UA73368C2 - Method and device of catalytic neutralization of gases emitted by motor transport - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of catalytic neutralization of gases, which are emitted by motor transport, includes conducting the high-temperature two-stage processes of reduction-oxidation on the nonmetallic oxide catalysts. The gas flow is passed through two sets of grids with needles made of high-alloy steels, which are located perpendicularly with the gas flow and to which the high voltage is applied. Each complete set consists of the grids of high voltage with the needles and the grids of low voltage without needles. The dielectric and catalyst are applied on the needles of the grid of high voltage. The motor-car excitation coil is used as a current source. is applied as dielectric on the wire mesh and needles. Nonmetallic oxide catalysts on the basis of manganese oxides, cobalt, copper and carrier Na2SiO3 are used as catalyst. During catalytic neutralization in the reactor of this design the reduction ofengine power does not occur, that leads to the fuel economy and increases the time of engine operation.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to methods and devices for catalytic neutralization of gases emitted from 2 motor vehicles.

Until now, a significant number of methods of neutralization and purification of gases emitted from motor vehicles are known. One of the methods is the method of catalytic neutralization of gases leaving vehicles on porous media with increased back pressure, see I.L. Varshavskyi, R.V. Malov "How to neutralize the exhaust gases of a car" - M., Transport, 1968, - p.78-82.). The catalyst is applied to the surface of the tubes, which are fixed 70 on the wire in the housing or balls, which are collected in cassettes. Platinum is used as a catalyst in the amount of 4 g per kg of tubular porous catalyst and 2 g per kg of ball catalyst. When using this method of catalytic neutralization of gases on diesel engines, additional air is injected into the neutralizer through the injector. On a warmed-up engine, almost complete purification from carbon monoxide (its), partial nitrogen oxides and 80-9095 from hydrocarbons is ensured. At idle and at low loads of the engine 12, for more effective catalytic neutralization of gases, the back pressure at the gas outlet is increased.

The disadvantage of this method is that the use of this method of catalytic neutralization of gases leads to a significant increase in the amount of soot, resin and oil droplets in the outgoing gases. In addition, fuel consumption increases on such engines.

A known method of catalytic neutralization of exhaust gases from motor vehicles using a fluidized bed, see I.L. Varshavskyi, R.V. Malov "How to neutralize the exhaust gases of a car" - M.,

Transport, 1968 - pp. 85-89). The catalyst layer is brought to a suspended state by the gas flow. The neutralizer for this method consists of a reactor, which is a rectangular steel box, which is 3/4 filled with catalyst balls and casings from above and below. The reactor is closed from the top and bottom with nets to prevent the catalyst from being carried away. The diameter of the catalyst ball is 3-5 mm. Platinum is used as a catalyst with 29. Go)

The disadvantage of this method is that this neutralizer, given its bulky dimensions, can only be installed in a vertical position. It can be used only on a limited number of vehicles. In addition, the use of a fluidized bed requires more careful control of the gas velocity to prevent precipitation or carryover of the catalyst. In a car, it is even more difficult to do this due to constant changes in gas consumption during different engine operating modes, which leads either to the damping of the fluidized bed or the removal of the catalyst.

The prototype of the proposed method is a method of thermocatalytic neutralization of gases leaving vehicles (see I.L. Varshavskyi, R.V. Malov "How to neutralize the exhaust gas of a car" - M,., co.

Transport, 1968 - pp. 89-92). This method consists of two stages: 3o - flame heating of gases due to injectorless fuel combustion. Gases are ignited with the help of a candle spiral or with the help of a flame front at the established combustion mode.

When the engine is running at high loads, the fuel supply is stopped for economy purposes. The heated gas enters the cyclone, where small particles, which were not burned before, are combusted and larger particles settle in the cyclone; With 50 - direct catalytic neutralization of gases on two catalyst layers"; the lower boiling layer and with the upper calm layer. The purpose of the lower layer is to neutralize a larger share of toxic

From" compounds of gases. The upper one is designed to complete neutralization and to prevent the removal of catalyst particles from the lower layer. As a catalyst! use platinum.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the design; the need for additional fuel consumption; high 45 temperatures of some parts; high costs of the catalyst in the fluidized bed; great weight and overall dimensions. 7 The disadvantage of all the listed methods is that platinum is used as a catalyst, but platinum is a scarce metal that is expensive.

The basis of the invention is the task of neutralizing gases leaving vehicles by passing the flow of gases through two sets, each of which consists of nets with needles and without needles.

Gee! 20 The method of catalytic neutralization of gases leaving vehicles, which includes high-temperature two-stage reduction-oxidation processes on non-metallic oxide catalysts, additionally includes the fact that the gas flow is passed sequentially through an electrocatalytic reactor - two sets of grids made of high-alloy steels, which are located perpendicular to the gas flow and on which high voltage is applied.

Regeneration of the first recovery kit from soot and resin is carried out by short-term introduction of additional air into the gas flow before the electrocatalytic reactor.

GF) The device for implementing the method includes a reactor body made of dielectric, and each of the electrocatalytic sets consists of high-voltage grids with needles and low-voltage grids without needles. o The grids along the gas path in the set are located in the following sequence, the grid with needles - the grid without needles, and additional air is introduced between the sets of grids, and the direction of the tip of the needles coincides with the 60 direction of the gas flow.

A dielectric (for example, y-Al»5Oz, Ma»ziOz) and a non-platinum catalyst are pre-applied to the high-alloyed steel needles of the high voltage grid.

The current source is the ignition coil of the car.

The number of grids in the reducing and oxidizing zones should be even. because the process is based on redox processes occurring in the discharge zone 150-200 below,

than with conventional thermal catalysis. The main difference between the electrocatalytic process and the thermal process is that at any engine operating mode, due to the flow of radical reactions in the discharge zone, a high degree of reduction and oxidation of toxic compounds is observed, as well as complete combustion of soot and tar. It is possible for

The scale of reduction of energy barrier processes.

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the neutralization of gases leaving vehicles, Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the degree of purification on voltage for idling without air injection, Fig. 3 shows the dependence of the degree of purification on voltage for idling with air injection, Fig. .4 shows the dependence of the degree of cleaning on the voltage for running under load without air injection, Fig. 5 shows the dependence of the degree of cleaning on voltage for running under load with air injection.

The proposed method is as follows.

The gas flow from the engine (Fig. 1) is directed to the catalytic converter 1. In the converter, two sets of meshes with needles 2 made of heat-alloyed steels are mounted. A dielectric and a catalyst are applied to each needle.

Air is supplied between sets of meshes through the fitting C. After neutralization, the gas stream is released into the /5 atmosphere. Ignition coil 4 is used as a current source.

The process was carried out at different grid voltages and engine operating modes. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that this method can be used to clean the gases emitted by motor vehicles. The electrocatalytic method does not reduce engine power, and in some modes even increases it.

As can be seen from Fig. 2-5, the introduction of air into the gas stream significantly affects the neutralization process. Without air injection, the degree of cleaning is very high for all compounds, especially for the engine under load (Fig. 2 and 4). With the introduction of air, the degree of purification from nitrogen oxides decreases, and for carbohydrates and carbon monoxide (II) it increases (Fig. 3 and 5), regardless of whether the engine is idling or under load. For all cases, both with the introduction of air and without its introduction, the degree of purification increases with increasing voltage.

Tables 1 and 2 show the experimental data that were used to create a method of catalytic neutralization of gases emitted from motor vehicles.

When using this method of neutralization of gases emitted from motor vehicles, a significantly greater degree of neutralization of toxic compounds is achieved than with other methods. No reduction in engine power leads to fuel savings and longer engine operation. This method can be used on any type of motor vehicle. The method is "industrially used", as it does not require drastic changes in the structure of motor vehicles. (Se) o

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Claims (7)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of catalytic neutralization of gases leaving vehicles, which includes high-temperature two-stage reduction-oxidation processes on non-metallic oxide catalysts, which is characterized by the fact that the gas flow is passed sequentially through an electrocatalytic reactor - two sets of grids with needles made of high-alloy steels, which are located perpendicularly gas flow and to which high voltage is applied. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the regeneration of the first recovery kit from soot and resin is carried out by short-term introduction of additional air into the gas stream before the electrocatalytic reactor. Gee) C. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the body of the electrocatalytic reactor is made of a dielectric, and each of the electrocatalytic sets consists of high voltage grids with needles and low voltage grids without needles. co 4. The device according to claim 3, which differs in that the grids along the gas flow in the set are arranged in the following sequence: a grid with needles - a grid without needles, and additional air is introduced between the sets of grids, Ge) and the direction of the tip of the needles coincides with the direction of the gas flow . 5. The device according to paragraphs C or 4, which differs in that a dielectric (for example, y-Al»Oz, Ma»biOz) and a non-platinum catalyst are previously applied to the needles of the high-voltage grid. co 6. The device according to claim 3, which is characterized by the fact that the current source is the ignition coil of the car. m 7. The device according to one of paragraphs Z - b, which differs in that the number of grids in the reducing and oxidizing zones must be even. Official bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated circuits", 2005, M 7, 15.07.2005. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. . and? -i (95) (95) (o) IR e) ime) 60 b5