UA77936C2 - Method of producing granular metallic iron, method of producing of liquid steel (variants), device for charging subsidiary raw material on hearth of reduction furnace with moving hearth - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a method of producing granular metallic iron, including: heating a formed raw material comprising a carbonaceous reductant and a substance containing iron oxide in a reduction melting furnace to subject the iron I oxide contained in the formed raw material to solid-state reduction; and carburizing reduced iron resulting from the solid-state reduction with carbon contained in the carbonaceous reductant to cause the reduced iron to melt, while separating off gangue components contained in the fanned raw material and causing resulting molten metallic iron to coalesce into the granular metallic iron, wherein an atmospheric gas present in proximity to the formed raw material in the carburizing and melting step has a reduction degree of not less than 0.5. Thepresent invention is also directed to a method of producing metallic iron, including forming a deposit layer containing slag produced in the reductionmelting process on hearth refractories, thereby protecting the hearth refractories while producing the metallic iron. The present invention is further directed to a device for supplying an auxiliary raw material to a hearth of a moving hearth type reduction melting furnace adapted to produce metallic iron, the device including a supply duct vertically connecting with a ceiling portion of the furnace.

Description

Description of the invention

This invention relates to the field of reduction of iron oxide, for example iron ore, by heating together with a reducing agent containing carbon, for example coke, in order to obtain metallic iron.

More specifically, the present invention relates to a method, the use of which allows for the effective reduction of iron oxide to metallic iron by simplified processing, along with the effective separation in the form of slag of slag-forming components included as waste rock in iron ore and similar material from metallic iron, due to resulting in granulated metallic iron of high degree of purity with a high yield of 70.

The present invention also relates to a method of obtaining metallic iron, which is improved to guarantee a stable continuous production while reducing the number of defects of refractory materials, which in the case of using a reducing melting furnace with a moving floor represent a problem in obtaining metallic iron from a formed starting material that includes a reducing agent , containing carbon, and a substance containing iron oxide.

In addition, the present invention relates to an improved feeding device for efficient loading of auxiliary starting materials, such as an atmosphere-regulating agent, into a moving-bed regenerative melting furnace.

The direct blast furnace process to which the Midrex process corresponds, commonly known as the direct iron process, is designed to produce reduced iron by direct reduction of an iron oxide source, such as iron ore or iron oxide, using a carbonaceous material or reducing gas. In accordance with the method of direct production of iron of this type, the reducing gas obtained from natural gas is injected into the furnace through the hole for the lance provided in the lower part of the mine furnace, and the iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron due to the reducing power of the reducing gas. Recently, attention has been drawn to another process for obtaining reduced iron, in which instead of natural gas, a carbonaceous material, such as coal, is used as a reducing agent, and one such process, called the SL-RN process, has already been put into practice.

US Patent No. 3,443,931 discloses another process in which carbonaceous material and powdered iron oxide are mixed with each other and formed into a mass or ingots, which in turn are reduced by heating on a rotating bed to obtain reduced iron . co

US patent No. 5,885,521 discloses a method in which granulated starting material intended for the production of reduced iron, dried in a drying furnace, is loaded onto the floor through a feed pipe that passes down through the ceiling part of the furnace with a movable floor to a location near the floor, and first a layer The granulated initial material intended for the production of reduced iron is leveled to a thickness of 39 by means of a leveler of coils provided on the side surface of the front end of the supply pipeline, and then additionally leveled with the help of a smoothing device located relative to the leveler of coils further down the process in the direction of movement I will go

In addition, as a process intended for the direct reduction of iron oxide to reduced iron, such a process of reduction during melting as DIOS is known. According to this method, the iron oxide is pre-reduced to a reduction factor of about 3095 and then such iron oxide is directly subjected to the reduction reaction together with carbon in an iron bath until the iron oxide turns into metallic iron.

And" in Mo's publication HER! 8-27507 of the Bulletin of the Published Patents of Japan discloses another direct iron reduction process in which a powdered reducing agent containing carbon with a desulphurizing additive powdered iron oxide is layered on a moving bed and the resulting package is heated to obtain sponge iron. and Publication No. 11-106812 of the Japanese Patent Publication Mo. 11-106812 discloses a method in which a starting material containing iron ore and a solid reducing agent is charged into a rotating-bed furnace (reducing furnace) through an inlet channel passing through the ceiling part of the furnace, is transferred through the partition to the floor, and it is under this floor. the carrier starting material is rotated to allow the starting material to fail within the furnace for one revolution, after which the material is discharged. The essential difference of the method is that the high-temperature reduced ore is placed under the partition for preliminary heating of the initial material on the partition with the radiant heat of the reduced ore, while the reduced ore, the temperature of which has decreased, is discharged through the outlet.

The applicant of this invention has for a long time conducted research aimed at developing a method 29 using which would allow to efficiently obtain metallic iron with a high degree of purity from iron ore.

HF) ore with a relatively low iron content, as well as from iron oxide with a high iron content, with the help of simplified processing. The following method, developed as a result of research, was first proposed in the publication Mo NEI 9-256017 of the Bulletin of Japanese Patents.

This method is distinguished by the fact that when obtaining metallic iron by heating the formed ore body, which includes a reducing agent containing carbon and iron oxide, the iron oxide is reduced in a solid state by heating for the purpose of forming and growing a crust of metallic iron, while the recovery heating is continued until iron oxide is no longer present within the crust, and heating is continued to cause the slag to flow out of the metallic iron crust, thereby separating the metallic iron and the slag from each other. bo In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing granular metallic iron, comprising: heating a molded starting material comprising a reducing agent containing carbon and a substance containing iron oxide in a reducing furnace to expose the iron oxide contained in molded initial material, recovery in the solid state; and carburization of reduced iron, which

RESULTS from reduction in the solid state by the carbon contained in the reducing agent containing carbon to cause melting of the reduced iron, as well as to separate the waste rock components contained in the formed parent material and to cause coalescence of the resulting metallic iron to granulated metallic iron, in which the gas environment, which is near the formed initial material at the stage of carburization and melting, has a reducing power not lower than 0.5. 70 According to another aspect of this invention, a method of obtaining metallic iron is provided, which includes the formation of a deposited layer on the refractory materials of the floor, containing the slag obtained in the process of reduction smelting, as a result of which the refractory materials of the floor are protected during the production of metallic iron.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a device is provided for loading the auxiliary starting material on the floor of a reductive melting furnace with a moving floor, made with the possibility of obtaining 75 metallic iron, containing a feed pipe, in a vertical position, connected to the ceiling part of the furnace.

These and other features and related advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 schematically shows the remelting equipment used in this invention;

Fig. 2 - a view equivalent to the section made along the line A-A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 - expanded in the longitudinal direction explanatory view in section of the equipment according to Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 - graphs showing the corresponding changes in the temperature of the furnace atmosphere, the temperature of the formed starting material, the reduction coefficient and the quantities of CO gas released and CO gas released during the stage of reduction in the solid state and the stage of melting when using the principle of invention Ha Two-stage heating;

Fig. 5 - graphs showing the corresponding changes in the metallization coefficient of iron oxide contained in i9) molded starting material, and the amount of residual Re during the stage of recovery in the solid state and the stage of melting;

Fig. b6 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of residual carbon in the reduced iron at the time "o

When the metallization ratio reaches 10090, and the amount of residual carbon in the finally obtained metallic iron; and.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the metallization coefficient and the recovery coefficient; Gee!

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the corresponding changes in the temperature inside the formed starting material and the renewable capacity of the gas medium when using and without using coal powder as an agent, - regulating the atmosphere; -

Fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the construction of the main part of the furnace with a movable floor, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 10 - a section along the line A-A from Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a view illustrating the main part of another preferred feeding device according to the invention; "

Fig. 12 is a view illustrating the main part of another preferred feeding device according to the invention; Fig. 13 is a view illustrating the main part of another preferred feeding device according to the invention;

Fig. 14 - a photograph showing metallic iron and slag in the state that was experimentally obtained immediately after carburization and melting;

Fig. 15 is a graph confirming the effect of reducing the sulfur content in metallic iron in an experiment with the purposeful addition of a source of CaO to the formed starting material to regulate the number - basicity of slag;

Fig. 1b6 is a graph showing the relationship between the basicity number of the obtained slag and the sulfur content in the obtained metallic iron; (Ce) Fig. 17 is an explanatory view illustrating the integrated production system for obtaining iron and steel used in this invention; o Fig. 18A-E - schematically shows the state of the slag deposited layer, formed when using this 4") of the invention;

Fig. 19A, B - schematically shown overlay of the floor according to another example of the implementation of the invention;

Fig. 20A-C - schematically showing the laying of the floor according to another example of the execution of the floor;

Fig. 21A-C - schematically shows the deposition of iodine according to another example of the implementation of the invention;

Fig. 22A-E - schematically shows the situation with the laying of the floor, when the top layer of the agent, which regulates the atmosphere, is formed; Fig. 23A, B - schematically shows another situation with the laying of the floor, when the top layer of the agent regulating the atmosphere is formed; in Fig. 24 is a graphic image explaining the recipe of the starting material, the content and compositions of the products in the process of obtaining metallic iron used in the example,

Fig. 25 is a photograph showing a typical metallic iron obtained in an example of the invention,

Figu26b is a graphic image that explains the recipe of the starting material, the content and composition of products in the process of obtaining metallic iron, used in another example; and 65 Fig. 27 is a photograph showing the state of metallic iron obtained in the case when the gaseous environment near the formed starting material had a reducing power of at least 0.5 at the stage of carburization, melting and coalescence.

The applicant of this invention constantly conducted research aimed at further improving the invention mentioned above. Research on one such improvement has been done on the control of conditions in the carburizing and melting stage to try to increase the purity and yield of metallic iron by preventing the re-oxidation of metallic iron caused by an oxidizing gas such as CO' or HO, especially in the carburizing and melting stage. which follows the recovery stage in the solid state.

As a result, it was found that, although the reducing power of the gas medium near the formed starting material is supported by a high reducing gas (mainly carbon monoxide), which is obtained 7/0 when reduction occurs in the solid state due to the reaction between a large amount of reducing agent containing carbon and oxide of the iron contained in the formed starting material, but the iron thus reduced is likely to be re-oxidized at the end of the solid state reduction stage and at the subsequent carburizing and melting stage, as the amount of carbon monoxide produced at these stages decreases, while at these stages, the water content or the concentration of an oxidizing gas, such as carbon dioxide, which /5 is formed as an exhaust gas resulting from the combustion of the heating burner, becomes relatively high.

Therefore, the task of the invention is to create a method, the use of which allows to minimize the re-oxidation of metallic iron at the end of the stage of reduction in the solid state and after it, especially at the stage of carburization and melting, in order to effectively obtain granular

Metallic iron with a high metallization ratio and a high degree of purity at a high yield.

Another task of the invention is to create a method, the use of which allows to reduce the erosion or abrasion of refractory materials of the floor due to the influence of liquid Geo, which is formed during the production of metallic iron, which guarantees the extension of the service life of refractory materials, as a result of which the operational reliability of the equipment is increased and long-term continuous production is guaranteed. high school

Another object of the invention is to create a method, the use of which allows loading the auxiliary starting material on the floor in such a way that a thin layer of the auxiliary starting material is formed, which is uniform in the direction of the width of the floor.

In one aspect, the method according to the invention is characterized in that in order to obtain granular metallic iron by reductive melting of the formed starting material containing a source of iron oxide Ge

(hereinafter, depending on the situation, it may be called "iron ore or similar material"), such as iron ore, iron oxide or its partially reduced product, and a reducing agent containing carbon (hereinafter, depending on the situation, it may be called "carbonaceous material" ), such as coke or coal, regulate Ge! the condition of the furnace atmosphere at the last stage of production, in particular at the stage of carburization and melting, in a suitable manner, in order to prevent the re-oxidation of the reduced iron, as a result of which it becomes possible to obtain - c5 granulated metallic iron with a high degree of purity, and to reduce the production of ReO due to repeated oxidation of metallic iron, to reduce erosion or abrasion of refractory floor materials.

Below, specific features of this invention will be described in detail with reference to drawings illustrating examples of the invention.

Figures 1-3 show schematic views illustrating an example of a reductive melting furnace with a moving floor, developed by the applicant for the implementation of the invention. The oven shown is a vaulted structure with a rotating bottom. Fig. 1 schematically shows the design of the furnace; Fig. 2 shows a section along the line A-A with

Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 schematically shows a view illustrating the furnace in the direction of rotation of the rotating floor. In these drawings, the reference numeral 1 designates a rotating pod, which is made capable of rotating at a suitable speed by means of an unshown drive, and the reference numeral 2 designates a furnace casing that closes the rotating pod 1. -I Regenerative melting furnace with a movable the basis in which the present invention can be used is not limited to the form and structure shown in Fig. from 1 to 3. This invention can be effectively used in the recovery

Sh - a melting furnace with a movable floor of any other design, for example, with a rectangular grate,

Ge) provided that the furnace has a movable pod as an integral element.

The casing 2 of the furnace is provided with a large number of burners C on the surfaces of the corresponding walls, and the heat of combustion generated by these burners 3 and the radiant heat are transferred to the formed initial

Ф material on the rotating floor 1 to restore the formed initial material when heated.

The furnace casing 2 shown in the drawing, which is a preferred example, has an internal space divided into a first zone 21, a second zone 2", a third zone 23 and a fourth zone 7y with three partition walls Ku, K" and Kz. On the side 5 of the casing 2 of the furnace, located upstream of the process in the direction of rotation of the rotating bed 1, there is a feeding means 4 for feeding the starting material and auxiliary starting material, facing the bed, which

F; rotates 1, while the unloading device 6 is provided on the lower side throughout the process in the ka direction of rotation. It should be noted that since pod 1 is rotating, it can be said that the unloading device would be located on the upstream side of the boron feeding means 4, immediately in front of it.

In the operation of the reduction melting furnace, pieces of molded starting material containing iron ore or similar material and carbonaceous material are fed from the feeding means 4 to the rotating under 1, which rotates at a speed predetermined in advance under the condition of forming a layer having the required thickness. The molded initial material loaded on pod 1, during passage through zone 71 is exposed to the heat of combustion generated by burners 65 and radiant heat, as a result of which the iron oxide in the molded initial material is regenerated upon heating, maintaining a solid state with the help of a carbon material that contained in the molded initial material, and carbon monoxide, which is formed during the combustion of carbon material. Then the formed starting material is additionally recovered by heating in the second zone 75 to obtain reduced iron, which is recovered, in fact, completely. After that, the obtained reduced iron is carburized and melted with further heating in the reducing atmosphere of the third zone 73, as a result of which the reduced iron coalesces into granular metallic iron with separation from the slag that is formed as a by-product. The granulated metal iron obtained in this way is cooled, and it is solidified with the help of some cooling agent C in the fourth zone 74, and then unloaded with the help of the unloading device 6 located further down the process. The slag formed as a by-product can also be extracted along with metallic iron at the same time. Metallic iron and slag are fed into a suitable separator (sieve or magnetic separator) through funnel H to separate them from each other. In the end, metallic iron can be obtained having a degree of purity of about 9595 or higher, but preferably about 9895 or higher, with an extremely low slag content.

Although the fourth zone 77 in the drawing is shown open to the external atmosphere, in practice it is desirable that the /5 furnace is preferably closed with a lid to reduce heat dissipation and ensure the ability to regulate the internal furnace atmosphere accordingly. Although the inner space of the furnace is shown divided into the first zone 71, the second zone 2", the third zone 23 and the fourth zone 7u with three partition walls Ku,

Ko, Kz, the present invention is not limited to such a sectional construction and, of course, appropriate modifications can be made based on the size of the furnace, performance, principle of operation, etc. However, in the present invention, it is desirable that the partition wall be located at least between the region of solid state reduction corresponding to the first half stage of the heat reduction process and the carburization, melting and coalescence region corresponding to the second half of the stage in order to provide the ability to control the temperature and gas environment in the furnace on local basis. In addition, in the present invention, it is desirable that the region of completion of solid-state reduction is located at least between the region of solid-state reduction corresponding to the first half of the heating reduction and the carburization, melting and coalescence region corresponding to the second half, and that the temperature and gas environment in furnaces were regulated on a local basis. and)

As can be seen from Fig.3, the first zone 75 is the region of recovery in the solid state, the second zone 75 is the region of completion of the recovery in the solid state, and the third zone 73 is the region of carburization, melting and coalescence.

In the region of completion of solid state reduction, the reducing power of the gas medium in the furnace is increased by such a method as the addition of natural gas, coke gas, methane, etc., maintaining the temperature inside the furnace at which the formed starting material remains in a solid state. As a result, the dispersion of the coefficient of recovery of the formed initial materials is determined by the distribution of the granule sizes of the formed initial materials, the inhomogeneity of the condition in the furnace, etc. decreases, and the recovery factor of all formed starting materials increases. Carburization and melting of the formed initial materials in the area of carburization, melting and coalescence, which is located further, are stable. h-

When the temperature of the furnace atmosphere at the recovery stage (recovery in the solid state) of the reduction smelting process is very high, or more precisely, when at a certain period of the recovery process the temperature of the furnace atmosphere becomes higher than the melting temperature of the slag component as well as the waste rock components contained in the starting material , in unreduced iron oxide, etc., such a slag component, which has a lower melting point, melts and reacts with refractory materials that form a mobile under, causing (7-3

Gases erosion or abrasion of refractory materials. Therefore, the smoothness of the floor cannot be preserved. In addition, when the iron oxide is heated more than necessary for the reduction in the solid state reduction stage and this )» reduction is different from the solid state reduction, the GeO as iron oxide contained in the starting material melts before the reduction begins and therefore , the so-called "reduction on melting" occurs (a phenomenon in which iron oxide is reduced on melting; and this reduction is different from -and reduction in the solid state), in which GeO rapidly reacts with the carbon (C) contained in carbon material. Although reduction by melting also gives metallic iron, but by reduction with melting

Sh- a slag containing Geo is formed, and which has a higher fluidity, which, in turn, leads to a strong

Ge) erosion or abrasion of refractory materials of the floor. Therefore, it is difficult to guarantee continuous production, which is required in practical use of the furnace. Although such a phenomenon depends on the type of iron ore and carbon material that forms the formed initial

Ф material, or from the composition of the slag-forming component contained in the binder or similar material, it has been found that when the temperature of the furnace atmosphere during solid reduction is above about 14002, the low melting point slag, as described above, permeates, causing erosion or abrasion of the refractories of the floor, and that when the temperature of the furnace atmosphere is above 15002C, undesirable reduction in melting occurs regardless of the type or grade of iron ore or starting material, resulting in severe erosion or abrasion of the refractories of the floor. i.e.) Figure 4 graphically shows the reaction conditions in the case when the initial material is formed (in the form of coils with a diameter of 16 to 19 mm), containing iron ore as a source of iron oxide and 60o coal as a reducing agent containing carbon, was loaded into the furnace, which was controlled to maintain the temperature of the furnace atmosphere at a level of about 13002 on the graph this level is represented (straight line (1)), and underwent reduction in the solid state until the reduction ratio (the consumption of oxygen removed from of iron oxide contained in the formed starting material) at reached 100905, and after that, the obtained reduced iron was loaded into the melting zone, where the temperature of the furnace 65 atmosphere was maintained at about 14252 (represented on the graph by a straight line (2)) at the time indicated straight line (3). In addition, Fig. 4 shows the temperature inside the molded initial material, which was continuously measured by a thermocouple previously introduced into the molded initial material, the temperature of the gas medium in the furnace and the corresponding changes over time in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxide, carbon, formed during the recovery process.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, granular metallic iron can be efficiently and stably obtained if the principle of two-stage heating is implemented so that the reduction occurs until the reduction coefficient (oxygen removal coefficient) reaches 8095 (the value indicated by point A in Fig. 4) or a larger value, preferably 9595 (the value indicated by point B in Fig. 4), or an even larger value, while the molded initial material remains in the furnace in a solid state without partial melting of the slag 7/0 Component contained in the molded initial material. More specifically, the principle of two-stage heating is carried out in such a way as to ensure the possibility of recovery in the solid state while maintaining the temperature inside the furnace in the range from 1200 to 1500922, more preferably - from 1200 to 14009C, and then increasing the temperature inside the furnace to values from 1350 to 15002C for recovery part of the iron oxide that remained unreduced, and for carburization, melting and coalescence of the obtained metallic iron.

When evaluating changes over time in the temperature of the furnace atmosphere, which is continuously measured and shown in Fig. 4, before the start of the experiment, a drop in temperature was detected in the range of 80 to 100 °C relative to the set internal temperature, which was set at 13002 °C, when the molded starting material was loaded into the furnace, but then the internal temperature gradually rose and at the end of the recovery stage in the solid state reached the initially set temperature value. Since the temperature drop at the beginning of the experiment was caused by the characteristics of the furnace, this temperature drop at the initial stage can be reduced by changing the heating means of the furnace.

As for the time presented in Fig. 4 on the horizontal axis, the reduction in the solid state, melting and coalescence of the iron oxide are usually completed in a time interval of about 10 to 13 minutes, although this time interval is slightly shifted, depending on the composition of the iron and carbon material, from which the formed initial material is formed, and other similar characteristics. at

If the recovery in the solid state of the molded starting material takes place with the maintenance of the recovery factor below 8095, then during subsequent melting by heating, the impregnation of low-melting point slag from the molded starting material occurs, which causes, as described above, erosion or abrasion of the refractories. In contrast to this, if at the end of the stage of recovery in the solid state and), 1 during further processing, i.e. during carburization, melting and coalescence, the recovery coefficient should be maintained at the level of 8095 or higher, preferably at the level of 9595 or higher, the recovery of part of BGeO, that remained unreduced in the molded starting material occurs within the molded starting material, and therefore slag impregnation can be reduced and thereby guarantee stable continuous production without severe erosion or abrasion of refractories. 3 The appropriate internal temperature of the furnace at which a higher recovery factor can be guaranteed in. without impregnation of slag with a low melting point in the first stage, i.e. the stage of recovery in the solid state shown in Fig. 4, is in the range from 1200 to 15002, preferably from 1200 to 1400920. If the internal temperature of the furnace is lower than 1200 2C, the recovery in in the solid state proceeds slowly, and therefore, it is necessary for the molded starting material to burn in the furnace for a longer period of time, which leads to lower productivity. On the other hand, if the internal temperature is 14002 or C s above, especially above 15002C, then as described above, the impregnation of slag with a low melting point under 1" of the time of the reduction process occurs regardless of the type or grade of iron ore or similar component in the initial material, causing erosion or abrasion of refractories and thereby making continuous production difficult. Although it may be the case that for a certain composition or proportion of iron-1 ore used as a starting material, the impregnation phenomenon does not occur in the temperature range of 1400 to 15002C, the repeatability and probability of such a case is low. Therefore, the appropriate temperature for reduction in the solid phase is in the range from 1200 to 15002C, preferably from 1200 to 14002. Usually on

Ge) In practice, it is possible to set the internal furnace temperature at or below 1200°C at the start of the solid state reduction stage 50 and then raise it to between 1200 and 15002°C in the latter half of the solid state reduction stage to cause the solid state reduction to occur. condition o The molded starting material, brought to the desired degree of solid state recovery in the solid state recovery region, is transferred to the melting region, where the internal temperature of the furnace is increased to 142520. In the melting region, the internal temperature of the formed starting material increases until it temporarily falls near the point C, and then rises again, reaching a value of 1425 oC, which is a given temperature value. Presumably, the drop in temperature near point C is caused by heat withdrawal by the latent heat required to melt the reduced iron, and therefore point C can be referred to the initial o melting point. The initial melting point is largely determined by the amount of residual carbon in the reduced iron particles. At the initial melting point, the melting point of such particles of reduced iron 60 is lowered due to carburization by such residual carbon and CO gas, and therefore the reduced iron melts rapidly. For. guarantees; rapid melting is necessary so that a sufficient amount of carbon for carburization remains in the particles of reduced iron after the completion of reduction in the solid state. The amount of residual carbon is determined by the ratio of the content of iron ore or similar material to the carbon material added during the formation of the formed starting material. According to the experiments carried out by the applicant of the present invention, it was found that reduced iron can be rapidly carburized to lower the melting point and cause rapid melting in the temperature range of 1300 to 15002, if the carbonaceous material is initially mixed in such an amount that the amount of residual carbon (i.e., the amount of excess carbon) in the solid-reduced product is at least 1.595 when the final reduction factor in the solid-state reduction stage reaches substantially 10095, or alternatively when the metallization factor reaches 100905. It should be noted that if the amount of residual carbon in reduced iron is less than 1.595, then the melting point of the reduced iron will not be low enough due to insufficient carbon for carburization, and therefore the temperature must be raised to 15002C or higher for heating melting.

Pure iron, which is not carbonized at all, has a melting point of 15372C. Therefore, reduced iron can 70 melt when heated to a temperature above its melting point. However, it is desirable that the operating temperature of the practical furnace should be as low as possible in order to reduce the heat load on the refractory materials of the floor, taking into account the melting temperature of the slag formed as a by-product, it is desirable to set the operating temperature to about 15002C or lower. More precisely, it is desirable to adjust the operating conditions so that the temperature at the melting stage shown in Fig.4 can be higher in the range of 50 to 2002 relative to 72 of the initial melting point. This is necessary because at the stage of carbonization and melting it is desirable to set a higher temperature than at the stage of reduction in the solid state, in the range of approximately 50 to 2002C, more preferably in the range of approximately 50 to 1502C, and at the same time carbonization and melting proceed more smoothly and more efficiently.

In addition, in this invention, it is desirable to adjust the conditions for obtaining iron in such a way that the carbon content in the obtained finished metallic iron can be approximately from 1.5 to 4.595, more preferably from 2.0 to 4.096. This carbon content is largely determined by the amount of carbon material added during the preparation of the molded starting material and by the regulation of the furnace atmosphere at the stage of recovery in the solid state. In particular, the lower limit of the carbon content is determined by the amount of residual carbon in the reduced iron at the end of the recovery stage in the solid state and during the subsequent time interval (ie, the degree of carburization). However, the carbon content of the resulting finished metallic iron can rise to a much higher value than the lower limit of the above-mentioned range if the reduction factor at the last stage of solid state reduction reaches essentially 10095, although at the same time the residual carbon content in the amount is guaranteed 1,595 indicated above. In addition, it was found that the carbon content of the obtained finished metallic iron can increase to a maximum value, that is, up to 4.895, if the amount of residual carbon in the reduced iron is 4.095 or more, before the completion of the stage, reduction in the solid state, and when this ensures the possibility of carburization, melting and coalescence at the subsequent stage of melting. However, in order to guarantee a stable, continuous course of the process and a higher quality of metallic iron Ф, it is preferable that the amount of residual carbon is in the range from 1.5 to 4.595. h-

As for the gaseous environment, a large amount of CO is formed by the reaction between the iron oxide and the carbonaceous material contained in the molded starting material, and therefore the gaseous environment near the molded starting material is kept highly recoverable due to the self-shielding effect.

However, such a self-shielding effect cannot be expected at the end of the recovery stage in the solid state and at the further stage of carbonization and melting, since the amount of CO gas at these stages decreases sharply. "

Fig. 5 shows the results of determining the dependence between the metallization coefficient of the product recovered in the solid state, the amount of residual Reo and the amount of residual carbon. As shown, the amount of residual C EeO decreases as reduction proceeds in the solid state, i.e., with an increase in the metallization ratio. As shown in Fig. 4, the recovery of the molded starting material took place in a solid state in the furnace, the temperature of which was maintained in the range from 1200 to 1500 ° C, up to the straight line (1) in Fig. 5, and subsequently carburization, melting and the coalescence of the obtained reduced iron took place in the melting region, in which -1 but the atmosphere was highly reducing, and the temperature was maintained by regulation in the range from 1350 to 150092С. The dependence between the metallization coefficient, the amount of residual BeO and the amount of residual carbon at the last stage changes according to the curves to the right of the straight line (1) in Fig.5. so Curves (1) and (2) in Fig. 5 reflect the relationship between the metallization coefficient and the amount of residual carbon. More precisely, curve (1) refers to the case where the amount of residual carbon is about 1.595, at which point in time the metallization reaches 10095, while curve (2) refers to the case when the amount

Ф of the residual carbon is approximately 3.095, and at this point in time the metallization reaches 10095. In the practical application of this invention, the amount of carbon material admixed during the preparation of the molded starting material is preferably set so that the amount of residual carbon corresponds to the curve that

Passes above the curve (1).

It should be noted that the amount of residual carbon at the time when the metallization coefficient reaches (F, 10095) fluctuates slightly due to fluctuations in the reducing power of the gas medium in the furnace, even if a constant

The GI amount of carbon material should be mixed during the preparation of the molded starting material. Therefore, it is recommended each time when preparing the molded starting material to choose the amount of carbon in the material that is mixed in accordance with the regenerative capacity of the gas medium during the operation of the furnace. In any case, the amount of carbonaceous material to be admixed must be chosen so that the final amount of residual carbon is approximately 1.595 or more when the metallization ratio reaches 100905.

Fig. b shows the results of determining the dependence between the final amount of residual carbon at 10090 metallization and the C content in the obtained metallic iron. As shown in Fig. b, when the amount of residual carbon is in the range of 1.5 to 5.095, the C content in the obtained metallic iron is guaranteed to be in the range of 1.0 to 4.595, and when the amount of residual carbon is in the range of 2.0 to 4.095, the content of C in the resulting metallic iron is guaranteed to be between 1.0 and 4.595.

In the above description, two features, that is, the metallization coefficient and the recovery coefficient, are used to characterize the restored state Ed. These features have the corresponding definitions indicated below, and the relationship between them can be represented, for example, by the graph shown in Fig.7. Since the relationship between the two parameters depends on the type or grade of iron ore used as a source of iron oxide, on

Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the metallization coefficient and the reduction coefficient for the case when magnetite (RezO) is used as an iron source. The coefficient of metallization is equal to the result of dividing the amount of metallic iron obtained as a result of iron by the sum of the amount of iron obtained as a result of metallic 7/o Iron and the amount of iron contained in the iron ore, multiplied by 10095. The recovery factor is equal to the result of dividing the amount of oxygen removed during the recovery process by the amount of oxygen in the iron oxide contained in the formed starting material, multiplied by 10090.

As described above, in the practical application of this invention, a reductive melting furnace is used, in which the heating of the formed starting material is carried out by a burner. As also described with reference to 7/5 Fig.4, due to a large amount of CO gas and a small amount of CO" produced by the reaction between the source of iron oxide and the carbonaceous material contained in the molded starting material loaded into the furnace, the gas environment near of the molded initial material is kept largely reducible due to the shielding effect of CO gas released from the molded initial material during recovery in the solid state.

However, this self-shielding effect is weakened due to the rapid decrease in the amount of CO gas formed in the time interval from the middle to the end of the solid state recovery stage, and therefore the furnace atmosphere begins to be affected by waste gas (oxidizing gas, including CO, NOO and etc.), which is formed during the burning of the burner. As a result, metallic iron, which is continuously reduced, becomes susceptible to re-oxidation. At the stage following the completion of recovery in the solid state, melting and coalescence of small grains of reduced iron are carried out due to a decrease in the melting temperature of reduced iron caused by carbonization by residual carbon contained in the molded starting material. At this stage, the self-shielding effect is also weak, and therefore the reduced iron is susceptible to re-oxidation.

Therefore, it is important to appropriately regulate the composition of the gas medium, in the area of carburization and remelting, in order to reduce such re-oxidation while ensuring the possibility of effective carburization, melting and coalescence after recovery in the solid state. at

In addition, a study was conducted aimed at determining the atmospheric conditions in the furnace, which provide (33) the possibility of effective carburization and melting while preventing the re-oxidation of reduced iron at the stage of carburization and melting, following recovery in the solid state. c.

With reference to Fig.8, the results of the study are described below. In the experiment of this study, a chamber electric furnace was used, and as an agent regulating the atmosphere at the stage of carburization and melting, powdered or granular carbon material was used, and at the same time, a highly reducing atmosphere was maintained at the stage of carburization and melting by distributing the carbon material on the floor in order to form a layer of the appropriate thickness. "

More specifically, granulated coal of various types, having granules of various sizes, which was used as a welding agent and an atmosphere regulator, was distributed on an aluminum tray until a layer of about 3 mm thickness was formed, and 50 to 60 pieces of molded starting material with a diameter of about 19 mm were placed in a row on layers, )" while one of these pieces was equipped with a thermocouple. The tray containing the molded initial material was loaded into a chamber electric furnace with measurement of the temperature of the molded initial material during heating and determination of the composition of the gas formed in order to analyze the probability of re-oxidation -I of the resulting metal iron. The temperature of the electric furnace was set so that it reached approximately 14502 and above, while the initial composition of the gas medium was as follows: the content of CO" was 2095 and the content of Mo 7 was 8095. (Te) Fig. 8 shows the results of measuring the temperature of the molded of the initial material, measured using a thermocouple, and determination of the composition of the gas medium as the temperature gradually increases in the furnace. In Fig. 8, the horizontal axis shows the temperature values, and the vertical axis shows the 4") dimensionless values of the reducing power of the gas medium, (СОДСОСО5)). This drawing shows the results of four experiments. More specifically, curve (3) represents the results obtained in the case where no atmospheric control agent was used; curve (4) reflects the results obtained in the case

When coarse-grained coal with an average particle diameter of at least C, Ohm was used as an atmosphere-regulating agent; and curves (1) and (2) reflect, respectively, the results obtained in cases where

F, fine coal powders A and B with particles with a diameter of up to 2.0 mm or less were used. In addition, the BeO-Re equilibrium curve and the BeO/-Be equilibrium curve are shown in Fig. 8 as measures of the probability of re-oxidation.

The areas circled in Fig. 8 represent the moments of time at which in each experiment carbonization and melting begin, following essentially the completion of recovery in the solid phase. According to the present invention, it is most important to regulate the gas environment at these moments of time.

As can be seen in Fig. 8, in the case represented by curve (3), when no atmosphere-regulating agent was used, the region (C), in which carburization, melting and coalescence begin, is significantly below the BeO-Be equilibrium curve. This means that the reduced iron is completely molten with partial 65 Recovery on melting. Although even in this case metallic iron is obtained, the reduction that occurs during melting not only causes molten slag to permeate the formed starting material, but also leads to the formation of liquid RHeo, which, in turn, causes severe erosion or abrasion of refractory materials, as a result which, as described above, causes difficulties in obtaining products.

In contrast to this, in the cases represented by curves (1) and (2), when coal powders having small particles were used, the reducing power of the gas medium was noticeably better, and the area (A) in which carburization, melting and coalescence of the reduced iron begins , is above the ReO-Ge equilibrium curve and is kept in the zone in which GeO is not formed. In the case represented by curve (4), when coarse-grained coal was used, the region (B), in which carburization, melting and coalescence begin, is located slightly below the BeO-Be equilibrium curve. This means that weak re-oxidation can occur in this region. However, the analysis of the components of the obtained metallic iron showed that re-oxidation almost does not occur.

Therefore, it can be argued that carburization, melting, and coalescence of the reduced iron obtained as a result of reduction in the solid state can proceed smoothly without re-oxidation, as a result of which the possibility of effectively obtaining metallic iron with a high degree of purity is ensured, if the gaseous /5 environment is regulated in this way , so that the reducing power is not lower than 0.5, preferably - not lower than 0.6, but more preferably - not lower than 0.7, and most preferably, its value is higher than the GeO-ГРе equilibrium curve, at least by the beginning of the stage of carbonization, melting and coalescence. It should be noted that, although there is a danger of significant re-oxidation at a reducing capacity ranging from 0.5 to 0.7, but in the analysis of experimental data obtained in the course of the experiment with the aim of 2o determining the reducing capacity of the gaseous medium, it was established , that re-oxidation does not occur in a gaseous medium having a reducing power of 0.5 to 0.7, as actually measured, since in fact the gaseous medium in and near the molded starting material is kept highly reducing due to the presence of residual carbon in the molded starting material and in the agent, regulating the atmosphere, and also due to the fact that oxidizing gases, such as CO" and НО, which enter the formed material from the gaseous medium above the bottom, are immediately restored by the agent regulating the atmosphere from the carbonaceous material. When the reducing power drops below 0.5, metallic iron, o); is probably re-oxidized, as shown in Fig. 27, which will be explained later, while carburization proceeds with difficulty and, therefore, the coalescence of metallic iron into pellets proceeds with difficulty, resulting in similar shells of iron pellets, which partially include iron-encrusted slag. Since such a Hezo iron product has a low degree of purity and poor quality of form, the problem of this invention is not solved.

Although the reducing power of the gas environment quickly decreases after the completion of carburization, and, melting and coalescence of reduced iron, liquid and combined metallic iron is mostly completely Ge! separated from the slag, which is formed as a by-product at the same time as the real production, and therefore it is little affected by such a drop in the regenerative capacity of the basin medium. When such liquid metallic iron solidifies - c5 upon cooling, it is possible to obtain granular metallic iron of high quality. Cha

From the above description, it is clear that the coal powder used as an atmosphere control agent preferably has particles with a diameter of up to 3 mm or less, more preferably up to 2 mm or less, since such a fine powder can more reliably inhibit re-oxidation on stages of carbonization, melting and coalescence. Taking into account the productivity and operational qualities of the furnace during practical work, the most preferred limits of the diameter of the particles of such coal powder are between 0.3 and 1.5 mm. Although there are no special restrictions on the thickness of the seam layer of coal powder distributed on the floor, a thickness of approximately 2 mm or more is preferable, and more preferably - 3 mm or more, since the absolute amount of coal as an atmosphere-regulating agent becomes not enough if the carbon powder layer is too thin. Although no special restrictions are imposed on the upper limit of the particle layer thickness, from a practical point of view, the upper

A layer thickness limit of about 7 mm or less, more preferably about bmm or less, - And since the regulating action of the atmosphere regulating agent, as expected, undergoes saturation and therefore the excess layer thickness leads to unproductive costs . Instead of coal as an agent regulating the atmosphere,

Sh- any CO source can be used, for example, coke or charcoal. Such CO sources are possible

Ge) can be used both independently and in a mixture.

Combustible gas, such as natural gas, coke gas, or methane, etc., can be used as an atmosphere-regulating agent. In this case, the reducing power can be adjusted by introducing gas into the direct

Ф proximity to the formed initial material at the end of the stage, recovery, in the solid state before the stage of carbonization, melting and coalescence.

The atmosphere control agent can be distributed over the base before loading the molded initial into the furnace

Material. In this case, the atmosphere-regulating agent also serves to protect the refractory materials of the floor from liquid slag, which can seep due to fluctuations in operating conditions during the reduction smelting process.

F; Of course, it is also useful when, in contrast to the above, the atmosphere control agent is loaded onto the pad immediately before the start of carburizing and melting of the molded starting material, since the atmosphere control agent can be expected to provide such a protective effect during the carburizing, melting and for Coalescence after completion of recovery in the solid state.

In addition, the gas that forms the reducing gas, or the reducing gas itself, such as natural gas, coke oven gas and methane, can also be used as an atmosphere control agent. In this case, it is desirable to provide means for supplying gas to the partition wall and for supplying gas from the end of the partition wall. In this way, the gas feed can be easily protected from the high-temperature atmosphere in the furnace, and the reducing gas can be 65 confidently fed near the floor.

There are no special restrictions on the method of loading the atmosphere-regulating agent. However, when using pipeline loading, it can be difficult to continuously feed auxiliary starting materials to the sub with the formation of a layer of uniform thickness.

Therefore, in the present invention, it is recommended to improve the feeding device for loading auxiliary starting materials, such as an atmosphere control agent, on the floor, so that it is possible to feed auxiliary starting materials using a vertical pipeline connected to the upper part of the furnace. It is preferable to implement the feeding device with the possibility of the fall of auxiliary initial materials through the pipeline under the furnace under the influence of gravity. The use of such a pipeline makes it possible to form a thin layer of an atmosphere-regulating agent on the floor, which has a uniform thickness in the direction of the width of the floor, as a result of which the problem associated with uneven loading of auxiliary starting materials in the direction of the width of the floor is eliminated. Therefore, a uniformly loaded atmosphere regulating agent can effectively prevent re-oxidation.

However, in order to exclude an adverse effect on the uniform thickness of the supply of materials on the bottom (excitation in the channel of falling materials) of the flow of gas medium in the furnace, the distance between the bottom and the outlet of the pipeline should preferably be ZOOmm or less, more preferably - 200mm or less. If the outlet of the pipeline is located very close to the floor, the flow rate of the gas medium in this part becomes very high, and it can lead to dispersion of auxiliary starting materials. Therefore, in order to reduce the flow rate of the gaseous medium, in the best case, to the speed corresponding to the output speed of the materials, it is recommended to choose a sufficient distance between the floor and the outlet of the pipeline.

Delivery of an atmosphere control agent as an auxiliary starting material using one preferred embodiment of a delivery device according to the present invention is described below with reference to

Fig. 9 to 14, which schematically illustrate an embodiment of the method. Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a portion of the atmosphere-regulating agent loaded into a furnace with a moving floor.

The feeding device 10 contains a loading hopper 11 and a loading pipeline 12, through which the agent regulating the atmosphere is supplied from the loading hopper 11 to the feeder 13, which performs the function of a means for regulating the supply. No special restrictions are imposed on the design of the feeding device 10. io)

Although the feeder 13 in Fig. 9 is shown in the form of a vibrating feeder made with the possibility of adjusting the supply of the agent regulating the atmosphere by changing the amplitude of vibrations, no special restrictions are imposed on such a vibrating feeder, and you can use, for example, a drum feeder. The supply pipe 14 as a means of supplying the agent, regulating the atmosphere, from the supply device 10 to the bottom 1 is located vertically and is connected between the feeder 13, the inlet opening 14a, and the opening in the ceiling part of the furnace. When the atmosphere-regulating agent falling through conduit 14 hits the inner wall of the He! of the pipeline 14, the atmosphere-regulating agent may stick when in contact with the inner wall, and this, therefore, may lead to an uneven supply of the atmosphere-regulating agent. For this reason, the Яз5 14 pipeline must be installed vertically, connecting to the ceiling part of the furnace, so that the agent regulating the M. atmosphere is uniformly supplied to the floor.

For uniform distribution of the atmosphere-regulating agent in the direction of the width of the floor (in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the floor), the width of the pipeline 14 is preferably equal to the width of the floor. As an option, you can use several pipelines, each of which has a certain width, and the total width of the pipelines is equal to the width of the floor. In this case, each pipeline can have an independent structure, which (7 s can be separately installed with the possibility of removal, or the pipeline 14 can be divided by dividing elements 15 provided in it, so that the agent, regulating the atmosphere, can descend, on each)" separately pipeline. Although three dividing panels 15 are shown in Fig. 10, the number of dividing panels 15 is not particularly limited and can be set depending on the width of each pipeline.

The atmosphere-regulating agent supplied to the loading hopper 11 is, if necessary, mixed with other additives, and then fed to the vibrating feeder 13 through the loading pipeline 12.

Vibrating feeder 13 feeds the agent regulating the atmosphere through the outlet hole 14a into the feed

Sh- pipeline 14, at the same time, while adjusting the feed rate. Preferably, in this case separate

Ge) pipelines 14 have corresponding inlets 14a, while each one is equipped with a vibrating feeder 13 for regulating the supply of the agent that regulates the atmosphere. In particular, in a furnace with a rotating floor, by adjusting each vibrating feeder 13 for variable supply of the agent regulating the atmosphere in the direction

Ф of the width of the floor, it is possible to form a continuous layer of the agent regulating the atmosphere, which has a uniform thickness

In addition, if the pipeline 14 is divided into several compartments in the direction of the width of the floor, it is possible to prevent the spread of the gas flow in the furnace, which passes upward along the width of the floor into the pipeline 14. Since the agent regulating the descending atmosphere has the force of inertia, its passage is not disturbed by such a flow of gas that rises into pipeline 14. Therefore, the agent regulating the atmosphere descends, mainly along

Ф) the entire width of the channel, taken for lowering under the influence of gravity, without deviation to one side of the pipeline, and therefore, the layer of the agent regulating the atmosphere as a result is continuous and does not deviate to one side in the direction of the width of the floor. 60 The feed device thus designed enables the formation of a continuous layer of atmosphere control agent of uniform thickness on the floor without the need for a granule leveler or smoothing device.

Preferably, an inert gas, such as nitrogen, is fed from the top of the conduit to attenuate the flow of gaseous medium rising into the conduit 14. A downward flow of such inert gas fed into the conduit 65 can attenuate the flow of gaseous medium rising from within the furnace. , along with reducing the barrier of the lowering channel of the atmosphere regulating agent, as a result of which a more effective formation of the atmosphere regulating agent layer having a uniform thickness is guaranteed.

Although no special restrictions are imposed on the position of the place to which the inert gas is supplied, taking into account the need to suppress the flow of the gas medium rising into the pipeline 14, it is preferable to provide at least one gas inlet 16, oriented, as shown in Fig. 11, inside the pipeline 14 In this case, it is desirable that the guide end part of the gas inlet 16 is oriented towards the bottom (vertically downward) to ensure the introduction of inert gas.

Provided that the inert gas is supplied in the amount necessary to suppress the flow of the gas medium rising into the pipeline 14, no special restrictions are imposed on the amount of inert gas supplied. The amount of inert gas supplied can be adjusted accordingly, for example, by providing the gas inlet 16 with a flow regulator (not shown).

In addition, it is desirable to provide a cooling means on the outer wall of the pipeline 14 to prevent adhesion to the inner wall of the pipeline 14 of the auxiliary, initial material, for example, an agent regulating the atmosphere, which is lowered inside the pipeline 14. There are no special restrictions on the location of the cooling means /5, for example , the pipeline can be fully or partially equipped with cooling means. However, it is desirable to provide on the lower part of the pipeline, as shown in

Fig. 12, the cooling jacket 17, since such a device allows to more effectively prevent the adhesion of the agent regulating the atmosphere to the part of the inner wall located near the ceiling of the furnace.

Adhesion or deposition of auxiliary starting materials, such as an atmosphere control agent, 2o can be more effectively prevented by coating the inner wall of the pipeline with an anti-adhesive that can prevent such auxiliary starting materials from sticking or depositing. For example, as shown in Fig. 13, it is possible to form a layer 18 of an anti-adhesive based on fluoroplastic. There are no special restrictions on the location and thickness of the anti-adhesive layer. Although the inner wall of the pipeline can be completely or partially covered with such a layer of anti-adhesive, it is preferable to form a layer of anti-adhesive on the lower part of the pipeline, which will be heated to a higher temperature.

A feed device having the above-mentioned features according to the present invention can be used to (io) load other auxiliary materials, such as the melting point adjusting additive described below, and an oxide material consisting mainly of aluminum oxide to form a primary protective layer, as well as an agent regulating the atmosphere. The form of such auxiliary material is not limited (or with powder. The auxiliary starting material can be in the form of granules of small size or crushed, with particles of a larger size than in powder. In addition, the feeding device according to the present invention can be o used to load the starting material ( for example, powdered starting material) b

One distinctive feature of the invention is that the reducing power of the gas medium increases especially at the stage of carbonization and melting, as a result of which re-oxidation of the reduced iron is prevented and the possibility of more effective carbonization and melting is ensured. In order for a number of processes, from its reduction in the solid state to the completion of carbonization, melting and coalescence, to proceed efficiently, it is desirable to regulate the temperature and gas environment in an appropriate manner at each stage.

In particular, the temperature at the stage of recovery in the solid state should preferably be maintained in the range from 1200 to 14002, in order to exclude the formation of liquid ReO in the case of recovery during melting, while the temperature at the stage of carburization, melting and coalescence should preferably be maintained in the range from 1300 to 15002C. More preferably (3 s adjust the temperature at the stage of recovery in the solid state so that it is lower than the temperature at the stage of carburization, melting and coalescence in the range of 50 to 20020. )" As for the regulation of the gas environment at the stage of recovery in the solid state, then it is not needed, since the gas medium is kept highly reducing due to the large amount of gas

CO, which is formed during the combustion of carbon material contained at this stage in the formed initial material. However, at the stage of carburization, melting and coalescence and after it, the appropriate regulation -1 of the gas environment in the furnace is decisive, since the amount of CO gas formed from the formed starting material is significantly reduced, and there is a possibility of re-oxidation by the oxidizing gas that is formed when the burners are burning. 50 The temperature and composition of the gas medium must be adjusted according to each ongoing stage of the reduction melting process, while it is desirable that the reduction melting furnace has a structure divided into two or 4) more compartments with partition walls installed in the direction of movement of the bottom, as described above with reference to Fig. 1-3. The compartment on the upstream side of the process and the compartment on the downstream side of the process are used, respectively, as a compartment for recovery in the solid state and a compartment for carburization, melting and coalescence to ensure the possibility of regulating the temperature and composition of the gas medium in each compartment independently of the other compartment. Although Fig. 3 shows, for example, a furnace divided in order to ensure the most accurate regulation of temperature and composition into four compartments by three partition walls, if desired, the number of compartments can be changed depending on the size or design of the equipment used for regenerative melting. 60 Metallic iron obtained by the method described above can preferably be used in existing steelmaking equipment, such as an electric furnace or converter, and used as a source of iron that contains carbon. In order to use such metallic iron as a starting material for the production of steel, it is desirable to reduce the sulfur content as much as possible (5). In an attempt to obtain metallic iron having a low content of 5, the applicant carried out additional research aimed at reducing the content of b5 C in the process of obtaining metallic iron, which was in the iron ore or in the carbonaceous material.

As a result, it was found that the content of 5 in the final iron can be reduced to 0.1095 or lower,

more preferably to about 0.0595 or below, by purposefully adding a source of CaO (including quicklime, slaked lime, calcium carbonate, etc.) to the starting material in the formation of the formed starting material containing iron ore and carbon material, in such an amount that the number of basicity (ratio Sab/5iO") of the sum of all slag-forming components in the form of components of empty rock has approximately a small value in the range from 0.6 to 1.8, more preferably - from 0.9 to 1, 5.

The coke or coal most commonly used as the reducing agent containing carbon usually contains from about 0.2 to 1.095 sulfur, and most often this sulfur will be incorporated into the metallic iron. In the event that such basicity adjustment by purposeful addition of a CaC source is not carried out, the 7/0 basicity calculated on the basis of the slag-forming components contained in the molded starting material is usually 0.3 or less, although the basicity varies with type or grade of iron ore or a similar factor. In the case of a slag with such a low basicity number, incorporation of 5 (sulfurization) into metallic iron at the stage of reduction in the solid state or at the subsequent stage of carburization, melting and coalescence is inevitable, and approximately 85956 of the total content of C in the molded /5 starting material is incorporated into metallic iron. This results in the final metallic iron having a 5 content of 0.1 to 0.295, which is very high, so the iron as a finished product is of poor quality.

However, it was found that if the basicity number of the slag-forming component is changed to a value in the range from 0.6 to 1.8, as described above, by the deliberate addition of a Ca source during the formation of the molded starting material, then at the stage of recovery in the solid state and at the stage of carburization , melting and coalescence, 5 is fixed in the slag as a by-product, as a result of which the content of 5 in the resulting metallic iron can be significantly reduced.

Apparently, the mechanism of reducing the content of C is that the sulfur contained in the molded starting material reacts with CaO to form Sab5 (CaO5-Sab), and this compound is fixed in the slag. In the field of technology to which the invention relates, the conditions under which the reduction smelting mechanism according to the present invention operates have not been clarified, and it is believed that in the process of reduction smelting it is not necessary to wait for the removal of sulfur when adding CaO, as in the usual process liquid metal desulfurization. However, according to the researches of the applicant of the present invention Cao, io) contained in the slag captures and fixes 5 in the process of melting and coalescence of the reduced iron, and the possibility of separation of the slag is ensured by carbonization by the residual carbon retained in the reduced iron after the recovery in the solid state is completed, as a result of which the content (Z of Z in the metallic iron that comes out is significantly reduced.

The applicant of this application believes that this mechanism of reducing the content of C in metallic iron differs from and typical desulfurization of liquid metal using slag containing Sas, but is a characteristic of the reaction in He! the case when the method according to the invention is used in practice. Of course, if sufficient contact is guaranteed between liquid iron and liquid slag as a by-product during heating after carburization and melting of reduced iron, then it can be assumed that the ratio of the content of З in the slag (595) to the content of З in M metallic iron |590) , that is, the distribution coefficient, is determined by the reaction between liquids, (liquid iron)-(liquid slag). However, in this invention, the contact area of the slag with the metal is very small, which is confirmed by the photograph in Fig. 14, and therefore, one cannot expect a very large effect of reducing the content of 5 in the metallic iron resulting from the slag-iron equilibrium reaction that occurs after the completion "carburization, melting and coalescence of reduced iron. Therefore, the desulphurization mechanism is considered, which is based according to this invention on the purposeful addition of CaO to the formed starting material, which includes the ability of CaO to capture reaction 5, which occurs in the process when carburization, melting and coalescence of reduced iron and separation of slag occur, and at the same time the protective action preventing the sulfurization of metallic iron is the result of the capture reaction 5.

Although the amount of CaO added to change the basicity number must be determined depending on the quantity and composition of the waste rock component contained in the iron ore or similar material, the type and amount of carbonaceous material that is admixed, and similar factors, a typical amount of CaO in terms of sh is the content of pure Sas, which is added to change the basicity number of all slag-forming components to the value that

Ge) is in the range from 0.6 to 1.8, is in the range from 2.0 to 7.095, more preferably - from 3.0 to 5.095 in terms of the total amount of formed starting material. In the case of using slaked lime (Ca(OnH)), calcium carbonate (CaCO»z), etc. the amount of such material must be consistent with the specified amount

Ф is higher in quantity in terms of pure CaO content. It has been confirmed that when changing the basicity number of the slag-forming component in the range from approximately 0.9 to 1.1 by adding CaCO»z, for example in the amount of 495, to the molded starting material, an imaginary desulphurization coefficient in the range from 45 to 50905 is guaranteed, and two at changing the basicity number of the slag-forming component in the range, approximately, from 1.2 to 1.5 by adding

Saso", in the amount of approximately 69 to the molded starting material, an imaginary coefficient can be guaranteed

F; desulphurization in the range from 70 to 8095. The imaginary coefficient of desulphurization is determined by the following formula: the imaginary ka coefficient of desulphurization (95) is equal to the result of dividing the content of З (90) in metallic iron obtained from the formed initial material mixed with CaO by the content of З multiplied by 10095 (956) in metallic iron, because it was obtained from the formed initial material without the addition of Sas.

The beneficial effect of reducing the content of 5, which occurs due to the addition of CaO, is described below with the involvement of experimental data obtained when using a chamber electric furnace. Fig. 15 shows the change in the content of 5 during the experiment, in which the formed starting material was prepared by mixing iron ore, carbonaceous material, a small amount of binder (bentonite or similar), while using the appropriate amount of Sas and performing reduction melting method according to the invention.

From the bar chart for the dry molded starting material shown in Fig. 15, it can be seen that the content

C in the molded starting material prior to remelting is assumed to be 10095, with approximately 8995 of sulfur contributed by the carbonaceous material and approximately 1195 contributed by the iron ore.

After the formed starting material was subjected to reduction smelting according to the method of the present invention, until the completion of the solid state reduction described above with reference to Fig. 4, sulfur remained in the reduced iron in an amount of approximately 8595, and sulfur in an amount of approximately, 1295 was evaporated from the furnace during reduction to the solid state. When using a molded starting material not mixed with any source of CaC (the basicity number determined on the basis of the composition of the slag-forming component contained in the molded starting material was 0.165), it was found that 74.895 70 sulfur was incorporated into the final product metallic iron, and sulfur in the amount of 10.295 was captured by the slag.

In contrast, when using a molded starting material with an admixed source of Sas in the amount of 4.590 to change the basicity number of the slag-forming component to 1.15, the amount of 5 included in the metallic iron decreased to 43.295, and the amount of 5 captured by the slag increased to 48.8905 , while the amount of 5 evaporated from the furnace during the recycling process was reduced to approximately 895. When using 7/5 of the formed feedstock mixed with a CaO source of 5.096 to change the basicity number of the slag-forming component to 1.35, the amount of 5 , incorporated into the metallic iron, decreased to 19.795, and the amount of 5 trapped in the slag increased to 78.8906, while the amount of 5 evaporated from the furnace during the refining process decreased to about 1.590.

When, as a result of conducting the main experiment using a chamber electric furnace, it was established that adjusting the basicity number by adding a source of CaO is very effective in reducing the content of C in metallic iron, then a similar experiment was conducted using a demonstration furnace to study the numerical influence of basicity on the effect of reducing the content 5 in metallic iron when the basicity number was varied to varying degrees by varying the amount of Ca source added. The results are shown in

Fig. 16. with

Fig. 1b6 graphically shows the dependence between the final basicity number of the slag and the content of 5 in metallic iron, which is obtained by changing the amount of the CaO source that is added, while each point corresponds to the obtained value. Fig. 16 also shows the results of the main experiment using the above-mentioned chamber electric furnace in the form of a transitional section. Since the main experiment used an electric heating system in which inert gas was used as the gas medium, the oxidizing potential of the furnace atmosphere was low, which was undoubtedly beneficial for desulfurization. On the other hand, in the case where the burner combustion was used for heating in the demonstration furnace, the reducing power of gas o in the furnace atmosphere was lower than in the main experiment, due to the waste gas formed at He! combustion, and the content of 5 in metallic iron was higher than in the main experiment. However, the nature of the results obtained in this case, mainly and to a large extent, repeated the nature of the results of the main -

Step 5 of the experiment. As shown, the content of C in the metallic iron in region (A), which corresponds to the case where no Ca source was added at all, is approximately 0.12090, while the content of 5 in the metallic iron in region (B), which corresponds to the case , when the basicity number was adjusted to a value of approximately 1.0, decreases to 0.050-0.080905, and the apparent desulphurization factor is approximately 33-5995. With a further increase in the basicity number to 1.5, it was found that, as shown in region (C), the content of C in metallic iron decreases by 40. TO 0.050965. It should be noted that if the Ca source is added until the basicity number is 1.8 or higher, the operating temperature will rise excessively due to the increased melting point of the slag that is formed. Such a situation is undesirable, since it accelerates the destruction of the furnace, along with the unsparing consumption of fuel, and in addition, the ability of reduced iron to coalesce deteriorates, as a result of which

OUTPUT is metallic iron with finer granules, which has a lower commercial value. -And As can be seen from these experiments, when a source is deliberately added to the formed initial material

Sas in the appropriate amount to increase the basicity number of the slag-forming component to about 0.6 or higher, the ability to capture C in the resulting slag increases significantly, as a result of which the amount of 5 included in metallic iron is significantly reduced, which leads to the production of metallic iron , which has a reduced content of 5. In addition, as described with reference to Fig. 15, the amount of 5 released from the furnace in the form of ZOX and or similar compounds is significantly reduced, and therefore the atmospheric impurities due to such exhaust gas,

Ф can be reduced, and the desulfurization regime that is introduced if such waste gas is desulfurized can be eased.

In the case where Ca source is added to reduce the 5 content of metallic iron, the melting point of the by-product slag can be lowered by adding a certain amount of Ca source, and therefore impregnation of low melting point slag is likely. can cause

F; erosion or abrasion of refractory floor materials. However, in the practical application of this invention, the undesirable impregnation of such a by-product in the form of slag can be reduced if the principle of two-stage heating is used, according to which the temperature conditions of the stage of reduction in the solid state and the stage of carburization, melting and coalescence are set within the prevailing limits, respectively, from 1200 to 140090 and from 1350 to 15002C to enable the solid state reduction to proceed satisfactorily at a lower temperature than the melting point of the slag by-product, and then to enable the recovery of the partially remaining Geo and, as described above, the carburization process to proceed, melting and coalescence of reduced iron. 65 Therefore, the use of this invention allows to obtain granular metallic iron having a very high degree of purity Re, without re-oxidation of the reduced iron by adjusting the reducing power of the gas medium to 0.5 or higher, preferably to 0.6 or higher, more preferably to 0 ,7 or higher, especially at the stage of carburization and melting in the production of metallic iron, when the formed starting material containing iron ore and carbonaceous material is subjected to reduction in the solid state, and then carburization, melting and coalescence are carried out. In addition, the use of this invention allows you to reduce the content of C in such metallic iron by purposefully adding CaO to the formed starting material to adjust the number of basicity of the slag-forming component. After solidification by cooling and then separation from the solidified slag, the granular metallic iron obtained in this way can be used as a starting material for melting in various iron and steel smelting furnaces. 70 In the present invention, the metallic iron released from the reduction smelter is cooled to a temperature below the melting point, but still kept at a high temperature set in the range of 800 to 12002C. Further cooling of metallic iron to normal temperature before feeding into the steelmaking furnace leads to loss of thermal energy. Therefore, in order to reduce heat losses, it is highly advisable to create an integrated iron and steelmaking production line, in which it is provided to feed such 75 high-temperature metallic iron into the steelmaking furnace, in order to effectively use the potential heat of metallic iron, or it is provided to return to melting by additional heating.

Of course, the following technologies are known: saving electricity consumed by an electric furnace and increasing productivity by feeding high-temperature recovered iron, obtained by means of a known process of producing recovered iron, into a nearby steel-melting furnace without cooling; iron smelting and steelmaking process (publication of International Application Mo99/11826), in which liquid iron is obtained by producing high-temperature reduced iron in a furnace for the production of reduced iron using a carbonaceous material based on coal and such reduced iron is immediately fed into the smelting furnace; and similar technologies. These known technologies differ from the integrated production process proposed in the present invention in that, according to them, so-called "reduced iron" is obtained, which Ge contains a significant amount of slag formed from ash and waste rock components, iron oxide resulting from re-oxidation at the last stage of reduction, and a large amount of 5, which is optional, if the reduced iron was obtained using a coal-based reducing agent. In contrast, the integrated production process according to the invention allows obtaining and using metallic iron completely separated from slag components by carburization, melting and coalescence. (se)

Since the desulphurization regime in the refining furnace in the integrated production process using metallic iron having a reduced content of 5 is particularly facilitated, it is possible to create a production system that will be very useful and practical as an integrated iron and steel production system in which Ge» ) recovery smelting of the iron source and refining during smelting are carried out.

Fig. 17 shows an example of an integrated production system. In Fig. 17, process A is a steel production process, in which slag-free metallic iron obtained in a reduction smelting furnace is cooled to normal temperature, and then fed into a steel smelting furnace in the appropriate amount as a starting material for steel production. for example, in an electric oven; process B is used to supply metallic iron in a high-temperature state (from 800 to 120022) to a steel-smelting furnace, for example, to an electric furnace "located next to a reductive melting furnace, as a result of which the amount of electricity required for heating is reduced; and process C is used to feed all the high-temperature metallic iron obtained in the reducing smelting furnace into the adjacent melting furnace, designed for thermal melting of metallic iron, and after that, the liquid iron is fed into the steel melting furnace. Since the metallic iron obtained in accordance with the present invention is free from slag, has a high degree of purity and optionally has a low content of 5, if the metallic iron has been obtained by adjusting the basicity number to reduce the content of 5, and the integrated production system made with the possibility of using such metallic iron as a starting material for -i steel production, it makes it possible to obtain liquid steel of stable quality with high productivity -1 and to reduce the electricity consumed by an electric furnace or a similar furnace, or to facilitate the desulphurization regime.

In the metallic iron production process discussed above, a molded starting material containing (se) iron oxide as an iron source and a reducing agent containing carbon designed to reduce the iron oxide content is heated on a moving bed to subject the iron oxide to solid state reduction , after which carbonization, melting and coalescence of the obtained reduced iron are carried out to form 4) granular metallic iron, which is then removed from the furnace after cooling; at the same time, fluctuations in working conditions can cause impregnation of liquid slag, and such liquid slag is largely the cause of erosion or abrasion of refractory materials under. In particular, when such a liquid slag contains unreduced liquid Reo, the intensity of such erosion or abrasion increases due to penetration and corrosion, which significantly shortens the service life of the refractory materials of the floor.

Taking into account the above, this invention proposes a method, the use of which reduces to a minimum such erosion or abrasion of refractory materials of the floor and, at the same time, provides the possibility of involuntary sealing of damaged sections of refractory materials of the floor during the operation of the furnace in the event that, if such damage is caused, in therefore, it becomes possible to significantly extend the durability of the refractory materials of the floor and increase the duration of continuous operation of the furnace.

The present invention is distinguished by the fact that when obtaining metallic iron during the above-mentioned reduction smelting process, a precipitated layer containing slag is formed on the refractory materials of the floor, which protects them.

Figure 18 shows schematic cross-sections illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown at 65, the primary protective layer 28 containing an oxide material consisting primarily of aluminum oxide (or containing a mixture of ores having a composition similar to that of the slag produced as a by-product during the reduction smelting process, or reversible slag) are created in advance on refractory materials 27 of the reduction melting furnace with a moving floor, while this is done before the start of the production process, and then pieces of the molded initial material c are fed to the rotating floor (see Fig. 18A).

As described with reference to FIG. 1 through 3, the formed parent material is exposed to heat generated by the burners and radiant heat as it passes through the remelting zone 714, causing the iron oxide in the formed parent material to be converted to reduced iron during solid state reduction, and then reduced the iron is further heated to cause carbonization, which lowers the melting point of the reduced iron, resulting in liquid iron. The metallic iron thus obtained 7/0 coalesces and turns into granular metallic iron Ge, separated from the by-product in the form of slag Zd and having grains of relatively large size. The slag Zd also collects together and, therefore, metallic iron and slag 59 are separated from each other (see Fig. 198).

Granular metallic iron Re and slag 5d are cooled in an upstream location in the immediate vicinity of the unloading means mentioned above, and then moved to location 7/5 Locating unloading means, with which, in turn, the solidified granular metallic iron is scooped out Re and slag 59 from the soil surface. This process is not shown in the drawing.

Liquid slag, which is formed as a byproduct during the reduction smelting process, combines with the primary protective layer 28, forming a slag deposited layer T. Since during the smelting and hardening process, metallic iron Re 5 with small granules is formed in significant quantities (depending from the circumstances, hereinafter called "granular iron"), which have not yet coalesced and grown sufficiently, and Zd5 slag with a high melting point, then such granular iron Be5 and Zd5 slag pass through the space between the unloading device b and the surface of the slag deposited layer T and remain on the surface of the slag deposited layer T or are partially caught between them and, therefore, strongly deepen into the deposited layer T (see Fig. 18C). high school

If continuous production is carried out in this state, the granular iron Re or similar to it, which remained on the surface or which has sunk into the surface of the slag deposited layer T, gradually precipitates and builds up and io) can therefore become such that it cannot be extracted.

According to the present invention, such inconvenience, caused by the deposition of granular iron Re and the like, is eliminated by scraping the granular iron Re 5 and the like together with part or all of Ge from the deposited layer T at a time when the amount of granular iron Re5 and the like, deposited on and deepened into the deposited layer T, reaches a certain level. Therefore, the surface of the deposited layer T on the floor is smoothed, which is shown in Fig. 180), resulting in a smooth protective layer containing primary Ge! protective layer 28, formed at the initial stage of production, and a thin deposited layer T covering it. -

When the production process continues under this condition, and the slag deposited layer T again builds up to a certain level due to deposition and sticking, the deposited layer T (or the deposited layer T and part of the protective layer 28) is removed periodically or continuously together with granular iron Re or the like him. When carrying out such an operation, which is repeated with appropriate breaks, the upper side of the initially formed primary protective layer 28 is gradually replaced by a slag deposited layer T, and eventually, a large part of the primary protective layer 28 is replaced by a slag deposited layer T, resulting in a state that shown in Fig. 18E. In this condition, the floor surface becomes stable. At the same time, a part of the primary protective layer 28 remains on the surfaces of the refractory materials 27 for a significant period of time, counting from the time of receipt, or a small part of the primary protective layer 28 can remain on the surface of the refractory materials 27 all the time, subject to certain conditions for removing the slag deposited layer T .

When the process continues under this condition, only the surface side of the deposited layer T is constantly replaced by slag, which is formed as a by-product in the reduction smelting process, and as a result, the bottom surface is always kept smooth without any damage to the refractory materials 27 of the bottom. The thickness of the slag deposited layer T can be simply adjusted by vertically moving the means for removing the deposited layer (which may also function as the unloading device 6 or may be independent of it) to change the gap between the removing means and the floor surface. More specifically, at the initial interval of the production process, adjustments are made in such a way that the deposited layer T

Ф gradually became thicker as the blade of the removal device was gradually moved up to widen the gap between the blade and the surface of the deposited layer T, and when the amount of granular iron Pe5 and similar, adhered and deposited on the deposited layer T, increased, then if necessary, the deposited layer T can be removed to a certain thickness or adjusted by moving the blade of the removal device down to a position corresponding to the depth to which the deposited layer T is to be removed. With such periodic or continuous

F; by moving the blade, which is repeated up and down with appropriate breaks, the surface of the deposited layer can always be kept smooth, preventing excessive deposition of granular iron Re" on and into the deposited layer T.

Figure 19 schematically shows such operations. More specifically, Fig. 19A shows an operation that allows increasing the thickness of the deposited layer T by gradually moving the blade of the unloading device b upwards, while Fig. 198 shows an operation to remove part of the deposited layer T together with granular iron

Ee5 by moving the blade of the unloading device 6 down to a position corresponding to the depth to which the deposited layer T must be removed, when the amount of deposited granular iron Re and the like stored on the deposited layer T and deepened into it increases to a certain level. 65 Although the above description refers to the case where the thickness of the deposited layer T can gradually increase with the gradual upward movement of the blade of the unloading device 6, and at the same time, when the adhesion or deposition of granular iron Pe" increases to a certain extent, the surface part of the deposited layer T is removed to the required depth by moving the blade of the unloading device b down to a position corresponding to the depth to which the deposited layer T must be removed during its passage, but another procedure is possible, for example the following: the level of the deposited layer at which the furnace operates is set in advance at the initial stage of the process receiving; the scraper blade of the unloading device 6 is set in a position corresponding to a predetermined level of the deposited layer to ensure the possibility of depositing the primary protective layer 28 to this level; and when the introduction into the primary protective layer 28 and its corrosion and the deposition of granular iron have reached a certain extent, the scraper blade is lowered on the withdrawal device to remove the 7/0 surface portion of the deposited layer T.

As described above, the means for removing the deposited slag layer can also function as a discharge means for the obtained metallic iron Re or can be a separate device. There are no particular restrictions on the particular mechanism or design of the stripper, and any type of stripper can be used, such as auger or scraper, as long as the stripper has the added function of effectively removing part or all of the deposited layer T to make the protective layer smooth. In addition, there are no particular restrictions imposed on a particular means for vertical movement of the blade of the removal means, and any known means for vertical movement can be selected for use as desired.

According to this invention, the surfaces of the refractory materials of the floor are permanently protected by a primary protective layer 28 formed at the initial stage of the production process and a deposited layer T formed by the deposition of slag obtained as a by-product during the subsequent production processes, and granular iron adhering to the surface soil or deposited on it is periodically or constantly extracted from the surface of the soil when removing the surface part of the deposited layer T. Therefore, interruptions or complications in work caused by excessive deposition of granular iron do not occur. with

Even if the surface of the slag deposited layer T is slightly damaged, such a damaged area is involuntarily laid down by the deposition of slag obtained as a by-product during the operation of the furnace, and therefore (io) the floor surface can be kept smooth almost continuously until unexpected damage occurs. Fig. 20 shows a schematic cross-sectional view that illustrates the process of involuntary laying in the case when a notch appears in the surface of the slag deposited layer T. When a notch 0 (o z o (see Fig. 20A) is formed in the surface of the deposited layer T, the slag Zu as a by-product together with granular iron Re 5 and similar substances formed during the reduction smelting process in the next production cycle are deposited in the notch О ( see Fr

Fig. 20B), and the surface area of the deposited layer T, containing slag Z and granular Geye iron, moves to the lower side during the process, as a result of which the bottom surface becomes smoothed (see Fig. 20C). As an option, a mixture

O ore (or recycled slag), the composition of which is adjusted to be essentially the same as the composition of the slag as a by-product, can be introduced into the recess O to obtain a deposit similar to that shown in FIG. from 21A to i-216.

In order to constantly maintain the surface of the floor smooth by the involuntary laying characteristic of such slag as a by-product, it is desirable to carry out regulation aimed at maintaining the thickness of the deposited slag layer T within the required limits, preferably within the range from a few millimeters to tens of millimeters. "

As the material forming the primary protective layer 28, it is most preferable to use an oxide material consisting mainly of aluminum oxide, which has a high resistance to erosion or abrasion caused by typical liquid slag. However, since the method according to the invention uses the precipitation of slag, which is formed as a by-product during the production process, it is possible to use a mineral substance having a composition similar to the composition of such slag as a by-product or recycled slag. Since the deposited layer T will be formed on the surfaces of the refractory floor materials gradually, starting from the initial stage of the production process -I, a sufficient effect of protecting the refractory floor materials can be obtained by forming the primary protective layer 28 of the minimum thickness necessary to protect the refractory floor materials at the initial

Ш- stage and ensuring the possibility of subsequent deposition of slag on it as a by-product. Although primary

Ge) the protective layer 28 formed at the initial stage of the production process is likely to be replaced, preferably, by a completely deposited layer T of slag as a by-product, especially with long continuous production, but the sufficient effect of protecting the refractory materials of the floor will still be revealed.

Ф There are no special restrictions imposed on the particle size of the material forming the primary protective layer.

However, a material with small particles is preferred, preferably in powder form, as gaps will form between the larger solid components of the material through which any liquid material is likely to flow and come into contact with the refractory. Therefore, the preferred size of the material particles is 4 mm or less, more preferably - 2 mm or less.

F; Preferably, the material forming the primary protective layer is loaded onto the floor using a feed device for loading auxiliary starting materials according to the present invention, since the use of the feed device makes it possible to form a primary protective layer that has a uniform thickness in the direction of the width of the floor and is continuous in the direction of movement of the floor.

In the case where the melting temperature of the surface part of the slag deposit layer T, which is gradually replaced, as described above, by liquid or thick slag as a by-product of the reduction smelting process, is very low, the resulting granular metallic iron having a high specific gravity , sinks into the deposited layer T and is therefore difficult to extract. For this reason, the degree of hardness of the deposited layer T is preferably maintained at 65 so that the granular metallic iron cannot sink into the deposited layer T. To this end, the composition of the slag-forming component included in the molded starting material can be adjusted during the preparation of the molded starting material so that the slag formed as a by-product had the required melting point. However, when the melting temperature of the by-product slag is very high, the metallic iron resulting from solid reduction becomes difficult to separate from the by-product slag in the smelting separation step. To a great extent, this reduces the purity of metallic iron as the main product.

In an effort to solve this problem, research was carried out to limit as much as possible the immersion of metallic iron in the deposited layer by increasing the melting temperature of the slag deposited layer T, which is replaced while keeping the melting temperature of the by-product slag /o0 relatively low. As a result, the effectiveness of adding to the surface part of the slag deposited layer T an additive regulating the melting temperature, designed to increase the melting temperature of the sediment, was revealed. More specifically, when such a melting temperature-adjusting additive is periodically or continuously added to the surface of the deposited layer T at a desired location, the melting point of the deposited layer T is increased even if the slag as a by-product has a low melting point, and /5 therefore the deposited layer T becomes harder, as a result of which, as far as possible, the immersion of granular metallic iron in the deposited layer is prevented.

Although the type of additive used to control the melting point varies depending on the composition of the slag as a by-product, examples of preferred additives to control the melting point include an oxide material containing aluminum oxide and an oxide material containing magnesium oxide. Such preferred additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more additives.

Such an additive, which regulates the melting point, can be used in an appropriate amount, which depends on the composition of the slag as a by-product, in any place without limitation. Usually, the additive, which regulates the melting temperature, is periodically or continuously loaded onto the slag deposited layer T in a place adjacent to the place of loading of the molded starting material, or in a corresponding place in the zone of reductive melting. Although no limitations are imposed on the method of loading the additive, it is preferred to use a feeder to load the auxiliary starting materials according to the present invention. io)

In addition, with the same result as above, a cooling method is effective in which the slag deposited layer T is cooled from the bottom side of the bed with a cooling jacket or by spraying a cooling gas to cause the deposited layer T to solidify. to such a degree of hardness, at which the immersion of metallic iron in the deposited layer T is prevented. Such cooling from the lower side of the floor is used to promote the consolidation of the deposited layer T, since and, with the help of this method of cooling, it is possible to weaken the inhibition of the thermal reduction of iron oxide, у/(3у caused by cooling Since, as described earlier, the iron oxide is heated and reduced by the heat produced by the burning of the burner mounted on the surface of the reduction furnace wall, and it-

35 radiant heat entering the bottom from above, there is no danger that the effectiveness of the recovery melting will be significantly impaired, even if the slag deposited layer T on the surface of the bottom is forcibly cooled from the bottom side of the bottom during the recovery process.

As described above, the removal of the excess slag deposited layer T is carried out with the help of an unloading device, which is also used as the unloading device of the granular « 70 metallic iron obtained as a product, or with the help of a removal agent designed to remove 7-3 s such excess slag deposited layer When reducing the load applied to such a unloading means or to a means of removal, and creating as a result of removal as smooth a surface as possible, it is desirable to adjust the temperature in such a way that the slag deposited layer during removal with a scraper is in a state of coexistence of a solid body and a liquid, as ice cream. The way to implement such temperature regulation is, for example, cooling from the bottom side of the floor with the help of a cooling jacket or by spraying cooling gas.

Since the slag scraped from the slag deposited layer contains a significant amount of granular iron as well as a slag component, and such granular iron has a high degree of purity, it is desirable to collect such granular iron together with the metallic iron product by separating the granular iron from 5p of slag residue scraped off using any suitable means, such as a magnetic separator. o In yet another mode of the present invention, it is effective that the atmosphere-regulating agent a little at a time

F is distributed over the protective layer 28 or over the slag deposited layer T before loading the initial molded material. To promote the reduction in the solid state by heating and at the same time to prevent re-oxidation of the reduced iron by oxidizing gases (including CO" and H2O) resulting from the combustion necessary for heating, it is effective to increase the reducing potential of the atmosphere in the furnace, especially the gaseous environment near the formed starting material. By distributing iF, a temperature-regulating agent, over the surface of the floor, as above, the reduction potential of the atmosphere in the furnace is kept high, thereby promoting effective reduction smelting and preventing re-oxidation of the reduced iron. In addition, the atmosphere control agent also weakens the adhesion of metallic iron to the slag deposited layer T and therefore facilitates the removal of granular metallic iron from the bottom surface, making it possible to draw it evenly.

In Fig. 22A through 22E are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating how remelting occurs and how involuntary deposition of the pod is achieved when a temperature-regulating agent is distributed throughout the pod. This case is not significantly different from the case shown in Fig. 18A to 18E, according to 65 Except that the layer C, the agent regulating the atmosphere, is formed on the slag deposited layer T, and the formed starting material 0 is placed on it.

23A and 238 are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating how the floor is laid in the case where the agent Si, regulating the atmosphere, is distributed over the floor. This process goes like this.

First, the agent Cr, regulating the atmosphere, is distributed over the slag deposited layer T, and then the molded starting material C is loaded on the layer of the agent, regulating the atmosphere, which is followed by remelting of the molded starting material (see Fig. 23A). When the amount of granular iron RGe5 or the like deposited in or on the slag deposited layer T and the thickness of the atmospheric control agent C layer increases to a certain extent, as shown in Fig. 23B, the blade is lowered to remove the surface part of the slag deposited layer T , carrying the accumulated granular iron Re5 together with the agent Si, regulating the atmosphere, thereby 7/0 smoothing the slag deposited layer T in the horizontal direction. Later, but before the starting material loading position is reached during rotation, the atmosphere regulating agent C | is again loaded from the feeding device 9 of the auxiliary starting material to a predetermined thickness, and then the molded starting material 5 is again loaded. In this way, it is possible to realize continuous receiving. When loading or feeding the atmosphere regulating agent, it is recommended to use /5 The feeding device indicated above.

Although there is no particular limitation on the thickness of layer C, the distributable agent, regulating the atmosphere, a very small thickness is sufficient to effectively increase the reduction potential of the gas medium located near the formed starting material, or to facilitate the removal of granular metallic iron from the surface of the floor. Typically, this requirement is met by a layer of C, an atmospheric control agent, having a thickness of approximately 1 to 1 ohm or less. As a practically simple and effective method, it is recommended that an appropriate amount of the above melting temperature regulating additive be mixed with the atmosphere regulating agent Si to obtain the effect of increasing the melting temperature of the slag deposited layer T in combination with the above effects provided by the atmosphere regulating agent Cp. high school

Examples

Below, the present invention is described in more detail with the help of examples in terms of its structure and advantages. io)

It goes without saying that in practice the present invention is not limited to the following examples and can be applied with changes or modifications to these examples, if such changes and modifications are within the scope of this description of the invention. Of course, such changes or modifications are within the scope of the technical essence of this invention. Example 1

The formed starting material, which has a diameter of approximately 19 mm, was prepared by uniform mixing of hematite iron ore as a source of iron, coal and a small amount of binding agent Ge! (bentonite), this formed starting material was used to obtain metallic iron. More specifically, the molded starting material was loaded into a reductive melting furnace with a rotating bed, -

Zv is shown in Fig. from 1 to 3, and the temperature of the atmosphere in the furnace was set at about 13502 to ensure that the solid state reduction could proceed until the metallization ratio reached about 9095. After this solid state reduction, the molded starting material was moved to the carburizing zone, melting and coalescence, in which the temperature of the atmosphere was set at 14402C to cause "carburization, melting and coalescence of iron and to separate the slag as a by-product, as a result of which 470 obtained metallic iron free from slag. - c In this case, a layer of granular coal, having particles with a diameter of 2 mm or less, used as an atmosphere regulating agent, with a thickness of about 5 mm was previously formed on the floor before loading and" molded material, so that the regenerative capacity of the gas medium at the stage of carbonization, melting and coalescence assumed an approximate value in the range from 0.60 to 0.75. Fig. 24 shows the formulation of the initial material, the composition of the recovered iron after completion of recovery in the solid state, the composition of the finally obtained metallic iron, the composition of slag and similar materials obtained in this production process. -1 The metallic iron, preferably completely separated from the slag during melting and united into a whole, was moved to the cooling zone and cooled to 1002C for approval with subsequent extraction of the metallic iron, (se) hardened in this way, with the help of a unloading agent. The analysis of metallic iron obtained in this way, slag as a by-product and the rest of the carbonaceous material was carried out in terms of yield coefficient and compositions. By the way, according to the analysis of the composition of samples of reduced iron taken from the reduction smelting 4) furnace immediately before the stage of carburization and melting, the recovery factor was approximately 9095, and the amount of residual carbon was 4.5895. The time interval from the loading of the formed starting material into the furnace until the removal of the metallic iron from the furnace was about 10 minutes, that is, very short, and the resulting metallic iron contained C in the amount of 2.88906, Z in the amount of 0.2595, and Z in the amount of 0. 1795. Therefore, it was possible to separate the finally obtained iron from the slag as a by-product. The appearance of the finally obtained metallic iron is shown in Fig. 25 (in the photo). name) Example 2

The molded starting material, having a diameter of approximately 19 mm, was prepared by uniformly mixing 60 magnetite iron ore as a source of iron, coal, a small amount of binder (bentonite) and CaSoO" in the amount of 595 to adjust the basicity number and granulation of the mixture.

Molded starting material was loaded on the bottom, over which a layer of granulated coal (with an average particle diameter of about Zmm) was distributed as an atmosphere regulating agent, and the temperature of the atmosphere in the furnace was maintained at approximately 13502C, as in example 1, to ensure the possibility of reduction in the bo in the solid state until the metallization ratio reached about 10095. After this solid state reduction, the molded starting material was transferred to a melting zone in which an atmospheric temperature of 14252 was set to cause carburization, melting and coalescence of the iron and to separate the slag as a by-product, resulting in slag-free metallic iron was obtained. Fig. 26 shows the formulation of the starting material, the composition of recovered iron after completion of recovery in the solid state, the composition of the finally obtained metallic iron, the composition of slag and similar materials that are obtained in this production process.

The metallic iron, preferably completely separated from the slag during melting and coalescence, was moved to the cooling zone and cooled to 1002С for approval, followed by extraction of the metallic iron, hardened in this way, with the help of unloading means. The analysis of metallic iron, 70 obtained in this way, slag as a by-product and residual carbonaceous material was carried out in relation to the yield coefficient and the corresponding compositions. Incidentally, according to the analysis of the composition of a sample of reduced iron taken from the reduction furnace immediately before the stage of carburization and melting, the metallization ratio was approximately 92.395, and the amount of residual carbon was 3.9795. The time interval from loading the formed starting material into the furnace to removing the metallic iron from the furnace was about 8 minutes, that is, very short, and the resulting metallic iron contained C in the amount of 2.1095, Bi in the amount of 0.09965 and 5 in the amount of 0 ,06595. Since in this experiment the source of CaO was added to the formed starting material to reduce the content of 5 in the resulting metallic iron, the effect of increased reduction of the content of C was observed in comparison with example 1.

Although there was concern about liquid slag impregnation during the latter half of the solid recovery stage, as the melting point of the by-product slag was lowered by the addition of the source

Sao, but there was no problem of erosion or abrasion of the refractories of the bottom, because the two-stage heating principle was used, according to which the temperature of the solid state reduction stage was set in the range of 1200 to 14002 to obtain a reduced iron having a higher metallization ratio at the stage of reduction in the solid state, and then the temperature was raised to a value in Ge ranging from 1350 to 15009C, and since powdered coal was distributed over the surface of the soil as an agent, (5) regulating the atmosphere.

Upon careful examination under a microscope of samples of reduced iron taken at the end of the stage of recovery in the solid state, it was established that a high concentration of Re-(Mp)-5 is observed on the surface of samples of reduced iron from example 1, where the CaO source was not added, and this group Re-("Mp)-5 was then incorporated into the reduced iron at the stage of carburization and melting, while in example 2, where the Sas source was added, a large part of So 5 reacted with the Sai source and was bound by it at the end of the reduction stage in the solid state, as a result of which the introduction of 5 into liquid iron at the stage of carbonization and melting was inhibited. b"

An additional experiment was conducted similar to the above experiment, except that a finer coal powder having particles of 2.0 mm or less was used as the regulating agent

From the atmosphere. It was established that the content of 5 in the metallic iron obtained in this experiment decreased to 0.032.

Example C

To obtain granular metallic iron, reduction in the solid state, carburization, melting and coalescence were carried out in the same way as in example 2, using a molded starting material having particles of 19 to 20 mm in size, which was mixed with limestone in the amount of 595. Metallic iron cooled to 8002C and removed from the furnace. In turn, metallic iron with this temperature was loaded into an electric furnace together with scrap iron as a source of iron and smelted in it. The share of metallic iron in the total amount of used iron sources was approximately 4095, the balance was provided by iron scrap.

As a result, it was established that the electricity consumption of the electric furnace decreased by approximately 1595 kWh/t compared to the case when the electric furnace consumed 448 kWh/t when melting the initial material consisting only of scrap iron. and that the productivity increased, approximately, by 1495 with - And reducing the duration of melting. In addition, it was established that metallic iron contains C in an amount reduced to 0.018905, and this amount is preferably equal to the content of 5, which is specified for liquid steel, and therefore, the desulphurization regime in the electric furnace can be significantly facilitated and stabilized. and production can be economical. In addition (9) 50, since metallic iron is mostly free of slag, the use of metallic iron allows obtaining

Ф liquid steel of higher quality with a lower content of impurities.

Comparative example 1

The experiment was carried out with the aim of obtaining granular metallic iron in the same way as in example 1, except that the atmosphere was regulated so that the reducing power of the gas medium in the carbonization and melting zone, which provides the possibility of carbonization and melting of granular reduced iron of iron, preferably, finally processed during reduction in the solid state, approximately t took a value in the range from 0.35 to 0.45. The metallic iron obtained in this experiment had little commercial value because it was in the form of shells with slag inclusions shown in Fig. 27 and had a Re purity of about 9095 or less and a small C content (about 0.795 or less). . 60 From these results, it is clear that when the reducing power of the atmosphere at the stage of carburization, melting and coalescence is below 0.5, granular metallic iron with a high degree of purity Re cannot be obtained for the following reasons: the residual carbon is taken away by the gas in the furnace atmosphere ; fine-grained and active reduced iron is prone to re-oxidation; the melting of reduced iron is complicated at a temperature of 1500 C and below due to insufficient carburization; and separation of slag as a by-product does not proceed efficiently. because Example 4

The atmosphere-regulating agent (powder containing carbon material) was fed to the bottom 1 of the furnace with a moving floor using the feeding device 10 shown in Fig.9 to form a layer of the atmosphere-regulating agent. Then the powdered starting material for obtaining reduced iron is prepared

By mixing at least a reducing agent containing carbon and a material containing iron oxide, it was loaded onto the auxiliary starting material (a layer of atmospheric control agent) so that it did not directly contact the bed 1. After that, the powdered starting material was subjected to reduction in the solid state elevated temperature, and the resulting solid state reduction metallic iron was melted by further heating to cause the separation of at least the slag components contained in the starting material and the coalescence of the liquid metallic iron into granular iron.

In the case of using the method for producing reduced iron according to Example 4 of the present invention, a thin and continuous layer of an atmosphere control agent of uniform thickness can be formed on the substrate 1 by means of the feeding device 10 for the starting material, and therefore it is possible to obtain a uniform granulated iron of improved quality at a higher productivity and lower costs. In addition, such a thin and continuous /5 layer of the atmosphere-regulating agent of uniform thickness formed on the substrate 1 ensures the achievement of a higher metallization ratio and the protection of the substrate 1. Further, since the atmosphere-regulating agent can be loaded in the minimum necessary amount, then it is possible to exclude the unsparing use of powder containing carbonaceous material, while at the same time excluding the possibility of the formation of heterogeneous reduced iron due to different conditions on the floor 1.

In the case when the furnace 11 with a moving bed is a furnace with a rotating bed, there are differences in the speeds of movement around the circumference of the inner part and around the periphery of the bed, which may be the reason for the gas medium to flow in the furnace at different speeds. However, the process according to this example makes it possible to exclude changes in the reduced state of iron in the molded starting material due to such differences. high school

In example 4, a layer of the atmosphere regulating agent was formed on the substrate 1 by loading the atmosphere regulating agent onto the substrate using the feeding device 10 according to the first embodiment, o); designed to supply the powdered starting material needed to obtain reduced iron, and then a layer of molded starting material was formed on bed 1 by loading the powdered starting material. The feed device 10 for the initial material can be replaced by a Gezo feed means for the initial material having a feed pipe that is not divided by partition panels, or any one of the feed devices for the initial material according to any and presented variant implementation. A certain effect can be expected even if a powdered mixture containing a powdered starting material for the production of reduced iron prepared by mixing at least a powder containing an iron oxide and a powder containing a carbonaceous material and a powder containing a carbonaceous material were to be loaded . uh-

Of course, the initial material that is loaded can be in the form of a fine agglomerate or in the form of small balls, as well as in the form of a powder.

Example 5

In the method of obtaining reduced iron according to this example, the feeding device 10, shown in Fig. 9, was used. First, a powder containing carbon («5s material) was distributed over the floor 1 of the furnace 11 with a moving floor to form a layer of powder containing carbon material on the floor 1.

Then, a powdered starting material for obtaining reduced iron, prepared by mixing at least a reducing agent containing carbon and a material containing iron oxide, was fed to form a layer on the bed 1 not in direct contact with the bed 1. After that, the powdered starting material the material for obtaining reduced iron was subjected to reduction in the solid state at an elevated -I temperature, and the obtained metallic iron was melted by further heating in order to separate at least the slag components contained in the powdered starting material, and then the liquid iron was removed through the outlet channel for liquid iron , separated from slag components.

Ge) The discharge channel for liquid iron, formed on the floor 1 of the furnace with a movable floor, contains, for example, a recess 5p for collecting and accumulating liquid iron, a discharge opening for liquid iron located in the lower part of the recess, and a gate located below the discharge opening for liquid iron.

Ф In addition, the essence of the present invention covers the case where the powder containing the carbon material is loaded onto the bed 1 by means of the feed device 10 for the initial material to form a layer of the powder containing the carbon material on the bed 1, and the medium and large size rolls , formed from the initial raw material for obtaining reduced iron, containing a powdery mixture obtained by mixing a powder containing iron oxide and a powder containing carbonaceous material, are loaded onto a layer of powder containing

F; carbon material, using another feeding device. As can be clearly understood from the above, Example 5 is similar to Example 4 except that Example 4 relates to the production of granular iron, while Example 5 relates to the production of liquid iron, and therefore Example 5 can achieve advantages similar to those of Example 4 As in Example 4, the feedstock feeder 10 can be replaced with a feedstock feeder having a feed pipe that is not separated by partition panels, or any one of the feedstock feeders according to the embodiments shown in FIG. . 10 to 12. A certain effect can be predicted even if a powdered mixture containing a powdered 65 starting material for obtaining reduced iron prepared by mixing at least a powder containing iron and a powder containing carbonaceous material, and a powder containing contains carbon material. Likewise, a certain effect can be predicted even if only a powdered starting material is loaded to obtain reduced iron prepared by mixing at least a powder containing iron oxide and a powder containing carbonaceous material.

Of course, the initial material loaded can be in the form of small coils.

Example 6

The atmosphere control agent (powdered carbonaceous material) was loaded into the bottom 1 of the moving bed furnace using the feeder 10 shown in FIG. 9 to form a layer of atmosphere regulating agent. Then, the formed starting material (coils) prepared by mixing at least 7% of the reducing agent containing carbon and the material containing iron oxide was loaded onto the auxiliary starting material (atmospheric control agent layer) using another feeding device similar to that shown in Fig. 9 (not shown in Fig. 9U) so that it does not come into direct contact with the bed 1. After that, the formed starting material was subjected to solid state reduction at an elevated temperature, and the metallic iron obtained by the solid state reduction was melted by further heating to to cause the separation of at least the slag components contained in the starting material and the coalescence of the liquid metallic iron to the granular iron.

In the case of using the method for obtaining reduced iron according to example 6 of the present invention, a thin and continuous layer of an atmosphere regulating agent having a uniform thickness can be formed on the bed 1 with the help of the feeding device 10, and therefore, it is possible to obtain a uniform granulated iron of increased quality at more high productivity with lower costs. In addition, such a thin and continuous atmosphere control agent layer formed on the substrate 1 and having a uniform thickness provides the possibility of achieving a higher metallization ratio and protects under 71. In addition, since the atmosphere control agent can be loaded in the minimum necessary amount , it is possible to exclude the unsparing use of powder containing carbon material, and at the same time prevent the formation of heterogeneous reduced iron due to different conditions on the floor 1.

In the case when the furnace with a moving floor is a furnace with a rotating floor, there are differences in the speeds of i) movement around the circumference of the inner part and around the periphery of the floor, which can be the reason for the gas medium to flow in the furnace at different speeds. However, the process according to this example makes it possible to achieve a good effect by eliminating changes in the reconstituted state in the molded starting material due to such differences.

In example 6, a layer of an atmosphere-regulating agent was formed on the substrate 1 by loading it with an atmosphere-regulating agent using the feed device 10 for the source material according to Ge! the first embodiment, and then a layer of molded starting material was formed on the substrate 1 by loading the molded starting material. Feeding device 10 for the initial material i-

35 may be replaced by a feed device having a feed pipe that is not separated by partition panels, or any one of the feed devices according to any embodiment of the present invention.

Example 7

In the method of obtaining reduced iron according to this example, the feeding device 10, shown in Fig. 9, was used. First, a powder containing carbon (25 s material) was distributed over the floor 1 of the furnace 11 with a moving floor to form a layer of powder containing carbon material on the floor 1.

Then, the molded starting material (coils) prepared from the powdered starting material for the production of reduced iron, obtained by mixing at least a reducing agent containing carbon and a material containing iron oxide, was fed to form a layer on the substrate 1 that is not in direct contact with collisions with the floor 1. After that, the formed starting material to obtain the reduced -I iron was subjected to reduction in the solid state at an elevated temperature, and the metallic iron obtained by the reduction in the solid state was melted by further heating to cause the separation of at least slag components, which contained in the powdered starting material, and then by

Ge) liquid iron, separated from slag components, was removed from the discharge channel for liquid iron.

The outlet channel for liquid iron, formed on the floor 1 of the furnace with a movable floor, contains, for example, a recess o for collecting and accumulating liquid iron, an outlet for liquid iron located in the lower part

Ф notch, and a gate located below the outlet for liquid iron.

As can be clearly understood from the above, Example 7 is similar to Example 6 except that Example 6 relates to the preparation of granular iron, while Example 7 relates to the preparation of liquid iron, and therefore Example 7 can achieve advantages similar to those of Example 6. How and in example 6, the feed device 10 for the starting material can be replaced with a feeding device for the starting material

F; of material having a feed pipe that is not separated by partition panels or any one of the feeders for the initial material according to the embodiments shown in FIG. from 10 to 12.

According to the present invention, as a reducing agent containing carbon and material containing iron oxide, it is possible to use blast furnace dust, electric furnace dust, recycled scale, sludge, small iron shavings, etc.

According to the present invention, by appropriate control of the atmosphere, especially in the stage of carburization, melting and coalescence after the stage of reduction in the solid state, it is possible to minimize the re-oxidation of the reduced iron, thereby increasing the degree of purity of the obtained metallic iron, while the slag as a by-product can essentially completely separate from metallic iron. In addition, 65 The use of this invention allows to minimize the impregnation of liquid slag and erosion or abrasion of refractory materials under liquid Reso, as a result of which effective production of granular metallic iron with a high degree of purity is ensured, with continuous production.

In the case of practical application of this invention with the intentional addition of the appropriate amount of the source

CaO to the formed starting material during its preparation in order to increase the basicity number of the resulting slag, the sulfur released from the carbonaceous material can be effectively captured by the slag, as a result of which the sulfur content of the resulting metallic iron is reduced and the desulphurization regime carried out later is facilitated . In addition, it is possible to reduce the amount of sulfur leaving the furnace in the form of CO2 as much as possible, and therefore, the desulphurization regime can be facilitated if the sulfur is extracted from such waste gas.

If an integrated iron smelting and steelmaking production system is established, having a steel melting furnace, 7/0 located near the remelting equipment, to use the high temperature metallic iron as it is, or once it is molten, with subsequent heating as a source of iron , then in such a production system it is possible to effectively use the heat stored in metallic iron, and therefore, the system is very suitable for practical production.

In addition, in accordance with this invention, it is allowed to deposit the slag components separated from 7/5 of the formed starting material on the refractory materials of the bottom of the reduction melting furnace with a moving bottom, and then the slag deposited layer formed is periodically or continuously removed during the technological process, thereby preventing, during continuous production, the sticking or deposition of granular metallic iron on the slag deposited layer, while the surface of the floor is permanently kept smooth by involuntary sealing of the damaged surfaces of the deposited layer. Therefore, it is possible to guarantee continuous 2o production without significant damage to the original refractory materials, while the period of maintenance of the pod can be greatly increased and thereby significantly increase the efficiency of continuous production. Since the laying of the floor is achieved spontaneously with the effective use of the slag formed during the technological process, there is no need to supply any material for laying from the outside, excluding the material for the formation of the main protective layer at the beginning of the technological process, and therefore, this method is very profitable If you use recycled slag as a material for the formation of the main protective layer, the method becomes even more cost-effective. at);

The feeding device of the invention provides the possibility of forming a continuous layer of auxiliary starting material on the floor, which has an essentially uniform thickness, up to the desired thickness. Since the pipeline can be divided in the direction of the width of the floor, the amount of auxiliary starting material supplied can be varied by adjusting the opening of each section of the pipeline, as a result of which it becomes possible to form a thin and continuous layer of auxiliary starting material having an essentially uniform thickness in and , in the direction of the floor width, even if the floor is rotating. Therefore, there is no need to provide a Ge stove! a means for adjusting the thickness, for example, a leveler or a smoothing device, which results in obtaining less consumable products. In addition, when using the feeding device of this invention for feeding, the adhesion of the auxiliary starting material to the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline is prevented, as a result of which such problems as clogging of the pipeline and falling of the auxiliary starting material in lumps are effectively eliminated.

Although some currently preferred variants of this invention have been described in detail, it should be clear to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates that certain changes and modifications may be made in the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. defined by the formula below. sw with

AND"

Claims (19)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of obtaining granulated metallic iron, according to which the molded starting material, including a carbon-containing reducing agent and a substance containing iron oxide, is heated in a reduction melting furnace to restore the iron oxide contained in the molded starting material to a solid state, and carburizing the reduced iron produced by the reduction in the solid state o carbon contained in the carbonaceous reducing agent to cause melting of the reduced iron with the simultaneous separation of the waste rock components contained in the formed source material and o to cause the coalescence of the liquid metallic iron, while set the reducing ability of the gas Ф medium, which is near the molded source material at the stage of carburization and melting, not lower than 0.5. 2. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the agent, which regulates the regenerative capacity of the gaseous medium and which is a carbonaceous material, is loaded into the bottom of the regenerative melting furnace at least before the melting of the molded source material. (F) Z. The method according to claim 2, which is characterized by using an agent that regulates the reducing ability of GI of a gas medium having an average particle diameter of 3 mm or less, and loading it onto the substrate to a thickness of 7 mm or less. in 4. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the molded raw material is mixed with a source of calcium oxide during its preparation to adjust the basicity number (Sab/510 5) of the slag-forming component contained in the molded raw material to the value found in ranges from 0.6 to 1.8, so that the sulfur contained in the molded raw material is fixed in the slag produced during the process, resulting in granular metallic iron that has a low sulfur content. 65 5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that a regenerative melting furnace is used as a regenerative melting furnace with a moving bed, divided into at least two compartments in the direction of movement of the bed, one compartment on the side upstream of the process in the direction transfer is used for recovery in the solid state, another compartment on the downstream side of the process in the direction of transfer is used for carburizing and melting, and in each compartment the temperature and composition of the gas medium are controlled and regulated. 6. The method according to claim 5, which differs in that the temperature of the compartment for carbonization and melting is set at 50-2002С higher than the temperature of the compartment for recovery in the solid state. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized by the fact that the iron oxide recovery factor at the end of the recovery stage in the solid state is set not lower than 8095 and the residual carbon content is set not lower than 70 3.5 wt. 90. 8. The method according to claim 2, which differs in that the agent, which regulates the regenerative capacity of the gas medium, is loaded through the supply pipeline, which is connected to the ceiling part of the furnace in a vertical position. 9. A method for producing liquid steel, in which granular metallic iron obtained by the method specified in any one of claims 1-8 is a raw material for producing steel, and it is charged to a steelmaking furnace as a source of carbon-containing iron. 10. The method according to claim 9, which is characterized by the fact that the temperature of the granulated metallic iron to be loaded into the steel furnace is maintained at 8002C or higher. 11. A method for producing liquid steel, in which the granular metallic iron obtained by the method according to any of claims 1-8 is the raw material for producing steel, and it is melted and loaded into a steelmaking furnace as a source of carbon-containing iron. 12. A device for loading auxiliary raw material on the bottom of a regenerating melting furnace with a moving floor, made with the possibility of obtaining granular metallic iron by the method according to any of claims 1-7, which contains a supply pipeline, in a vertical position, connected by a bed part d/ from Pecs 13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the supply pipeline has an internal space, divided by at least one dividing element in any section in the direction of the width of the floor, intersecting the direction of movement of the floor, to indicate a certain number of separate pipelines, while the internal the side of each individual pipeline is isolated from the adjacent individual pipeline. (Se) 14. The device according to claim 13, which is characterized by the fact that each individual pipeline is provided with an inlet. at 15. The device according to claim 14, which differs in that the inlet is equipped with a feeder. Gee) 16. The device according to any of claims 12-15, which is characterized in that the supply pipeline is equipped with an inlet for inert gas supply. - 17. The device according to any one of claims 12-16, which is characterized by the fact that at least one of the separate pipelines /-|Іч« is provided with an inlet for the supply of inert gas. 18. The device according to any of claims 12-17, which is characterized by the fact that the supply pipeline is provided with a cooling agent at least in the area adjacent to its connecting part. " 19. A device according to any one of claims 12-18, characterized in that the supply pipe has an inner wall treated to prevent sticking. - s i» -I -I se) o 50 42) F) ime) 60 b5