UA81227C2 - Insulation assembly that includes tubular sealing element, pipeline with insulation, method for making tubular elements (variants) and installation for implementation of the method (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns an assembly comprising a mineral wool felt element (3) with compressed tubular shape and at least means for maintaining (5) said felt in compressed state. The maintaining means may be a wire enclosing the felt element on its cylindrical surface. The assembly can be used as housing for thermal insulation of pipes. The invention also concerns a method for producing annular elements, by punching, the starting material being a strip of coated fibrous material, such as moist mineral wool. A punching tool shaped at least like a perforating punch mounted on a press-plate is pressed through the strip then withdrawn again.

Description

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to the field of insulation, in particular, thermal insulation, as well as sound insulation of channels 2 (such as pipelines), which are transported or contain a fluid medium that has a temperature different from the ambient temperature. The task of the invention is, in particular, to limit heat exchange between pipelines and the environment.

In particular, the present invention relates to a complex that contains a felt compacted to a volume and to a density increased compared to its decompressed state. 70 According to the first implementation option, the complex is a casing used for thermal insulation. According to the second implementation option, the felt is part of the jacket and it is compacted for further storage and transportation, and then decompressed for installation in the form of a jacket intended for thermal insulation of pipelines. According to this second implementation option, the ability of the felt to be compressed ensures its storage and transportation due to its much smaller volume compared to the casings known from the previous 72 level, which significantly affects the costs of storage and transportation.

A separate case of use of this invention is application in domestic water supply systems, i.e. for thermal insulation of pipelines through which hot or cold water flows.

The present invention also relates to a method of producing elements, such as ring (essentially tubular) elements, by punching, while a non-woven strip of impregnated (as a rule, cross-stitched with a binder) fibrous material (i.e. felt) is used as the starting material, such as hardened mineral wool (thermal hardening), while this method uses a punching (or extruding) tool in the form of at least one punch-perforator, which is installed in a pressure plate, pushed through a non-woven strip of impregnated fibrous material, and then turned to the starting position. with

At this time, pipeline insulation products are being developed, regardless of the diameter, length and radius (3 curvature of these pipelines.

Thermal insulation of pipes through which the fluid medium is supplied has become widespread both to protect the pipes from frost and to reduce the loss of calories or frigories, in particular, with the aim of saving energy.

Insulation in residential and office premises, such as thermal insulation of pipes for supplying fluid in - unheated parts, is mainly carried out using foamed synthetic materials or Ha mineral wool, in particular, glass wool or asbestos. In this case, thermal insulation is carried out with the help of cylindrical elements, which are called casings ("rire zesiop" in English). high school

The use of ring elements made of mineral wool for the insulation of pipes and elbows is known, "-- while all the fibers of the mineral wool are mainly arranged parallel to each other. 3o In addition, the production of such ring (or tubular) elements is known by punching a non-woven strip of impregnated fibrous material in the form of hardened mineral wool, while all fibers are mainly arranged in the longitudinal direction of the indicated strip. Punching is carried out with the help of three punching tools, which are placed on one side of the specified strip and pressed into this strip one after the other. Pressing the first punching tool into the non-woven strip A punch-perforator is simultaneously lowered from the impregnated fibrous material, which squeezes the first c element, such as a cylinder of mineral wool, while a hole is formed in the indicated strip. After that, the specified strip is moved so that the hole is opposite the second punch-perforator installed inside the second punching tool. This second punch-perforator is moved into the specified hole for centering the strip, after which an annular element is cut out by punching around the specified hole. As a result, a hole with a larger diameter remains in the strip than the first hole made in the strip. The strip is again moved to a certain distance, while the enlarged hole is opposite the third - punching tool. The third punch-perforator surrounds the third punching tool and is lowered into the enlarged hole, after which this punching tool is pressed into the strip. o As a result, another ring element is cut out by punching, which has a diameter larger than the diameter of the previous ring element by about 20 times. In other words, this well-known method consists in the production of two types of ring (or tubular) elements of different diameters. This method has certain disadvantages, since it requires the presence of fairly large equipment, and also due to the fact that the resistance to compression of the obtained annular (or tubular) elements deteriorates in comparison with the original material.

Thermal insulation systems known from the prior art are made in the form of rigid long 29 cylindrical profiles cut in the axial direction. These long profiles are stiff due to their

GF) of increased density and due to the use of a large amount of binder between the fibers. Such casings cannot be compacted, since the application of a sufficiently large force to deform them leads to the destruction of their structure, and the deformed part can no longer restore its exact original shape. Therefore, the casing cannot create a "springy" effect. Such casings are, in particular, not flexible enough to 60 cover the contours of elbows and bends of the pipeline. A specialist performing such thermal insulation is forced to cut a certain number of wedges in the form of sections of certain sizes that correspond to the required length of the pipeline, and then manually lays them around each bend or bend. This method takes a lot of time, is impractical and inefficient from the point of view of thermal insulation.

From the French (patent EK 2378230), casings for thermal insulation of pipes are known, which are straight or cylindrical elements made of mineral fibers, in which the fibers are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. This arrangement makes it possible to obtain relatively flexible elements that can be used, in particular, for bent parts of pipelines. However, flexibility has its limits, since in this case only the ability of the casings to axial compression, which is provided by the elasticity of the fibers, is used.

The following documents can also be cited as analogues: (MO 96/37728, ER 0205714, EC 2278485, ER 0133083, MO 98/124661.

Уу096/37728 discloses a method of insulating a pipe, in which a tubular protective coating containing a tubular element cut across the radius from bonded mineral fibers oriented essentially in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubular element, and a sheet material which, with the help of an adhesive 7/ 0 is attached to the other side of the tubular element, installed so as to wrap around the pipe, the tubular coating being alternately compressed and stretched along its axis in that area prior to installation on the pipe.

The present invention relates to a complex consisting, on the one hand, of at least one element made of compacted mineral wool felt, and, on the other hand, of at least one means of maintaining the compacted state of said felt. Compacted felt can restore its original volume when it is no longer held in a compacted state. It is in this sense that compacted felt has the ability to decompress.

The method of manufacturing a complex according to this invention includes the following steps: - squeezing out of a felt mat a felt element made of mineral wool, and the length of the indicated element corresponds to the thickness of the mat; - compaction of the extruded element in the same direction as the direction of extrusion to reduce its volume; - locking the extruded element in a compacted state using a means capable of keeping it in a compacted state and in a reduced volume.

The present invention relates to at least one felt element for thermal insulation of pipelines, while the term "element" is equivalent to the term "long profile". The felt can be made of mineral wool, such as glass wool or asbestos. The uncompacted initial felt used in the framework of this i) invention is called primary felt. It is possible, for example, to use a primary felt with an isotropic structure in one plane, described in the document (EP 0133083). The primary felt used in the present invention should be easily compacted, that is, compacted by hand by a person of average physical ability without the use of significant effort. After compaction by pressure that does not lead to significant damage to the fibers (in this case, the pressure caused manually by a person with average physical c data is sufficient), the felt should practically restore its original dimensions after the cessation of the specified pressure, c i.e. create a certain "springy" effect. This springy effect is essentially given to the felt by a cross-stitched binder, which is usually used to treat such types of felt. In the absence of -- z5 Binder, the felt will behave like cotton wool, without this springy effect. If a very large amount of binder is used, the felt becomes very stiff and will also not create a springy effect, while changing the geometry of the felt requires a very large effort, which will lead to its damage due to fiber breakage. Therefore, the amount of binding substance should be such that with the length of the primary felt in uOsm, it could be easily compacted by the action of one hand of a person with poor physical data, and the specified felt should immediately restore its original volume when -plv) with cessation action of the force, and it should be checked, at least, when the compression is carried out in the direction that

And corresponds to the direction of the pipeline being isolated, that is, in the direction of the axis of the casing, namely, in the longitudinal y? direction As a rule, the felt contains a cross-linked binder at the rate of 3-89% by weight.

Usually, phenol-formaldehyde resin or the substances described in

European |patent ER 1064438 VII), which discloses the manufacture of felt from mineral fibers. List

Go! equivalent binders specified on p. 7, column 12, lines 34-36, and among them you can see the declared phenol-formaldehyde. The term binder as used herein is any material that is suitable as a binder for the mineral fiber material for the products described in the description, such as phenol formaldehyde urea, acrylic copolymer, resorcinol, furan or melamine. 5 years old. These binders are basically "thermo-vulcanized", and vulcanization creates a chemical hardening or cross-linking reaction.

And The direction of extrusion corresponds to the direction of the pipeline that needs to be insulated with a jacket, while the tool for pressing from the outside is usually cylindrical in shape. Thus, the extruded felt element, as a rule, takes the form of a pipe and in the uncompacted state has a length that corresponds to the thickness of the mat made of ov (primary) felt. As external surfaces, the pipe has two annular bases, and both bases are parallel, and a cylindrical surface located between the two bases. (F) Within the framework of this invention, the "longitudinal direction" is the direction of extrusion, which also corresponds to the direction of the pipeline being insulated and, in the case of an annular felt element, to the direction of its axis of rotation. "Radial direction" refers to directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. 60 Preferably, the longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the laying plane of the mineral wool fibers during the manufacture of the felt. Thus, the fibers are mainly oriented in the radial direction. It is possible that the felt may be creped, although this is undesirable. Primary felt can have a thickness from 20 to 30 mm and preferably from 100 to 250 mm. Primary felt can, for example, have a density in the range from 5 to 25 kg/m and preferably from 10 to 15 kg/m (uncompacted state). When compressed by hand by a person of average physical 65 data, this primary felt can be compacted in the longitudinal direction to a density value that is 7-10 times and, as a rule, 8 times greater than the density of the primary felt, without damaging its structure, while the felt restores its primary volume at the end of compression.

Asbestos can be used as mineral wool, but glass wool is mostly used. Indeed, given that the so-called "internal centrifugation" method is used to obtain it, glass wool contains fewer fiber fragments, and its fibers are longer, so it has higher mechanical properties compared to asbestos, which is produced by the so-called "external centrifugation" method. centrifugation".

The extrusion tool can also perform a longitudinal cut, which allows the felt element to be opened for laying it around the pipeline to be insulated. Thus, the direction of longitudinal cutting corresponds to the direction of extrusion. Therefore, the longitudinal cutting can be performed simultaneously with or following the cutting of the tubular form of the felt element.

After extrusion, the extruded felt element is compacted to reduce its apparent volume.

Sealing is carried out by applying pressure to both parallel bases of the ring shape. The pressure must be sufficient to reduce the apparent volume of the element, but not too strong so as not to damage the fibers to such an extent that the element cannot regain its original volume after the pressure is removed. In order to give /5 an idea of the order of magnitude of pressure required, it can be noted that the pressure created by two hands of a person with average physical data is sufficient.

Felt elements usually have a tubular shape, which can be defined by a length and two diameters, one of which (0) corresponds to the outer circumferential section of the element and the other (4) corresponds to the inner circumferential section of the element, while the latter diameter can correspond to the diameter 2o of the pipeline, which is isolated (see (0) and (a) in Fig. 1), or be close to it.

The diameter (0) can reach from 35 to 110 mm and, as a rule, is equal to approximately 7 Ohm. The diameter (4) can reach from 19 to bOhm and, as a rule, is equal to about 25 mm.

Fig. 1a shows the initial felt 1 of thickness (|), in which the felt element is extruded, and the extruding tool 2 installed above it and ready for work is shown. Fig. 15 shows the extruded felt element C c of a tubular shape, while the height of the pipe is identical to the height mat from the original felt, i.e. equal to (0.

Longitudinal section 4, which allows opening the element for its stacking around the pipeline, is made after i) cutting out the tubular form of the felt element.

According to the first version of the implementation, the element squeezed out of the primary felt is compacted in the longitudinal direction and kept in a compacted state with the help of a film wound around it on its surface.

From Cylindrical shape. In order for the felt element to be reliably kept in a compacted state, the film is preferably glued around the element. Thus, in this case, the means of retention is a film, which is preferably used together with glue. Since the felt element can also compress to some extent in the radial direction, it can be compressed in the radial direction during film winding to slightly reduce its diameter. Since the springy effect is created by the felt element also in the radial - z5 direction, the film wound on the casing is in a stretched state and has no folds, which is an advantage from an aesthetic point of view. The compressive force applied to the felt in the case of a surface-treated casing should only be partial when it comes to sealing in the longitudinal direction and, of course, there may also be a possible slight radial sealing. The compacted felt inside the surface-treated casing can, for example, have a density of 15 to 30 kg/m3 and preferably from 18 to 24 kg/m3. Preferably, the ratio of the density of the compacted felt inside the surface-treated casing to the density of the primary felt (before compaction) is from 1.5 to 2.5. a In the framework of this first implementation option, the compacted felt element is essentially compacted only, partially in relation to the compaction value that the primary felt can withstand. It is from this point of view that the compacted felt retains the ability of further compaction. The pressure applied for sealing must be such that the felt, held in a compacted state, retains the ability to deform in such a (ee) way that when it is pressed against the pipeline, it can easily follow changes in the direction of this pipeline - and in particular, bends under at an angle of 902. In one embodiment, the compacted felt element is easily deformed to form a shoulder at 909. The film contains at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer, such as a polyolefin (polyethylene, c20 polypropylene, or other) or a polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET ). The film can also contain a layer of aluminum, which in this case is used to give the casing a metallic appearance. As a rule, in the case of using a layer of aluminum, it is visible from the outside, if it is laid on the outer side of the casing, or it is visible through a layer of thermoplastic polymer. The layer of aluminum can be made of aluminum foil glued to the layer of thermoplastic polymer, or by applying steam phase 2o (during metallization or sputtering) on a layer of thermoplastic polymer from the inside or outside (in relation to the casing).

The film can also be reinforced with glass fiber or polymer fiber (for example, with PET), as a rule, with a solid fiber that is glued to the film in parallel lines (fiber strands form parallel lines) or in the form of a grid. This fiber can be applied to the film at the rate of 10-100g/m7. 60 The film usually has a thickness of 10 to 100 µm, preferably from 10 to 8 µm.

Below are some examples of films used in the manufacture of surface-treated casings: 65 Metallized polyethylene (aluminum on the inside) 12 17

- mesh fiberglass / polyester - - polypropylene 38.1 75

ШЕ нн - fiberglass mesh - - coating with low-density polyethylene 20

In this table, each row corresponds to an example. In the first column of the table, if the film contains several layers, then the outer layer (visible from the outside of the casing) is indicated first, and the other layers are indicated in the order of their location, starting from the outer layer.

This first variant of implementation is shown in Fig.2. Figure 2a shows an element made of primary felt, to which no effort is applied and which, therefore, is in an uncompacted state. Fig. 2p shows several (four) such elements, which are located one after the other, compacted (the length of each of these elements is reduced in relation to the length of the element shown in Fig. 2a) and kept in a compacted state during the application of the glued film around these elements. Fig. 265 shows a number of different elements during implementation. At the end of this implementation, the film completely covers the back-to-back elements, forming a jacket called a surface-treated jacket (taking into account the condition of the jacket surface after the film is applied) containing several back-to-back elements extruded from the felt. The expression "surface-treated casing" means a complex that contains at least one felt element (usually several compacted felt elements) compacted in the longitudinal direction, while at least one specified element is covered on the outer surface parallel to its axis (X -X' in Fig. 2), with a film that keeps it in a compacted state. Other possible elements have corresponding axes of rotation (Х-Х' on

Fig. 2), which coincide with each other. It goes without saying that, if i) glue is required to keep it in a compacted state, then it is necessary to manually hold the compacted element until the moment when the glue hardens and the film itself can keep the element in a compacted state. You can apply the film only on one compacted element. However, as a rule, at least two elements, and even more often - at least three elements or four, five, six or seven elements are placed inside the surface-treated casing. All these elements are in contact with each other inside the casing with their ring-shaped bases (the ring-shaped base of the pipe that forms the casing). It is clear that if the specified casing contains several elements, then the longitudinal sections of 4 s of different elements located one behind the other are on the same line inside the surface-treated casing. --

Inside one casing, which contains several elements, these elements are pressed against each other due to their own sealing. Indeed, thanks to this, the surface-treated casing can follow the contour of the pipeline, which can be very different and not always rectilinear, as in the case of elbows, while the elements inside the casing are not separated. The fact that the felt elements are in a compacted state inside the casing and at the same time retain the possibility of further compaction, makes it easy to lay the casing on pipelines that may not be straight and contain elbows. Indeed, in the case of the presence of a knee, the felt element in this place covers the knee, sealing even more inside the bend

And this knee, at the same time, the elements located one after the other remain pressed against each other on the y? such a knee, as was already indicated above. Thus, although the gluing of different elements with their bases inside the casing is not excluded, this is not a necessity if the specified elements are sufficiently pressed against each other

Under the action of their sealing inside the casing.

Go! Thanks to this, the necessary insulation of non-linear sections of the pipeline is provided.

The surface treated casing can have a length, for example, from 3 to 120 cm. - As a rule, pipelines that are isolated have a length that exceeds the length of one surface

GI of the machined casing, so it is necessary to stack several surface-machined casings one after the other.

A consumer who needs to insulate a pipeline can use the sealing ability of the surface-treated jackets to press them together, compressing them slightly in the axial direction (that is, in the "M" direction of the pipeline axis). Thus, the insulation uses the spring effect of the jackets to ensuring proper docking between casings.

The surface-treated casing can be made in the variant shown in Fig. 3, which illustrates the casing C in the axial direction. This casing is covered with a soft plastic film 5. The film is pasted on the outer side of the cylindrical casing. The film, the size of which ensures rotation around the casing, is made slightly (F) longer than the outer perimeter of the casing to ensure the performance of the overlay 6. This overlay must cover the casing above the longitudinal cut 4 after installation around the pipeline to be insulated. The overlay may contain an adhesive layer 7 ( e.g. permanent hot melt type adhesive) shown in the figure as a dashed line. The adhesive layer, in turn, may be covered with a strip 8 of film (e.g. silicone paper) that peels off, designed to protect the adhesive layer until the moment of final application.

After installing the casing around the insulated pipeline, the consumer removes the peelable strip 8 and sticks the overlay on the other edge of the metallized film 5, that is, on the area 9 shown in Fig.3. Thanks to this, the casing is firmly held on the pipeline, as the cover closes the longitudinal cut. It is also possible not to 65 Use a peelable strip if the overlay 6 can be directly glued to the area 9 and peeled from it, using the properties of the permanent adhesive, which ensure its repeated use. In this case, before installation around the pipeline, the consumer places the casing in the closed position, in which the overlay b is glued to the area U (while the peeling film 8 is absent). He peels off the liner to open the longitudinal cut 4, installs the jacket around the pipeline and closes the jacket by re-gluing the liner 6 to the area 9. Thanks to the re-usability properties of the adhesive, it is easy to remove and re-install the jacket around the pipeline in the future by peeling and re-gluing the liner, for example in if pipeline repair is necessary.

The surface treated casing also has the ability to seal in a direction perpendicular to its axis. 7/0 The consumer can use this ability and close the casing, choosing such a position of the overlay, in which the pipeline is covered more or less tightly. Indeed, thanks to this property of compressibility, it is possible to install the jacket on pipelines whose diameter does not exactly correspond to the inner diameter of the jacket before installation on the pipeline. So, the diameter of the pipeline can be slightly smaller or slightly larger than the inner diameter of the casing before it is installed on the pipeline.

The advantage of a surface-treated casing is the possibility of repairing the pipeline it insulates. Indeed, in the case when the pipeline requires repair, it is not necessary to remove the casing from the pipeline. It is enough to compress the casing in the longitudinal direction in the place where the repair needs to be carried out, in such a way as to open the pipeline and gain access to the detected defect, maintaining this position of compression, and carry out repair work. After the repair is finished, it is enough to loosen the compression so that the casing closes the 2o pipeline again. Thus, in this case, the property of the casing to preserve the ability of further sealing is used.

The surface treated casing can, for example, have an internal diameter (a" in Fig. 3) from 6 to Zamm and a thickness (e" in Fig. 3) from 19 to 25 mm.

The surface treated casing can, for example, have the following dimensions: p

External demet | those | vvim | wow | pom | at

Internal demet lim wash pit bomm

Length 00000000 0120bmm lobomm o bobmm | 18 mm m: y y - y y

According to the second variant of the implementation of this invention, the means of retention is not permanently attached to the felt element and can be removed in such a way that the felt element restores its original volume, which it had before compaction. In this case, the property of the extruded felt element to be compacted, as well as to be loosened in the longitudinal direction, is used. Thus, after compaction in the longitudinal "- direction, the compacted felt element is kept in a compacted state with the help of a holding device.

Due to this, it is possible to store and transport the element in a reduced volume. Before using the so element and installing it around the pipeline being isolated, the means of retention is removed, which allows the element to restore its original volume. It is clear, as a rule, that we are talking about several (two, three, four, five, six, seven and even more) felt elements that are located one after the other and are connected to each other by their ring-shaped bases, which are sealed together and which are held in such a position by the same means of restraint. c Thus, the present invention relates to a complex that contains, on the one hand, at least one :z" compacted felt element made of mineral wool and, on the other hand, a means of keeping the specified element in a compacted state, while the latter can be returned to less compacted state after removal of the retainer. bo 15 After compaction to the required volume, the felt element is blocked in this position by means of at least one means of keeping it in a compacted state. This means of retention can be any suitable system. For example, one can proceed as follows: place a rigid sheet, such as cardboard or plastic such as polyolefin (PE, PP, etc.), on each of the two sides approaching each other of the extruded element, then proceed pressure on the outer sides of both rigid sheets, after that, keeping the entire complex in a compressed state, put on it a cover made of heat-shrinkable film, and heat the specified cover so that it shrinks and compresses the complex to keep it in a compacted state. After that, the primary pressure on the sides of the rigid sheets can be stopped, and thus a complex is obtained, which contains a felt element blocked in a compacted state by means of retention. In this case, the containment means consists of two rigid sheets placed on either side of the compacted felt element and a heat-shrinkable cover 59 covering the felt element and at least the perimeter of the two rigid sheets for

GF) ensuring the connection of the entire complex. Such a complex can be easily moved, stored, and transported while maintaining its reduced volume. At the moment of use, it is enough to cut or tear the heat-shrinkable cover to restore the original volume of the felt element, that is, its volume before sealing. After that, the felt element can be installed as a jacket on the pipeline that is being insulated. for It is also possible to act in this way: at least one felt element in an uncompacted state is placed in a cylinder which is closed at one end and which contains a cut at the other end. After that, the felt element is compacted in such a way that it completely enters the cylinder, which is then closed with a plug that is screwed onto the cut of the cylinder. In this case, to use the felt element, it is enough to unscrew the plug of the cylinder so that the felt element loosens and restores its original volume, which it had before sealing and 65 blocking with a retention means. After that, the felt element can be installed as a jacket on the pipeline,

that isolates

In this second embodiment, the felt element is usually compacted together with other identical felt elements. In the compacted state, all these felt elements are connected to each other by ring-shaped bases, while all their cylindrical outer surfaces continue each other.

In this second embodiment, the felt element, released from its means of retention, is an insulating jacket. At least one felt element may contain a soft sheet or a soft film on its outer surface of a cylindrical shape, which does not prevent compaction and decompression of the specified element. It can be about aluminum foil, which is usually glued to the indicated outer side of 7/0 Cylindrical. However, if it is necessary to apply such a coating to the outer side of the cylindrical shape of the specified element, it is preferable that the specified coating contains at least one layer of thermoplastic polymer, for example, based on polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene or other). Indeed, such a thermoplastic polymer is softer than aluminum foil, and provides compaction and decompression without the formation of folds, thereby achieving an optimal aesthetic appearance. One of the specified 7/5 films can also be used within the framework of the first implementation option. As a rule, in the case of using several felt elements and a film, these felt elements are aligned along one line, connected together with ring-shaped bases and covered with a common film (the film covers several felt elements with its length).

In the framework of the second variant of implementation, it is possible to compact the felt in such a way that its density reaches 2 o the maximum possible set value, which, in particular, is 7-10 times and, as a rule, 8 times higher than the density of the primary felt, without damaging the structure of the felt. As a rule, within the framework of this second implementation option, compaction is carried out in such a way that the density of the felt reaches a value of 15 to 15Okg/m3.

In the framework of this second embodiment, the surface-treated casing described in the first embodiment can be used as a felt element. In this case, the felt element is already partially compacted within the framework of the first implementation option and it is additionally compacted within the framework of the second implementation option. After removal of the means of retention, the surface-treated casing restores its original volume, and this i9) means that the felt remains compacted, that is, in the state in which it was for the implementation of the first variant of implementation. Fig. 4 shows the details that can be used to implement the complex according to this invention (the second implementation option), which contains two felt elements held in a compacted state by two rigid sheets (from cardboard or plastic, or any other suitable material), and heat-shrinkable film. The rod 10, rigidly connected to the base 11, which acts as a stop, is put on: c - the first rigid mandrel 12 (for example, made of metal); - the first rigid sheet 13 (for example, made of cardboard), which has a diameter close to the diameter of the sealing elements; c - two sealing elements C, which may include a soft film coating (not shown in Fig.); - the second rigid sheet 14 (for example, from cardboard), which has a diameter close to the diameter of the sealing elements; « - the second rigid mandrel 15 (for example, made of metal).

Mandrels 12 and 15 of tubular shape have a diameter smaller in value than the diameter of rigid sheets 13 and c 14. After that, pressure is applied to the mandrel 15 to compress the set of parts put on the rod 10, and, therefore, "" to seal the felt elements . The pressure applied must ensure the required degree of compaction. After that, a cover made of heat-shrinkable thermoplastic film is placed around the compressed complex, while it is clear that the diameter of this cover exceeds the diameter of the felt elements and o rigid sheets, although it is close to it in value, and the cover is heated so that it contracts and holds the specified elements and rigid sheets in a compressed state. Thus, the assembly shown in Fig. 5 is obtained, which - contains a felt held in a compacted state by rigid cardboard sheets on both sides of the felt , and the heat-shrinkable film The size of the heat-shrinkable film is chosen in such a way that the heat-shrinkable film , left a space on the sides sufficient for the removal of the mandrels 12 and 15. This means that the film, which has shrunk after heating, leaves gaps on the sides of "I" of the final complex, while the diameter (y) of these gaps exceeds the diameter of the mandrels 12 and 15, which makes it easy to separate the complex containing felt from them.

Fig. b6 shows another means for making a compacted complex according to this invention. Three extruded felt elements in an uncompacted state are placed in a cylinder 16 made of transparent plastic, which contains the covered cut. It is enough to press the indicated elements with a plug 18, which contains an enclosing thread 19, which

F, corresponds to the cut 17, in order for the felt to completely enter the cylinder, then the plug is screwed onto the cylinder and the complex according to the present invention is obtained, which contains a compacted felt.

The present invention also relates to a method of punching (or extrusion), which is much simpler and more reliable compared to known methods of punching, which can be applied using smaller equipment and which, in addition, provides resistance to compression of elements made by punching, almost identical to the compressive strength of the original material.

The punching method according to this invention differs in that the tubular punch-perforator used protrudes from the pressure plate and has a length that corresponds to 80-35095, preferably from 200 to 3090065 of the thickness of the strip, in that punching is carried out on a pressure table, which contains, if necessary, holes, and that the punching is carried out in such a way that the element obtained by punching is temporarily held inside the tubular punch-perforator, and after the gradual movement of a strip of fibrous material, such as mineral wool, and after resuming the action pressure directed inside the tubular punch-perforator, the specified element is pushed through the back of the specified punch-perforator by the next element obtained by punching. Thus, a simple and reliable method is used, in which each element is punched and falls inside the punching tool, then the specified element is pushed out of the punching tool by the next element obtained by punching from the next layer of the source material. The tubular punch-perforator and the pressure plate interacting with it do not take up much space. The compressive strength of ring elements is not significantly 7/0 Decreased compared to the compressive strength of the original material.

According to an embodiment of the punching method according to this invention, the elements are used, for example, as heat-insulating shells of pipes, and this variant of the method differs in that the punches-perforators used consist of a tubular punch-perforator of a larger diameter and a tubular punch-lperforator of a smaller diameter in diameter, while the specified tubular punches-perforators are applied to the corresponding side of the strip of mineral wool, and by the fact that the punches-perforators are pressed into the strip individually and one into the other in such a way that as a result, between the specified punches-perforators, a ring element is obtained, which remains , like a cork, in a tubular punch-perforator of a larger diameter, and as soon as one punch-perforator is removed from the other, the strip of mineral wool is moved one step, and the tubular punch-perforators are again pressed into the specified strip of mineral wool every 2o separately, and the resulting as a result of breaking through a new element squeezes the element obtained by punching in the previous step from a tubular punch of a larger diameter, and this last annular element exits through the back of this last punch. This version of execution is most optimally suitable for obtaining ring elements. high school

The second variant of the implementation of the punching method according to this invention differs in that the plug made of mineral wool fibers, which is obtained as a result of the pressure directed inside the strip of material and which is created by a smaller tubular punch-perforator, is sucked with the help of a suction device and removed from the punch-perforator.

The third variant of the method of punching in accordance with this invention differs in that during the pressing of the punches into the strip, the punches-perforators rotate, as a result of which the elements obtained by punching have an exclusively uniform shape. with

The fourth variant of the method of punching according to this invention is distinguished by the fact that the ring elements ejected from the larger punch-perforator are collected immediately after their removal, which is a great advantage when the application of the method requires a high speed of execution. --

The fifth variant of the method of penetration according to this invention differs in that the starting material used consists of woven fibers of glass wool, asbestos or fibers of vegetable origin with a density of 15 to 8Okg/m 3. preferably ZBkg/m3 , and that the strip has a thickness of from 4 to 20 cm, preferably from 5 to 15 cm, in particular, approximately 10 cm. This version of execution is particularly preferable. "

The present invention also relates to an installation for carrying out the punching method in accordance with this 70 invention, while the specified installation includes a device for gradually moving a strip of fibrous material, such as a strip of mineral wool or vegetable fibers, while the indicated fibers are also located in a longitudinal direction of the strip, as well as a pressure plate equipped with at least one "" punch-perforator. This installation differs in that the punch-perforator is tubular and has a length corresponding to 80-50095, preferably from 100 to 35095, in particular from 200 up to 30095 thickness of the strip of material, and that the pressure table, if necessary, contains a hole and is located opposite the pressure (ee) plate and at a certain distance from it, and that the puncher (perforator) is installed in the hole of the indicated pressure plate as follows , so that the removal of the element obtained by punching occurs from the pressure in the direction of the rear part through the internal channel of the punch-perforator. This device ovka is the most optimally suited for the implementation of the penetration method.

According to this invention, punches-perforators can be a tubular punch-perforator of a larger diameter and a tubular punch-perforator of a smaller diameter, while "And the specified punch-perforators are installed directly against each other on the corresponding side of the strip of impregnated fibrous material in such a way that the punch -the punch of a smaller size could be pressed against a second pressure table, which is removed after the punch-perforator passes through the strip, so that the punch-puncher of a larger diameter can move over the punch-puncher of a smaller diameter, preferably almost coaxially with respect to the specified punch-puncher. Such an installation works particularly efficiently and, in addition, does not take up a lot of space. According to this invention, a tubular punch-perforator of a smaller diameter can interact with a suction device, as a result of which it is possible to easily remove a cork from mineral wool, because what is formed inside a smaller tubular punch-perforator.

Finally, according to the present invention, the smaller diameter tubular punch can have a length that corresponds to 80-15095, preferably from 100 to 12095 of the strip thickness. This version of the smaller punch-perforator is most suitable for use in the punching method according to this invention. 65 Fig. 7 is a schematic view in perspective of the first embodiment of the installation according to this invention, while the punch-perforator is shown in its upper position.

Fig. 8 corresponds to Fig. 7, but the punch-perforator is in the lower position.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view in perspective of the second version of the installation according to this invention, while the indicated installation contains two perforators.

Fig. 10 corresponds to Fig. 9, while punches-perforators are pressed into the strip.

Fig. 11 is a schematic enlarged image of an element obtained by punching, while the specified element is pushed up and out of the punch-perforator by the next element obtained by punching.

Fig. 12 corresponds to Fig. 11, while the elements obtained by punching contain a central hole. 70 Fig. 13 is a schematic representation of three stages of the piercing method.

The installation shown in Fig. 7 is used to implement the piercing method according to this invention.

The method of penetration will be described in more detail below. The installation includes a device 21 for gradually moving a strip 22 of impregnated fibrous material, such as mineral wool or fibers of vegetable origin, while the fibers are located in the longitudinal direction A of the strip. In addition, the installation includes a 7/5 pressure plate 24, and a punch-perforator 27 is installed in the hole 25 of the specified pressure plate 24. The punch-perforator 27 is tubular and has a length x that corresponds to 80-50095, preferably from 100 to 35095, in particular , from 200 to 30095 of the thickness of its strip 22. As shown in Fig. 9, opposite the pressure plate 24 there is a pressure table 210, which, if necessary, contains a hole 28. the element obtained by punching is pushed towards the back and outwards through the inner channel of the punch-perforator, in particular, when said punch-perforator is pressed into the strip in one or more consecutive steps to obtain by punching other elements.

As shown in Fig.9, punches-perforators can also be a tubular punch-perforator 215 of a larger diameter and a tubular punch-perforator 216 of a smaller diameter. These punches are positioned directly opposite each other adjacent to the strip 22. Thus, the punches 215 and 216 are positioned so that the punch 216 can move within the punch 215 as it presses into the strip 22, as shown in Fig. 10, while indicated i) punch-perforator 216 preferably moves almost coaxially with respect to punch-perforator 215.

As shown in Fig. 9, the punch-perforator 216 can interact with the suction device 218, which M zo Sucks the cork material formed inside the specified punch-perforator 216 during the action of pressure directed inside the specified punch-perforator 216, when it is pressed into lane 22. p

The punch-perforator 216 can have a length that corresponds to 80-15095, preferably from 100 to 12095 of the thickness of the strip 22. In Fig.9, the punch-perforator 216 is shown long for a better understanding of the drawing.

The punching method according to this invention is used for the production by punching of elements, such as ring elements, and for it uses the starting material in the form of a strip of impregnated so-fibrous material, such as hardened mineral wool, asbestos or glass wool. The task of the punching method according to this invention is to obtain ready-to-use elements that have the same compression resistance and the same flexibility as the starting material. The punching method includes the following stages, shown in Fig. 13: "a) a tubular punch-perforator 27 protrudes from the pressure plate 24 and has a length that corresponds to 80-350905, preferably from 200 to 30095 of the strip thickness;

And b) punching with the punch-perforator 27 is carried out on the pressure table 210, which in the case of i? contains hole 28 if necessary; and c) punching is carried out in such a way that the element 212 obtained by punching, as shown in Fig. 11, initially remains in the punch-perforator 27, and after moving the band 2 of mineral wool and renewing the pressure directed inside the tubular punch-perforator 27 , the specified element was pushed towards the rear part and outwards through the indicated punch-perforator with the help of the element 212, - obtained by punching. 11 and 12 show how elements 212 and 213, respectively, initially obtained by punching, are forced through a tubular punch-perforator 27 and a tubular punch-perforator 215, respectively, and are removed from said punch-perforator, indicated by arrow B and arrow C, as soon as "M punch-perforator 27 and punch-perforator 215, respectively, are again pressed down into the strip 22, while the punch-perforators 27 and 215 are shown in Fig. 11 and 12 only by dotted lines. As a result of the last punching, elements 212" and 213", respectively, and these elements squeeze the elements 212 and two 212, respectively, obtained as a result of the previous punching, through the corresponding tubular punchers-perforators 27 and 215. After being mounted on the rod or stacked one by one, the obtained ring elements 213, 213" (F, can be used, for example, as heat-insulating shells for pipes. In connection with the variant of implementation shown in Fig. 9, it should be noted that the punch-per the perforator 216 is first pressed inward, namely to the second pressure table 219. This pressure table 219 is in the front position, but immediately after the aforementioned pressing, the pressure table 219 is returned to the rear position, as shown by the double arrow PE, after which the punch- punch 215 is pressed into the strip. After the two punches-perforators are moved away from each other and the strip is moved one step, it is possible to press both punches-perforators 216 and 217 into the indicated strip again. The annular element 213" obtained as a result of punching presses the annular element 213 obtained as a result of punching by 65 in the previous stage, upwards (shown by arrow E) and outwards (shown by arrow C) from the tubular punch-perforator 27 of a larger size, this last element 213 being removed behind the punch-perforator 27.

According to a variant of the method of punching, punches-perforators 215 and 216 rotate during pressing into the strip 22.

The annular elements 213 pushed out of the larger punch-perforator 15 can be assembled immediately after removal.

As part of the punching method according to this invention, the starting material used can consist of impregnated glass wool fibers, asbestos or plant fibers with a density of 15 to 8Okg/m, preferably ZBkg/m3. The strip can have a thickness from 4 to 20 cm, preferably from 5 to 15 cm, in particular, approximately 100 cm.

Claims (39)

The formula of the invention 1. A set of thermal insulation containing a felt element made of mineral wool, which has a tubular shape, /5 is bound by a stitched binder, which is characterized by the fact that the felt element is elastically compressed and after sewing the binder, it is compressed in the direction of the axis of the tubular form, while the set contains at least one means of holding the felt element in a compressed state. 2. The kit according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that before compression, the felt element has a density in the range of up to 25 kg/m3. 20 3. The set according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that before compression, the felt element has a density in the range of up to 15 kg/m3. 4. A kit according to one of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that it contains from 3 to 895 by weight of a cross-linked binder. 5. The set according to claim 4, which is characterized by the fact that the means of retention is a film that covers the felt element by cm of the surface of a cylindrical shape. (5) 6. The kit according to claim 5, which differs in that the film is pasted on the felt element. 7. The set according to point b, which is characterized by the fact that the film contains at least one layer of thermoplastic polymer. 8. The kit according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized by the fact that the film contains a solid fiber reinforcing it. - 9. The kit according to one of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the felt element retains the ability to further seal. 10. The kit according to one of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the compressed felt element has a density of 15 to 30 kg/m. "- 11. A kit according to one of the previous items, characterized in that the compressed felt element has a 3o density of 18 to 24 kg/m3. co 12. The kit according to one of the preceding items, characterized in that the ratio of the density of the compressed felt element to the density of the felt element before compaction is in the range of 1.5 to 2.5. 13. A kit according to one of claims 1-4, which is characterized by the fact that the retention means can be removed in such a way that the felt element restores its density, which it had before sealing. 14. The kit according to claim 13, which is characterized by the fact that the felt element is compressed in such a way that it reaches c) with a density that is 7-10 times higher than its density before compression. "» 15. A kit according to claim 13 or 14, which is characterized in that the felt element is part of an insulating jacket, which includes a kit according to one of claims 5-12. 16. The set according to one of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that the axis of the tubular form is perpendicular to the direction of laying the fibers in the felt element. co 17. The kit according to one of the previous items, which differs in that the mineral wool is glass wool. - 18. The set according to one of the previous points, which is characterized by the fact that it contains several identical felt elements, located one behind the other and connected by their ring-shaped bases, and their outer surfaces continue each other. to 50 19. The method of manufacturing a set of thermal insulation according to any of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that a felt element is cut out with a stamp from elastically compressed mineral wool from a felt mat, and the "M" length of the felt element corresponds to the thickness of the mat, then the felt element cut with a stamp is compressed in the direction movement of the stamp to reduce its volume, then block the felt element cut by the stamp in a compressed state with the help of a means made with the possibility of keeping it in a compressed state in a reduced volume of 255. GF) 20. An insulated pipeline, characterized in that it is insulated using a kit according to any of claims 1-12. yes 21. The method of manufacturing ring elements used as heat-insulating shells for pipes by punching from the strip (22) a material made of impregnated fibrous material, such as hardened 60 mineral wool, while in this method a punching tool in the form of at least two perforators is used (27, 215, 216) installed in pressure plates that are pressed into the strip (22) and then removed from it, which differs in that the tubular punches-perforators (27, 215, 216) used protrude from the pressure plate (24) and have a length (x) that corresponds to 80-35095, preferably from 200 to 30095 of the thickness (0) of the strip, and at the same time punching is carried out on at least two pressure tables (210, 219) and in such a way that initially the element (212, 213), obtained by punching, is temporarily held in the punch-perforator (27, 215), and after moving the strip (22) of fibrous material, such as mineral wool, and resuming the pressure directed towards din of the tubular puncher, said element is pushed towards the rear and outwards through said puncher by means of the element (213) obtained as a result of punching, while the impregnated fibrous material is elastically compressed. 22. The method according to the previous item, which differs in that the tubular punches-perforators are a tubular punch-perforator (215) of a larger diameter and a tubular punch-perforator (216) of a smaller diameter, while the specified tubular punches-perforators are installed on the corresponding side 7 /0 mineral wool strips (22) and press each one separately into the strip (22) and move the punch-perforator (216) of a smaller diameter inside the punch-perforator (215) of a larger diameter, as a result of which the ring element (213) that is formed between the specified punches-perforators, is in the form of a plug inside the tubular punch-perforator (215) of a larger size and after both punches-perforators move away from each other, the strip (22) of mineral wool is moved one step and 7/5 Both tubular punches - the perforators press again separately into the specified strip of mineral wool, as a result of which the annular element (213) obtained by punching is pressed out is an annular element (213) obtained by punching in the previous step, beyond the tubular punch-perforator (215) of a larger size, while this last annular element (213) is pushed through the back of this last punch-perforator (215). 23. The method according to the previous item, characterized in that the mineral wool fiber plug, which is obtained as a result of extrusion from the strip (22) at the level of the smaller punch-perforator (216), is sucked in the rear direction by means of a suction device (218) to remove through the punch-perforator (216). 24. The method according to one of the two previous points, which is characterized by the fact that punches-perforators (27, 215, c dv 216) rotate during pressing into the strip (22). 25. The method according to one of claims 21-24, which is characterized in that the ring elements (213), which are removed from (8) of the larger punch-perforator, are collected immediately after removal. 26. The method according to one of claims 21-25, which is characterized by the fact that the starting material used consists of woven fibers of glass wool, asbestos or plant fibers with a density of 15 to 80 kg/m and the strip (22) has a thickness (U from 4 to 20 cm, preferably from 5 to 15 cm, in particular, approximately 10 cm. 27. The method of manufacturing ring elements by punching material from a strip (22) of impregnated fibrous material, such as hardened mineral wool, while in this method a punching tool is used in the form of at least two perforators (27, 215, 216), installed in the pressure plate (24), which is pressed into the strip (22) and then removed from it, which differs in that the tubular punches-perforators (27, 215, 216), which are used, protrude from the pressure plate (24) and have a length c (), which corresponds to 80-35095, preferably from 200 to 30095 of the thickness (|) of the strip, and that punching is carried out on at least two pressure tables (210, 219), at least one of which has holes (28) for installing punches-perforators, and the punching is carried out in such a way that first the element (213), obtained by punching, is temporarily held in the punch-perforator (27, 215), and after moving the strip (22) of 70 fibrous material, such as m ineral wool, and renewing the pressure directed inside the tubular punch-perforator, the indicated element is pushed towards the back and out through the specified c punch-perforator with the help of the element (213) obtained as a result of punching, while the impregnated "" fibrous material is elastically compressed. 28. The method according to the previous item, in which the elements are used, for example, as heat-insulating shells for pipes, which is characterized by the fact that the tubular perforators are tubular Ge | a punch-perforator (215) of a larger diameter and a tubular punch-perforator (216) of a smaller diameter, while the specified tubular punch-perforators are installed on the corresponding side of the strip (22) of mineral wool and the punch-perforators are pressed each separately into the strip (22) and move the punch-perforator (216) to a smaller diameter inside the punch-perforator (215) of a larger diameter, as a result of which the ring element (213), which is formed between the specified punch-perforators, is in the form of a plug and inside the tubular punch-perforator (215) of a larger size, and after both "I punchers-perforators move away from each other, the strip (22) of mineral wool is moved one step and both tubular punchers-perforators are again pressed separately into the indicated strip of mineral wool, as a result of which the obtained by punching the annular element (213) squeezes the annular element (213), obtained by punching at the previous stage, outside the tubular of the punch-perforator (215) of a larger size, while this last ring element (213) is pushed out through the rear part of this F, the last punch-perforator (215). co 29. The method according to the previous item, which is characterized in that the fibrous plug of mineral wool, which is obtained as a result of extrusion from the strip (22) at the level of the smaller punch-perforator (216), because is sucked in the rear direction by means of a suction device (218) for removal through punch-perforator (216). 30. The method according to one of the two previous points, which is characterized by the fact that punches-perforators (27, 215, 216) rotate during pressing into the strip (22). 31. The method according to one of claims 27-30, which is characterized in that the ring elements (213), which are removed from the larger punch-perforator 65, are collected immediately after removal. 32. The method according to one of claims 27-31, which is characterized in that the starting material used consists of woven fibers of glass wool, of asbestos or of vegetable fibers with a density of 15 to 80 kg/m З and the fact that the strip (22) has a thickness (U from 4 to 20 cm, preferably from 5 to 15 cm, in particular, approximately 10 cm 33. An installation for carrying out the method according to one of the previous points for a method containing a device (21) for stepwise movement of a strip (22) made of fibrous material, such as mineral wool or plant fibers, while said fibers are located in the longitudinal direction (A) strips, as well as pressure plates (24), which contain at least two punches-perforators (27, 215, 216), which differs in that the punches-perforators (27, 215, 216) are tubular and have a length (x) that corresponds to 80-50095, preferably from 100 to 35095, in particular, from 200 to 30095 thickness (Y strip, and opposite and at a certain distance from 70 of the pressure plate (24) a pressure table (210) is installed, and the punch-perforator (27, 215 ) is installed in the hole (25) made in the pressure plate (24) in such a way that the extrusion of the annular element (213) obtained as a result of punching is carried out in the rear direction through the inner channel (218) of the punch-perforator (215), while the fibrous the material is pr constricted and elastically compressed. 34. The installation according to the previous point, which differs in that the punches-perforators are 75 tubular punches-perforators (15) of a larger diameter and tubular punches-perforators (16) of a smaller diameter, while the indicated punches-perforators are located directly opposite each other on on the corresponding side of the strip (22) of impregnated fibrous material so that the punch-perforator (16) of a smaller diameter can be pressed against the pressure table (19), which is withdrawn after the punch-perforator passes through the strip, and the punch-perforator ( 15) of a larger diameter could move over the punch-perforator (16) of a smaller diameter, preferably almost coaxially with respect to the indicated punch-perforator. 35. The installation according to the previous item, which is characterized by the fact that the tubular punch-perforator (16) of a smaller diameter interacts with the suction device (18). Coll. The installation according to one of the two previous items, which differs in that the tubular Ha punch-perforator (16) of a smaller diameter has a length (y) that corresponds to 80-15095, preferably from 100 to 120965 thickness (SU band. and9) 37. An installation for carrying out the method according to one of the previous points for the method, which includes a device (21) for gradually moving the strip (22) of fibrous material, such as mineral wool or vegetable fibers, while the specified fibers are located in the longitudinal direction (A) strips, as well as a pressure plate (24), which contains at least two punches-perforators (27, 215, 216), which is characterized in that the punches-perforators (27, 215, 216) are tubular and have a length (x) that corresponds to 80-50095, preferably, from 100 to 35095, in particular, from 200 to 30095 strip thickness (), and opposite and at a certain distance from the pressure plate (24), a pressure table (210) is installed, which contains a hole (28) , and the punch-perforator (27, 215) is installed in the hole (25) made in the pressure plate (24) in such a way that the extrusion of the annular element (213) obtained as a result of the punching could be carried out in the rear direction through the internal channel (218) puncher-perforator (215 ), while the fibrous material is impregnated and elastically compressed. 38. Installation according to one of the two previous items, which differs in that the punches-perforators "are a tubular punch-perforator (15) of a larger diameter and a tubular punch-perforator 40. (16) of a smaller diameter, while the specified punch-perforators are placed directly opposite each other on the corresponding side of the strip (22) of impregnated fibrous material in such a way that the punch-perforator (16) of a smaller diameter can be pressed against the pressure table (19), which is removed "" after the puncher-perforator passes through the strip, and the puncher-perforator (15) of a larger diameter could move over the puncher-perforator (16) of a smaller diameter, preferably practically coaxially in relation to the indicated puncher-perforator .(uh) 39. The installation according to the previous item, which differs in that the tubular punch-perforator (16) of a smaller diameter interacts with the suction device (18). 40. A device according to one of the two previous items, characterized in that the smaller diameter tubular punch (16) has a length (y) corresponding to 80-15095, preferably 100 to 12095, of the thickness (|) of the strip. has) that F) has) 60 b5