UA82738C2 - Flattening unit of flax combined harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

A flattening unit of a flax combined harvester consists of a frame, pairs of upper and lower flattening rollers arranged on driving shafts the ends of which are arranged in bearings the bodies of which are connected to the frame by the compression spring and fixing bolts. The bodies of the bearings of the upper flattening rollers are arranged in vertical guides and from above have planes inclined in a space, under which movable pressure limiters are arranged. The latters are made as paired wedges fixed at the ends of holders with threaded rods which are disposed in stoppers of the frame in such a manner as to allow moving and fixing thereof.

Description

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to devices that can be used in flax harvesters.

There are known flattening devices of flax harvesters, which contain lower supporting smooth rollers and upper movable rollers connected to compression springs, which are placed in the receiving part in the transportation zone and connected to the drive in a counter-rotating motion | see invention patent No. 8777, A 01 O 45/06, 2005 |

The technological process of operation of these devices occurs in such a way that the flax stalks pass through the rollers, which have a counter-rotating motion, are connected and their stalks are flattened.

The closest to the flattening apparatus of the proposed flax harvester is a device consisting of a frame, two pairs of driven flattening rollers, each of which is connected to a compression spring, which form the corresponding pressure transmitted by these rollers to the flax tape, which stretches between the rollers | see book: Kovalev M.M., Kozlov V.P. Flattening devices of flax harvesting machines (construction, theory and calculation). Monograph. Tver (Russia): Tver regional book publishing house, 2002, p. 28, fig. 1.16 - prototype). The prototype works mainly on the principle of the above-mentioned devices for flattening flax stalks, where the continuous forced drawing of flax stalks between pairs of counter-rotating flattening rollers compresses their stalks, flattens, that is, destroys the structure of the stalk by compressive deformation to create cracks in it to improve filtration air and penetration of pectin-decomposing bacteria.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the low quality of flattening of flax stalks, caused by the fact that when too much flattening effort is applied, which is actually not limited to anything, the stalks break and are excessively deformed.

This is due to the fact that in the known design there are no devices that would limit the excessive compression of the flax stalks, as a result of which the yield of long fiber is significantly reduced.

The invention aims to improve the quality of flattening flax stalks.

The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that in the flattening device of the flax harvester, which contains a frame, pairs of upper and lower flattening rollers are located on the drive shafts, the ends of which are installed in bearings, the housings of which are connected to the frame by compression springs and locking bolts, according to the invention the housings of the bearings of the upper flattening rollers are located in vertical guides and have from below planes inclined in space, under which are located movable pressure limiters, which are made in the form of paired wedges, fixed at the ends of holders with threaded rods, which are installed in the stops of the frame, with the possibility of their moving and fixing.

The flail machine of the flax harvester is schematically depicted in Fig. 1 - a general side view during the execution of the technological process. Fig. 2 shows view A in Fig. 1. Figure 3 shows view B of Figure 1. Figure 4 shows a side view of the pressure limiter. Figure 5 shows a top view of the pressure limiter.

The flattening device of the flax harvester consists of a frame 1, upper and lower drive flattening rollers 2, 3, 4 and 5, which are installed in two pairs - front and rear, bearings 6 of the upper rollers 2 and 4, located at the ends of the drive shafts 7, on which are installed these rollers Each bearing housing 6 is movably located inside the vertical guide 8 and contains a plane below that has an inclination in space.

The front part of the apparatus contains two planes 9 and 10 with bent ends for directing the flax stalks into the flattening zone. Inside each guide 8, on top of the bearing housings b, there are compression springs 11, which are connected through washers 12 to bolts 13, which have locknuts 14. Stops 15 are installed on the frame 1 next to the guides 8, and from below each guide 8 contains pressure limiters, which made in the form of holders 16, on which two wedges 17 are located on one side, and rods 18 with a thread on the end on the other. Each guide 8 also has a base 19 from below, which can be moved and fixed on the frame 1. The directions of the flow of flax stalks and the rotational movements of the working bodies of the flattening apparatus of the flax harvester are shown by arrows.

The flattening device of the flax harvester works as follows. Flax stalks are fed inside the flattening apparatus between two planes 9 and 10 with the bent ends being previously formed into a tape. After that, the flax tape falls between the front pair of drive flattening rollers 2 and 3, which are forced to rotate in the direction shown by the arrows, which leads to the compression of the tape by the appropriate amount, which is determined by the distance between the rollers 2 and 3. At the same time, the flax tape is compressed the force transmitted from the compression springs 11 through the bearing housings 6 and the drive shaft 7. The magnitude of this force is adjusted using bolts 13 and washers 12 and is fixed by locknuts 14. In the case of feeding on the front pair of rollers 2 and Z too thick flax tape, the bearing housings 6 move inside the vertical guides 8 upwards. However, the set gap between the front pair of drive flattening rollers 2 and C remains unchanged due to the fact that the bearing housings 6, together with the drive shaft 7, cannot go down, since they will rest on the pressure limiters, which with their two wedges 17 limit the movement of the bearing housings b down This happens due to the fact that the housings of the bearings located inside the vertical guides 8 contain from the bottom planes that have slopes in space, which rest on two wedges 17.

At the same time, with the help of holders 16, it is possible to set the appropriate distance between the drive flattening rollers 2 and Z and to adjust the pressure of the roller 2 on the flax tape. With the help of rods 18 with threads at the ends, the holders 16 with wedges 17 are moved and fixed in the stops 15. The exact installation of the vertical guides 8 relative to the lower drive flattening roller C is achieved thanks to the base 19, which can be moved and fixed on the frame 1. After passing the front pair of the driven flattening rollers 2 and C, the flax tape enters the space between the next pair of two driven flattening rollers 4 and 5, where a similar process of flattening the flax stalks takes place, since structurally this pair of rollers is made the same. However, the next pair of drive flattening rollers 4 and 5 (for the implementation of the next stage of flattening) has a smaller distance from each other and, compressing the springs 11, create a different compressive force. After passing the rear pair of driven flattening rollers 4 and 5, the flax stalks are completely flattened (without excessive compression and damage) and leave the borders of the flattening apparatus. To ensure the passage of two wedges 17 inside the vertical guides 8, their side parts have holes of appropriate sizes. Depending on the state of the flax raw material, the gaps between the pairs of drive flattening rollers 2 and 3, as well as 4 and 5 are set with the help of wedges 17 in such a way that the flax stalks are flattened with a high degree of quality.

The use of this flattening device of the flax harvester will improve the quality of flattening of flax stalks by 25... 30905. 12 13 12 13 and 14

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Claims (1)

The flattening device of the flax harvester, which consists of a frame, pairs of upper and lower flattening rollers, located on the drive shafts, the ends of which are installed in bearings, the housings of which are connected to the frame by compression springs and fixing bolts, which is distinguished by the fact that the bearing housings of the upper flattening rollers are located in vertical guides and have planes inclined in space from below, under which there are movable pressure limiters, which are made in the form of paired wedges, fixed at the ends of holders with threaded rods, which are installed in the stops of the frame, with the possibility of their movement and fixation.