UA65019A - A method for reprocessing lead accumulators - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for reprocessing lead accumulators involves processing (breaking) accumulators, transportation (transfer) of processing products for heavy medium separation in the grading bath, separation of crushed cell jars and separators (organics) from the product containing lead, and transfer thereof for washing and drying. Cell jars being previously totally top-up with electroconductive liquid, filling orifices being closed with plugs, treatment being performed in the air medium of void processing chamber disposed directly above the grading bath by building an electrohydraulic pulsed discharge with voltage of 200-1000 V at pulse energy of discharge W?mp in joules, which is numerically equal to 8-20-fold capacity of accumulator to be processed, Qác in ampere-hours inside hermetically closed accumulator filled with electroconductive liquid, and the pulsed discharge being built by connecting the pulsed current source to terminals or to the accumulator intermediate connecting plates. Furthermore, the cell jar being used as the process vessel, and the lead plates of the accumulator are used as discharger, and transportation (transfer) of reprocessing products for grading being performed by free fall thereof in the grading bath with heavy medium suspension disposed below where after organic floating-up it is removed with scrapers, and product containing lead and settled on the bath bottom being removed as it is accumulated, and W?mp is equal to 8-20 Qac.

Description

The intended invention belongs to non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular to methods of processing raw materials containing lead, and can be used in secondary non-ferrous metallurgy.

There is a well-known method of preparing scrap lead-acid batteries, according to which batteries are processed by cutting off the cover with terminals on a special machine with a circular saw or on guillotine shears, followed by manual pouring of the contents of cans (monoblocks) onto sorting tables and manual sorting of processing products (V.G. Kopach, A.V. Korelyakin and others, "Colorful Metals" magazine, 2001, Mov, pp. 37-41).

The disadvantage of this method is the unsatisfactory working conditions of workers engaged in sorting, and insufficient productivity of the method.

There is a known electro-hydraulic method of crushing and grinding various materials by immersing the crushed materials in a process vessel with a liquid, below the level of which a discharger with electrodes is fixed, connecting the electrodes to a pulse current source and creating a high-voltage pulse discharge in the inter-electrode gap, which is accompanied by the formation of a hydrodynamic shock wave , which destroys the integrity of the crushed material. (Electro-hydraulic device for crushing, grinding and regeneration of various materials. Patent of Ukraine Me12078, IPC VO2С19/18).

The disadvantages of this method when used for crushing batteries include low crushing efficiency due to the creation of an electro-hydraulic discharge outside the crushed material, the need to apply high voltage of 10-50KV and, as a result, an increased risk of electric shock, which requires the use of additional expensive measures security

There is also a known method of preparing scrap lead batteries for metallurgical redistribution by processing batteries with the help of two-stage crushing in single-roll and hammer crushers, wet sieve sieving on a vibrating screen with the production of under-sieve oxide-sulfate lead concentrate of -5mm fraction and over-sieve product of -5mm fraction. containing metallic lead and pieces of monoblocs and separators (organic). The over-sieved product is further sent for sorting in a heavy-medium suspension. An oxide-sulfate concentrate is used as a weighting agent.

The settled lead, after washing and drying, is sent to remelting, and the floating organic matter (after separation of polyvinyl chloride separators and ebonite) is sent to battery plants for reuse. (Y.P. Kupryakov, Production of heavy non-ferrous metals from scrap and waste, Kharkiv, "Osnova" publishing house at

Kharkiv State University, 1992, pp. 118-128).

The disadvantage of this prototype method is the high cost of processing, due to the complexity of the used technologies for battery processing and sorting of final products and the presence of a large number of transfer operations.

The invention is based on the task of increasing productivity and reducing the cost of recycling lead batteries.

The task is achieved by completely filling battery banks with conductive liquid, filling holes are closed with corks, processing is carried out in the air environment of an empty working chamber, which is installed directly above the sorting bath, by creating an electro-hydraulic impulse discharge inside the hermetically sealed battery, which is filled with conductive liquid with a voltage of 200-10008 at a pulse energy in the discharge channel of M/mp In joules numerically equal to (8-20) times the capacity of the battery being processed, Sac in ampere-hours,

MUimp-(8-20)Oak, the pulse discharge is created by connecting the pulse current source to the terminals but to the intermediate connecting bars of the battery, while the bank is used as a technological processing vessel, and the lead plates of the battery - as a discharger, transportation (transmission) processing products for sorting are made by their free fall into the lower sorting bath with heavy-environment suspension, where after the floating of organics, it is removed with scrapers, and the product containing lead, which has settled to the bottom of the bath, is removed as it accumulates.

As an electrically conductive liquid, which is previously poured into the battery, a heavy environment suspension is used, and as a liquid for preparing a suspension with an oxide-sulfate weighting agent, an electrolyte from batteries that have been processed previously is used.

At the same time, as a source of pulsed current, a block of capacitors with a capacity of 2.5-7.5 thousand microfarads is used for an operating voltage not less than the applied highest initiating voltage in the discharge channel.

Filling cans with liquid, closing the filling holes with corks and carrying out a pulse discharge inside the closed battery allows you to use almost all the energy of the discharge to pulse increase the pressure inside the can and, as a result, reduce the pulse discharge energy MUmp required for battery fragmentation to a value numerically equal to (8-20) - multiples of the capacity of the battery being processed, Sak in ampere-hours, M/imp-(8-20)O)ac. At the same time, this makes it possible to eliminate the need to use massive and expensive crushers for processing batteries, and to dispense with the light metal structure of the empty working chamber, which is installed directly above the sorting bath with heavy-environment suspension, to combine them into a single device and to eliminate the additional operation of transporting (transferring) products processing for heavy medium separation.

The use of lead plates of the battery as a discharger allows to reduce the length of the discharge gap to 4-bmm, and due to this, to reduce the necessary initiating voltage of the impulse current to 200-10008, which does not require additional measures of safe operation.

The use of an electrically conductive heavy medium suspension from a sorting bath as a pre-filled liquid in the battery allows the suspension to be used to perform additional useful functions, as well as to further reduce the initiating voltage of the impulse discharge due to the electrical conductivity of the suspension.

The use of a capacitor unit with a capacity of 2.5-7.5 thousand microfarads as a source of pulsed current (the operating voltage must be at least the highest initiating voltage in the discharge channel, used when processing batteries) allows you to regulate the energy of the pulsed discharge and perform processing in safe conditions at low voltage without the additional costs of safety equipment required when using installations for voltages above 10008.

Let's consider an example of the implementation of the proposed method.

In fig. the technological scheme of recycling lead batteries is presented.

Accumulators 1, which are being processed, are filled with a reversible heavy-environment suspension from the sorting bath 2 and the filling holes are closed with plugs. The communication wires from the switch 4 of the pulse current source 5 are connected to the terminals C or to the intermediate connecting lead plates of the battery.

The connected battery is fed through a closable slot into an empty working chamber 6, closed on all sides (except the bottom), which is located above the sorting bath 2 with heavy medium suspension, and installed on supports.

As a source of impulse current 5, three blocks 7 of twenty-five capacitors connected in parallel with a capacity of 100 μF each for an operating voltage of at least 10008 are used (for example, capacitors of the type KT 75-40-1600-100; Kt 75-40-14000-100; Kt 75-18-1000-100 or other similar). The capacity of each block of capacitors 7 is equal to 2500 μF. The total capacity of the pulse current source 5, depending on the number of capacitor blocks 7 connected in parallel, can be equal to 2500, 5000 or 7500μF. The charge (accumulation of energy) of the pulse current source is carried out from the rectifier 8 with an adjustable charge voltage from 200 to 10008.

After charging, the pulse source 5 is switched using the switch 4 to discharge through the rechargeable battery 1, which is located in the working chamber 6, and a pulse electric discharge at a voltage of 200-10008 is made inside the hermetically sealed battery, which is filled with an electrically conductive liquid.

The maximum size of the broken pieces of the battery at different pulse discharge modes and the Mmp/Oak ratio are given in the table.

Capacity Energy Nominal capacity of the batteries being processed, C), A-h of the capacitor| pra | The energy is oomulsifying. 3323121 501 80 HER 90 | 132 K

C, microf of the charge of the charge | discharge . . . . capacitor voltage at K.P.D. Mimp Max, Miimp size. Max, Miimp size. Max, Mmp size. Max, size Miimp Max, size M breakdown m,v k-t j p-85oo, | From crushed) a crushed and crushed) o crushed 7) crushed a monlenrator, 2 Mimp, J ak pieces ak pieces ak pieces ak pieces ak pieces ;

SHHA - 3 - zvo | from 60 | 306 Sh|2555| 30 |61| 743 |51| 152 | of 198 | 625 | 53 | | 06! 96 |89| 95 |59| 138 |40| 168 of the 62nd | 961 | 817 | | (U |164| 61 |136Y 62 |91Y| 92 |621| 145 4 760 | 1444 | y227 | | -|B |224| 42 |205| 46 |136! 73 /|93| 89 6, 850 | 1806 | 1535 | | (307! -2g7 |256| with |171| 49 |p6Й 81 |8, 990 | 2450 | g2gov3 | | ((:::ЎМЙМ ЖИ | (B 347! 26 |232| 32 (1581 56 /

ХА - зо | 720 | 62 | | | 124| 68 |702| 92 |62| 137 |46| 158 | 1250 | 1062 | | |328| 28 |178| 48 |118| 80 Sh|801 89 5 620 | 1922 | 1634 | ! (Х(/K/ ІІ ІІ -«/ |272| zo |182| 42 |124| 69 2 |8, 7760 | vv | 2 | ІІ 5 1 11 1 1272, 29 (861 46 113 850 | 3612 | 3070 | HER HER HER 7 her 232| of 6 990 | 490 | 466 | Her HER HER HER her her 6Й 27 22

The analysis of the existing experience of processing batteries in various ways confirms that for the most effective separation of raw materials containing lead from organic matter (monoblocks, separators, etc.), it is necessary to crush batteries to the size of the largest pieces of approximately 40-100 mm.

In our case, with hydroelectric pulse crushing, this corresponds to the power of the electric pulse discharge M/mp in joules numerically equal to (8-20) times the capacity of the recyclable battery, Oak in ampere-hours, MMimp-(8-20)Oak.

When the M/imp/Oak ratio is increased by more than 20, the size of pieces smaller than 40 mm is re-shredded, which leads to an excessive increase in energy consumption.

When the M/MP/COAES ratio is reduced to less than 8, the size of the broken pieces of the battery becomes more than 100-110 mm, which leads to incomplete separation from organic matter and, accordingly, to the loss of lead-containing raw materials.

The pulse current source 5 is switched by the switch 4 to the charge. Crushed pieces of monoblocks and particles of raw materials containing lead, after a pulsed discharge, fall into the sorting bath 2 with a heavy medium suspension with a density of 1.45-1.50, where, after the floating of organic matter (monoblocks, separators, etc.), it is removed with scrapers 9, and the product , containing lead, settles to the bottom of bath 2 and is removed as it accumulates.

Then the process is repeated.

in about, AN

And I and pd it N I zh pe we r ' | x sho I KE. H pe With Oh. | Ч Ч -й рн Й т- 1-3 PEN i N я мя 1 и | - i-y Z i 1 A i z nannya in zro ore

N vh u SHE VV ni en ro o tetu tin yet! She

NI zhk Vazhosredovya shchna Orsnnpika tt t

But UMH, pressure and ONKO

Ide MY entnlnvsi iv i ZHT te te Sp ATY i to van OK -i vvi irkzd, "Mone p EV

Fig. KASHYNMNN ANN

Claims (3)

1. The method of processing lead batteries, which includes the processing (crushing) of batteries, transportation (transfer) of the processing products to heavy-environment separation in the sorting bath, separation of crushed cans and separators (organics) from the product containing lead, and its transfer to washing and drying , which is distinguished by the fact that battery banks are pre-filled with electrically conductive liquid, filling holes are closed with corks, processing is carried out in the air environment of an empty working chamber, which is installed directly above the sorting bath, by creating an electro-hydraulic impulse discharge inside the hermetically sealed battery, which is filled with conductive liquid with a voltage of 200-1000 V at a pulse energy in the discharge channel Mimp in joules numerically equal to 8-20 times the capacity of the battery being processed, Oak in ampere-hours, a pulse discharge is created by connecting to the terminals or to the intermediate connecting bars of the battery pulsed current, while the bank is used as a technological processing vessel, and the lead plates of the battery are used as a discharger, the transportation (transfer) of processing products for sorting is carried out by their free fall into the sorting bath with a heavy environment suspension located below, where after the organic matter floats, it is removed with scrapers , and the product containing lead, which has settled to the bottom of the bath, is removed as it accumulates, and U/imp is 8-20 Oak. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that a heavy medium suspension is used as an electrically conductive liquid that is previously poured into the battery, and as a liquid for preparing a suspension with an oxide-sulfate weighting agent, electrolyte from batteries that have been processed previously is used. 3. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that a block of capacitors with a capacity of 2.5-7.5 thousand μF is used as a source of pulsed current for an operating voltage not less than the applied largest initiating voltage in the discharge channel.