UA65166A - Protected container for the transportation of solid radioactive and other ecologically dangerous waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed protected container for the transportation of solid radioactive and other ecologically dangerous waste contains a casing with a cover, which provides tightness of the container, and facilities for handling operations with the container. The walls, bottom, and cover of the container are made of reinforced concrete. To reinforce the concrete, a three-dimensional frame is used that is assembled from reinforcing bars 6 ... 16 mm. The concrete mix contains basalt fibers 0.2 ... 0.6 mm in diameter. The weight of the basalt fibers is 3 ... 5 % of the weight of the concrete mix. The thickness of the walls, bottom, and cover of the container is 150 ... 155 mm.

Description

The invention relates to protective containers and is intended for transportation, safe and long-term storage of solid environmentally hazardous and radioactive waste and can be used in the transportation of solid environmentally hazardous and radioactive waste and their subsequent long-term storage in near-surface storage and/or deep-lying geological formations .

A well-known container for placing biologically harmful substances, in particular, radioactive waste, which has steel reinforcement and consists of a main body with a lid, as well as hanging devices. The main body has an inner and outer shell. The concrete of a thinner outer shell has lower compressive strength than the concrete of the inner shell (11.

The manufacturing technology of such containers requires the use of concrete of different brands and, therefore, different compositions, which significantly complicates their production and requires the presence of two or more forms that are used in sequence when forming different layers of the container body.

In addition, this manufacturing technology does not ensure the integrity of the body, since concretes of different compositions are characterized by different values of shrinkage deformations, which causes the formation of a cavity in the contact zone of such layers of concrete.

The closest in technical essence and in terms of the result achieved is the transport-protective container for burying solid radioactive waste, which includes a body, a hermetic cover made of heavy reinforced cement and rigging units, chosen as a prototype (21.

In addition, in the known container, the walls of the case and the lid are made with a thickness of at least 200 mm, and the case itself is made in the form of a parallelepiped with rounded corners.

Among the reasons that do not allow to achieve the required operational result, namely, reducing the weight of the container and increasing its working volume while maintaining the external overall dimensions, the required level of protective properties, impact strength, crack resistance and ensuring the tightness of the structure after the test for normal conditions of transportation, which include the compression test, free fall and impact test, include the thickness of the walls of the case and the cover, the value of which should be at least 200 mm.

This minimum value of the thickness of the case and lid of the container is determined by the design features of its reinforcement, in particular, the use of heavy reinforced cement, reinforced with several horizontal layers of wire reinforcement and vertical meshes that form cells between themselves (21.

At the same time, the efficiency of transportation, long-term storage and burial of solid environmentally hazardous and radioactive waste is determined by the ratio of the total working volume of the containers and the volume occupied by the transport-protective containers themselves, and increases with a decrease in the thickness of the walls and lid of the container, and therefore , with an increase in the working volume of the container with unchanged external dimensions.

The invention is based on the task of improving the protective transport container for environmentally hazardous and radioactive waste through the use of combined reinforcement, which includes a three-dimensional reinforcing frame made of reinforcing rods 5-1 mm thick and dispersed reinforcement, which is evenly distributed throughout the volume concrete This makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the cover, walls and bottom of the container body to 150-155 mm, to increase the radiation absorption coefficient of the container structure from 5 to 8 times, i.e. by 6095, to increase the internal working volume of the container by 4595 while preserving its external overall dimensions and main operational characteristics, namely preservation of integrity and tightness after a test under normal conditions of transportation, which includes a test for compression, free fall and impact.

The task is solved by the fact that in a protective transport container for solid ecologically hazardous and radioactive waste, which contains a body on which an airtight lid is fixed, made of concrete and rigging nodes, according to the invention, the lid, walls and bottom of the container are made of concrete with a combined reinforcement, which includes a volumetric reinforcing frame, which consists of reinforcing bars 5-16 mm thick, and dispersed non-metallic reinforcement made of coarse basalt fiber with a diameter of 0.2-0. mm in the amount of 3-5 mass is introduced into the concrete. 9o, and the thickness of the case walls, bottom and cover is 150-155mm.

The new set of essential features is sufficient to achieve the given task. The use of combined reinforcement in the proposed solution using a combination of volumetric reinforcement frame and concrete with dispersed reinforcement in the form of coarse basalt fibers with a diameter of 0.2-0.bmm in the amount of 3-5 mass. 95 allows you to get concrete characterized by the value of the specific work of destruction of 11480-22680kJ/m3 during hardening of concrete under normal temperature conditions, 7840-10640kJ/m? during hardening of concrete during steaming, while the strength of concrete with dispersed reinforcement under impact load is 1484.6-2086.7MPa during hardening of concrete under normal temperature conditions and 1226.9-1429.3MPa during hardening of concrete during steaming. Analogous characteristics of concrete without dispersed reinforcement under conditions of hardening at normal temperatures and during steaming are characterized by the value of specific work of destruction of 2800kJ/m3 and the value of strength under impact load of 733.2 MPa.

Concrete with dispersed reinforcement in the form of coarse basalt fibers with a diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm in the amount of 3-5 mass. 906 for the production of a protective transport container for environmentally hazardous and radioactive waste is manufactured according to a generally accepted technological scheme that includes dosing and mixing of cement, aggregates and coarse basalt fibers. After mixing, the prepared concrete mixture is placed in a form, to which a volumetric reinforcing frame is installed in advance, which consists of reinforcing bars with a thickness of 5-1 mm. At the end of the molding process, the form filled with concrete is sent to steaming, after which the formwork of the finished container is carried out.

Figures 1 and 2 schematically show a transport-protective container for solid environmentally hazardous and radioactive waste, the body of which has the shape of a parallelepiped with rounded corners, the lid of which is attached to the body with a hardening solution for monoplating; in fig. 3 and 4 - a container, the body of which has the shape of a parallelepiped with rounded corners, the cover of which is attached to the body with fixing fastening elements; in Fig. 5 and 6 - a container, the body of which has the shape of a cylinder.

The transport-protective container for solid ecologically hazardous and radioactive waste (each of the options) contains a body 1, a hermetic cover 2 and rigging units C for moving the container. The body 1 of the container can have the shape of a parallelepiped with rounded corners 4 (fig. 1, 2 and 3, 4) or the shape of a cylinder (fig. 5, 6). The cover 2 is attached to the body 1 with fastening elements, for example, bolts 5 (fig. 3, 4 and 5, 6), or it is sealed with a hardening solution, which is located in the gap 7 between the body and the cover of the container and ensures the sealing of the container capacity. For the same purpose, a seal 8 is placed between the body 1 and the lid 2 of the container, the lid of which is attached to the body by fastening elements 5 (fig. 3, 4 and 5, 6). The lid 2, walls 9 and bottom 10 of the body 1 are made of concrete with combined reinforcement, which includes a volumetric reinforcing frame 11, which consists of reinforcing bars 12 with a thickness of 5-1 mm, and dispersed non-metallic reinforcement made of coarse basalt fiber with a diameter of 0.2-0. mm in the amount of 3-5 mass is introduced into the concrete. 95. Lid 2, walls 9 and bottom 10 of container 1 are made with a thickness of 150-155 mm.

Determination of the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete of ordinary composition and concrete with dispersed reinforcement in the form of coarse basalt fibers with a diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm in the amount of 3-5 mass. 95 are performed according to the method (ZI, given in the table.

Table

Specific work of destruction and strength under impact loading of the studied compositions after loading, kg/cm, after

Percentage of I I normal at 952C normal at 952C conditions 28 days 8 hours conditions 28 days 8 hours

Without dispersed reinforcing component 2800 2800 733.2 733.2

With reinforcing component - coarse curl 5 22680 10640 2086.7 1429.3

The given results indicate that the introduction of a dispersed reinforcing component in the form of coarse basalt fibers with a diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm in the amount of 3-5 wt. 95 allows to increase the value of the specific work of destruction of concrete that hardens at normal temperature by 4.2-8.1 times, the value of the specific work of destruction of concrete that hardens by steaming by 2.8-3.8 times. At the same time, the strength of concrete under impact load increases by 2.0-2.8 times and by 1.7-2.0 times, respectively. Such an increase in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the concrete of the container allows to reduce the thickness of the walls of the container body, bottom and lid to 150-155 mm, and therefore to increase the working volume of the container with unchanged external dimensions.

In addition, the use of reinforcing rods with a thickness of 5-1 mm in the reinforcement of the container leads to an increase in the absorption coefficient of radioactive radiation from 5 to 8 times, that is, it increases the protective properties of the container by 6095.

Environmentally hazardous and radioactive solid waste intended for transportation, long-term storage or burial are loaded into the body 1 of the container, which is closed with a lid 2. After loading the solid waste into the container, the lid 2 of which is attached to the body with fasteners (fig. 3, 4 and 5 , 6), for example with bolts 5, the bolts are tightened. After loading solid waste into the container, the lid 2 of which is attached to the body 1 with a solution for monoplating 6 (fig. 1, 2), after installing the lid, a solution for monoplating 6 is poured into the gap 7 between the case and the lid, after which the container is installed on the pre-exposure platform and is there until the solution solidifies. Lifting and moving the container is carried out by lifting and transport mechanisms of the appropriate load capacity by hooking the rigging nodes 3.

The proposed design of the container provides: - Increase of the working volume by 4590; - reduction of specific costs for transportation and storage of a unit mass of solid ecologically hazardous and radioactive waste; - Increasing the absorption coefficient of radioactive radiation from 5 to 8 times; - compliance with national (GOST 16327-88) and international safety requirements for transport packages for solid radioactive waste.

Sources of information: 1. Application OE O5 3321250, MPZ 021E5/00, 13.12.84. 2. Patent VO 2056653, MP 9 5/005, 20.06.96. 3. Butt Y.M., Tymashev V.V. Workshop on chemical technology of binding materials. M., "Higher School", 1973, 504b.

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Claims (1)

Transport-protective container for solid ecologically hazardous radioactive waste, containing a body on which a hermetic cover is fixed, made of concrete, and rigging units, which is characterized by the fact that the cover, walls and bottom of the body are made of concrete with combined reinforcement, which includes "capacity reinforcing frame, consisting of reinforcing bars 5-16 mm thick, and dispersed non-metallic reinforcement made of coarse basalt fiber with a diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm in the amount of 3-5 mass.9o is introduced into the concrete composition, and the thickness of the walls of the body, bottom and lid is 150-155 mm.