UA74231C2 - Method of catalytic neutralization of motor transport exhaust gases - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention relates to the method of catalytic neutralization of exhaust gases of motor transport. Neutralization of exhaust gases of the motor transport is performed by way of transmission of the flow of gases consecutively through two complete sets of porous alive plates of titanium located perpendicularly with the flow. Each complete set consists of even quantity of plates. The needles made of high-alloy steels are located on the odd plates, on which the dielectric and the catalyst are applied. Air for two consecutive processes is introduced into the neutralizer between the first and the second complete set of plates: electrocatalytic reduction and electrocatalytic oxidation. The ignition coil of car is the current source. After neutralization the flow of gas is discharged into the atmosphere. With the use of this method due to radical component of chemical processes in the area of discharge a drastic reduction of the temperature of the catalyst ignition is achieved, the processes of catalytic reduction and catalytic oxidation are conducted with high output, the deposit of soot and resin on the catalyst surface area is not allowed. During catalytic neutralization in the reactor of this design the reduction of the power of engine does not occur, which leads to the fuel economy and increase of the time of engine operation.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to a method of neutralization of outgoing gases.

Until now, a significant number of methods of neutralization and purification of gases emitted from motor vehicles are known. One of the methods is the method of catalytic neutralization of gases leaving vehicles on porous media with increased back pressure, see I.V. Varshavskyi, R.V. Malov "How to neutralize exhaust gases of a car" - M., Transport, 1968, - 232 p. The catalyst is applied to the surface of the tubes, which are fixed on the wire in the housing or balls, which are collected in cassettes. As a catalyst, platinum is used in the amount of 70 dg per μg of tubular porous catalyst and 2 g per kg of ball catalyst. When using this method of catalytic neutralization of gases on diesel engines, additional air is injected into the neutralizer through the injector. On a warm engine, almost complete purification from carbon monoxide (I), partial nitrogen oxides and 80-9095 from hydrocarbons is ensured. At idle and at low engine loads, for more effective catalytic neutralization of gases, the back pressure at the gas outlet is increased. 12 The disadvantage of this method is that the use of this method of catalytic neutralization of gases leads to a significant increase in the amount of soot, resin and oil droplets in the outgoing gases. In addition, fuel consumption increases on such engines.

For a known method of catalytic neutralization of gases leaving vehicles using a fluidized bed, see I.V. Varshavskyi, R.V. Malov "How to neutralize the exhaust gases of a car" - M.,

Transport, 1968 - 232 p. The catalyst layer is brought to a suspended state by the gas flow. The neutralizer for this method consists of a reactor, which is a rectangular steel box, which is filled with catalyst balls and casings from above and below on 3/4. The reactor is covered with nets from above and below to prevent the catalyst from being carried away. The diameter of the catalyst ball is 3-5 mm. Platinum is used as a catalyst. with

The disadvantage of this method is that this neutralizer, due to its bulky dimensions, can only be installed in a vertical position. It can be used only on a limited number of vehicles. In addition, the use of a fluidized bed requires more careful control of the gas velocity to prevent precipitation or removal of the catalyst. In a car, it is even more difficult to do this due to the constant changes in gas consumption during different engine operating modes, which leads either to the damping of the fluidized bed or the removal of the catalyst.

The prototype of the proposed method is a method of thermocatalytic neutralization of gases leaving vehicles, see I.V. Varshavskyi, " R.V. Malov "How to neutralize exhaust gases of a car" - M., school

Transport, 1968 - 232s)|. This method consists of two stages: "I - flame heating of gases due to injectorless fuel combustion. Gases 3o are ignited with the help of the spiral of the candle or with the help of the flame front at the established combustion mode. in

When the engine is running at high loads, the fuel supply is stopped for economy purposes. The heated gas enters the cyclone, where small particles, which were not burned before, are combusted and larger particles settle in the cyclone; " - direct catalytic neutralization of gases on two layers of the catalyst: the lower boiling layer and the upper calm layer. The purpose of the lower layer is to neutralize a greater proportion of toxic gas compounds. The upper one is designed to complete the neutralization and to prevent the removal of catalyst particles from the lower layer. Platinum is used as a catalyst.

The disadvantage of this method is: - the complexity of the design; - the need for additional fuel consumption; 7 - high temperatures of some parts; "" - high costs of the catalyst in the fluidized bed; - great weight and dimensions. o The invention is based on the task of neutralization of gases emitted by motor vehicles

Ge) 20 passing the flow of gases through two sets, each of which consists of porous plates with needles and without needles. and The method of catalytic neutralization of gases leaving vehicles includes high-temperature two-stage reduction-oxidation processes on a platinum catalyst. The gas flow is passed through an electrocatalytic reactor - two sets of porous plates made of titanium, which are located perpendicular to the gas flow and on which a high voltage is applied.

GF) The reactor body is made of a dielectric, and each of the electrocatalytic sets consists of porous plates of high and low voltage, and on the needles of high-alloyed steel plates of high voltage, a dielectric (for example, y-AI»Oz, Ma»biOz) and platinum catalyst.

The porous plates along the gas path in the set are arranged in the following sequence: porous plates with 60. porous plates without needles, and additional air is introduced between the sets of porous plates, and the direction of the tip of the needles coincides with the direction of the gas flow.

The current source is the ignition coil of the car.

The number of porous plates in the reducing and oxidizing zones should be even.

The size of the pores of the porous plates is 100-120 μm. because the regeneration of the first recovery kit from soot and tar is carried out by short-term injection of additional air into the gas flow before the electrocatalytic reactor.

The process is based on reduction-oxidation processes that occur in the discharge zone 150-200 lower than during conventional thermal catalysis, the temperature of which is 400 Сb. The main difference between the electrocatalytic process and the thermal process is that at any engine operating mode, due to the flow of radical reactions in the discharge zone, a high degree of reduction and oxidation of toxic compounds is observed, as well as complete combustion of soot and tar. This is possible due to the reduction of energy barrier processes.

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the neutralization of gases leaving vehicles, Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the degree of purification on voltage for idling without air injection, Fig. 3 shows the dependence of the degree of purification on voltage for idling with air injection, on Fig. 4 shows the dependence of the degree of cleaning on voltage for running under load without air injection, Fig. 5 shows the dependence of the degree of cleaning on voltage for running under load with air injection

The gas flow from the engine (Fig. 1) is directed to the catalytic converter 1. Two sets of porous titanium plates with needles 2 are mounted in the converter. A dielectric and a catalyst are applied to each needle. Air is supplied between 75 sets of plates through the fitting C. After neutralization, the gas stream is released into the atmosphere. Ignition coil 4 is used as a current source.

The process was carried out at different voltages on the plates and engine operating modes. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that this method can be used to clean the gases emitted by motor vehicles.

The electrocatalytic method does not reduce engine power, and in some modes even increases it.

As can be seen from Fig. 2-5, the process of cleaning gases leaving vehicles for different compounds takes place in different ways. Thus, at idle speed without air intake (Fig. 2), the greatest degree of purification from nitrogen oxides is achieved, for other compounds it is much lower, especially for carbon dioxide (II). With the introduction of air at idle speed (Fig. 3), there is a significant increase in the degree of purification from carbon monoxide (II) and organic compounds. Nitrogen oxides are not cleaned. For the operation of the engine under load with the introduction of air and without Ha p;' air introduction (fig. 4-5) the degree of purification for carbon oxide (II) and organic compounds is high, but not high for nitrogen oxides. at

Tables 1 and 2 show experimental data that were used to create a method of catalytic neutralization of gases emitted from motor vehicles.

When using this method of neutralization of gases emitted from motor vehicles, a significantly greater degree of neutralization of toxic compounds is achieved than with other methods. No reduction in engine power leads to fuel savings and longer engine operation. This method can be used on any type of motor vehicle. si

The method is "industrially used", does not require radical changes in the structure of motor vehicles. h zv cha

Without air injection o shsn Z se shi s vo 75.70 555: 59 301 zv 36. i"

With the introduction of air so pi) 9 mov 8 273 68404. 4 ko 55 o vovi - / spnt ev|ve| 73 | in ey with for

Cheka" Yu

FO 11110101 Component shk Without air injection i

Sit » o yu vo | Spnt |from 23) to |19) m | 19 m

Claims (7)

The formula of the invention is 1. A method of catalytic neutralization of gases emitted from motor vehicles, which includes high-temperature two-stage reduction-oxidation processes on a platinum catalyst, which differs in that the gas flow is passed through an electrocatalytic reactor - two sets of porous titanium plates with needles and without needles , which are located perpendicular to the gas flow in series along the gas flow, and a high voltage is applied to the plates with needles. 2. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the reactor body is made of a dielectric, and each of the electrocatalytic sets consists of porous plates of high and low voltage, and the needles of high-alloyed steel plates of high voltage are pre-applied with a dielectric (for example, x- AI2O 3,Ma»5iOz) and a platinum catalyst. 70 C. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the porous plates along the gas flow in the set are arranged in the following sequence: a plate with needles - a plate without needles, and the directionality of the point of the needles coincides with the direction of the gas flow, and additional air is introduced between the sets of plates , which transforms the second set from a reducing to an oxidizing volume. 4. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the current source is the ignition coil of the car. 5. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the pore size of the porous plates is 100-120 μm. 6. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the number of porous plates in the reducing and oxidizing zones is even. 7. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the regeneration of the first recovery kit from soot and resin is carried out by short-term introduction of additional air into the gas flow before the electrocatalytic reactor. s schi 6) "- (ze) s " and - - and? -i sh» ime) (95) - ime) 60 b5