UA73760C2 - A method for producing iron and/or alloys thereof from, ironoxide-containing materials and an apparatus for realizing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a method for producing iron and/or alloys thereof from ironoxide-containing materials and an apparatus for realizing the same. It includes a partial reduction of said materials by means of blow with reducing gas leaving the melting zone and cooled to 800-1000 DEGREE C being subjected to preliminary partial burning in the vertical channel, delivery of partially reduced ironoxide-containing material to the melting zone where it is melted and finally reduced. The column of partially reduced metal is blown with hydrocarbon-containing plasma jets at a specified ratio of oxygen to reducer of 0.1-0.5, at that the column height h of material to be melted through is determined from the ratio between consumption of plasma forming gas and diameter of the initial nozzle of plasmatron taking into account the specific density, specific power of plasma jets, melt density and acceleration of gravity. The specific electric power ??s of plasma jets is equal to 0.7-2 kW per 1 kg of finished metal, at that the oxygen-containing gas is blown to the melting zone above solid material at a ratio with combustible gas leaving the melting zone being greater than stoichiometric one. Applied is also the apparatus for realizing the above said method. The invention provides obtaining the iron of a high quality with a low level of admixtures, lowered specific power inputs without use of coke and minimal impact on the environment.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy, namely to the processing and production of metal products. 2 Prior art

A known plasma method of producing ferroalloys (Z), AZ, 1329623), in which the starting material is injected into a plasma hydrocarbon jet, which is blown into a solid lump reducing agent. The disadvantages of this method include the low productivity of the process and the presence of a solid reducing agent, which sharply reduces the quality of the finished metal. 70 Therefore, methods based on the previous recovery of the initial charge and the subsequent melting of it in a liquid bath have recently become widespread.

However, the known methods do not allow the production of finished metal with a low content of impurities and high productivity, because in the upper part of the melting zone the charge fuses, forming "bridges", and in the pre-reduction zone 19 the temperature is not sufficient for effective recovery.

The closest in technical essence and the result achieved (prototype) to the described invention is the method of obtaining iron and/or its alloys from oxidizing materials (its variants), which includes their partial recovery by feeding suitable from the melting zone cooled to 800-1000 оС reducing gas subjected to preliminary partial recovery of the solid phase in a vertical channel, supply of partially reduced material to the melting zone of the reactor, where its melting and final recovery are carried out. At the same time, the melting and final recovery of oxidized materials in the melting zone is carried out due to the reaction with oxygen-containing fuel and oxygen-containing gas.

As a result of the use of this method of obtaining iron, the efficiency of the process due to the use of heat and the regenerative potential of the gas leaving the smelting zone increases, and the environmental c 725 indicators of the process increase. Gee)

A known method of obtaining iron and/or its alloys from oxidizing materials (its variants) is implemented using a device (reactor) for obtaining iron and/or its alloys from oxidizing materials, which contains a melting zone equipped with means of feeding the energy carrier and reducing agent directly into the liquid phase and oxygen-containing gas into the space above the liquid phase melts my material for afterburning the combustible gas that is formed as a result of melting, an outlet, a means for introducing oxidizing materials into the reactor, a means (Se) for cooling the outgoing gas, a means of partial recovery of oxidizing materials , a means of supplying partially recovered materials to the melting zone, a vertically installed exhaust gas pipeline, connecting - a means of partial recovery of oxidizing material in its lower part with the melting zone IA, SI, 2077595, so cl. 6C21813/14. Publ. 12/20/1989

The disadvantage of the known method is that as a result of its use, the obtained iron has a high content of carbon and other impurities, which does not allow the use of the obtained metal immediately after release from the reactor for the production of high-quality products (automotive or transformer sheet, production of heat-resistant, especially strong and stainless steels, etc.). Another disadvantage is that the method cannot be carried out by plasma jets, since in the case of uncoordinated plasma blowing of a column of Z 70 material, there is either a splash of melt onto the reactor wall and into the pre-recovery zone, or damage to the plasmatrons during their gas-dynamic shutdown (burnout of the plasmatron, impact of cooling water in the melt, "with uncontrollable consequences).

The disadvantage of the device (reactor) used to implement the known method is that the design of the reactor does not allow the use of plasmatrons for the bottom purging of the solid column of the charge and then the liquid melt layer, since the known reactor is intended only for melting and recovery by interaction and partially reduced oxides materials with a solid reducing agent. (4) Another disadvantage of the known reactor is that it cannot be rotated, which complicates the smelting technology and prevents the production of high-quality metal. Disclosure of the Invention (Ge) 50 The invention is based on the task of creating a method and device for the processing of oxidized materials and the direct production of high-quality primary iron from them with a low level of impurities, reduced specific energy consumption without the use of expensive coke and minimal impact on the environment.

The set task is achieved by the fact that the melting and final restoration of the partially restored material is carried out by the bottom purging of the material column with hydrocarbon-containing plasma jets with a volume ratio of oxygen to the reducing agent A - 0.1...0.5, and the height of the column of the material to be melted is n

HF) is determined from the ratio: yuyu n -(1.2...1.3A, where vo32 bu - consumption of plasma-forming gas, kg/s;

A- - well|- E--t because You are angry: Z

Rp 7 integrity of plasma, kg/m; Rrasp 7 melt density, kg/m; as - the diameter of the output nozzle of the plasmatron, m; 9 - acceleration of free fall, m/s 2, and the specific instantaneous electric power Ru invested in plasma jets is determined from the condition: Ru - 0.7-2 kW per kg of finished metal, while oxygen-containing gas is blown into the melting zone above the solid material gas in a greater than stoichiometric ratio to the fuel gas leaving the melting zone.

In the device (reactor) for carrying out the method, plasmatrons are installed in the lower part of the melting zone of the reactor, and the main pair of opposing plasmatrons is installed at a distance from the bottom of the reactor equal to 0.5...243 of the outer diameter d3 of the plasmatron, each additional pair of oppositely installed plasmatrons is placed at a distance from the axis of the main steam, and the height H of the inner cavity of the reactor from its bottom to the means of supplying partially reduced materials is equal to 1.8...2.51 of the height of the column that melts my material.

In the claimed method, a reducing agent and/or water vapor is additionally blown into the cooling zone of the outgoing reducing gas.

In the claimed method, the reduced metal is not removed from the melting zone, and it partially interacts with /o plasma jets throughout the melting time.

In the claimed method, the metal obtained in the recovery process is continuously removed from the melting zone of interaction with plasma jets at a speed equal to the recovery speed by tilting the reactor or flowing liquid metal along the inclined floor of the furnace into the accumulator.

In the claimed device, the outlet hole in the recovered metal accumulator is made at its bottom.

In the claimed device, the reactor is made with the possibility of turning around its horizontal axis.

In the claimed device, the side wall of the reactor is located at a distance of 3...bdz from the nearest pair of plasmatrons.

In the claimed device, the distance between each further pair of additional plasmatrons is equal to 3...bases.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that. that the claimed method of obtaining iron differs from the known one in that it does not involve the use of a solid reducing agent, coal or coke. In the 2nd claimed method, it is envisaged to use only a gaseous reductant converted with oxygen and heated to high temperatures in a plasmatron - natural gas, which is blown through the entire layer of partially reduced material. The comparative analysis with the prototype also allows us to conclude that the proposed device for implementing the claimed method differs from the prototype in that plasmatrons are installed in the melting zone of the reactor, with the help of which the partially recovered material is melted and restored.

Blowing a layer of partially reduced material with hydrocarbon-containing plasma jets with a wide i) range of change of A - 0.1...0.5 makes it possible to effectively use the thermal and regenerative potential of the plasma. At the same time, the possibility of changing the reduction potential of the plasma during the melting process makes it possible to produce finished metal with a very low level of impurities. Depending on the quality requirements for the finished metal, it is possible to make metal with a controlled carbon content. The conducted smelting showed that depending on a, i.e. the reduction potential of the plasma, it is possible to obtain pure iron of the following chemical composition, o: Be - 99.8; C - 0.000; MP ise) - 0.000; Bi - 0.002; 5 - 0.02; P - 0.004; St - 0.07; Mi - 0.03; Sy - 0.01; AND! - 0.000; Mo - 0.000; M - 0.095 Mk

Those - 0.000; Av - 0.000.

The constructive execution of plasmatrons allows not only the solid layer of the charge to be blown with plasma, but also

From melt. Therefore, the claimed method effectively uses the chemical, thermal and kinetic energy of the plasma jet. It was experimentally established that when A » 0.5 the reduction potential of the plasma drops sharply and the degree of metal reduction decreases. This leads to a decrease in the quality of the smelted metal, an increase in energy consumption and an increase in the harmful impact on the environment. At A "01, sooty pyrocarbon is formed in the plasmatron, which settles on the walls of the discharge chamber, gradually narrowing its passage sections. As a result, an emergency situation occurs due to gas-dynamic blocking from the discharge chamber, and the plasmatron fails. Such an emergency situation reduces the productivity of the process and increases the cost of the finished product. ;" It was experimentally established that one of the main technological parameters of melting is the height of the column of solid charge, and then the thickness of the liquid melt layer. If these values are not consistent with the mode of operation of the plasmatron and its geometric characteristics, then the process does not proceed at all. At the same time, if the height n of the -I material layer is small, then the plasma jets quickly melt the channels through which the jets flow into the reactor cavity. As a result, the raw material does not melt at all or melts for a very long time. o The obtained metal has low quality, uncontrolled composition and low yield, since the main mass of melt -I is blown onto the walls of the reactor, where, sticking, it forms "cooling" and "goats". As a result, the reactor goes out of order. With an excessive value, gas-dynamic blocking of the discharge chamber with liquid melt occurs

Me. plasmatrons, which leads to burnout of the plasmatrons and melting out of the mode. All this leads to significant material costs or deterioration of the quality of the smelted metal. Therefore, it was experimentally established that the value of the melting layer of my material should lie in the range n (1,2.1,5)А

At и » 1.5A there is a possibility of gas-dynamic blocking of plasmatrons, and at и « 1.2A the formation of through channels in the material to be melted is possible. (Ф, Another important technological parameter of the melting and recovery process is the instantaneous electric power Ru, invested in plasma jets, related to kg of finished metal (specific electric power Ru). With a small specific power, the metal is underreduced or has low fluidity, which leads to at a high specific power, firstly, energy consumption increases, and secondly, the temperature of the melt increases significantly, as a result of which its viscosity decreases, and this leads to increased erosion of refractories in the active zone of the reactor.

It was experimentally established that at a Ru of 0.7 kW h/kg, the melt leaves the reactor with a very high viscosity and, as a result, low fluidity, while the yield of the melt decreases and the material balance of the melt is disturbed (part of the melt remains in the reactor). The cumulative effect of these negative factors leads to a sharp increase in energy consumption, a decrease in the quality of the metal and a decrease in the yield of a suitable product.

At Ru » 2kWh/kg, in addition to increasing energy costs, the erosion of refractories also increases, which leads to premature repair of the reactor, as a result of which the cost price of the finished metal increases. Among other things,

The temperature of the gases leaving the melting zone increases, and this leads to an increase in gas consumption in the preliminary recovery zone.

In order to prevent the formation of "bridges" of unmelted material in the upper part of the melting zone and to reduce the formation of "coolants in the vertical channel, oxygen-containing gas is blown into the melting zone above the layer of solid material. When oxygen interacts with the reducing gas that has not reacted in the melting zone, according due to its heating, the temperature in the vertical channel and in the upper part of the melting zone increases. This leads to the melting of "bridges" and "cooling" on the reactor wall. Therefore, the productivity of the process increases and energy costs decrease.

The initial oxidizing materials located in the partial reduction zone should not be heated above 700-90020. To do this, waste combustible gas heated above the melting zone in the cooling zone is enriched with 75% natural gas, and if the gas temperature in the cooling zone exceeds the maximum allowable 10002C, then water vapor is additionally blown in. Such a technical solution allows almost full use of the energy stored in the melting zone and the regeneration potential of the waste gas. That is why the specific energy consumption of Ru plasma technology is so small, i.e. it does not exceed 2kWh/kg of molten metal.

To obtain a metal (steel) of a given grade composition, that is, with a defined carbon content, the metal obtained from the melt is not removed from the melting zone, and it partially interacts with the carbon-containing plasma jets. As a result of this interaction, the resulting metal is saturated with carbon to a given concentration, and steel of a given grade composition is obtained.

In order to obtain particularly pure iron, especially in terms of carbon, that is, with almost a complete absence of carbon in the third decimal place, the metal obtained in the process of recovery is continuously removed from the melting zone. Ge

Continuous removal of the reduced metal from the zone of interaction of the melt with hydrocarbon-containing plasma jets allows to exclude the saturation of the finished liquid iron with carbon from the plasma jets. When the rate of removal of metal from the melting zone is equal to the rate of recovery of metal from the liquid melt, the finished product does not have time to be saturated with carbon, and as a result, we have iron practically without carbon and other impurities. The removal of metal from the zone of interaction with the plasma is possible along an inclined floor into the accumulator. However, in this "3 case, it is not possible to carry out additional refining of the finished metal by blowing it with plasma jets and adjusting the time of plasma interaction with the melt. oh

To obtain metal of higher quality, the method provides for periodic supply of finished metal to the zone - introduction of plasma jets by tilting the reactor around a horizontal axis. With this method of smelting, the obtained metal is refined by plasma jets in the reactor, which allows obtaining particularly pure grades of iron in the primary unit (plasma reactor). uh-

A comparative analysis with the prototype also allows us to conclude that the proposed device for implementing the claimed method differs from the prototype in that instead of means of supplying carbon-containing fuel and oxygen-containing gas directly into the liquid phase, plasmatrons are installed. At the same time, carbon-containing and "oxygen-containing gas is fed through plasmatrons, in which it is mixed, heated to the average mass temperature To about To - 3000...40009C and converted to CO, NO" or to CO, NO and soot carbon. - c Injection into the initial charge of pre-prepared converted gas heated to high temperatures significantly intensifies the heat and mass transfer processes in the reactor, which reduces specific energy consumption. Since in the stated device the plasmatrons are installed in the lower part of the reactor at a distance from the bottom of the reactor equal to 0.5...2a3 of the outer diameter d3 of the plasmatron, the plasma jets blow through the entire layer of the initial charge, and as it melts, the entire layer of the melt, therefore the energy of plasma jets is used efficiently. - and It was experimentally established that when the distance from the bottom of the reactor to the plasmatron is less than 0.5dz, the plasma jet begins to intensively interact with the refractory lining of the bottom of the reactor, quickly destroying it. If the distance from the bottom of the reactor to the plasmatron is greater than 243, the efficiency of the interaction of the plasma jet with the charge decreases, since the jet will travel a shorter path in the source material. As a result, the melting time of bu 50 increases, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of the process and an increase in its energy consumption.

To intensify the heat and mass exchange processes in the reactor, the plasmatrons are installed opposite to each other. 62 An opposing pair of plasmatrons, on the one hand, intensifies the processes of heat and mass transfer, and on the other hand, interacting with each other, the jets mutually extinguish their high speeds, which reduces the drop-like removal of material from the melt. To increase the productivity of the process, an additional pair of opposition plasmatrons is installed in the reactor. At the same time, each additional pair of opposing plasmatrons is placed at a distance equal to 3...bdz from the axis of the main pair of plasmatrons. This placement of an additional pair of plasmatrons allows optimizing the heat and mass exchange and increasing the productivity of the process, since the unit power of the plasmatron is limited. The distance between an additional pair of opposing plasmatrons should not exceed 3...bdz.

An increase in the distance of more bases reduces the efficiency of heat and mass exchange, as the specific power of 60 per unit area of the melting zone of the reactor decreases. On the other hand, a decrease in the distance between pairs is less. reduces the area of the melting zone, at the same time, the probability of gas-dynamic and electrical breakdown between plasmatrons increases, as well as the constructive placement of plasmatrons on the reactor body becomes more difficult.

The distance between the additional pair of plasmatrons and the side wall of the reactor should not exceed 3...bdz.

At a distance greater than the bases. the area of the melting zone increases, which leads to a decrease in the specific power 65 and the height n of the layer of the material to be melted, and this causes the appearance of through-melted channels in the layer of the charge.

Reducing the distance by less than Za increases the degree of interaction of the plasma jet with the reactor wall,

as a result, the erosion of refractory masonry increases.

The height of the inner cavity of the reactor from its bottom to the means of feeding the partially reduced material is equal to 1.8...2p of the height of the layer of the material that melts through it. At a height of less than 1.81, the material carried out of the melting zone clogs the gas channels in the pre-recovery zone, and the productivity of the process decreases sharply, and at a height of more than 2.5p, the area of the reactor increases, as a result of which heat consumption increases, and energy consumption increases.

In order to improve the quality of the smelted metal by removing the finished product from the melting zone, the reactor is made to rotate around its axis, and the outlet is made at the bottom of the recovered metal storage tank. 7/o This placement of the discharge hole allows all molten metal to be removed from the melting zone.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings, where Fig. 1 shows the proposed device for implementing the method, a general view: Fig. 2 is a view along the arrow A, where plasmatrons are installed.

The device contains a two-zone reactor, the body 1 of which is made of sheet steel. The body 1 is lined with refractory material 2. In the lower part of the reactor, there is a melting zone 3, equipped with means of feeding the energy carrier and reductant through plasmatrons 4 directly into the liquid phase. Above the layer of the material to be melted are installed nozzles 5 for supplying oxygen-containing gas for heating the combustible gas coming out of the melting zone. The lower part of the melting zone C of the reactor is made at an angle to its vertical axis, while at the base of the sloping bottom 6 there is an outlet 7, equipped with a sliding 2o gate 8. In the upper part of the reactor there is a means 9 of partial recovery of oxide materials, made of a steel lined body 10 A perforated hopper 11 made of heat-resistant steel is placed inside the case 10. In the lower part of the hopper 11, there is an outlet 12 for the supply of partially reduced materials to the melting zone Z, equipped with a conical locking mechanism 13. In the upper part of the partial recovery device 9, there is a device 14 for introducing oxidized materials into the reactor, equipped with a hermetic cover 15. In the partial recovery device recovery system 16 is installed to remove spent gases from the reactor. The hopper 11 is closed from above with a hermetic cover 17. The vertical i) pipeline 18 of gases leaving the melting zone, which connects the means of partial recovery 9 in its lower part with the melting zone C, is made narrow in the upper part. In the narrow part of the pipeline, nozzles 19 are installed for additional supply of reducing agent (for example, natural gas) and/or steam. The main pair of plasmatrons 4 is installed opposite each other in the lower part of the melting zone C of the reactor.

Plasmatrons 4 are installed at a distance from the bottom of the reactor equal to 0.5...24d3 of the outer diameter of plasmatrons 4. ise)

Plasmatrons 4 are hermetically connected to the reactor through flanges 20. Additionally, a pair of opposite plasmatrons p 4 is located at a distance of 3...b4 from the axis of the main pair of plasmatrons 4 and at a distance of 3...bases from the side wall of the reactor (Fig. 2). The height H of the inner cavity of the reactor from its bottom 6 to the conical locking mechanism 13 m) of the means of supplying partially reduced material is equal to 1.8...2.5p of the height n of the column of the material to be melted 3.

Accumulator 21 of the reduced metal is made of the surfaces of the bottom 6 of the side walls 22 of the reactor connected at an angle. On the front wall of the reactor, an axis 23 is fixed, in relation to which the reactor can rotate around its horizontal axis by a special mechanism.

The device works in the following way. "

The reactor is heated to 100020. Then, according to the formula z 2 s p-(aolvr-r "z BpoErasplo bs o, determine the height of the layer of molten material in the melting zone 3. Based on the obtained results, determine the mass of the loading into the melting zone Z and in means 9 of the partial restoration of the original oxide -1 of the material.

Plasmotrons 4 are installed in the melting zone C, cold water and plasma-forming gas (for example, natural gas, air or -1 oxygen) with the selected volume ratio A - 0.1 are fed to the plasmotrons 4 corresponding to the technological (95) melting parameters. .0.5. Through means 14 for loading oxidizing materials, the initial oxidizing materials (charge) are loaded into the hopper 11 and through the discharge opening 12, the charge is overloaded into (o) the melting zone 3, having previously closed the discharge opening 7 with the gate valve 8. The discharge opening 12 is closed with the conical closing mechanism o 13, through the loading device 14, the given mass of the initial charge is loaded into the hopper 11 and the cover 15 of the loading device 14 is hermetically closed, the necessary ratio A is adjusted on the plasmatrons and the plasmatrons 4 are started. The plasma-forming gas heated to the average mass temperature Ts - 3000...40002С is converted to CO and NO in the form of regenerative plasma jets, a column of n charges is blown.

Under the action of plasma jets, the charge in the melting zone Z intensively melts, and then the plasma jets (F) blow the melt layer 24. The solid charge and then the melt interact intensively with the plasma jets,

GIs flowing out of plasmatrons 4, and metal recovery from the melt is carried out in such a means. The recovered metal flows down the inclined shaft 6 into the liquid metal accumulator 21. In the process of melting and recovery of oxide materials in the melting zone C, the combustible gases have a high temperature and a significant amount of CO, H»e and pyrocarbon. To reduce the formation of "cooling" and "bridges" from the unmelted layer of the charge of oxidizing materials in the upper part, oxygen-containing gas (for example, oxygen) is blown through the nozzles 5 in a stoichiometric ratio. Exhaust gases, after burning, increase the temperature in the upper part of the melting zone Z, which contributes to the melting of "cooling" and "bridges". Exhaust gases through the vertical lined channel 18 enter the cooling and mixing zone, where natural gas and/or water vapor are blown into it through the nozzles 19. The obtained gas mixture at a temperature of 800...10002С, having a high regeneration potential, is "pumped" by the exhaust gas removal system 16 through the perforated wall of the hopper 11 and the layer of the initial charge. The initial charge is partially recovered and heated. The temperature of the charge in the bunker is controlled by temperature sensors that automatically set the supply of natural gas and/or steam through the nozzles 19 according to a defined algorithm.

In the process of melting, the electric power of the plasmatrons is maintained so that the instantaneous electric power of Ru, invested in the plasma jets was Ru - 0.7...2 kW per Tkg of finished metal.

In order to obtain a metal with a given amount of carbon, the reduced metal is not removed from the melting zone, and it partially interacts with the carbon-containing plasma jets. This process is carried out by turning the reactor 7/0 clockwise around the axis 23, while the reduced liquid metal is placed above the plasmatrons 4 along the line 25, and to saturate it with carbon, the ratio c is reduced.

In order to obtain the reduced metal almost pure in terms of carbon, i.e. with a carbon content of 0.000, the reduced metal is continuously removed from the zone of interaction with the plasma jets at a speed equal to or greater than the speed of reduction. This process is carried out by non-stop rotation of the 7/5 needle of the reactor against the clock around axis 23. After complete melting of the solid charge in the melting zone C, the supply of oxygen-containing gas through the nozzles 5 is stopped. The supply of oxygen through the nozzles 5 during the recovery of the liquid melt in zone C is carried out only to increase the temperature during the formation of "cooling" on the wall of the vertical channel 18. The process of formation of "cooling" is monitored by sensors installed in the walls of the channel 18.

After the melting and recovery process is completed, the gate valve 8 opens the discharge hole 7, and the finished metal is poured into the ladle. After draining the metal into the steel pouring ladle, the reactor is turned clockwise, the discharge of melt is stopped, the slag ladle is fed, the reactor is returned to its initial state and the slag is drained. After draining the slag, the plasmatrons 4 are turned off, the supply of natural gas to them is closed, the outlet opening 7 is closed with the gate valve 8, the conical locking mechanism 13 is lowered and partially restored and

The heated oxidizing materials are overloaded into the melting zone 3. Then the conical locking mechanism 13 is raised, the opening 12 is closed, the cover 15 is opened and through the loading means 14 the oxidizing materials are loaded into the means 9 for the partial recovery of oxidizing materials, natural gas is supplied to the plasmatrons with the specified ratio a, include plasmatrons 4, and then the process is repeated.

The specified method is implemented on a device with the following technical characteristics. Ha")

Four plasmatrons with a power consumption of 0.3MW are installed in the melting zone. The thermophysical parameters of plasma jets with a given average mass temperature and speed provide a blow-out of 1.3 m, calculated according to the stated formula, for the height of the column of molten material. With a given cross-sectional area of the reactor and a specific power of Ru - 2 kW per kg of finished metal, the weight of the charge loaded into the reactor was one ton, that is, one ton - to the melting zone C and one ton - to the bunker 11 of the partial o

Зз5 Recovery. At a melting time of 1 hour, 0.5 tons of liquid metal with an average chemical composition is released from the reactor, because: Be - 99.8; C - 0.000; MP - 0.000; Bi - 0.002; 5 - 0.02; P - 0.004; St - 0.07; Mi - 0.03; Sy - 0.01; AND! - 0.000; Mo - 0.000; M - 0.09; Those - 0.000; Av - 0.000. Natural gas consumption per 1t of finished metal is 300-40Okg. Due to its quality, the obtained metal can be used as an initial matrix for the production of high-quality alloyed, high-strength and heat-resistant steels, as well as as a finished product for the production of electrical or other products. The proposed method of metal smelting has high environmental performance, since all dust emissions practically remain in the charge layer in the partial recovery bunker, and therefore it has an extremely low impact on the environment. Among other things, the claimed method and device make it possible to obtain high-quality metal, bypassing many stages of remelting (furnace, converter, vacuum-arc, and others), which also improves environmental performance. Since the claimed method and device have high specific energy indicators, such a metallurgical unit allows for a 10-100 times increase in productivity. Compared to a blast furnace, i.e. 100 tons of usable volume can be removed from 1 m, instead of 1-10 tons like a blast furnace. Therefore, the plasma metallurgical unit has relatively small dimensions, which allows it to be used effectively in countries where the issue of shortage of production areas is acute. - And since the claimed method and device exclude many metallurgical redistributions for the production of 50% high-quality metal, its cost price is comparable to the cost price of metal produced by traditional technology

Claims (9)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of obtaining iron and/or its alloys from oxide-iron-containing materials, which includes their partial Ф) reduction by blowing with waste from the melting zone and reducing gas cooled to 800-1000 С, which was subjected to preliminary partial firing in the vertical feed channel of partially reduced oxide-iron-containing material into the melting zone of the device, where its melting and final recovery are carried out, which differs in that the melting and final recovery of the specified partially reduced material is carried out by bottom blowing of the column of the specified material with hydrocarbon-containing plasma jets with a volume ratio of oxygen to reducing agent A - 0.1 - 0.5, and the height of the column p of the melted material is determined from the ratio: b5 in -0.2..1.53 , kg/s, Vk 7 plasma density, kg/mu, Erast 7 melt density, n KG/M 3, 4: diameter of the output nozzle of the plasmatron, m, 9u - free acceleration o drop, m/s?, and the specific instantaneous electric power of Ru, plasma jets, is determined from the condition: Ru - 0.7 - 2 kW per 1 kg of finished 7/0 metal, while oxygen-containing gas is blown into the melting zone above the solid material in proportion to the fuel gas leaving the melting zone, greater than stoichiometric. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that a reducing agent and/or water vapor is additionally blown into the cooling zone of the waste reducing gas. Q. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the reduced metal is not removed from the melting zone, and it 7/5 partially interacts with the plasma jets during the entire melting time. 4. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the metal obtained in the recovery process is continuously removed from the melting zone at a speed equal to the recovery speed by tilting the reactor or the flow of the recovered liquid metal along the inclined floor of the furnace into the accumulator. 5. A device for obtaining iron and/or its alloys from oxide-iron-containing materials, containing a melting zone, equipped with means of supplying oxygen-containing gas and reducing agent directly into the liquid phase and oxygen-containing gas into the space above the solid layer of the molten material for heating the combustible gas formed in as a result of melting, an outlet hole, a means for introducing oxidizable iron-containing materials into the device, a means for cooling the waste gas, a means of partial recovery of the specified materials, a means of supplying partially reduced oxidizable iron-containing materials to the melting zone, a vertically installed exhaust gas pipeline connecting a means of partial recovery of the specified material in its lower part with a melting zone, which differs in that in the lower part of the melting zone of the device, plasmatrons are installed, and the main pair of opposing plasmatrons is installed at a distance from the bottom of the reactor equal to (0.5 - 2)az, where dz - the outer diameter of the plasmatron, each additional pairs of oppositely installed plasmatrons are placed at a distance from the axis of the main pair of specified plasmatrons, and the height H of the inner cavity of the device from its bottom to the means of supplying the specified partially reduced materials is equal to (1.8 - 2.5)1, where Пп is the height column of molten material. what b. The device according to claim 5, which differs in that the accumulator of the specified reduced metal has an outlet (M hole is made at its bottom. 7. The device according to claim 5, which is characterized by the fact that the device is made with the possibility of rotation around its horizontal axis. what 8. The device according to claim 5, which differs in that its side wall is located at a distance of (3 - b)dz from the nearest pair of specified plasmatrons. 9. The device according to claim 5, which differs in that the distance between each further pair of additional plasmatrons is equal to (Z -- b)dv. - and? -i (95) -i (o) (42) ime) 60 b5