UA67160U - Receiving module of solid microwave bridge for pulse electronic parametric resonance coherent spectrometer of 8 millimeter range - Google Patents

Abstract

A receiving module of solid microwave bridge for pulse coherent spectrometer of electron paramagnetic resonance range comprises an attenuator, low-noise amplifier protected against pulse signals by a limiter and a switch, a balance mixer and a video amplifier. In addition, at the low-noise amplifier output a second balance mixer having phase shift for 90° relative to the first mixer is installed, as an amplifier two-channel video-amplifier is installed.

Description

the Bruker company developed the spectrometer Brapa Ryivze ERA/AMOOV Bresigoteieg apa She

EPR series E 600/680, which works in the MU - range of Itriyetepiayop oi Aimapsey Ope-apa /-Tmo- frequencies (95 GHz) with the power of microwave pulses up to Oitepsiop! Ryize ERA Meipodoiodu", 9. Madp. 100 mW. At the same time, pulsed EPR spectrometers Vesop. mine. 149, pp. 196-203, 2001; S. E. Yuamoiv, in the intermediate frequency range, which is 8 mm diapa- P .E. UOYuop, V.M. Neutap, O-bapa Riizei EIIesigop of frequency zones (0- range), still remain little Zrip-Esnpo Zresigoteieg apa 5 Arriisayop developed, despite the fact that it is from the point of view of EMOOVA apa EBEEM", 9 ). Madp. Don't remember Oh, mine. 119, in terms of sensitivity and resolution compared to 38-44, 1996). nannies with X and M/-frequency ranges is optimal. The disadvantage of using LEH in transmission and measurement of EPR spectra in a continuous rhenium module of a microwave bridge is the limited press in this frequency range has already become quite the resource of its operation (from 500 to 1500 times) , high routine task. In addition, the low cost, noise level, the need for adjustment and adjustment of the O-band microwave components and the possibility of amplifier during installation and in the process of applying a permanent magnet make this range very attractive. However, despite the amplifier under the influence of magnetic fields, great on the attractiveness of this range, in the world there is li- power consumption and high price. The indicated shortcomings are only a few pulsed EPR spectrometers, which are solved by using a solid-state emitter in the 8-millimeter wavelength range. silicon-based conductor amplifier

Among them, two work at high microwave (5i) avalanche diodes (LEDs) - see L.V. For the power factor, see I. Sgotom, y. Zpape, 9. Eoigteg, Satkin "Solid-body pulse generator

A. VBakptayotsiip, My. Kogepigmeid, A. Zspmeideg, "A on avalanche-spring diodes of millimeter

O-rapa Riize ERV/AMOOV Bbresigoteieg apa She range of wavelengths" Electron technology, ser.

Itrietepiayop oi Aimapseai Ope-apa / Tmo- Microwave technology, 1998. - Me 2 (468). - pp. 41-47; M.G.

Oitepviopa! Ryive ERA MeiPpodoidodu" 9. Madp. Ishchenko, L.V. Kasatkin, V.M. Tarasyuk, A.V. Tsvir,

Vesop. my. 149, pp. 196-203, 2001; S.E. amoivi, R.M. Rakhmatulin, Yu.K. Rosenzweig, "Impulse

RE. Yuoap, V.M. Noiytap, O-rbapa Riizei EIIesigop coherent semiconductor generator for

Zrip-Espo Zresigoteieg apa 5 Arriisaiop oyu spectrometer zelectron spin zha milli-

EMOSOV apa EBEEM", 9. Madp. Vezop. A, my. 119, meter range voln". - Radioelectronics, pp. 38-44, 1996) and one combined spectrometer 2000. - Me 8. - P. 50-55). In this case, functions

ЕГЕХ5У5 E 580, which is serially produced by the modulator and amplifier of microwave power left by "Bruker" (Germany) with the possibility of being measured separately. For amplitude modulation

In the X and O frequency ranges with a low microwave power, products are used on the axis of the pulse, which is only 1 W, in the O range, new RIM diodes are used, and the amplification of the pulses is carried out by Ivid frequencies. R. Noieg, K. Nei, O.S. Maieg, I. is an LED-based device.

Riizesagy 0., ZsptaIreip 0. "Te vyreg O-ET Use of solid-state semiconductor

Assezzogu", ViyKeg Viobrip StRN, ERA Oimiviop; of a silicon LED-based amplifier in

Advertisement ET-ERA Bbresigoteig E 580, EI ЭХ5У5, transmission module has the following advantages:

Vhykeg). warranty resource, which is confirmed periodically

Taking into account the fact that the main characteristic exams are no less than 10,000 ristikas, which determine the level of quality of pulse hours; the noise level of the EPR spectrometer is much smaller and stable during its typical operational life; moduli and sensitivity, the main problem with microwaves, do not require any adjustment and adjustment of O-band pulse spectrometers; resistance to the influence of magnetic frequencies remains the choice of microwave design; microwave modules are connected to one stable bridge, which consists of a transmission-based power source from an energy-consuming and receiving module (PPM). The general acceptance is much smaller than that of LBV; low cost. tsip of building a pulsed microwave bridge The well-known design of the transmission module is implemented according to the following scheme: the reference gene- of the microwave bridge | see patent of Ukraine for rotor, amplitude modulator, microwave amplifier utility model (application) i201012322 from the power, and also connected to the resonator 10/18/2010 Kalabukhova K.M., Sitnikov 0.0. A flower

Microwave receiver of ESL signals reflected from the reson- A.V., Ishchenko M.G., Oliynyk V.V. "Transmission torus consisting of an amplifier, a detector and a microwave bridge module for a pulse device that registers ESL signals of a coherent electron paramagnetic spectrometer

The reference generator works in continuous thread resonance of the 8-mm range in the long-term mode. The amplitude modulator forms pulses from the microwave power of the microwave, which is built on the basis of high oscillations of the reference generator, which are then sent to the microwave power amplifier. The function consists of the diode reference generator of the modulator and the Hann microwave power amplifier , two discrete phase shifters with discrete can be combined in one device. Thus, with 90" and 180", valves, two high-speed devices are, for example, an electro-vacuum sub-amplitude RIM modulators, a two-cascade impeller on a traveling wave tube (TLW). A well-known design amplifier based on silicon LEDs, a pulsed microwave bridge, in which an amplitude detector and an attenuator are used.

LBH, see Y. Sgotom, y. ZPpape, u. Roteg, K. power in a pulse up to 20 W with time resolution

Vakptayyutsiyip, We. NVogepigmueid, A. Zspmeideg, "A They are 108sec and allow the use of the receiver module of the microwave bridge without the use of a super-pulse EPR spectrometer of a two-channel phase-heterodyne amplification circuit for sensitive detection of EPR signals. The exception is the EGEH5ZU5 E 580 spectrometer , what

In commercial EPR spectrometers, such as those produced by the Bruker company, see EGEH5U5 lo, phase-sensitive detection of Zresigoteieg Zepev, VASHKEV, EPR signals is used, which involves the use of cohe- pEr:u/lumlyu.rgikeg.de|Y, in which a radio microwave source is used. In this case, the signal is a superheterodyne circuit of a microwave bridge. from the microwave source is divided into two parts: This is due to the fact that such a scheme allows the construction of one part serves as a signal that triggers the combined EPR spectrometer, which can transmit module, and the second part is fed to operate at 9 and 35 GHz . At the same time, in the reference arm to the balanced mixer, the frequency of the heterodyne module, which provides coherent detection, is 9 GHz, which is selected as an intermediate frequency. turing of the EPR signal. Thus, the choice of homodyne scheme supports

At the same time, the homodyne ESL signal can be used for the receiving module im- or the superheterodyne signal amplification scheme of the pulse microwave bridge with the operating time

EPR The homodyne amplification scheme assumes that 35 GHz is the most optimal, which can exist in the microwave bridge scheme of the reference to ensure a high level of sensitivity of the spectrum in order to bring the power to the detecting tra and reliability in operation with a small number of elements. In heterodyne (or superheterodyne) elements and low cost. amplification scheme uses two microwaves. For the prototype, a well-known pulse frequency design was chosen - a signal generator (50) and a Gels microwave bridge based on a high-therodyne (HO). The power of the GO can be generated by a powerful solid-state two-cascade pulse directly or a part of the amplifier can be used (see I. Tkasi, A. VaIdapzygep, E. generator power 50, mixed with the frequency of the generator, Kaiiarikpom, 5. GiKip, A. Ziypikom, A. Tvmig, M. nerator of intermediate frequency. The frequency of 50 serves Ivspepko, My. Nosepygmeid, E. Vodypeg "Pottery for irradiating the sample under study. Reflected EBZE-zresigoteieg rays op a podp rozeg O-rap from the resonator, the power of ZO is mixed with GO , which tests rgidde", U. Arri. Madp. Nev. moi. Z5, yr. gives an intermediate frequency that is amplified and detected 95-112, 2008), in which the receiving module will be built to extract a useful EPR signal. bath according to the homodyne scheme. It consists of ate-

The main advantage of heterodyne reception is that, as a low-noise amplifier, the amplification of the EPR signal is protected from pulse signals by a limiter and an intermediate frequency that is significantly higher than that used by a switch, a synchronous detector based on a homodyne amplification scheme . Noises of a balanced mixer and single-channel video amplifiers at such amplifier frequencies. but smaller due to the absence of the I/ type component. This is the design of the receiving module according to

The main disadvantage of the heterodyne bridge is the advantages of its low cost, high sensitivity, reliable cost, a larger number of elements, complexity of operation, ease of control, which ensures ease in their manufacture and adjustment. the possibility of measuring ESL signals

The scheme of a microwave bridge with heterodyne in the application of two -, three - and multi-pulse reception is more suitable for high-frequency pulse sequences at the power of EPR spectrometers, namely for a spectrometer with a power of up to 20 W and a minimum duration of pulses with an operating frequency of more than 50 GHz , when it is difficult to do so - up to 20 ns. The main disadvantage of this scheme is that it is not independent of the frequency (see .M/. Mogieu, G.S. Vgypei, apa 3. provides experiments with cyclic Toi maps. // A It is supported by the change of the phases of active pulses with a discreteness of 90" and, therefore, the scheme does not have the possibility of a double channel. ) detection of signals 064703 (1-5), 2008; R. Sa, V. Neiyid, O. S. Maieg, R. ESL, which allows conducting experiments with Fu-

Noteg, O0. 5zsptaireip // Tpe M/-brapa romeg irdgade rye transformation. The task of a useful model is to create such a

Segtapu)| in comparison with the homodyne circuit, which is a rdobody microwave bridge, which is used in commercial low-frequency cutting of low cost, high sensitivity, on EPR spectrometers. This became possible due to the validity and low cost. The current existence of generator modules will allow experiments with two-, three- and many- with a high level of stability of the output power by a pulse sequence of signals from the Fourier transform.

Go V.N. Ivanov, V.M. Kovtonyuk, N.S. Raevskaya // creation with a pulse power of up to 20 W at

Development of the design and manufacturing technology of the minimum duration of pulses up to 20 ns. Hanna diodes for microwave therapy//Integral The set task is solved at the expense of current schemes! semiconductor device. - Me 3. - what is in the receiving module of the pulse TV. 55-57, 2004| and modern low-noise subsatellite microwave bridge, which components (see, for example, the products of the Adiyi company are made from an attenuator, a low-noise amplifier

Tesppo!odiev, my dear. adiyepi.sot/zetisopaisiogv, (MSHP), protected from impulse signals limited

Zepez NI MA om Moiize Atriyegv, m/mliu.phi.sot), which chewer and switch, of a balanced mixer allow to ensure a high level of sensitivity and video amplifier, at the output of the MSHP, a second balanced mixer is additionally installed, which has 1. UHF power of the supporting arm about phase shift by 90 relative to the first, and as a power supply - 10 mW. a two-channel video amplifier is installed in the receiver. 2. The depth of signal control in the receiver. module no less than 25 dB

The two-channel detection scheme provides 3. The signal level at the output of the amplitude detec- output two signals, the ratio between which 100 mV contains information about the phase of the reflected from MSHP: "With dB; h) oscillations. It is carried out with the help of 6. The power at the output of the protective device of two balanced mixers, the reference oscillations for when the falling power does not exceed 5 W, which have a phase shift between them by 907 for 11 mW. input of the same name (so-called quadrature detector) and a two-channel video amplifier. input of a signal with a power of 5 W is not changed

The process of the phase cycle consists in repeating more than 300 ns. of a pulse sequence with identical set- 8. Conversion losses by balanced mixtures of pulse duration and time intervals between 8.0 dB. them, but with specified changes in the phases of the active pulses. 9. Signal power at the heterodyne input. The importance of changing the phases of active pulses is balanced mixers 10-12 mW. in that the useful ESL signals follow 10. The output resistance on the output of the intermediate frequency of the pulse phase and therefore are stored in the memory of comp'- balance mixers of 50 Ohms. computer, and parasitic signals do not depend on phase 11. The transmission coefficient of the video amplifier is 36 pulses and therefore mutually cancel each other at the end - 4-39 dB in the 82 MHz band. phase cycle and do not appear in the resulting microwave bridge for pulse coherent spectrum. Thus, it is possible to carry out a selective EPR spectrometer that works as follows. tion of useful ESL signals. In addition, the multi-impu- The output power of the reference generator 100 mW lsni one-dimensional and two-dimensional Fourier experiments is divided into two parts. One part of the sig-transformation is carried out by cyclic nal is used as a signal that triggers phase changes of active pulses. transmission module, and the second part - for living

The drawing shows the transmission scheme of two balanced mixers of the receiving and receiving modules of the pulsed two-module microwave bridge of the pulsed spectrum-body microwave bridge. The EPR transmitter, which provides a coherent detection module, consists of a reference (reference) signal of the spin echo (see drawing). For the Hann diode generator (1), two discrete frequency controls of the reference generator, a small phase shifter (2, 3) assembled on circulators, part of the generator power (1-2 mW) of the taps of the high-speed amplitude RIM is modulated to the frequency meter (see drawing). A part of the torus (4), a powerful two-stage pulsed output power of the reference generator, that of the super-amplifier (5), the amplitude detector (6) and goes to the transmission module, goes to the attenuator (7) to adjust the power on two phase shifters, with the help of which the phase sig- outputs of the two-stage amplifier. The two-stage amplifier can be set as follows: 0" - 0"; the pulse amplifier is assembled on two stages 02 - 902, 02 - 1807, which makes it possible to obtain two-flight 5 and LPDs. The number, duration and time-cyclic change of the phase of active pulses (07, 907, 180", the total repetition of set pulses is set to 2707). After the phase shifters, the signal is transmitted through two TTL pulse amplifiers. Control of the output of the RIM modulator is fed to the high-power pulse amplifier is carried out by a two-stage pulse amplifier. with the help of an amplitude detector (6), the location, number, duration and frequency of repetition of the output of the amplifier. of pulses is set by the pulse controller.

Next, the pulse signals pass through the circulator (9) Then the pulse signals pass through the circulator to the resonator (8). Microwaves are related to the resonator (see drawing). The microwave power reflected from the resonator reaches the left power reflected from the resonator of the receiver module. The receiving module is similar to the receiving module of the pulse consists of an amplitude detector (6) for a microwave bridge, where with the help of two waves of signals reflected from the resonator (8), atlantic mixers, the quadrature of the nuator (7) is carried out to adjust the power of the detection signals ESL signals. The echo signal and the reference signal at the output of the resonator, MSHP (12), protected from it, are mixed and converted into pulse signals by a protective device, which deosignal, which is amplified by a two-channel vi- consists of a limiter (11) and a deoamplifier switch and is directed to the integrator (10), which is controlled by TTL pulses, two or- with a narrow-band filter. to-mode balanced mixers (14) on diodes The active element of the balanced mixer

Schottky and two-channel video amplifier (15). selected Schottky diode. The balance mixer has

As an example, made by the authors according to the property of suppressing amplitude modulation by the proposed useful model, the receiver of the signal that enters the heterodyne (large-module solid-state microwave bridge for co-signal) input, which contributes to the improvement of the EPR impulse coherence spectrometer 8 signal-to-noise ratio (its heterodyne millimeter range of wavelengths has the following component). Improvement of the own ratio of the technical characteristics: signal/noise is achieved by using the MSHP, which is optimized for working with signals of very low - by measuring ESL spectra from two-, three- and side-levels. Since it is very vulnerable to a long-pulse sequence with Fourier overvoltage signals coming from the transmitter with a pulse power of up to 20 W, the minimum part of the bridge, it is necessary to use special slow-pulse durations of up to 20 frequency of his protection virgins. To do this, set a repetition of 1 kHz at its input. A limiter and a switch are used to protect the pulse amplifier from powerful pulses reflected from the solid-state microwave bridge of the 8 mm diaphragm resonator, and are controlled by TTL pulses. zone of wavelengths, it is possible to conduct experiments

Thus, the design of a receiver with a multi-pulse sequence from the Funey module of a pulsed microwave bridge with rie conversion while maintaining a low homodyne circuit is presented due to the installation of a second-cost, high sensitivity, reliability in operation and a balanced mixer, which has a phase a shift with a small number of elements, the simplicity of steering the 907 compared to the first, and two-channel video. of the amplifier allows you to conduct experiments with photo tya tzh yuki AYUYU ЖЖ жк я ж я ж Как, en naluU ; Tree ettnymy wife still annuity and;

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