher releases up to 6 liters of wet and heated gas mixture, which consists of oxygen and moisture in the form of steam, after firing.

The closest to a useful model is the SHSS-1T training mine self-rescuer, which is accepted as a prototype.

On the basis of the above, it follows that the task to be solved by the development of a useful 60 model, which is claimed, is the elimination of the indicated shortcomings, that is, the improvement of the operational characteristics of this educational tool due to the creation of the opportunity to train students both in an atmosphere suitable for human breathing and and in an atmosphere unsuitable for breathing.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the training mine self-rescuer, which has a case in the form of a body with a shoulder strap and a cover with a quick-opening lock in the form of two tightening metal 62 bands, hinged to the body with the help of wire eyelets, the front part is a corrugated tube ,

a mouthpiece and nose clip, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve, a cartridge with nozzles for the tube and bag, a trigger, and a ballast weight at the bottom of the case, which, according to a useful model, has a cartridge made removable in the form of a mass simulator cartridge or a regenerative cartridge depending on the conditions

Use regarding the suitability of the external atmosphere for human breathing, and is placed on the weight of the body and fixed in it with the help of a quickly removable ring with a flange and a shock absorber in the form of a row of elastic elements (rubber balls) located on a wire ring; has a mass simulator cartridge made in the form of a body with a ballast weight and a cover with blind nozzles for a tube and a bag, has a trigger device simulator as a pin with a groove, which is placed in the sleeve of the cover with the possibility of contact of the groove with the latches /o of the lock on the sleeve, when this pin, connected by a flexible cord to the lifeguard cover, the mouthpiece of the front part is connected to the corrugated tube with the help of an additional L-shaped nozzle, in which a calibrated hole is made to simulate breathing resistance, which connects the cavity of the nozzle and the tube with the atmosphere; has a regenerative cartridge, made in the form of a body with a bottom and a lid with nozzles for a tube and a bag, placed with a gap relative to the body of the inner tube with a bottom and perforated partitions, between 7/5 of which are placed an oxygen-containing substance (potassium peroxide KO 2), an anti-dust filter and a heat distributor in the mass of the substance, while the nozzle of the tube is connected to the cavity of the cap between its bottom and the perforated partition, and the nozzle of the bag is connected to the cavity of the body between its cover and the bottom of the cap, the starting device is made in the form of an oxygen-containing briquette, an elastic (rubber) ampoule with an initiating liquid (sulphuric acid solution) and a sieve knife, and a spring-loaded rod that interacts with the ampoule and a ball lock with a latch on the device body, the cavity of the device body is connected to the cavity of the cartridge body, and the ball latch is connected by a flexible cord to the cover of the self-rescuer.

This implementation of the training mine self-rescuer is characterized by improved operational characteristics, because it allows the training of miners in an external atmosphere suitable and unsuitable for human breathing due to the fact that the accessory kit includes two removable cartridges: a mass simulator cartridge and a 2g5 regenerative cartridge. At the same time: - a training self-rescuer with a mass-imitating cartridge in an atmosphere suitable for human breathing allows, oh, firstly, multiple execution of operations for inclusion in the apparatus before the miner acquires the skills of rapid isolation of human respiratory organs, secondly, to simulate resistance breathing of a person when using the main self-rescuer as intended, and to simulate the effort that must be applied to the trigger lock in order to activate it; - a training self-rescuer with a regenerative cartridge in an atmosphere unsuitable for human breathing, and ensures the order of inclusion in the device and breathing conditions in it, similar to the main SHSS-1 self-rescuer. Gee!

This gives the miner the opportunity to feel the real breathing conditions provided by the main self-rescuer when used as intended, namely: the temperature of inhaled air up to 55-60 °C, breathing resistance (inhalation and so

C5 EXHAUST) no more than 0 TkPa, volume fraction of carbon dioxide no more than 395, volume fraction of oxygen 22-9595, relative humidity of inhaled air up to 30-40905.

The essence of the useful model is explained by the drawings, where: "Fig. 1 shows the training self-rescuer (general view); Fig. 2 shows the B-B section of Fig. 1; in Fig. 3 shows a training self-rescuer in use with a mass simulator cartridge; c in Fig. 4 shows a mass simulator cartridge (longitudinal section); and Fig. 5 shows the training self-rescuer in use with a regenerative cartridge; "" in Fig. 6 shows a regenerative cartridge (longitudinal section); Fig. 7 shows a top view of the regenerative cartridge;

The training mine self-rescuer (Fig. 1-7) has a case in the form of a body 1 with a shoulder strap 2 and a cover 3, a mass simulator cartridge 4 or a regenerative cartridge 5, a front part 6 consisting of a corrugated tube 7, a mouthpiece 8 with a nose clip 9 and an L-shaped nozzle 10, a breathing bag 11 with an overpressure valve 12, a ballast weight 13, shock absorbers 14, a retaining ring 15 with a flange.

Ge) The mass simulator cartridge 4 has a body 16 with a ballast weight 17, a cover 18 with blind nozzles 19 and 20, and 5p also a trigger device simulator in the form of a pin 21 with a groove located in the sleeve 22 of the cover 18. The pin 21 of connected by a flexible cord 23 to the cover of the self-rescuer. The groove of the pin 21 interacts with two crackers 23, which are held in the sleeve 22 by a spring 24. Balls can be used to fix the pin 21 instead of crackers 23.

The front part of the self-rescuer, which is used together with the mass 4 simulator cartridge, has an L-shaped

OS 55 nozzle 10 with a calibrated hole 25. The front part of the self-rescuer, which is used together with the regenerative cartridge 5, has an L-shaped nozzle without a hole, which performs the functions of a heat-moisture exchanger, because it is equipped with a tampon made of synthetic fibers (Fig. 5).

The regenerative cartridge 5 has a body 26, an inner casing 27 with a bottom 28 and partitions 29 and 30, between which are placed an oxygen-containing substance 31 (potassium peroxide KO2), a dust filter 32, and a heat distributor B3. The nozzle 34 is connected to the tube 7, it connects to the cavity of the sleeve 35 between the bottom 28 and the cover Zb of the sleeve 27. The nozzle 37 is connected to the bag 11 and connects to the cavity of the casing 38 of the cartridge, because the inner sleeve 27 is placed with a gap relative to the walls of the casing 26 On the cover of the housing there is a starting device 39 in the form of an oxygen-containing briquette 40, an ampoule with an initiating liquid (sulphuric acid solution), a sital knife, and a spring-loaded rod that keeps the spring in a compressed state with the help of lock balls located on 65. The body of the device 39 (not shown). The cavity of the device housing 39 is connected to the cavity 38 of the cartridge 5.

Balls of the lock hold the stem thanks to the cap 41, which is connected by a flexible cord 42 to the cover C of the self-rescuer.

The lock of the self-rescuer has two tensioning bands 43 and 44, which are hingedly connected to the body 1 by means of wire rings. The free ends of the tapes 43 and 44 have rectangular holes in which the tightening tape 45 is located,

What holds them on the lever 46 of the cover 3. The lever 46 is connected to the cover Z also hingedly and is held by the ends of the tape 47 of the cover 3. Through the holes of the tapes 43 and 44, the seal wire 48 is slipped.

Due to the use of removable elements - a removable mass-imitating cartridge and a removable regenerative cartridge - the ShSS-1T1 training mine self-rescuer allows: - with a mass-imitating cartridge to carry out training and training of miners in an atmosphere suitable for 7/0 human breathing; - with a regenerative cartridge in an atmosphere unsuitable for human breathing, perform miners' training in a "smoke chamber" with the time of the self-rescuer's protective action specified in the operating documents.

In an atmosphere suitable for human breathing, the training self-rescuer operates as follows.

The student puts on the shoulder strap 2 on the neck, places the self-rescuer in front and, holding the body 1/5 of the apparatus with his left hand, turns the lever 46 on the cover Z with the fingers of his right hand. At the same time, the fastening straps 43 and 44 move to the side, and the cover Z folds back. When the lock is opened and the cover C is thrown back, the pin 21 with its groove sinks the crackers 23 of the lock in the holes of the bushing 22. The effort to open the cover C and the effort to remove the pin 21 from the bushing 22 of the launcher simulator is approximately equal to the corresponding effort when opening the main self-rescue SHSS-1.

The student pulls out the front part 6 (mouthpiece 8 with nose clip 9) from the body 1, unfolds the bag 11 and unfolds the corrugated tube 7 and turns on the device, i.e. takes the mouthpiece 8 in his mouth and places the clip 9 on the nose. All operations to open the self-rescue, the student must perform holding your breath. After being included in the device, the exhaled air goes through the hole 25 in the L-shaped nozzle 10 into the atmosphere. When breathing in, the air goes the same way in the opposite direction. The diameter of the hole 25 in the nozzle 10 is chosen so that the resistance to human breathing in the training apparatus corresponds to the resistance to human breathing in the main self-rescuer ShSS-1.

The student must learn to perform these operations quickly (in no more than 15 seconds). To simulate the overall dimensions of the bag 11, it is filled with air through the excess pressure valve 12. Through the same valve, the bag 11 is released from air when it is placed under the cover C for the next training of the student.

The number of training exercises and the time of their execution during training are not limited. The principle of operation of the training self-rescuer with regenerative cartridge 5 in an atmosphere unsuitable for human breathing (in the "smoke chamber") and the breathing conditions in the apparatus are similar to the principle of operation and breathing conditions of the ShSS-1 self-rescuer, but with a shorter protective action time device Gee!

When the lock is opened and cover C is thrown back, the trigger 39 automatically activates and the breathing bag 11 is filled with oxygen, which the student needs for breathing immediately after switching on the device. co

When exhaling, the air goes through the mouthpiece 8, the heat and moisture exchanger in the L-shaped nozzle 10, the corrugated tube 7 into the regenerative cartridge 5, where during chemical reactions in the oxygen-containing substance 31 it is freed from carbon dioxide and replenished with oxygen. The regenerated air enters the breathing bag 11. The chemical reactions of regeneration occurring in the oxygen-containing substance 31 of the cartridge are exothermic, so the cartridge gradually heats up, and the air inhaled from the bag 11 becomes hot (40-60 C) and dry. During inhalation, the oxygen-enriched air Z goes in the reverse direction, that is, from the bag 11 to the cartridge 5, and then through the tube 7 to the heat-moisture exchanger in the nozzle 10 (where it cools and becomes moist) and the mouthpiece 8 and further into the respiratory tract of the person who is included in and self-rescuer. The excess air in the breathing bag 11 is released into the atmosphere through the valve 12. "" The regenerative cartridge is suitable for performing only one training exercise in the "smoke chamber". When performing further exercises, it must be replaced with a new one from the accessory kit.

Compared to the prototype - training self-rescuer SHOSS-1 T - the proposed training self-rescuer about ShESS-111 differs in improved operational characteristics, because it allows you to perform training exercises both in normal atmospheric conditions and in an atmosphere unsuitable for human breathing. In the latter case, the breathing conditions of a person in a training self-rescuer are basically similar to the breathing conditions

Ge) self-rescuer ShSS-1. со 50 Training mine self-rescuers SHSS-1T1 manufactured by OJSC "Donetsk Mine Rescue Equipment Plant".

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Claims (3)

The formula of the invention 1. Training mine self-rescuer, containing a case in the form of a body with a shoulder strap and a cover with a quick opening lock in the form of two tightening metal bands, attached to the body hinged with the help of wire eyes, a front part as a corrugated tube, a mouthpiece and a nose clip, a breathing bag 29 | with an overpressure valve, a cartridge with nozzles for a corrugated tube and a bag, a trigger, and also a ballast weight at the bottom of the case, which is distinguished by the fact that the cartridge is made removable, has the appearance of a mass-imitating cartridge or a regenerative cartridge, depending on the conditions use regarding the suitability of the external atmosphere for human breathing, placed on the weight of the case and fixed in it with the help of a quick-removable ring with a flange and a shock absorber in the form of a row of elastic elements (rubber balls) located on a wire ring. co 2. The training mine self-rescuer according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the mass simulator cartridge, made in the form of a body with a ballast weight and a cover with blind sockets for a tube and a bag, has a simulator of a starting device as a pin with a groove, which is placed in a sleeve the cover with the possibility of contact of the groove with the latches has a lock on the sleeve, while the pin is connected by a flexible cord to the cover of the self-rescuer, the mouthpiece of the front part 32 is connected to the corrugated tube with the help of an additional L-shaped nozzle, in which a calibrated hole-simulator of the resistance is made breathing, which connects the cavity of the nozzle with the atmosphere. " 3. Training mine self-rescuer according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the regenerative cartridge is made in the form of a case with a bottom and a cover with nozzles for a tube and a bag placed with a gap relative to the case - an internal sleeve with a bottom and perforated partitions between which an oxygen-containing substance is located t0 (potassium peroxide KO"), an anti-dust filter and a heat distributor in the mass of the substance, while the nozzle c of the tube is connected to the cavity of the barrel between its bottom and the perforated partition, and the nozzle of the bag is connected to the cavity of the cartridge case between its cover and the bottom of the barrel, starting the device is made in the form of an oxygen-containing briquette, an elastic (rubber) ampoule with an initiating liquid (sulphuric acid solution) and a sital knife, and a spring-loaded rod that interacts with the ampoule and a ball lock with latches on the device body, while the device body cavity is connected to the body cavity cartridge, and the locking ball lock is connected by a flexible cord to the lock cover tyvnik se) Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated MAMI microcircuits", 2005, M 8, 15.08.2005. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Su; 60 b5