UA63268C2 - Maize combine-harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

A maize combine-harvester comprises corn snappers of rolling type, a stem cutting apparatus with a screw, a conveyer of stems, a shredder, a huller and ear screw. The huller with pressure device is mounted directly behind the rollers of corn snapper and located in front of the ear screw and above the stem screw.

Description

This invention relates to agricultural engineering. It can be used during the development of a harvester to harvest the entire biological crop of corn in one pass of the unit.

The closest in terms of technological process is the well-known corn harvester KSKU - b "Khersonets - 200" taken as a prototype (Combine kukuruzouborochnyi samohodny KSKU - 6. Technical description and instruction on zksploatatsii. Kyiv, "Reklama", 1987), a. with. Meb88453 M.klOo1045/02, 19741121.

The harvester contains channel-type inclined cob-separating devices (with cob separation on fixed plates) with a rotary-type stalk cutting device installed below it, behind which is a stalk auger, followed by a stalk conveyor and a chopper. A cob auger is installed behind the cob separating rollers, then cob conveyors, cob cleaning devices with a device for distributing cobs along the width of the latter, etc.

The disadvantage of such a harvester is that the cobs are delivered to the cob cleaning apparatus in bulk. The devices on the harvester for feeding cobs to fairly large cob cleaning machines do not ensure the necessary uniformity of the distribution of cobs in width and their orientation along the longitudinal axis along the cob cleaning rollers. At the same time, cob cleaning units with devices for distributing cobs across their width are large and very metal-intensive and, at the same time, do not provide the necessary degree of cleaning of corn cobs from wrappers on the combine. Therefore, the cobs are cleaned at stationary points.

The task of the invention is to eliminate the noted shortcomings, namely to ensure a uniform and oriented supply of corn cobs to the cob - cleaning rollers without special feeding and distributing devices, to simplify the technological scheme and design of the combine and to reduce its metallability.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that the cob cleaning device with a pressure device is installed directly behind the rollers of the cob separating device and is placed perpendicular to them, in front of the auger of the cobs and above the auger of the stalks.

In order to preserve the oriented arrival of corn cobs on the cob cleaning rollers, the pressure device of the cob cleaning machine is equipped with disk cob guiders, which are installed above the cob cleaning rollers, on the shaft of the receiving beater between its blades.

To ensure the directness of the process and the compact design of the harvester, the cob cleaning apparatus is made sectional (not continuous), and the cob cleaning sections corresponded to the number of channel-type cob crushing devices.

To increase the stability of the movement of the cobs on the rollers, each cob cleaning section has two pairs of longitudinal rollers that rotate in opposite directions, and the two extreme rollers in the section are placed above the middle ones, forming a trough.

The graphic material explains the essence of the invention: Fig. 1 shows a corn harvester, side view; in Fig. 2 the same, only without a clamping device, top view; Fig. 3 shows a section of the cob cleaning rollers along A-A.

The corn harvester consists of obliquely installed rollers 1, above which the cob separating plates 2 and transport chains 3 are placed. Behind the rollers 1 there is a drive box 4, and under the rollers 1 - a device for cutting stalks, which is made in the form of a rotary cutting device 5 with a horizontal axis of rotation , and an auger b for supplying the leaf-stem mass to the stalk conveyor 12 and the chopper 13. The axis of the rotary cutting device 5 is parallel to the axis of the auger shaft 6. Directly to the cob-separating rollers 1, directly behind the drive boxes 4, a cob-cleaning device 7 is installed with a pressing device, which consists of a receiving beater 9 and pressure floating drums 8. The receiving beater 8 has disk guides 10, which are placed between the blades of the beater.

The cob cleaning rollers in the device 7 are placed in sections after each pair of cob separating device rollers. At the same time, the number of cob cleaning sections 14 corresponds to the number of cob separation devices.

Each section has two pairs of counter-rotating rollers, with the two outermost rollers in the section positioned above the middle ones, forming a trough.

The cob auger 11, followed by the cob conveyor 15, is located directly behind the cob cleaning device.

When the combine moves along the rows, the corn stalks are captured by the conveyor chains Z and brought to the rollers 1. When the rollers 1 rotate in the opposite direction, they clamp the stalks, pump them and tear off the cobs when the latter meet the plates 2. The torn cobs are transported by the chains Z along the plates 2 and further along the body of the box 4 are fed directly to the cob cleaning apparatus 7 with longitudinal rollers. Beater 9 picks up the cobs and feeds them to the cob cleaning rollers. In the case of deviation of the axis of the cobs from the longitudinal direction, the rotating disk guide 10 aligns them and orients them along the cob cleaning rollers, placed sectionally in the form of a chute 14 (the two extreme rollers in the section are above the two middle ones and rotate towards each other), which increases the stability of the movement of the cobs , hence the efficiency of the rollers. The rollers, when rotating, separate the wrappers from the cobs, as well as free leaf-stem impurities and direct them to the auger of the stems 6. Pressing drums 8, pressing the cobs to the rollers, increase the degree of their cleaning and contribute to the steady descent of the cleaned cobs into the auger 11, which collects the cobs from all the cob cleaning machines sections directly installed behind the cob-separating channels. Next, along the conveyor, 15 cobs are fed into the vehicle for their further processing at stationary points.

The cut stalks are collected by the auger 6 and sent to the stalk conveyor 12, then to the chopper 13 and the vehicle.

The advantages of the proposed corn harvester compared to the prototype are as follows: - almost uniform arrival of cobs on the roller of the cob cleaning device is ensured; - due to the directness of the placement scheme of the cob separating rollers and sections of the cob cleaning apparatus rollers with disc guides, oriented feeding of cobs is ensured - with their longitudinal axis along the cob cleaning rollers, which significantly increases the efficiency of the cob cleaning apparatus, i.e. the quality of cleaning cobs from wrappers and impurities.

All this made it possible to simplify the design and reduce the metal consumption of the cob cleaning device due to a more rational collection of wrappers and reducing the length of the rollers, to make the corn harvester simpler and more compact, therefore cheaper and more reliable, due to the exclusion from the design of the combine of side conveyors of cobs and devices for distributing them along the width cob cleaning devices.

Sources of information: 1. KSKU self-propelled corn harvester - 6. Technical description and operating instructions. Kyiv, "Reklama", 1987. 2. Author's certificate of the USSR Mob 88153, M.kl 01045/02, 1974. 4 dl hy tt

LI / and r a How. lyu za: I ou y i YA NO ks ay ze a me Cl y: ho de - vychy: zast kh, Bi y I sa Y svi p u o y v ' Fig 23 y v y /

POD in Tekoechny SCHE gen

Cohen osn g 1 V ee ne Y t

But slssaevnnnoh Ko; he and ze

Fig. 2 2 0 x their i

FO Oh re ore nn she ge g.

Fig.

Claims (4)

1. A corn harvester, which includes inclined roller-type cob separators, a cutting device with a stalk auger, a stalk conveyor, a shredder, a cob cleaning device and a cob auger, which is characterized by the fact that the cob cleaning device is equipped with a pressure device and is installed directly behind the rollers of the cob separation device 1, located directly with them, before the cob auger and above the stalk auger. 2. Corn harvester according to item I, which differs in that the pressing device of the cob cleaning apparatus consists of pressing floating drums and a receiving beater, on the shaft of which disc guides are installed between the blades. 3. The corn harvester according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that the cob cleaning device is made of sections, and the number of cob cleaning sections corresponds to the number of cob separating devices. 4. A corn harvester according to claims 1, which is characterized by the fact that each cob cleaning section has two pairs of counter-rotating longitudinal rollers, and the two outermost rollers in the section are placed above the middle ones, forming a trough.