UA62916C2 - Cartridge for pharmaceutical powder intended for powder inhalers and inhaler for powdered drugs - Google Patents

Abstract

The cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder intended for the powder inhalers provides for string a large amount of the drug doses in the form of the pharmaceutical powder. The cartridge contains the built-in dose supplier with at least one dosing chamber for a specified volume of the drug. The built-in dose supplier is able to move from the filling position to the discharging position in the suborthogonal direction relative to the flow of the pharmaceutical powder. The inhaler for the powdered drugs is also described providing the patients for inhaling the drug with the aspirated airflow. The cartridge described above may also be used in the inhaler for the powdered drugs.

Description

The invention relates to a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder for powder inhalers, designed to store a supply of drugs in case of repeated use of a large number of doses of pharmaceutical powder; this cartridge consists of a built-in dispenser, which contains at least one measuring chamber for storing a predetermined amount of pharmaceutical powder, as well as an inhaler for direct application of powdered drugs, and the drugs can be received by patients using an air stream.

Such reusable pharmaceutical powder cartridges and inhalers are used, in particular, for the treatment of chronic respiratory disorders. A typical field of application of the invention is the treatment of asthma patients. In such cases, the volume of powdered medicine, sufficient for many doses, is packed in a single cartridge for pharmaceutical powder. A cartridge for pharmaceutical powder is inserted into an inhaler, which creates a stream of air with the medicine distributed in it for inhalation by the patient. If the inhaler is used correctly, the desired amount of medicine enters the patient's bronchi and lungs. As a result of using a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder instead of a container, which must be constantly changed in the inhaler, the costs of treatment in this way - in particular, in the case of a long period of treatment - are reduced, since the inhaler can be used repeatedly.

Patents OE-43 19 514 AI and M/O 94/28957 reveal the design of an inhaler with a volume dosing device. The inhaler in question has a built-in accumulator of pharmaceutical powder, which, together with other elements of the inhaler, affects the corresponding parts of this inhaler by releasing the mechanical tension of the pre-tensioned spring. Due to the occurrence of an impulse at the moment of impact of the accumulator on the pharmaceutical powder, the mentioned powder should be compacted, and the accuracy of the dosage should improve. In addition, such mechanical effort excludes the possibility of multiple dosing of the pharmaceutical powder.

Due to the complexity of the design, the inhaler in question is relatively expensive to manufacture, and due to the fact that the accumulator is rigidly integrated, it can only be used as a disposable device. As a result, the costs of appropriate therapeutic treatment with the help of such an inhaler significantly increase.

In OE-42 11 475 АЙ an inhaler is disclosed, which has in its composition a replaceable cassette for drugs containing several doses of drugs in separate chambers. The individual chambers of this cassette are successively emptied of drug doses.

The inhaler in question also includes a dispersing device (disperser), in which the pharmaceutical powder is atomized and distributed in the inhalation air flow in the cyclone chamber using the released kinetic energy. In addition, the air flow, which is "charged" with the pharmaceutical powder, is "surrounded" by the air flow, which does not contain particles of the pharmaceutical powder. Such a constructive finding makes it possible to prevent premature deposition of pharmaceutical powder in the oral cavity and pharynx. Although the inhaler in question is suitable for repeated use, it is relatively expensive due to its complex construction. A disposable medication cartridge is also relatively expensive because it contains many separate parts and is difficult to fill with medication due to the large number of chamber reservoirs.

EP 0 546 996 A2 discloses an inhaler with a built-in drug chamber and an O-shaped dosing carriage with an opening designed for the metered release of drugs from the container. The O-shaped carriage is built into the body of the inhaler and can be controlled by the user from the side of the inhaler where the part of the inhaler intended for inhaling drugs is located. The mentioned invention relates to an air-permeable fragment of a drug reservoir.

U.S. Patent 5,161,524 describes an inhaler with a built-in drug chamber designed to administer a medicinal compound in the form of a dry powder. The design of the inhaler additionally includes a cartridge with a hole designed to discharge a measured dose of dry powder into the air stream.

The inhaler also includes a flip-off valve to prevent backflow of air that already contains a dose of powder. Both the drug chamber and the mentioned mechanism are rigidly integrated into the inhaler body, and during their development neither the possibility of replacement nor the possibility of multiple filling of drugs was foreseen.

Application UUO-93/03782 discloses the principle of operation of the inhaler, the design of which provides for the dosing of a mainly powdery drug for inhalation and the creation of an inhalation flow. Said inhaler has a blocking device that prevents the dosing of drugs in the event that the powerful air flow is not inhaled by the patient. The inhaler described includes a replaceable pharmaceutical powder cartridge for storing a supply of medication in a built-in cavity. dispenser This dispenser includes a plunger located along the cavity of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge reservoir. At the location of the lower end, the plunger has a lateral measuring chamber that receives a pre-specified amount of pharmaceutical powder. Thanks to the pressure of the piston, the lower end of the plunger is pushed out of the cartridge, and the dosing chamber with the pharmaceutical powder moves into the area of the inhalation tube. When inhaling, the patient forces the pharmaceutical powder into his airways by the draft of the air flow. In addition, the design of the inhaler provides a dose counter.

However, the considered cartridge for pharmaceutical powder has the disadvantage that the plunger with the dosing chamber moves only under the condition of medication supply. Therefore, due to the possible abrasive effect of the pharmaceutical powder, there is a risk of depressurization of the cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder in the area of the insulating sleeve and, thus, uncontrolled consumption of the pharmaceutical powder, or there is a risk of impeding the movement of the plunger, which, accordingly, reduces the degree of reliability of dosing when using the inhaler.

In addition, due to the need to use insulating sleeves and sealing gaskets, the pharmaceutical powder cartridge has a rather complex design and, accordingly, a high cost. In addition, the considered inhaler has the significant disadvantage that the patient's inhalation of the air stream and the initiation of the mechanical action of the dosing plunger must be clearly coordinated. If the dosing plunger is activated too early or too late with respect to the moment of inhalation of the air flow, too little of the powder dose may enter this flow, or it may not enter the flow at all; thus, the patient, especially the elderly or the one who finds himself in a panic state during an acute asthma attack, is often unable to show the necessary coordination of movements and to handle the inhaler.

Application, due to the complex design, it is relatively expensive. A disposable medication cartridge is also relatively expensive because it contains many separate parts and is difficult to fill with medication due to the large number of chamber reservoirs.

MO 92/18188 discloses a drug container and dosing mechanism for a multi-dose inhaler for powder, which allows both large and small doses to be used. The action of the device in question is based on filling the cutout (in the cross section) in the round shaft with a dose of powdered medicine - by rotating the surrounding shaft of the container around this shaft, as well as the hole in the tube that is in direct contact with the dose - by pushing the shaft out of the container. The cavity is filled using a mechanical removable brush provided in the design of the container, which rotates around the shaft together with the medication container. The shaft is installed in the housing of the inhaler, and in order to replace the container, you need to open the housing of the inhaler and pull said container from the shaft. Filling the container with a medicinal substance can be carried out through one of the slots of the shaft that go into the cavity of the container. To ensure normal operation of the mentioned inhaler, the level of the medicinal substance in the container must be lower than the position of the shaft. In one of the implementation options of the inhaler disclosed in this patent, a contact for a digital counter is provided, which, according to the description, should be placed in the inhaler body.

The task to be solved by this invention, therefore, is to create a cartridge for a pharmaceutical powder and an inhaler, due to which the costs of the therapeutic use of a medicinal drug are reduced. In addition, this invention envisages simplicity and reliability of maneuvering the device, which makes it possible to use it even for patients with insufficient coordination of movements and such patients who are in a critical stress state.

The task set before the invention is achieved by means of a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder containing a dosing mechanism and a reservoir for pharmaceutical powder placed in the body, in which, according to the invention, the dosing mechanism is made in the form of at least one dosing container for a predetermined volume of pharmaceutical powder and a dosing carriage installed below the reservoir for pharmaceutical powder with the ability to move at least from the filling position to the emptying position in a substantially transverse direction relative to the direction of flow of the pharmaceutical powder.

In addition, the dosing carriage is installed with the possibility of moving to the powder transport position.

In addition, the dosing carriage is fixed in the powder transport position by spring-elastic parts.

In addition, the pharmaceutical powder cartridge has a cap, inserted in a position limited by the upper edge of the cartridge, which closes the reservoir containing a large number of doses of the pharmaceutical powder, the side wall of the reservoir tapering to take on a funnel shape and passing into the outlet opening at the bottom of the cartridge , a mechanism for supplying purging air, installed on the side outside the tank, to ensure the emptying of the dosing container of the dispenser in the emptying position.

In addition, the mechanism for holding the dispenser is a tube of the dosing carriage installed under the lower part of the tank and contains a movable dosing carriage as a dosing device, and the dosing container is located in the area of operation of the mechanism for supplying purging air for the final emptying of the dosing container, as well as in the area of action of the discharge hole installed in accordance with the purge air supply mechanism.

In addition, the tube of the dosing carriage is open from the sides for most of its length across the direction of movement of the dosing carriage.

In addition, when placing the dosing carriage in the transport position, the dosing capacity of the dosing carriage is located outside the area of the cartridge outlet and the purge air supply mechanism.

In addition, the dosing carriage has an O-shaped cross-section, and on the outer sides of the knees there are slots for engaging the activating mechanism for moving the carriage through the grooves with the side walls of the dosing carriage tube, while the dosing carriage has, at the end facing away from the dosing container, a projecting element with directed home by a stopper for engagement in the corresponding groove, which continues in the longitudinal direction of the base of the cartridge, as well as a key groove for a protrusion (bump) turned to the tube of the dosing carriage, which serves to engage with the upper wall of the tube of the dosing carriage.

In addition, an outer edge protrudes above the upper edge of the cartridge and the cap has a connecting element, which, after inserting the cap, forms a tight hook to the edge and the outer shape of the cap, protruding outside the connecting element, continues above the upper edge of the cartridge and the annular gap in the edge from the inside of the outer edge is wedged within the outer edge of the cartridge.

In addition, the cartridge cap, the dosing carriage and the cartridge with the integrated dosing device are made of thermoplastic material, in the form of parts separate from the dosing carriage.

In addition, the cartridge has an inspection window on its back for monitoring the position of the dosing carriage.

In addition, the upper edge of the cartridge has a built-in device for visual control of the number of spent doses of drugs or the number of doses remaining in the cartridge.

In addition, the visual control device is made in the form of a strip of plastic film or a ring installed with the possibility of movement along the circle formed by the upper edge of the cartridge.

In addition, the strip of plastic film or ring is equipped with teeth to move along the circle formed by the upper edge of the cartridge.

In addition, in the area of the upper edge of the cartridge, there is an annular gap in which the mentioned strips of plastic film or a ring are installed.

In addition, the annular gap is limited to the outside by the outer edge, which has a cut-out in the form of an inspection window at least in one point of the circle formed by it, for external control of the position of the mentioned strip or ring.

In addition, the annular gap is made open at least in one point of the circle formed by it, for placing in it a transmission wheel for moving the mentioned strips or rings.

In addition, the visual control device is equipped with a scale that shows the number of doses of medicine that have already been used, or the amount of medicine that remains in the cartridge.

The task is also achieved by using an inhaler for powder medications, which provides for the delivery of medication to the user by means of an air stream, containing a housing with chambers and one or more air holes and a mouthpiece for inhalation, which, according to the invention, contains a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder with dosing mechanism, which includes at least one dosing container for a predetermined amount of fPharmaceutical powder and a dosing carriage and a device for activating the indicated dosing carriage by moving it from the filling position to the emptying position are placed below the specified container.

In addition, the inhaler additionally contains a locking mechanism to prevent the return of the dosing carriage to the filling position until the dose of powdered medicine is removed from the inhaler.

In addition, the inhaler contains a protective mechanism to prevent the formation of an air flow with a dose of powdered medication before the dosing carriage reaches the emptying position.

In addition, the inhaler contains a visual control device for indicating the state of readiness for immediate discharge of a dose of powdered medication.

In addition, the inhaler contains a visual control device to indicate the state of consumption of the dose of powdered medicine. The inhaler includes a device for removing, from the outside of the inhaler, the readings of the visual control device of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge inserted into the inhaler.

In addition, the visual control device and the reading device of the visual control device of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge inserted into the inhaler are located in the same part of the inhaler as the inhalation mouthpiece.

In addition, the visual control devices and the reading device of the visual control device of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge inserted into the inhaler are located on the inhaler in the user's field of vision when using the inhaler.

In addition, the inhaler contains channels for the passage of one or more air flows and a disperser placed in the mouthpiece, located with the possibility of formation during inhalation of an air flow with a dispersed powder medication surrounded by an external component of the air flow.

In addition, the mentioned passage channels also include a tube for powder, in which there is an additional container for collecting pharmaceutical powder, with the possibility of its metered supply into the mentioned channels.

The inhaler has a removable mouthpiece, a cavity closed with a cap for inserting a pharmaceutical cartridge with a dosing device built into it, and a dosing key on the upper part of the case.

In addition, inside the body and mouthpiece of the inhaler there is a functional transport element with a horizontal and a whole series of vertical sub-elements of the receiving-transmitting mechanism, which interact with the pharmaceutical powder cartridge, after its insertion into the powder inhaler, and with its dosing device and the horizontal receiving surface - a transmission mechanism as part of a functional transport element for an installed cartridge for pharmaceutical powder, while the mentioned surface has through holes that are spatially coordinated with the opening for discharge of the dispenser built into the cartridge for pharmaceutical powder.

In addition, the disperser is connected by a tube for the powder to a through hole in the support surface of the functional transport element, while having details designed to branch off from the air flow supplied to the disperser for dispersing powder medications, a partial air flow without powder surrounding the charged part of the air flow that comes out of the disperser with powder.

In addition, the inhaler contains a pulse transmitter connected to the first vertical sub-elements of the functional transport element, located in parallel at a distance from each other, designed to transmit a mechanical pulse to the inserted pharmaceutical cartridge.

In addition, the inhaler, in particular, contains a dosing lever connected to a second vertical sub-element with two side surfaces of the functional transport element, which are located parallel at a distance from each other, designed to activate (actuate) the dispenser built into the cartridge for pharmaceutical powder, the parts of the mechanism of the dosing key, which pass through the body and the frontal parts of which are connected to certain points of the side surfaces, located in parallel at a distance from each other, of the second vertical element of the functional transport element, while the parts are engaged with the parts of the dosing lever, with the possibility of rotating the dosing lever around its center, and the parts serve to activate (actuate) the impulse transmitter.

In addition, the inhaler, in particular, contains sub-elements of the functional transporting element, which form a valve chamber on the back side of its horizontal part, with an opening in the rear part of the container of the body, the said opening is covered by a folding flap of the valve, connected to the sub-elements of the functional transporting element, at the same time, the valve chamber is connected to the disperser through the air tube, and the tube for the partial air flow is branched from the air tube of the cartridge for pharmaceutical powder to divert the partial air flow through the dispenser into the powder tube, with the possibility of doses of powdered medication from the dispenser into dispersant

In addition, the folding valve leaf has near its upper edge a shaft with outwardly directed trunnions, which are wedged in the bushings of the sub-elements of the functional transport element forming the walls of the valve chamber, while the shaft has a slot with a locking edge, the shoulder is extended upwards from the shaft to the slot, on a hook with a locking edge is structurally provided at the end of the mentioned arm.

In addition, the second vertical sub-element of the functional transport element is an element with two side walls, the inner cross-section of which corresponds to the outer contour of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge inserted into it, and a space is provided between the side walls of the element and the side walls of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge lever and parts of the dosing key mechanism.

In addition, the disperser has a chamber formed by a guide plate in the form of a front wall, a plate in the form of a back wall and fragments of the outer wall located between them, the outer diameter of the mentioned chamber is smaller than the inner diameter of the mouthpiece that surrounds the disperser, as a result of which an annular chamber is formed, which surrounds the chamber, the outer wall of the chamber is divided into bulkheads by a group of slots that continue tangentially into the cavity of the chamber, the outer diameter of the guide plate is greater than the outer diameter of the chamber, thanks to which its edge fits tightly to the inner surface of the walls of the mouthpiece, the guide plate has in the center outlet opening, from which the outlet tube is extended through a truncated-conical connecting element attached to the front side of the guide plate, on the periphery of the guide plate there are through holes that are symmetrically distributed along the circle and through which powder-free air enters from the rings chamber into the space in front of the guide plate, the front end of the powder tube, which starts from the back of the guide plate, is connected outwardly to one of the slots, the rear end of the powder tube, which continues downwards in the direction of the support surface, is made to be fixed in a vertical sub-element of the functional transport element, said vertical sub-element continues down to the inner surface of the housing.

In addition, the surface of each of the partitions that form the outer wall of the chamber facing the inner cavity of the chamber is a continuation of the wall of the slot, due to which the cross section of the chamber is a polygon.

In addition, the first vertical sub-elements of the functional element are arms extending upwards from the horizontal part of the functional element behind the support surface and having bushings in their upper parts, the impulse transmitter has a lever with a hammer-like element extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the powder inhaler, in in the lower part, with the shaft - in the upper part, the directed wool pins of the said shaft enter the bushings in the shoulders, in the lower part of the lever there is a transverse spring element that is laterally displaced and directed upwards, with the possibility of deflection only perpendicular to the impulse transmitter, a drive spring that continues from of the lower part, is soldered to the pulse transmitter.

In addition, the inhaler provides a protrusion with an inclined surface on the transverse spring element of the impulse transmitter, on its side facing away from the lever.

In addition, between the housing wall and the side wall of the element there is a means for activating the visual control device built into the upper edge of the cartridge for pharmaceutical powder in order to check the number of doses spent from the powder pharmaceutical cartridge.

In addition, the means of activation of the visual control device is a gear wheel that fits into said visual control device and is mounted on a pin protruding from the upper edge of the housing, this gear wheel is actuated by a toothed gear connected to a toothed transmission wheel, which has a smaller number of teeth, said gear is installed through an oval hole in the lateral (side) surface of the dosing lever in a sleeve in the side surface of the element of the functional element.

In addition, the parts of the dosing key mechanism are two parallel balancers, the distance between which is slightly greater than the width of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge, as a result of which, during insertion, the pharmaceutical powder cartridge is pushed through the space between the balancers, and the front edges of the balancers are connected to each other mystic, from which the pins continue to both sides in the bushings located in the third vertical sub-elements, the mystic in the frontal part has a stepped bearing for the return spring, the other end of which is fixed in the details on the back surface of the vertical plate of the functional element.

In addition, the parts on the balancers of the dosing key mechanism are pins on the outside of the balancers for engagement on the dosing lever and a protrusion that continues upwards from the other balancer, this protrusion continues beyond the balancer also on the reverse side, to activate the impulse transmitter, the distance between the pins of the drive mechanism and the center rotation of the mechanism of the dosing key is smaller than the distance from the protrusion, to engage the protrusion on the transverse spring element of the impulse transmitter from less pressure on the dosing key than the engagement of the trunnion of the drive mechanism on the dosing lever, with the possibility of unlocking the engagement of the protrusion on the transverse spring element of the impulse transmitter during further movement of the dosing lever up to the engagement of the pin of the drive mechanism.

In addition, the dosing lever has two side surfaces spaced apart from each other, the edges of said side surfaces are connected to each other by spacers, forming an annular element around the cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder, at a distance from it, the trunnions continue outside the side surfaces, in their upper parts, in the bushings of the side walls of the shaft, due to which the dosing lever is centered in the longitudinal direction relative to the powder inhaler, the side surface has an inclined, directed downwards, fixing edge for the drive pin of the dosing key mechanism, the dosing lever has a mechanism for engaging with the dosing a device built into the lower part of the powder cartridge, for fixing the blocking (locking) edge of the slot in the shaft of the folding leaf of the valve and for fixing the blocking edge of the hook on the shoulder, which continues upwards from the shaft to the slot, parts are structurally provided to ensure the possibility of fixing the dosing lever in an average position that is different from its initial position position, as well as in the limit position.

In addition, the dosing lever has on one of its side surfaces a protrusion (bump) for hook engagement with the return spring, and the other end of the return spring is fixed by a hook located on the horizontal element of the functional transport element, the mentioned sub-element forms the upper part of the valve chamber, while the force of the return spring is not sufficient to unlock the locking of the dosing lever in the middle position and in the limit position, but it is sufficient for the possibility of pulling back the dosing lever to the initial position after unlocking the locking in the end position.

In addition, the parts that are located on the dosing lever and serve to engage with the dosing device are fingers that extend from the shoulders, laterally displaced in the annular element against the side surface, and continue down toward each other, through slots in the side shafts of the tube of the dosing carriage into the slots in the side edges of the dosing carriage, which is located with the possibility of movement forward and backward in the tube of the dosing carriage of the dispenser.

The cartridge for pharmaceutical powder according to the present invention can be manufactured in a simple and economical way, which allows the use of cost-effective packaging of drug portions; at the same time, this cartridge is the most convenient to use in terms of hygienic requirements arising after each individual use. After the cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder has been replaced, the inhaler according to the present invention can be used again and repeatedly; in particular, it is also simple and safe to use even by elderly patients.

For the normal functioning of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge before inserting it into the inhaler, it is also advisable to install the dosing carriage in the transport position, in particular, if this carriage is fixed in such a position (transportation) by spring-elastic means. If the drug cartridge according to the present invention needs to be removed from the inhaler, but it is not yet completely emptied, it is advisable for this cartridge to have an inspection window in the lower part, through which the position of the dosing carriage could be checked. In particular, for the use of the device by those patients for whom the medication contained in the pharmaceutical powder cartridge is vital, it is advisable for the pharmaceutical powder cartridge according to the present invention to have a device for visual control of the number of pharmaceutical doses that have already been spent or which remain in the pharmaceutical powder cartridge; it is advisable that the mentioned visual control device is built into the upper part of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge.

An inhaler according to the present invention, which includes a device for activating the dosing carriage of the built-in dosing cartridge for pharmaceutical powder - with the movement of this carriage at least from the filling position to the emptying position - as well as a device for preventing the return of the dosing carriage to the filling position before the drug dose from the inhaler is used up , is, in particular, well protected in the event of incorrect use, especially if the inhaler also includes a device that largely prevents the formation of an air flow that can expel the medicine, in the event that the dosing carriage has not yet fully reached the emptying position. In particular, patients for whom the use of drugs contained in a pharmaceutical powder cartridge according to the present invention is vitally important are especially convinced by the argument that the inhaler according to the present invention includes a visual device that shows that the dose of the drug has already been spent, in particular, if such an inhaler includes a device for external reading of the device for visual control of the state of the cartridge for pharmaceutical powder, which is already inserted into the inhaler.

A particularly attractive aspect of the present invention is that the visual monitoring devices and the device for external readout of the visual monitoring device for the state of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge inserted into the inhaler are placed on the inhaler body in such a way that they are in the patient's field of vision when said patient holds the inhaler in a position convenient for inhaling the medication.

The rest of the useful and favorable properties of the cartridge and inhaler according to the present invention are stated in the additional subclauses of the claims.

The design (according to the present invention) of a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder with a dosing device built into it, an inhaler for powder, which contains a mechanism for activating the doser, as well as a specific dispersant is considered in more detail with reference to the graphic figures.

Figure 1 shows a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder in a vertical section.

Fig. 2 is an image of a vertical section through a cartridge for powder along the line A-A on

Fig1.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in Fig. 1, that is, it shows a cross-section through a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder as seen in the plane mentioned above.

Figure 4 shows a section along the B-B line in Figure 2, that is, it shows a cross section through the powder cartridge in its lower part above the dispenser.

Fig. 5 shows a section along the line GG in Fig. 1

Fig. b6 is a cross section through the cap of a cartridge for a pharmaceutical powder.

Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10 show the projections of the sections of the dosing carriage, that is, the longitudinal sections and the transverse sections, which can be observed from above, below and from the side.

Fig.11 is a horizontal longitudinal section through an inhaler for powder (top view), without a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder.

Fig. 12 is a section along the line DD in Fig. 11, that is, it shows a cross section of the inhaler for the powder (front view), without the cartridge for the powder.

Fig. 13 is a section along the line E-E in Fig. 11, that is, it shows a cross section of the powder inhaler (front view), in the rear part of the case.

Fig.14 is a vertical longitudinal section through a powder inhaler without a powder cartridge, but with a schematically depicted dosing carriage of a dispenser built into the powder cartridge, in the functional position (in the dosing position).

Fig. 15 is an image of a vertical longitudinal section through an inhaler for powder, in which the dosing carriage is placed in the middle position; this figure shows in detail the fixation of the dispenser lever by the elements of the folding leaf of the valve.

Figures 16 and 17 show the dispenser key (side and top views, respectively).

Figures 18, 19, 20 show views of the dispenser lever from both sides.

Fig. 21, 22, 23 shows the folding valve leaf with its blocking elements in different views, (c) - section.

Figure 24 shows a longitudinal section through a dispenser with a powder tube.

Fig. 25 shows a cross-section through the dispenser, that is, a view of the front wall of the chamber (from the middle of this chamber).

The powder inhaler, created for continuous long-term use, is designed in such a way that the cartridge can be easily inserted into a specific position directly by the user after removing the cap from the powder inhaler. In addition, the inhaler for powder according to the invention has a dispersant for pharmaceutical powder; this disperser is easily accessible to the user and can be easily cleaned after removing the mouthpiece installed in the front of the device and connected via a powder tube to the dosing device of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge inside the inhaler body.

The cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder according to the present invention, which can be inserted into the inhaler, has an elongated capacity cavity, which is closed by a cap, which is inserted into the upper part of this container, which causes the repeated use of numerous doses of the pharmaceutical powder; the side wall of the said container cavity narrows in the lower part of the cartridge in the form of a tube towards the outlet opening, which makes possible the communication of the outlet opening with the dosing chamber of the dispenser and the built-in dispenser containing the filling of several cassettes and the tube of the dosing carriage placed between the cassette filling

Its lower part of the capacitive cavity., and whose ends are fitted to the outer circle of the cartridge; ; a dosing carriage that can move back and forth in the horizontal plane, with a dosing chamber fitted to its edge and installed in the tube of the dosing carriage; in the filling of the cartridge there is a hole for discharge of cassettes, laterally shifted relative to the outlet of the container cavity and connected to the hole for air outlet in the upper wall of the tube of the dosing carriage, and a hole for air blowing at the end of the air blowing tube placed on the outer surface of the side wall cartridge.

The pharmaceutical cartridge has a specific convexity in the cross-section for the placement of drugs.

The cross-section of the functional transport element has such a structure that allows the cartridge to be placed in the inhaler.

In the optimal version of the invention, the cartridge for pharmaceutical powder has a built-in device for visual monitoring of the doses of drugs that have been spent. The mentioned visual control device can be built into the upper edge. In this case, the powder inhaler also contains the mechanism necessary to activate the visual control device.

The pharmaceutical powder cartridge visual control device has an upper outer edge made of a mesh-like material that coaxially surrounds the upper edge of the cartridge at a distance, and is offset outwardly from the upper edge such that between the outer surface of the upper edge of the cartridge and the inner surface of the outer edge of the inhaler are formed annular gap, open up. On the outer edge there is a window for visual control, thanks to which you can see the position of the strip of film inserted into the annular gap and decorated with marks, the lower edge of which is made in the form of a series of teeth.

Instead of a strip of film, a plastic ring with labels can be used, which has a lower edge made in the form of a row of teeth. Such a ring is easy to make using molding.

The flange connecting the outer edge to the side wall of the cartridge has a sliding groove which extends into the annular gap for engagement with the gear wheel, thereby enabling horizontal rotation (in the horizontal plane) of the film strip in the annular gap relative to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge.

A strip of film or a plastic ring is decorated with labels that indicate the number of doses of medicine used from the cartridge dispenser and, thus, make it possible to quickly recognize the inevitable end of the supply of pharmaceutical powder. For the practical use of a powder inhaler, it is sufficient that the imminent end of the supply of pharmaceutical powder is quickly and automatically recognized by the user with the help of a corresponding marking on a strip of film or on a plastic ring. This can be achieved, for example, by using color markings that have enlarged numbers or labels at different intervals.

It is enough for the film or ring to move a certain distance each time when a certain number of doses are consumed.

In order for the visual control device to be able to read the status of the cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder inserted into the inhaler for the powder, such an inhaler according to the present invention in the optimal version of its implementation has a hole in the cap; this hole is aligned with the hole in the outer edge of the inserted cartridge. A strip of film or a plastic ring is placed in the annular gap before or after the cartridge is filled with the pharmaceutical powder, and the powder cartridge is then closed with a cap.

Therefore, the movable outer edge (edge) is optimally mounted so that it is located higher than the upper edge of the cartridge, and the cap has a connecting element, the outer diameter of which is consistent with the inner diameter of the upper edge in such a way that after insertion the cap is held due to exact bend to the edge of the cartridge. The outer edge of the cap, which extends outwardly from the connecting element, extends above the upper edge and the annular gap into the periphery of the inner side of the outer edge and is semi-recessed in the space bounded by the outer edge of the cartridge. This makes it much more difficult for an unlicensed person to open a powder cartridge without breaking or damaging the cap, allowing the drug manufacturer peace of mind about their warranty obligations when the powder cartridge hits the market.

The dispenser is built into the bottom of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge, and the tube of the dispensing carriage preferably has an O-shaped cross-section and is open on one longitudinal side.

Knees C, which form the side walls of the tube, have grooves that allow the working mechanism to act on the inserted dosing carriage in order to move this dosing carriage to a horizontal position. The upper wall of the tube of the dosing carriage between the knees of the dosing carriage continues from the bell of the powder cartridge. The dosing carriage made accordingly has an O-shaped cross-section and has grooves on the outside of the knees designed to engage the activating mechanism through the grooves in the side walls of the dosing carriage tube. In order to protect the dosing carriage from falling out of the dosing carriage tube after installing the cartridge, this dosing carriage is provided with an element in the form of a protrusion at the end facing away from the dosing chamber, with a downwardly directed stopper for engagement in a corresponding slot, which extends longitudinally the direction of the cassette filling and into which, with the help of a stopper, the mentioned projecting element is wedged, which is first pushed inside. In order to ensure reliable movement of the dosing carriage, the protruding element of the dosing carriage can have a key groove on the upper side for engagement with a tooth on the surface of the tube of the dosing carriage, in its upper wall. Due to the fact that the dosing carriage can move with a mechanism that engages from the outside, the locking connection between the tooth and said groove is made in such a way that a relatively small force is sufficient to remove the locking block, since the engagement in the grooves of the dosing carriage during transportation and storage of the powder cartridge under normal circumstances should not occur.

The cassette cap, dosing carriage and pharmaceutical cartridge with integrated dosing device separately from the dosing carriage can be manufactured as separate parts from medically acceptable thermoplastics.

Especially suitable are thermoplastics that can be produced by casting molding, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyacrylate, foam, copolymers of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. However, it can be advantageous to use different plastics for different individual (individual) parts, for example, for the cartridge and the dosing carriage.

The design - according to the present invention - of a built-in dispenser with a dosing carriage, which can move forward and backward, has proven operational reliability for approximately 200-300 ordinary doses of powder drugs, as an exception - even up to 500 doses that can be stored (for further use) inside the cartridge .

The construction of the cartridge filling, which is relatively thin and which is connected to the upper cap of the dosing carriage tube and to the lower part of the cartridge at many points, actually forming the dosing carriage tube, prevents the dosing carriage from being clamped in the dosing carriage tube by the action of the springs. In order to avoid skewing of the dosing carriage in the dosing carriage tube during operation, said dosing carriage has guide slides on both sides, and the fingers of the actuating mechanism engage the dosing carriage on both sides at the same time.

A powder inhaler suitable for use with a pharmaceutical powder cartridge according to the present invention has a housing which, if required, has one or more air inlets and also has an inhalation mouthpiece in the front part which can be removed from the housing. The device has an opening that can be closed with a cap and serves to insert a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder with a dosing device built into it and with a dosing key in the upper part of the housing. In the middle of the body and the mouthpiece are installed: (1) a functional transport element with horizontal and multiple vertical elements for the receiving mechanism, which acts on the pharmaceutical powder cartridge after it is inserted into the powder inhaler and its dispenser and (2) a horizontal receiving surface of the functional transport element for an installed cartridge for pharmaceutical powder, a receiving surface with a through hole that communicates with the discharge hole of a dispenser built into the cartridge for pharmaceutical powder; (3) a disperser, placed in a hollow cylindrical or truncated conical mouthpiece, for dispersing (scattering) doses of powdered drugs in the air stream that is sucked in by the patient through the central opening of the mouthpiece during inhalation; a dispenser connected by a powder tube to a through hole in the surface of the functional transport element; a disperser having a mechanism for branching off from the entire dispersed air flow intended to be supplied to the disperser, a powder-free part of the air flow that surrounds, in the form of a separated surrounding flow, that part of the air flow that leaves the disperser and is charged with powder, (4) an impulse transmitter connected to the first vertical sub-elements of the functional transport element, which are parallel to each other at a distance, in order to transmit a mechanical impulse to the inserted powder cartridge, (5) a dosing lever connected to the second vertical element by two surfaces of the functional of the transport element, which are located parallel to each other at a distance, in order to activate the dispenser built into the pharmaceutical powder cartridge, for the use of the pharmaceutical powder, (b) parts - having a relationship with the dosing key, which extend through the body and the front ends which are connected to other points n surfaces located parallel to each other at a distance - of the second vertical element of the functional transporting element; in addition, a mechanism is provided that engages with the parts on the dosing lever, which allows you to center the dosing lever relative to the center of its rotation; in addition, a mechanism for activating the pulse transmitter is provided, (7) additional sub-elements of the functional transport element at the rear end of its horizontal part, which form a valve chamber inside the housing, with an opening in the rear part of the internal cavity of the housing; this hole can be closed by a hinged valve leaf connected to the functional sub-elements of the transporting element; valve chamber connected to the disperser through an air tube; a tube for a portion of the air that branches off from the main air and enters the dispenser of a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder, which creates conditions for the passage of a portion of the air flow through the dispenser to the powder tube, in order to transfer the dose of medicine from the dispenser to the disperser.

The volume of a portion of the air flow, which is supplied through the tube of the dispenser, which carries out the branching of this portion of air, is determined by the free area of the cross-sections of the tubes, and these areas are calculated in such a way that an amount of air enters the disperser, which is sufficient to transport doses of medicine outside the chamber of the dosing carriage through the powder tube, to the extent that the proportion of air from the total air flow caused by suction is large. As a rule, about 2595 suction air is enough for this. However, higher proportions can occur.

The centering flap of the valve is held in the closed position by a spring and can be centered with respect to the spring force and the influence of the air flow created during the use of the inhaler (air suction) and can also open the opening of the valve chamber to the internal cavity of the housing.

In order to prevent premature inhalation before the dispenser is actuated, the centering flap of the valve is blocked until the dispensing is complete in this operative device.

In the closed position, the centering flap of the valve tightly holds the dosing lever after reaching the dosing position and does not release said dosing lever to the return initial position (filling position) until the end of the inhalation procedure, allowing it to return to this initial position together with the dosing carriage.

This becomes possible due to the fact that the folding valve leaf has a shaft in the upper part with outwardly directed trunnions of the bearings, which jam the bushings on the functional elements of the transporting element, which form the walls of the valve chamber; in addition, the body of the shaft has a slot with a locking edge, in which the locking element of the dosing lever is wedged when the dosing procedure is completed.

In order to prevent double dosing or repetition of dosing, during which the dosing lever repeatedly moves back and forth between the initial position in which the dosing chamber is located in the filling position and the limit position in which the dosing chamber is located in the emptying position (dosing position); there is an additional locking mechanism between the dosing lever and the flap of the valve, which prevents the possibility of moving the dosing carriage a second time to the filling position only with the dosing lever, without inhalation. For this purpose, next to the slot from the shaft, a shoulder (traverse) extends upwards, at the end of which there is a catch with a locking edge, with which an additional blocking element of the dosing lever can be engaged.

In order to facilitate the assembly process of the inhaler for powder and in order to avoid means of adjustment that are visible from the outside, the body of the device - in the optimal version of the invention - consists of two halves that have a connection according to the "key/groove" principle. In order to attach the halves to the functional transport mechanism and to install this mechanism inside the housing, in the optimal version, inwardly directed fixing elements or spring retainer elements are provided, which engage in the corresponding holes of the functional transport element and its sub-elements and connect the housing halves to the functional transport mechanism . In the upper part of the inhaler for the powder, additional direct fixing connections are provided between the two halves of the case with the help of elements that have mutual engagement with each other.

The rear surface of the powder inhaler has a more flattened shape (a simpler design) than the front, as the latter must have a fairly complex structure to functionally meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge location on this side. The flat design of the rear part of the case in its upper part allows you to install a dosing key here, which is intended to initiate the dosing process; said dosing key has elements (parts) that continue as the center of rotation of the dosing key mechanism located inside the housing. In the optimal version, this key has a peripheral element from the turned-down edge, which continues into the corresponding slot in the upper part of the case. Thus, the intermediate space between the upper part of the dosing key in its initial position and the upper part of the housing is closed, and this makes it almost impossible to skew the dosing key during the actuation of the device.

In order to set the cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder in the correct position in the inhaler for the powder, the second (secondary) vertical sub-elements of the functional transport element are created in the form of a vertical shaft, whose internal cross-section is consistent with the external contour of the cartridge for the powder to be inserted; in addition, there is some space between the side walls of the shaft and the side walls of the powder cartridge for the working elements, such as the dosing lever and the parts of the dosing key, which continue from the top of the housing.

The design of the device includes a sliding (latching) cap to close the hole in the cartridge and protect it from external influences. The sliding (latching) cap is created in the form of a casing, which has a bayonet-like engagement with the part of the powder cartridge that moves to the upper edge of the opening.

To attach the sliding (sliding) cap to the body, a system of elastic elements is structurally provided on the surface of this cap; these elements are equipped with a toothed protrusion that allows them to engage with the corresponding elements of the two casing shells. A leaf spring is located on the inner surface of the sliding cap, which acts on the cap of the inserted powder cartridge and holds the cartridge in a fixed position.

In the edge part of the sliding cap, there is an inspection window, located opposite the inspection window of the device for visual control of the powder cartridge. It is most optimal to install this window in the front part of the cap, because in this case the level of filling of the powder cartridge or the number of doses that have been spent can be easily determined visually directly by the user, both before and after using the device.

In order for the user to be able to make sure that the inhaler for powder is ready for work after completing the dosing procedure activated by the dosing key, another inspection window is provided, ideally located above the mouthpiece and made in two halves of the case and in the sliding cap, in the field of view of which the indicator symbol associated with the activation mechanism located in the inhaler for the powder, for the dispenser, indicates, depending on the position of the means of activation, the readiness of the inhaler for work.

In order to activate the dispenser built into the pharmaceutical powder cartridge, the centered dosing lever is connected to the functional transport element, within which the powder cartridge is located.

The dosing lever has two side surfaces at a distance from each other, the ends of which are connected by spacers forming a ring that surrounds the powder cartridge at a distance. The trunnions (shaft necks) of the bearings protrude outwardly beyond the side surfaces in their upper parts in the bearing holes in the side walls of the second vertical sub-element of the functional transport element, which allows - due to the created annular diameter, which is larger than the diameter of the powder cartridge - to mount the dosing lever in such a way such that it is rotatable longitudinally relative to the orientation of the powder inhaler. The dosing lever has a mechanism for engagement with the dosing device, which is built into the lower part of the powder cartridge, and a mechanism for locking the flap of the valve.

The mechanical parts on the dosing lever for engagement with the dosing device are fingers extending from the shoulders (traverse), which are moved in the lateral direction in a ring to the side surfaces and continue down, directed towards each other, through slots in the side walls of the tube of the dosing carriage, into slots (grooves) in the side faces of the dosing carriage, located in such a way that it can move back and forth in the tube of the dosing carriage of the dispenser. In the initial position, the dosing carriage is located in the dispenser in the so-called "filling position", in which the dosing chamber of the dosing carriage is located below the opening in the powder cartridge well; at the same time, the fingers on both arms of the dosing lever are engaged through the side wall of the tube of the dosing chamber in the slots of the side faces of the dosing carriage.

In order to ensure that the dosing chamber is filled with the desired amount of pharmaceutical powder, the powder inhaler has a so-called "impulse transmitter" with a hammer-like element; said hammer-like element strikes the grid on the outer surface of the powder cartridge wall when the dosing key is activated. This mechanical impulse is transmitted to the fluid-prone pharmaceutical powder, causing it to flow from the nozzle into the dosing chamber under the influence of gravity and fill said dosing chamber, as if restoring its original state. This pulse occurs before the dosing carriage moves away from the fill position. The pulse transmitter is located in the back of the powder inhaler housing. The initiating vertical sub-elements of the functional transport element are arms which extend upwards from the horizontal part of the functional transport element, behind the support surface, and have bearing bushings at their upper ends, which allow the bolts to be screwed onto the impulse transmitter shaft. The impulse transmitter has a lever with a hammer-like element in the lower part and with a shaft - in the upper part; said hammer-like element extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the powder inhaler.

In addition, on one side of the lever there is a transverse elastic element (elastic elastic), which cannot deviate in the direction of movement of the lever, but can deviate orthogonally to the direction of movement. On the opposite side of the lever, a disk spring of the impulse transmitter is soldered.

One of the rocker balancers of the dosing key mechanism inside the housing has a projection extending upwards with an actuator which also projects from the balancer inwards and serves to activate the impulse transmitter. The distance between the protrusion and the center of rotation of the dosing key mechanism is selected so that the engagement of the protrusion with the pulse transmitter occurs when the dosing key is recessed only a little.

As a result of the impact of the protrusion on the working surface of the transverse elastic element of the impulse transmitter, the latter is centered on the side of the powder cartridge, and the pressed (soldered) spring of the impulse transmitter is stretched. As a result of the rotation of the dosing key, its projection slides off the working surface on the transverse spring element after the pressed spring reaches its extended state, and the impulse transmitter is centered with respect to the powder cartridge due to the spring stretching and pressing against it. In order to increase the inert mass, the impulse transmitter in the best embodiment of the invention is fixed in the lower part of the lever.

Due to the fact that the transverse spring deflects in the lateral direction, during the return of the dosing key to the initial position, the protrusion can move laterally behind the working surface on the transverse spring element and can catch on the working surface of the protrusion again when the dosing key warms up the next time. In order to facilitate this reverse movement, the protrusion has an inclined (beveled) surface on which the transverse spring element slides during lateral deflection.

After the dosing chamber is filled, the dosing lever becomes centered and moves the dosing carriage to the middle position, in which the dosing chamber is located between the filling hole located on the nozzle and the emptying hole at the bottom of the dosing carriage tube in the powder cartridge filling.

In order to exclude the consequences of incorrect operation during dosing, it is necessary to prevent the return of the dosing carriage to its initial position before the dosing chamber becomes empty.

For this, the dosing lever has a locking mechanism that locks to the locking edge of the bracket (clamp) on the shoulder, which extends upward from the valve leaf shaft. This mechanism is an "arm" which extends back from the metering lever ring, below said metering lever, and which has a hook-shaped detent attached to one of the sides at a distance from the end of the "arm", and the effective surface of which is such that which, in conjunction with the valve leaf, causes the closed valve leaf to be permanently locked against the metering lever and at the same time causes the metering carriage to be locked by the metering lever arms and fingers engaged with the metering carriage. This mechanical locking device cannot be released by the force of air suction through the powder inhaler; on the other hand, a blocked (stuck) flap of the valve makes inhalation more difficult, as a result of which it becomes impossible for suction to create a sufficiently powerful inhalation airflow. The dosing lever can move from this position to its limit position only using the dosing key; in this extreme position, the fingers of the shoulders advance the dosing carriage to the emptying position, in which the dosing chamber aligns at the top with the purge tube and at the bottom with the opening of the powder tube in the receiving part of the powder cartridge.

In this position, it is also necessary to block the dosing lever and install (fix) the dosing carriage before the inhalation procedure to allow the dose of pharmaceutical powder to move from the dosing chamber through the powder tube to the disperser. For this purpose, a hook-shaped retainer or limit stop is provided at the end of the dosing lever; this hook-shaped retainer engages in the slot of the valve leaf shaft with the locking edge (in this position) of the metering lever. The lower edge of the "hand" on the dosing lever is curved in such a way that the engagement of the hook (bracket) in the opening of the valve leaf shaft opens during the movement of the valve leaf. Connecting the limiting stopper of the dosing lever closes the mentioned dosing lever to the shaft without the need for simultaneous locking (fixing in a stationary state) of the valve leaf of the folding valve leaf. The folding leaf of the valve is only held in the closed position by a weakly stretched spring. This elastic force can be overcome by the air flow created during inhalation due to the suction force, due to which the flap of the valve must be centered inside the valve chamber by this air flow. The unlocking (release) of the locking connection of the dosing lever with the shaft occurs with a small delay, which, however, is sufficient to ensure that at the time of unlocking the dosing lever, the dose of medication has already been transferred from the dosing chamber to the powder tube and through it to dispersant.

The dosing lever has a tooth on one of the side surfaces for engagement of the return spring; the other end of this spring is fixed by a catch hook located on the horizontal sub-element of the functional transport element, which forms the cap of the valve chamber. The force of the return spring of the dosing lever is sufficient to pull the dosing lever to the initial position after opening the limiting stopper with the blocking edge on the valve flap shaft, as a result of which the renewed dosing procedure becomes possible after the inhalation is completed.

In order to obtain the possibility of external indication of the limit position of the dosing lever and the readiness of the dosing chamber for emptying, a spacer is structurally provided, which connects the front ends of the side surfaces of the dosing lever; this mystic is made in the form of a "leg" (support) for the indicating conventional symbol, which continues from there upwards and, in this position of the dosing lever, is behind the hole located in the front part of the case. As soon as the dosing lever is pushed back to the initial position during the inhalation procedure, the indicator symbol disappears from the field of view of the window again.

During its extension, the dosing lever also acts on the drive mechanism of the visual control device in the powder cartridge.

To make this possible, one of the side surfaces of the second vertical sub-element of the functional transport element is provided with a bearing sleeve for a toothed gear designed to actuate a visual control device built into the upper part of the powder cartridge to monitor the already spent doses of medicine. This drive mechanism, which is located between the housing wall and the side wall of the shaft, serves to activate a visual control device built into the upper edge of the powder cartridge to take into account the doses of medicine that have already been spent from the powder cartridge. The means for activating the visual control device consists of an intermediate wheel which engages directly in the visual control device and is mounted on a trunnion projecting relative to the upper edge of the housing and is guided by said gear with a smaller number of teeth, and a gear also having a wheel which is offset on axis in the lateral direction relative to the housing wall and has a larger outer diameter and a greater number of gear teeth. During the actuation of the dosing lever, the said wheel further rotates with a build-up by the elastic arm, which is provided on the dosing lever and has a projection at the end. The transmission ratio is selected in such a way that for each dosing procedure in the visual control device of the powder cartridge, a small shift of the film strip occurs, for which, in turn, marking is provided; while the limiting position of the visual control device is reached after the cartridge becomes empty.

The additional elastic arm is located in the same part of the second vertical sub-element of the functional transport element and is similarly engaged in the transmission gear wheel (gear), which makes it possible to rotate only in the desired direction of the transmission force.

Movement of the dosing lever inside the case and activation of the dosing procedure is achieved by pressing the surface of the dosing key, which is a continuation of the contour of the cap in the back of the powder inhaler case. The side surface of the cap (circularly) has a contour corresponding to the rounded edge of the body of the inhaler for powder and which is placed in the body through the engagement in the groove located around the upper edge of the body in the recessed position of the dosing key. It continues downwards from the circle formed by this surface. Two parallel balancers extend forward through the body from the two frontal portions of said side surface, near the lower edge. The distance between the balancers is slightly greater than the width of the powder cartridge, so that when inserting the powder cartridge it can be pushed into the space between these balancers. The frontal parts of the balancers are connected to each other by means of a bridge, from which the trunnions of the bearings extend on both sides into the holes in the side surfaces of the second vertical subelement of the functional transporting element; in these side surfaces, the dosing lever is also centered on other points. The bridge has a stepped bearing on the front side, which includes a return spring, the other end of which is held in a bearing on the back side of the vertical plate of the functional transporting element. When the dosing key is depressed, the return spring is compressed and stretched. Immediately after removing the pressure on it, the dosing key moves in the opposite direction and is centered in the initial position by the return spring, as a result of which it becomes possible to restore activation of the device. Details of the mechanism for activating the pulse transmitter and influencing the dosing lever are located on the balancers. This mechanism is a drive trunnion, which is located on one of the balancers from the outside and is intended for mechanical impact on the inclined (beveled) locking edge of the side surface of the dosing lever and on the protrusion that extends upwards from the other balancer, and also extends beyond the contour of the balancer and extends inside, which makes it possible to activate the impulse transmitter.

The distance from the drive trunnion for engagement with the dosing lever is less than the distance from the protrusion acting on the impulse transmitter. By pressing the dosing key, the pulse transmitter is first activated on the first half of its travel path, as a result of which the dosing chamber in the dosing device is filled. Further pressing of the dosing button leads to the contact of the drive pin of this dosing key with the locking edge on the side surface of the dosing lever, and the dosing lever moves to the middle position, in which the locking (described above in the text) of the dosing lever with the arm of the folding leaf of the valve occurs in such a way that that in case of negligent (accidental) cessation of pressure on the dosing button, it returns to the initial position, but the dosing carriage continues to remain in the middle position. Reactivation of the dose key causes the powder cartridge to receive an additional pulse of energy from the pulse transmitter, but does not result in any dose of pharmaceutical powder being dispensed from the reservoir, as the dose carriage is not in the fill position, but rather in the middle position, in which the dosing chamber is not connected either to the outlet opening in the funnel or to the device discharge opening in the tube of the dosing carriage. Only a renewed pressure on the dosing button for at least half of the possible depth of this pressure unlocks the fixation of the dosing lever in the middle position, and further pressing of the dosing key of the limit mark moves the dosing lever to the limit position. At the end of the dosing procedure, the dosing carriage is placed in the emptying position and held by the dosing lever, which is locked in the limit locking position, and thus the powder inhaler becomes ready for inhalation. This readiness for inhalation is maintained even when the dosing key is returned to its initial position. Further activation of the dosing key leads only to the activation of the pulse transmitter, but does not affect the dosing lever, which is locked in the limiting position so that incorrect dosing before actual use (inhalation procedure) is excluded.

During inhalation, that is, suction through a special mouthpiece, air is sucked by the user through at least one or more holes in the back of the inhaler body into the body, and then through the valve chamber into the air tube.

Part of the air flow is branched from the tube for air through a transverse tube that serves to transport a dose of pharmaceutical powder from the dosing chamber of the dosing carriage through the tube for powder to the disperser located in the mouthpiece. This disperser has a chamber, the front wall of which is a guide plate, the rear and outer walls are also plates located between the front and rear walls; the outer diameter of this chamber is smaller than the inner diameter of the mouthpiece surrounding the disperser, as a result of which an annular chamber is formed, which surrounds the central chamber and is located inside the mouthpiece, while the outer wall of the chamber is complicated by many membranes (partitions) with the formation of a lattice structure, which is characteristic and for the inner surface of this chamber. The outer diameter of the guide plate is larger than the outer diameter of the chamber, as a result of which its edge is tightly fitted to the inner walls of the mouthpiece. The guide plate has an outlet hole in the center, from which the outlet tube continues through a truncated-conical connecting element attached to the front side of the guide plate. In the edge zone of the guide plate, numerous through holes are provided, symmetrically arranged around the circle, and through which powder-free air can flow from the annular chamber into the space (gap) in front of the guide plate. The front part of the powder tube, which starts at the back of the guide plate, is attached to one of the diaphragms in the outer wall of the chamber, and the rear end of the powder tube, which continues to the lower part of the support surface of the functional transport element, is made so that it can be installed in the vertical element of the functional transport element, which continues down from the support surface along the entire length of the inner wall of the case.

The partial air flow carries the dose of pharmaceutical powder through the powder tube into the disperser. In order to minimize the risk of undesired premature transfer of drug doses from the dosing chamber of the dosing carriage to the disperser before the start of the actual inhalation procedure, the powder tube is curved downwards, which forms a "pocket" (convex-shaped element). During absorption, a dose of powdered medication enters the chamber with partial air flow through the powder tube and through tangentially (orthogonally) oriented bulkheads in the outer wall of the chamber. The partial air flow required for this is branched off from the main air tube and supplied through the air purge tube in the dispenser. Due to the fact that the partial air flow carrying the powder passes through the dosing chamber and enters the powder tube, complete emptying of the dosing chamber is guaranteed. The dispersing airflow passes through the air tube into the annular chamber surrounding the central chamber. Due to the fact that the outer wall of the chamber is a set of numerous membranes that continue inside the chamber, the dispersing air necessary for dispersing the pharmaceutical powder and grinding it into the finest particles is sucked into the chamber during inhalation in a tangential direction. The surface of each of the membranes, which is wrapped inside the chamber, is structurally created in such a way that it is a logical continuation of the membrane wall, as a result of which the chamber has a polygonal (polygonal) cross section.

The structural features of the dispersant make it possible to break down into particles and disperse pharmaceutical powders with various internal structures.

It becomes possible to scatter (disperse) such powdery substances in which the finest primary particles of the active component are agglomerated (so-called nuclear agglomerates). Such agglomerates are crushed in the inner cavity of the chamber by merging a partial air flow charged with powder with a dispersing air flow; further, the particles crushed to the finest state are scattered in the air flow and carried out of the chamber by the inhalation air flow itself.

Another type of powder is the so-called viscous (adhesive) mixture, in which the smallest particles of the active component are firmly attached to the carrier particles. Such powder compounds are also crushed in the chamber, and the obtained finely divided particles of the active component are separated from the carrier particles, dispersed in the air flow, after which the chamber is discharged. Relatively harder carrier particles remain in the chamber for a longer time and are removed from the chamber during inhalation with a delay compared to finer particles of the active ingredient, or are not removed at all and must be periodically removed from the chamber by targeted cleaning. Carrier particles that are removed with a delay are mainly deposited already in the oral cavity or pharynx of the user.

In order to avoid the direct blowing of the air flow charged with powder and the formation of a back flow due to the "nozzle effect" at the end of the output tube of the dispenser, a partial air flow is branched off through the through holes located in the edge part of the guide plate from the air flow that is supplied to the chamber. This air is directed to the outer surface of the truncated cone-shaped connecting element in the front part of the guide plate through a radially concentric grid, which is located at a distance in front of the guide plate; said part of the air flow is deflected by the connecting element, as a result of which the powder-free ambient air flow, which coaxially surrounds the powder-charged air flow, exits the central opening of the mouthpiece. Dispersion of the air flow, which inevitably occurs due to the "nozzle effect" and reverse flow, mainly occurs with the surrounding air flow component free from powder, therefore, this, in fact, ensures reliable transportation of the dose of pharmaceutical powder into the patient's oral cavity and pharynx (without deposition in them powder), and from there - into his bronchi.

The branching of the additional partial air flow from the air flow, which is supplied to the disperser, leads to a decrease in the total resistance (air)! inhaler for powder. As a result of the increase in the total cross-sectional area of all holes in the guide plate of the disperser, the total air resistance of the inhaler for the powder decreases without significant changes in the technology of dispersion and falsification of powder particles in the chamber.

The camera is a very important part of the disperser. Externally, it looks like a hollow cylinder and has a specially made inner wall of the cylinder, into which a partial flow of powder-charged air and an additional scattering flow of air enter through slots tangentially oriented and directed through the outer wall of the cylinder chamber. The total flow of uniformly distributed powder, consisting of particles crushed to the finest size, exits the chamber through the exit hole in the center of the guide plate, which limits the chamber from the front.

The inner wall of the chamber is made in such a way that the cross-section of the chamber has the shape of a polygon, the plane of which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, in particular, an octagon in the case of eight distributed slots and a hexagon - in the case of six slots.

In principle, it is possible to use more than eight slots. their number can also be smaller, but should not be very small, so that there is no danger of the formation of a cyclonic flow. As a result of the fact that the diameter of the exit hole in the guide plate is smaller than the internal diameter of the chamber, the risk of coarse particles exiting the chamber. of particles is significantly reduced. The construction of the inner surface of the chamber helps to reduce the risk of contamination of the inner walls due to the adhesion of the most viscous primary particles, as happens with the cylindrical wall of the chamber. Due to the presence of a powder tube, the end of which is attached to one of the slots, the chamber is not symmetrical. The surface area of the wall of the polygonal inner chamber, in which the powder tube hole is located, inevitably slightly exceeds the area of the other surfaces, and the slot that connects the powder tube to the inner cavity of the chamber is about twice as wide as the slots through which the additional water enters the chamber dispersing air. The relatively large number of air inlets results in the formation of an air envelope between the inner chamber wall and the desired fraction of air flow with the powder, thus reducing the contact between the finely divided powder particles and the inner chamber wall.

The camera performs a double function: its structural structure contributes to the grinding of powder particles and the almost complete separation of coarse particles from the actually useful part of the inhalation air flow, localized in the center of this flow.

The time of formation of soft agglomerates with a given particle size and a certain density depends mainly on the tangentially directed component of the velocity vector of their movement, and thus on the tangentially directed component of the velocity vector of the air, the direction of which enters the chamber is tangential.

The residence time of the powder in the chamber can be changed not only due to the change in the ratio of the fractions of the partial air flows, but it can also be changed due to the selection of the optimal distance between the guide plate and the back wall of the chamber, and it can also be adjusted by choosing - under certain restrictions - the diameter of the chamber. Adjusting the length of the chamber makes it possible to adapt the disperser according to the requirements of various prescriptions of powder preparations without significantly changing the design features of the functional transporting and operational elements that interact with the mentioned chamber. All that is necessary is to move the vertical sub-element of the functional transport element (plate), which forms the back wall of the chamber, in the direction of the longitudinal axis and increase the length of the membranes that join the back surface of the plate, which forms the back wall, and which form the outer wall of the chamber.

The compact design of the disperser has the advantage that the mouthpiece, located in the front part of the powder inhaler body, is relatively short, which, in fact, makes it possible to create a compact powder inhaler. In addition, premature excessive deposition of the smallest fraction of the active component in the powder inhaler, in particular, in the mouthpiece, is minimized. The body of the powder inhaler, the mouthpiece, the disperser, the functional transport element, the dosing key, the dosing lever, the impulse transmitter, the drive mechanism of the visual control device in the powder cartridge, and the hinged valve leaf can be made of plastics that are processed by the method of molding. Acceptable from a medical point of view are the properties of such substances as polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyurethanes, polyacrylate, polystyrene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, which are particularly suitable for the implementation of this invention.

The springs are made of metals or metal alloys known in the art and suitable for the tasks to be solved according to the present invention.

Unlike them, the elastic elements of the impulse transmitter and the drive mechanism of the dose counter are made of plastic and mounted directly on the lever of the impulse transmitter or the functional transport element by welding.

Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder 1 with a centrally located reservoir 2 for multiple doses of powdered drugs. Almost along the entire length of the cartridge, its cross-section is a circle cut on both sides, as shown in Fig. 3, which is a horizontal cross-section along the line B-B in Fig. 1. The side wall of the tank 2 consists of two flattened parts 3, located opposite each other and two curved (curved) parts 4, which connect the mentioned flattened parts of the wall 3. On one side of the connection points of the flattened and curved parts of the wall 3, 4 are mounted ribs 5, which are always directed outwards, creating a complete cross-section of the medication cartridge 1, as a result of which the insertion of the cartridge into the powder inhaler is possible only in a predetermined position. In the upper part of the cartridge (upper edge) 6 of the tank 2 has a cross section in the shape of a circle; the tank 2 can be closed with the help of a cap, which is inserted into the upper edge 6. In the lower part of the cartridge 7, the tank 2 narrows and acquires a funnel-shaped shape and ends with an outlet 8.

The flattened parts of the side wall of the tank 2 linearly continue as membranes 9 in the lower part, outwardly relative to the nozzle 10, as shown in cross-sections in Figs. 2 and 4.

In order to make it possible to provide the lower part of the cartridge 1 with a pulse of energy by pressing during the initiation of the dosing procedure, the membrane 11 expands outwards in the funnel-shaped part 7 from the tube 10 in the radial direction to the outer circle of the cartridge. The location of the membrane is also shown in cross-section in Fig.4.

The built-in dispenser 12 is located in the lowest part of the cartridge 1, where it is held using a mechanism designed in this way. Between the lower surface of the tank 2 and the lower surface of the cartridge 12, the tube 13 of the dosing carriage 14, which is movable in the horizontal plane, is embedded, which, together with the lower fragment of the cartridge 12, forms a dispenser. The upper part of the tube of the dosing carriage 13 is closed on one side of the tube 10 by a wall 15, which continues from the outer surface of the tube 7 in the lower part as much as the outer circle of the cartridge 71 continues, and to which the supports of the dosing carriage 14, having an O-shaped cross section, are engaged .

In the lower part (base) of the cartridge 12, outside the tube 10, there is, on the one hand, a discharge opening 16, which is directed downward and outside the cartridge and corresponds to the opening 17 for blowing air in the upper wall of the tube of the dosing carriage 13. The opening 17 completes the air tube 18, mounted on the outside of the tank 2 in the funnel-shaped part 7. This tube 18 is also shown in cross-section in Fig.4. Forming the said tube 18, two membranes 19, 20, which compress the tube 18 from the sides, extend from the outer wall of the tube 10 parallel to the extended side fragments of the wall 9. The air tube 18 opens in the form of an opening to the outside of the cartridge. The upper edge 6 (shown in Figs. 1 and 2) of the cartridge 1 "continues" the curved parts 4 of the reservoir 2 and "displaces" the flattened parts 3, forming a circle, as shown in Fig.2. The upper edge 6 of the tank 2 is surrounded outwardly at a small distance by an annular outer edge 21, which is offset from the side wall of the tank 2. The outer edge 21 has a more complex design than the edge 6, protrudes beyond it and has a small shoulder from the middle for receiving the outer wall cartridge cap 22. A strip of plastic film (not shown) is an indicator of readiness to insert the parts of the dispenser into the annular gap 23, which opens at the top between the outer edge 21 and the upper edge 6. The annular gap 23 can be further closed by the cap 22, the section of which is shown in fig. 6 and the outer edge of which has a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the outer edge 21, by inserting said cap in the appropriate place, with the help of the connecting element 24. The strip of film is thus protected from falling out or being pulled out.

The outer edge 21 has an observation window 25 at one point, through which you can see the position of the marked strip of plastic film from the outside. The outer surface of the outer edge 21 preferably has a profile, at least parts of which are part of a circle, which should facilitate handling of the cartridge 1 when inserting it into the powder inhaler.

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the cartridge 1 along the line A-A in Fig. 1. It should be noted that the distance between the parts of the side wall C of tank 2 is smaller in this direction due to the deviation of the shape of the cross section from the circular shape. In the area of the upper edge b of the cartridge 1, the diameter of the internal cavity increases between the parts of the wall C, as a result of which a circular cross-section of the tank 2 is observed here. The sections C (opposite) of the side wall of the tank 2 are moved inward below the edge 6.

The circular outer edge 21 with the annular gap 23 for the film strip is shown in another perspective. In this cross-section, it is shown that the shoulder connecting the outer edge 21 with the side wall C of the tank 2 has in one place, in the area of the wall fragment 3, a downwardly directed opening 26, which continues into the annular gap 23, for the engagement of the gear of the transmission wheel (gear) 27, in order to horizontally shift the inserted strip of film, which for this purpose has a serration on the lower edge, in which the teeth of the gear 27 can engage.

In Fig. 2, you can also see the funnel-shaped structure of the reservoir 2 in the fragment 10 in the lower part of the cartridge 7, with the outlet 8. The outlet 8 in the optimal version has an oval shape, where the tube of the dosing carriage 13 has a larger transverse dimension than the longitudinal one. This assumes larger dimensions of the grooves in the dosing carriage 14, the possible amplitude of movement of which between the filling position and the emptying position is limited by the outer dimensions of the cartridge, due to the fact that the dosing container 28 cannot be open to an arbitrary degree at the same time relative to the outlet opening 8 and the discharge opening 16. Tube the dosing carriage 13 has an O-shaped cross-section, the supports (knees) 29 have their ends facing the tank 2. The lower wall of the tube of the dosing carriage, which connects the supports 29, is also the base of the cartridge 12.

Fig. 5 shows a section along the line GG in Fig. 1, which shows the complex shape of the tube of the dosing carriage

13. The outer walls of the two supports (knees) 29 of the tube of the dosing carriage 18 have slots (grooves, grooves) ЗО, due to which there is a possibility of reliable locking engagement of the activating mechanism 31 with the carriage 14 and there is also a possibility of its horizontal displacement. The height of the tube of the dosing carriage 13 can be changed in parallel with the development process of the commercial production of the cartridge 1, due to the change in the distance from the base of the cartridge 12 during production molding. As a result, the volume of the dosing container 27 in the dosing carriage 14 changes in addition to changing the horizontal dimensions of this container 27 and adapts to the desired dose volume. Figures 7-10 show the design of the dosing carriage 14, top view (Figure 7), longitudinal section (Figure 8), bottom (Figure 9) and cross section (Figure 10). The oval dosing container 28 is oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal direction in the end zone of the cartridge, in order to receive a dose of powder medicine from the reservoir 2 of the cartridge 1, in a position where the dosing container 28 is spatially aligned with the outlet opening 8 of the cartridge 1. At the opposite end of the dosing carriage 14, a protruding an element 32 with a stopper 33 directed downwards for engaging in a groove 34 on the base of the cartridge 12. On the upper part of the projecting element 32, a wedge-shaped keyway 35 located in the transverse direction is provided, in which a protrusion (tooth) (not shown) can be elastically engaged, departing from the upper wall of the tube of the dosing carriage 13, in order to fix the dosing carriage 14 during filling of the cartridge, as well as during transportation. On the two longer outer sides of the dosing carriage 14, there are grooves (recesses) 36 for engaging the fingers 31 of the dosing lever 37 of the powder inhaler 38, which serve to move the dosing carriage 14. On the lower surface of the dosing carriage 14, there is a slight, bar-like protrusion made around the dosing capacity 28; this protrusion continues from it in the direction of the projecting element 32 by two parallel bars, and is provided in order to reduce the area of the bearing surface of the dosing carriage 14 on the base of the dosing carriage tube 13, and also to facilitate the movement of the dosing carriage 14. This elevated element 39 also has the function of the additional seal of the dosing container 28 in relation to the tube of the dosing carriage 13 under the dosing carriage 14, also reducing the risk of powder entering the tube of the dosing carriage 13 from the container 28 under the dosing carriage 14.

The cross section in Fig. 10 shows the O-shaped profile of the dosing carriage 14, the upwardly directed knees 40 of which are designed to ensure the precise direction of the movement of the mentioned dosing carriage 14 in the tube of the dosing carriage 13. In the cross section (Fig. 10), you can also see the downward directed protruding stopper 33. The dosing carriage 14 can be placed in the tube of the dosing carriage 13 in one of three positions. In the transport position, the dosing carriage 14 is inserted as deep as possible inside the tube of the dosing carriage 13, while the projection 41 of the upper wall of the tube engages in the keyway 35 on the projecting element 32 of the dosing carriage 14 and firmly holds the dosing carriage in this transport position. This position is established during the assembly of the cartridge, when, in fact, the dosing carriage 14 is inserted. In this position, the dosing capacity 28 of the dosing carriage 14 is approximately at the same level as the outlet 8 of the reservoir 2 for the medicinal powder.

In the filling position, the locking engagement of the projection in the keyway 35 is unlocked, and the dosing carriage 14 moves slightly laterally in the tube of the dosing carriage 13, to such an extent that the outlet opening 8 of the powder tank 2 becomes flush with the dosing container 28 of the dosing carriage 14, due to which the powder is taken. This position of filling the dosing carriage 14 is first reached after inserting the cartridge 1 into the powder inhaler 38.

The emptying position of the dosing carriage 14 is achieved during the activation of the dosing procedure by further moving the dosing carriage 14 to the position in which the dosing container 28 becomes located flush with the discharge hole 16 in the lower part (base) of the cartridge 12 and with the purge air hole 17. In this position, the dosed the amount of powder can be transferred through the opening 16 into the adjacent powder tube 42 of the inhaler 38.

The cartridge for pharmaceutical powder 1, which consists of three main parts, with the base of the cartridge 12 and the cap 22, can optimally be made of polystyrene, and the dosing carriage 14, which is inserted into the tube of the dosing carriage 13, can be optimally made of polypropylene. The device for visual control of the spent doses, also built into the cartridge 1, thanks to the specially designed design of the upper edge of the cartridge 1, also includes an additional strip of plastic film or a molded plastic ring with labels; the lower edge of this ring has serrations. Such strips of film with labels are easily punched out (cut by impact method) from solid plastic films.

After inserting the cartridge 1, before filling the reservoir and putting the cap 22 in place, the strip of film is installed in the annular gap 23 in such a way that the visual control device in the viewing window 25 indicates the mark "0" of the spent dosed units. After each subsequent dose is expended, the strip is scrolled around the longitudinal axis of the cartridge by means of a toothed gear 27 engaged in the hole 26. As soon as a predetermined number of doses are expended from the pharmaceutical powder cartridge 1 and transferred to the powder inhaler 38, a mark which can be seen in the surveillance window 25 on the outer edge 21, indicates that the cartridge 1 should soon become completely empty of pharmaceutical powder, and thus, to preserve the functional properties of the powder inhaler, it is necessary to charge it with a new volume of powder. Color indication can be used instead of labels.

After the dosing container 28 in the dosing carriage 14 is emptied and enters - through the discharge opening 16 - into the powder tube 42 of the powder inhaler 38, the dosing carriage 14 must return to the dosing position. For this, the necessary mechanism is installed in the inhaler, which is inserted and removed separately from the cartridge.

Due to the design features of the dosing carriage tube 13 with side slits in the elbows 29, activation of the dosing carriage 14 before insertion into the inhaler 38 is much more difficult, especially because it is first necessary to unlock the blocking of the movement of the dosing carriage 14 by the projection of the upper wall of the dosing carriage tube 13. Although this and does not require the use of great physical force, such an action is possible only by means of engagement through slots in the side walls of the dosing carriage tube, as well as through slots in the side surface of the dosing carriage, due to which access to the contents of the cartridge before inserting it into the inhaler is almost impossible.

The cap 22, which is hermetically installed in the case by anti-engagement with its upper part, cannot be removed without its damage (destruction), which is also a means of protecting the device's contents from loss of parts and contamination.

Fig. 11 shows a longitudinal section of the inhaler for powder 38, prepared for inserting the cartridge 1 into it (top view). The body of the inhaler for powder consists of two halves 43, which are fastened to each other according to the principle of key-groove engagement. The so-called functional transporting element 44 with horizontal and vertical components (sub-elements) 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 is installed in the body formed from halves 43; this functional transport element 44 is part of the internal container and is in contact with the working elements of the structure. Built-in hollow cylindrical or truncated-conical mouthpiece 50 with a disperser 51 is a continuation of the body 43 of the inhaler 38 from the front side. The disperser 51 has the following elements: a chamber 52 with a guide plate 53, which at the same time is the front wall of this chamber; plate 45, which is attached to the transporting element 44 with the help of a rib 47 and is a back wall; an annular outer wall installed between said plates and mi and includes membranes 54 and slots 55 formed between the membranes 54 and oriented in the tangential direction relative to the contents of the chamber. It should be noted that, according to this constructive solution to the problem, the plate 45 is one of the vertical elements of the functional transport element and, being one of the parts of the disperser 51, is at the same time the rear wall of the chamber 52. The outer wall of this chamber has a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the mouthpiece 50, while an annular chamber 56 surrounding the chamber 52 is formed inside the mouthpiece 50. The outer diameter of the guide plate 53 is larger than the outer diameter of the chamber 52 so much so that the outer edge of the plate 53 fits tightly against the inner wall of the mouthpiece 50. Due to the design features of the guide plate 53, the annular chamber 56 around the chamber 52 is sealed relative to the central opening 57 of the mouthpiece 50, and the position of the disperser 51 inside the mouthpiece 50 becomes fixed. On the outer edge of the guide plate 53 symmetrically around the circle there are through holes 58, which allows the ring chamber 56 to branch off the powder-free part of the air flow from the dispersive air flow before it enters the chamber 52; said powder-free part of the air flow enters the gap 59 inside the mouthpiece 50 in front of the guide plate 53 through the holes 58. The plate 53 has an outlet hole 60 in the center for the air flow, which is charged with powder and which enters through the outlet channel 61, fixed by means of a cut - of the conical connecting element 62 on the front side of the plate 53 - into the central hole 57 of the mouthpiece 50. In order to branch radially towards the element 62, the partial flow of air entering the annular chamber 59 through the holes 58 in the plate 53 is provided located in a circle membrane 63, which continues in the radial direction to the inside, at a short distance from the edge of the mouthpiece; thus, an annular gap is formed between the inner edge of the diaphragm and the outer surface of the element 62. The truncated-conical hollow element 62 is installed (with the larger side 5) on the plate 53, as a result of which the partial flow of air, which is radially deflected in the annular chamber 59 by the diaphragm, hits the the outer surface of the element 62 and deviates to the outlet opening 57 of the mouthpiece 50. The annular air flow thus obtained surrounds the air flow charged with powder, coming from the outlet channel 61 already in the form of an ambient air flow.

The opening on the front side of the inhaler body for inserting the mouthpiece into it is partially covered by the plate 48, which continues (expands) in the upward direction, in the form of an additional vertical element of the functional transport element 44. In the plate 48, there are through holes 64 for dispersing air entering through them from the valve chamber 65 and through the air tube to the plate 44 and into the annular chamber 56. The horizontal component of the element 44 extends from the rib 47 for the entire width of the valve chamber 65 and seals the latter. The valve chamber 65 is hidden from the back side of the container of the inhaler for powder 38 by a folding valve leaf 66. The air sucked in for the purpose of inhalation enters the internal cavity of the housing through the slots in the shells (halves) of the housing 43 and enters - through the rear opening 67 after the centering of the leaf 66 - into the valve chamber 65. The powder inhaler is ready for use when, with the help of the dosing lever (not shown), the blocking by the hinged valve leaf 66 of the opening 67 is unlocked. The hinged leaf 66 is then centered in the valve chamber 65 due to the suction force of the air flow and opens opening 67 for air to flow into the valve chamber 65. Next, air flows from the valve chamber 65 through the air tube to the disperser 51.

The rib 47 of the functional element 44 in the direction opposite to the guide plate is divided into two vertical elements 46, which continue upwards from the horizontal part.

The horizontal part of the element 44 has in the center the element 49 (the second vertical sub-element of the element 44), which continues upwards from the support surface and has two side walls made at a distance from each other; its internal cross-section is adapted to the external contour of the powder cartridge to be installed and, in addition to the space intended for the cartridge, there is space for the installation of receiving working parts. In the side walls of the mentioned element 49, there are two guide slides 68 that are open inside, located opposite each other, into which the guide membranes located on the outer surface of the powder cartridge are inserted and engaged, which guarantees the correct insertion of the cartridge into the inhaler. This also precludes the possibility of inserting a replacement cartridge that contains a different active component (unlicensed according to this invention) and has a similar external outline, but with membranes arranged differently than the licensed cartridge.

Figure 12 shows a cross-section of the powder inhaler (front view) along line D-D in Figure 11. On the reverse side of the case 43, its two halves (43) are fastened together by means of a key-groove connection that extends over the entire back surface. In the center of the inhaler for the powder, the mentioned case, which is formed from two halves (casings) 43, opens in its upper part and can be covered by a cap 69, which is installed on the edge of the opening from the front side and has an O-shaped cross section. This cap 69 engages - with the help of downwardly directed wall elements located around

starting from the edge - the upper part of the powder cartridge (not shown), in particular, the part that protrudes from the side of the hole in the upper part of the case. The cap 69 can be pulled out towards the front of the device, allowing the cartridge to be inserted. For this, the edge (edge) of the downward-directed wall elements has webs that are drawn inward and engage in the grooves 70 of the edge 71 when the cap is inserted. In order to achieve a tight connection in the area of the outer side of the body of the inhaler for powder between the cap 69 and the halves of the body 43, the upper edge 71 of the halves of the body 43 is displaced inward, and grooves 70 are provided in the displaced element.

Fig. 12 shows in more detail the design of the functional transport element 44 and its installation inside the body of the inhaler for powder. The side walls of the element 49 extend upwards from the support surface 72 of the powder cartridge. The air tube 42 located below the horizontal support surface 72 is shown schematically in this figure. Membranes 73, oriented outward in the lateral direction, extend from the side walls of the element 49 to the inner surface of the housing casings 43, resting on the membranes 74, which depart inwardly. In order to fix the casings 43 on the functional element 44, they have inwardly directed locking elements 75, located above and at a distance from the membranes 74; these elements 75 are locked in the correspondingly provided holes in the side walls of the element 49. The dosing lever 37 has two side surfaces 76 connected to each other by a spacer (not shown). On the outer sides of the side surfaces 76, there are bearing trunnions 77, which are directed outwards in the upper part, enter the correspondingly installed bushings (bearings in the side walls of the element 49 and enable the dosing lever 37 to be centered relative to the axis of rotation (fulcrum of the lever), which is formed by the points location of bearings. In the lower parts of the lateral surfaces 76 of the dosing lever 36, there are inwardly displaced shoulders 78 with fingers 31 directed in the middle, which act in a positive-blocking manner on the dosing carriage of the cartridge dispenser, which, in fact, contribute to the movement of the mentioned dosing carriage. The fingers 31 are located at a sufficient distance from the axis of rotation (center of support) of the dosing lever 37, thanks to which the hinged movement of the dosing lever 37 leads to a practically horizontal movement of the fingers 31, which activates the dosing carriage of the dispenser. Two parallel balancers 79 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80 are located between the lateral surfaces 76 of the dosing lever 37. Zubch the transmission wheel 27 of the drive mechanism of the visual control device in the upper part of the powder cartridge is shown in cross-section; said gear wheel 27 is mounted outwardly from the right balancer 79 on a trunnion from the middle of the slotted edge of housing casing 43. Gear gear 27 engages through a slot on the shoulder of the outer edge of the cartridge with teeth in the lower edge of the film strip, causing said strip to slide each time under the time of consumption of the drug dose from the cartridge. The toothed transmission wheel 27 is engaged with a toothed gear 81, which protrudes through a hole 82 in the side wall 76 of the dosing lever 37 and has on its outer surface a toothed disk with a larger outer diameter than the diameter of the toothed ring for engagement with the wheel 27. For the return spring 83, which retracts dosing lever 37 to the initial position after unlocking the locking clutches, a gap is provided - in addition to such elements as shoulders 78, displaced relative to the lateral surfaces 76 of the dosing lever 37.

Fig. 13 is a section along the line E-E in Fig. 11 (projection - similar to Fig. 12). In the rear part of the powder inhaler, the O-shaped cross-section 84 part of the dosing key mechanism 80 protrudes beyond the upper wall of the case, which is shifted downwards. For their connection, surface parts are provided on the housing covers 43, which are directed inwards towards each other and have a locking connection, thus holding the covers 43 together and sealing the housing at the top. Directed downwards and located concentrically on the side wall of the dosing key 80 is pushed - during activation by means of a pressing force - into the body through a groove having the corresponding contours. Two parallel balancers 79 extend - at a distance from each other - inside the housing from the part 84 of the dosing key 80 through the gap between the dosing lever 37 and the powder cartridge, enabling the dosing key 80 to contact the lateral surfaces of the second vertical sub-element of the functional transport element 44 by bearing trunnions 85. The dosing lever 37, with its lateral surfaces 76, covering the balancers 79 of the dosing key 80 externally, continues into the area which is external to the element 49 of the powder cartridge.

In this area, arms 86 are provided for element 44, which extend upward from the horizontal element and contain bearing bushings in their upper parts. The so-called impulse transmitter 87 with a hammer-like element 88, wrapped around the cartridge 1, has in its upper part a shaft 89 with two outwardly directed trunnions that fit into bushings in the shoulders 86. A laterally displaced transverse spring element is located near the impulse transmitter 87 at a distance from it 90 with a protrusion 91 having an outwardly directed inclined (inclined) surface 92. This inclined surface 92 interacts with a protrusion on the balancer 79 of the dosing key 80, as a result of which, when the dosing key 80 returns to its initial position, said inclined surface 92 can move this protrusion in the lateral direction beyond said transverse spring element.

The rotary movable plunger 93 is installed in the gap 94 of the functional element 44 above the valve chamber 65 and continues into the cartridge element; after the cartridge is inserted, the mentioned plunger temporarily acts on the flap of the valve 66, unlocking its possibly still existing locking connection with the dosing lever 37. Thus, it is guaranteed that during the insertion of a new cartridge, the dosing lever 37 is pulled back by its return spring to the initial position.

The sub-elements of the functional transport element, which continue down from the horizontal part of the element 44, also perform the important function of the side walls of the valve chamber 65. The latter has an opening 67, deaf in the rear part of the body, with a folding valve leaf 66, which is attached to the details of the functional element.

Fig. 14 shows a vertical longitudinal section through a powder inhaler (side view), which is offered for a better understanding of the construction of a replaceable powder cartridge with an emphasis only on the structure of the dosing carriage of the dispenser, which is inserted into the cartridge; this carriage is schematically depicted in the filling position, in order to reveal the mechanism of interaction with the fingers 31 on the shoulders 78 of the dosing lever 37.

From the front side of the housing 43, a mouthpiece 50 with a dispersant installed on it is inserted into it.

During the inhalation absorption of drugs, the air flow with the powder enters through the central outlet opening 57 into the mouthpiece 50. The truncated-conical connecting element 62, which surrounds the outlet tube 61, continues in the frontal direction from the guide plate 53. In front of the plate 53, there is an annular chamber 59, which is separated from the central opening 57 of the mouthpiece 50 by a radial membrane 63.

The surrounding (external) component of the air flow - which does not contain powder, surrounds the internal component of the air flow with powder and comes from the tube 61 - is formed in the annular chamber 59 by deflecting a portion of the air flow passing through the holes 58 to the plate 53. Filling the chamber 52 is hidden in the rear part by a plate 45, which extends upwards from the functional element 44.

The wall of the powder tube 42 continues on the reverse side of the rear part of the guide plate 53 under the bearing surface 72 on the functional element 44 of the powder cartridge. The upper part of the tube .42 is obscured by the horizontal element of the functional element 44. The powder tube 42 has a downwardly curved part that forms a "pocket" 95 inside the tube 42, which allows to avoid premature transfer of the powder under the influence of gravity when the inhaler is held at an angle (tilt). ; said powder passes through the through hole 96 in the support surface 72 and enters the tube 42.

The downward-directed membrane 97 of the functional element 44 can receive, in the slot, a finger located at the end of the wall of the powder tube 42; thus, the said web 97 attaches the guide plate 53 and the powder tube 42 to the functional element 44. In view of the actual operational requirements, the component 98 of the casing 43 is connected to the wall of the powder tube 42 by a web, which additionally guarantees the reliability of the location of the tube 42 in corresponding position. At the same time, the cleaning of this part of the inhaler, the need for which may sometimes arise, in this case is greatly facilitated, after removing the mouthpiece 50 and the tube for the powder 40. At a distance from the back wall 45 of the chamber 52 in the upward direction from the functional element 44, the plate 48 continues ; said plate 48 obscures part of the opening in the front part of the powder inhaler, but is located at such a distance from the inner wall of the mouthpiece 50 that a partial flow of air can enter the surrounding central chamber annular chamber 56. On the back side of the plate 48 is located (near the upper edge) bearing 99 for the return spring 100, the other edge of which is built into the spring block 101 on the mystic 102, which is located between the frontal edges of the balancers 79 of the dosing key 80. Transverse tube. 103 for branching off the partial flow of air is installed on the functional element 44 below the support tray of the spring 101; the membrane, which is directed upwards from the wall of the tube, forms a stopper for the mystic 102; this stopper limits the movement of the dosing key 80 relative to the center of support of the lever 104, caused by the force of the return spring.

The cap 69 engages in a circle with the upper edge 71 of the case. In the edge part of the cap 69, there is a window 105, which is spatially coordinated with the location of the inspection window in the upper edge of the cartridge, which allows controlling the consumption of drug doses. A plate spring 106 is provided in the cap 69; this plate spring presses the cartridge against its support surface 72. The inflection shows the construction of the upper part 84 of the dosing key 80; this upper part protrudes beyond the main contour of the housing by a fragment of the wall directed downwards from the active surface of the dosing key 80, and is pushed into the housing during the input of this dosing key 80.

In this figure, you can see the installation of the pulse transmitter 87 with the lever 107 and with the hammer-like element 88. Directed towards the cartridge. The impulse transmitter 87 has as its center of support a shaft 89, which is mounted together with the trunnions in the shoulder sleeves 86 of the functional element 44. The transverse spring element 90 is laterally offset and extends (practically parallel) from the elongated arm 107 of the impulse transmitter 87 and cannot move in the direction of travel of this transmitter, but can move in the transverse direction. The drive spring 108 is embedded by soldering behind the lever 107 of the mentioned pulse transmitter 87.

The pulse transmitter 87 is initially pushed away from the cartridge by the leash protrusion (not shown) of the dosing key mechanism 80; at the same time, it is stretched by the transverse spring element 90 on the surface 109; this stress state is brought to such a degree that the upper edge of the drive spring 108 is pressed against the inner wall of the casing. During further pressure on the dosing key 80 before it completes the first part of the travel path, the leash protrusion of the mechanism of the dosing key slides off the surface 109, as a result of which the impulse transmitter 87 acts on the cartridge with the help of the drive spring 108. In order to have sufficient mass for the mechanical impulse , the pulse transmitter 87 is fixed in its lower part.

On the side walls of the dosing lever 37, there is a protrusion (tooth) 110 for engagement in the return spring 83. The balancers 79 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80 are connected by their frontal parts to the mystic 102. On the outer side of the mystic 102, there are bearing trunnions that fit into the bearing bushings in the lateral surfaces of the second vertical sub-element of the functional element 44 and form the center of support 104 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80. The journal bearings 77 in the side walls of the dosing lever 37 form the center of support of the mechanism of the dosing lever. they are shown only in Fig. 14. In the front part of the dosing lever 37, there is an indicator symbol 111, which, when the dosing lever 37 is centered, moves to the viewing area of the window 112 in the front part of the housing casing, and indicates the readiness of the device for the inhalation procedure after the dosing operation is completed, caused by pressing the dosing key 80 .

The locking edge 113 is located on the lateral surface 75 of the dosing lever 37 and is intended for the trunnion of the protrusion 114 located on the surface of the mechanism of the dosing key 80 (schematically depicted in its upper part).

In the rear part of the functional element 44 there is a valve chamber 65, below its horizontal subelement; said valve chamber 65 has an opening 67 turned inside the housing, into which air enters through slots (not shown) in the lateral surfaces of the casing casings 43 or through other openings in the housing.

Fig. 15 shows a longitudinal section, which is compared with the section shown in Fig. 14; in this intersection there is no pulse transmitter, but the structure of the mechanism of the dosing key 80/84 with parallel balancers 79, connected to the front part by the mystic 102, is disclosed in sufficient detail. The interaction of the dosing lever 37 with the blocking (locking) parts of the folding leaf of the valve 66 is also depicted.

The dosing lever 37 is located in the middle blocking position, from which it can be transferred by the dosing key 80 only to the limit fixed position; in this position, the dosing capacity 28 of the dosing carriage 14 becomes flush with the through hole 96 of the functional element 44. In fig. 15 shows the pressure spring 100 located between the bearing 99 and the spring block 101; said pressure spring 100 presses on the dosing key 80 and forces it to return to its initial position after the removal of the external force, indirectly acting on the mystic 102. Balancers 79 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80 communicate with the fragment of the mechanism of the dosing key 84 outside the case. As a result of pressing the fragment 84, the mechanism of the dosing key starts rotating around the center of rotation - the location point of the bearing 104.

Fig.15 shows the return spring 83, which is attached to the projection (tooth) 110 of the dosing lever 37 and serves to return the dosing lever 37; as a result, the dosing carriage 14 in the dispenser is simultaneously reset, changing the emptying position of the dosing container to the filling position.

The folding leaf of the valve 66, which serves to close the opening 67 of the valve chamber 66, has an upwardly directed hook 115 for engagement with the spring 116; the other end of this spring 116 is attached to the functional element 44. This tension spring tightly holds the folding leaf of the valve 104 with such a force, which during the inhalation procedure should be exaggerated by the force of air suction, thanks to which the leaf can open the mentioned hole.

In this position of the mechanism of the dosing key 80, the latch (catch) 117 on the shoulder of the dosing lever 118 engages with the locking edge of the hook 119 in the upper part of the shoulder 120, which extends upwards from the shaft 121 of the folding leaf of the valve 66, as a result of which the movement of the said leaf 66, which could cause air suction, blocked. In this position, the reset of the dosing lever 68 to the initial position is also blocked. The dosing lever 37 can be moved from the mentioned middle position to the position of emptying the dispenser only under the conditions of additional drowning of the dosing key 80 by the action on the dosing lever 37.

During this, the dosing key 80 again passes through the second part of its possible path. Due to this, the engagement of the leaf 66 with the locking edge of the hook 119 in the upper part of the arm 120 is unlocked, and instead the projection 122 of the dosing lever 37 jumps into the slot 123 of the shaft of the valve leaf 121. Since the geometric characteristics of this engagement are completely different (lever arm, etc. )|, the force of air suction turns out to be quite sufficient for the rotation of the folding leaf of the valve and the next release of the dosing lever.

Fig. 16 and 17 show the design of the dosing key mechanism in more detail (Fig. 1b6 is a side view, and Fig. 17 is a plan). The element 84, which serves to activate the mechanism of the dosing key 80, protrudes on the main contour of the body of the inhaler for powder. Two parallel balancers 79 depart from it and continue inside the case; their frontal ends are connected to each other by a spacer 102. The bearing pins 85, which are inserted into the correspondingly installed bushings in the third group of vertical sub-elements 46 of the functional element 44 and form the center of support of the rotary component of the movement 104 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80, extend from the spacer 102 on both sides In the front part of the mystic 102, a spring unit 101 is installed, in the form of a bearing for the return spring of the mechanism of the dosing key 80. After removing the force of activation pressure from it, the return spring immediately begins to press the dosing key 80, returning it to its initial position without affecting the position of the dosing lever . If the metering key 80 is depressed only to such an extent that the impulse transmitter 87 has actually been brought into a tensioned state by the guide lug 124 and again released from this tensioned state due to the effect on the powder cartridge, then the mechanism of the metering key 80 returns to its original position, without affecting the dosing lever 37, that is, the latter remains in its original position.

If the dosing key 80 passes approximately half of the possible path of its drowning, the pin of the drive mechanism 114, located on the outer surface of one or more balancers 79, acts on the locking edge or edge 113 of the dosing lever 37, and the dosing lever 37 moves to the middle position.

The projection 124 for entering into the stressed state of the pulse transmitter 87 continues upwards from the other balancer 79 and further into the device outside the balancer. For this, the leash protrusion acts on the protrusion 124 on the working surface 109 of the transverse spring element 90 of the impulse transmitter 87 and pushes the impulse transmitter 87 away from the powder cartridge. As a result of the rotational movement, the upper end of the drive spring 108, soldered to the impulse transmitter 87, presses on the inner surface of the housing casing as a counter-resistance, while becoming tense. Other support points of the pulse transmitter 87 and the dosing key 80 on the functional element 44 also allow the protrusion 124 to slide off the working surface 109 of the transverse spring element 90 during the movement of the mechanism of the dosing key 80 in the first half of its possible path of its heating, as a result of which the said protrusion 124 acts on powder cartridge using the force of the drive spring 108. This mechanical impulse serves to ensure the correct filling procedure of the dosing container in the dosing carriage of the corresponding dispenser built into the powder cartridge. In order to enable the dosing key 80 to return to its original position and move outside the transverse spring element 90 during this return, said element may be deflected in the transverse direction relative to the direction of rotation of the impulse transmitter. For this, it is provided that the inclined surface, which is on the protrusion 91, which continues from the outer surface of the transverse spring element 90, slides off the inclined surface 125 of the protrusion 124 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80.

The dosing key 80 acts not only on the pulse transmitter, but also on the dosing lever 37 (through the drive pin 114), which is shown in detail in Fig. 18-20. This dosing lever 37 engages with its lateral surfaces 76 on the outside of the powder cartridge.

Fig. 18 is a top view, and Fig. 19 and 20c are side projections. The two lateral surfaces 76 are connected to each other in the front part of the dosing lever 37 by a mystic 126, which forms a support for the indicator symbol 111, and in the back part - 111 moves into the visual control window 112 in the case casing - upon reaching the non-locked (non-blocking) position; thus, the mentioned symbol indicates the readiness of the device for operation.

The pins 77 extend from the outer sides of the lateral surfaces 76 and enter the bushings in the lateral surfaces of the shaft 49 of the functional transport element, as a result of which the metering lever 37 becomes centered relative to the lateral surfaces located against each other, the shaft of the powder cartridge 49 of the functional element. Shoulders 78 extend from the lateral surfaces 76, which are laterally displaced inward, and at the ends of which there are inwardly directed fingers 31 for engagement in the powder cartridge dispenser. The centering movement of the dosing lever 37 relative to the pin 77 leads to a substantially horizontal movement of the fingers 31, which in turn cause the dosing carriage to move horizontally as well. In the upward direction from one of the lateral surfaces 76, a spring arm 128 is located, which, during the movement of the dosing lever 37, causes the driving gear of the spent dose counter device to rotate. This drive gear is mounted in a hole 82 located in the lateral surface 76 in the form of a bearing sleeve.

The rotary movement of the dosing lever 37 occurs due to the fact that the pin 124 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80 responds to the force of the tension spring engaged with the fingers 31. The arm 118 for engagement with the locking elements of the folding valve leaf is located in the rear direction from the mystic 127, below this mystical 126. The hook-like catch 117, which serves as the first blocking element, is attached to the shoulder 118 in the lateral direction. In the edge part of the shoulder 118, there is an engagement hook 122, which serves as the second blocking element. The spring, which engages with the hook 110, holds the dosing lever 37 until the leash projection 114 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80 is engaged in the initial position; fingers 31 move the dosing carriage to the position of filling the dosing container, as schematically shown in Fig.14.

The dosing lever 37 can be returned from this position by the leash protrusion 114 of the mechanism of the dosing key 80 to the first fixed position (middle position); at the same time, the dosing carriage is pushed to the middle position between filling and emptying the dosing container due to the movement of the shoulders 78 and fingers 31.

The mechanism of the dosing key 80, which can be scrolled by 20", while passing about half of the entire possible path. The return movement of the dosing lever 37 from its position to the initial position is blocked due to the fixation of the catch 117 in the blocking edge of the hook 119, located on the upwardly directed shoulder 120 of the folding valve leaf 66, as shown in Fig.15.

The force of the air flow acting on the folding valve leaf 66 due to suction is not sufficient to open this locking engagement, due to the fact that the radii of the catch 117 and the locking edge of the hook 119 of the arm of the folding valve leaf 120 are different. This locking position at the same time blocks the possibility of movement of the hinged valve leaf 66. During further advancement of the dosing lever 37 under the influence of additional immersion of the dosing key 80, the locking clutch of the catch 117 with the locking edge of the hook 119 of the shoulder of the hinged valve leaf 120 opens. When the limit position of the dosing lever 37 is reached, such a position is created in which the fingers 31 on the downwardly directed shoulders 78 of the dosing lever 37 move the dosing carriage from the middle position to the emptying position; fixation of the dosing lever 37 is necessary until the very moment of the start of inhalation - to counteract the return force of the spring that engages with the projection 110 of the dosing lever 37. For this purpose, the shaft 121 of the hinged valve leaf 66 has a slot 123 in which the hook 122 at the end of the arm 118 engages of the dosing lever and is held by its locking edge until the flap valve 66 establishes a sufficient opening for airflow during inhalation. As a result of the delayed opening of the locking connection between the dosing lever 37 and the shaft 121 of the folding valve leaf 66, it is guaranteed that the dosing chamber is empty at the very beginning of inhalation. After opening, the dosing lever 37 is pulled back to the initial position by springs and simultaneously moves the dosing carriage back to the filling position.

Fig. 21-23 shows in detail the design of the folding flap of the valve 66 (top view) and also the cross-section; said folding valve leaf 66 is mounted by means of a shaft 121 with pins wedged in bushings located in the sub-elements of the functional transport element forming the valve chamber.

In order to achieve static balance, the folding leaf of the valve 66 with a shaft 121 and an upwardly directed shoulder 120 also has a weight 129, which extends upwards parallel to the shoulder 120. On this element 129 there is a trunnion facing the shoulder 120, on which a gear is installed that engages in the gap ( groove) of the functional element. When the cartridge is installed in the powder inhaler, it moves this gear.

This movement is transmitted to the folding leaf of the valve 66, as a result of which this leaf is rotated slightly, causing the opening of the dosing lever 37 with the locking elements of the leaf 66 and ensuring that the dosing lever is moved to its initial position by return springs, regardless of its position before the cartridge is inserted.

The shoulder 120 has at the end a hook 119 with an internal locking edge, which can be engaged by the catch 117 of the shoulder of the dosing lever 118, which leads to the formation of a locking engagement between the dosing lever 37 and the flap of the valve 66; this engagement cannot be opened by the force of air suction through the inhaler, but can be opened due to the mechanical force created by the movement of the dosing lever 37.

The spring, which after inhalation pulls the flap of the valve 6b back to the vertical position, engages with the hook 115 located on the shaft 121. The second end of the spring is attached to the functional transport element. In the next phase of movement, the dosing lever 37 unlocks the locking connection of the catch 117 with the hook 119 at the end of the arm 120, which leads - in the limit position of the dosing lever - to the formation of a locking engagement of the hook 122 of the dosing lever 37 in the slot 123-3 with the locking edge in the shaft 121 -3 shoulder 120. In this position of the dosing lever, the device is ready for use.

The engagement of the dosing lever 37 with the hook 122 in the slot 123 is unlocked due to the movement of the folding flap of the valve 66 under the influence of the air flow with a small time delay, as a result of which the dosing lever is pulled back to its initial position by return springs.

Figures 24 and 25 show the remaining details of the medical powder dispersant; said disperser is installed inside the mouthpiece of the powder inhaler.

Fig. 24 shows a longitudinal section of the inhaler for powder (view from above, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis). In this design, the guide plates 53 with bulkheads 54, 130, forming an annular outer wall with slots 55, 131 around the chamber 52, and the powder tube 42 are mounted as a single element.

The truncated-conical connecting element 62 continues in the frontal direction from the guide plate 53. In the center of the plate 53 is the outlet of the chamber 52, from which the outlet tube 61 for air flow departs and continues through the truncated-conical connecting element 62. charged with powder. The base part of the mentioned truncated-conical element is conjugated (in the form of a fragment of a circle) with the front surface of the guide plate 53, which contributes to the deviation of the radial flow of air free from powder along the tube 61 to the opening of the mouthpiece.

The rear wall of the chamber 52 is not shown in this figure; the mentioned wall is a single piece with a functional transport element. The annular outer wall of the chamber 52, formed by the partitions (diaphragms) 54, 130, has a smaller outer diameter than the diameter of the guide plate 53, as a result of which an annular chamber 56 is formed between the inner surface of the mouthpiece wall (not shown) and the outer surface of the chamber wall 52. Air gets inside chamber 52 from said annular chamber 56 through a group of slots 55 oriented in the tangential direction relative to the chamber cavity. A partition (diaphragm) 130 near the bottom wall separates the cavity of the chamber from the end of the powder tube 42, as a result of which the design of the chamber 52 is asymmetrical. A partial flow of air exits from the annular chamber 56 into the cavity located in front of the guide plate 53 through through holes (not shown) located symmetrically and parallel to the edge of the guide plate 53.

The outer wall 132 of the powder tube 42, having an O-shaped cross-section, extends from the rear surface of the guide plate 53 below the horizontal sub-element (not shown) of the functional transport element covering the upper part of the O-shaped profile of the outer wall of the tube. In the rear part of the outer wall tube 132 is structurally provided with a finger for engagement with a slot in the vertical sub-element of the functional transporting element, which ensures the connection of the mentioned fragment of the disperser with the functional transporting element.

The tube for powder 42 has a knee-shaped subfragment 95. This subfragment complicating the cavity of the tube prevents unwanted premature entry of powder into the disperser before the inhalation procedure. For more reliable fixation of this subfragment of the dispersant in the inhaler for powder, a fragment of the wall of the case 98 is attached to the mentioned knee-shaped subfragment 95 with a membrane.

For a better understanding of the design features of the camera 52, Fig. 25 shows a plan view of the rear surface of the guide plate, that is, a view from the middle of the camera 52. In the center is the outlet 60 of the camera 52, which is the beginning of the outlet tube 61, shown in Fig. 24. In this projection, the structure and location of partitions (diaphragms) 57, 130, which form the outer wall of the chamber 52, with tangentially oriented slits 55, 131 separating them, are clearly visible. The end of the powder tube 42 is connected to the inner cavity of the chamber 52 through the slit 131, through which, in fact, the powder enters the chamber 52, which is subsequently subject to grinding and scattering. Additional air flow, designed to create turbulent movement in the mass of powder, for its grinding and dispersion, enters through tangentially oriented slits as a result of the microcyclone created here. The size of the cross-section (width) of the slot 131, through which the powder enters the cavity of the chamber 52 from the tube 42, is approximately twice the size of the cross-section (width) of the slot 55, through which the air enters the chamber. In order to obtain the greatest effect from the grinding and dispersing process, the surface 133 of any of the partitions (diaphragms) 54, 130, which is facing the inner cavity of the chamber 52, is structurally created in such a way that it is a direct continuation of the slot wall; this determines the polygonal shape of the cross-section of the inner surface of the chamber wall 52. The number of angles depends on the number of slots. The presented figure shows seven slots 55 for the intake of air, and the eighth is a slot 131 for the intake of a partial flow of air with powder. The outer wall 132 of the powder tube 42 along a certain portion of the tube 42 is somewhat rougher than elsewhere. A reduction in the thickness of said wall in the area directly in contact with the guide plate 53 is provided in order to create a space for the annular chamber 56 which surrounds the outer surface of the chamber wall. In order to branch off the partial flow of air from the flow of air entering the chamber 52 through slots 55, 131, in this embodiment of the invention, six slots 58 are provided in the guide plate 53, evenly spaced around the circle with an angular interval of 60"; these slots form through holes for passage air from the annular chamber 56 outside the guide plate 53 into the cavity in front of the guide plate 53. The number of holes and their location are selected in such a way as to create a cross-section suitable for reliable separation of only that partial flow of air from the flow that is intended to disperse the powder.

The total volume of air sucked into the inhaler for the powder during its use is first of all divided into two subflows, one of which transports the powder from the dosing container of the dosing carriage through the tube 42 into the cavity of the chamber 52. The second subflow enters the inhaler into the annular chamber 56 , which surrounds the chamber 52, and is divided into a component that forms the surrounding flow and a dispersing subflow that disperses the medicinal powder in the chamber 52. The mentioned component of the total flow of air, which serves for dispersing, enters the cavity of the chamber through the slots 55 and disintegrates in this chamber 52 by a partial flow of air transporting the powder; the mentioned powder, entering the chamber 52, is disintegrated in it due to the creation of a microcyclone effect and is crushed and dispersed in small particles in the air.

Figure 25 also shows the O-shaped profile of the outer wall 132 of the powder tube 42, together with the element 98 of the powder inhaler body connected to the wall 132 of the powder tube 42 by a diaphragm.

List of items by reference numbers in the text 1 Cartridge for pharmaceutical powder 2 Reservoir for powder

C Straight elements of the side wall of the cartridge 4 Curved elements of the side wall of the cartridge

Guide ribs 6 Upper edge of the cartridge 7 Lower part of the cartridge 8 Outlet 9 Lower membrane-like elements of the side wall 101a

Funnel-shaped element 11 Membrane-like wall 12 Cartridge base 13 Dosing carriage tube 14 Dosing carriage

The upper wall of the dosing carriage tube 16 Discharge hole 17 Blow hole 18 Air cleaning tube 19 Air cleaning tube membrane

Air cleaning tube membrane 21 Cartridge upper outer edge 22 Cartridge cap 23 Annular gap 24 Connecting element

Inspection window 26 Hole of mechanical engagement 27 Toothed transmission wheel 28 Dosing container 29 Elbow of the tube of the dosing carriage

Slots in the side walls of the dosing carriage tube 31 Fingers for actuating the dosing lever 32 Projecting element 33 Stopper 34 Slot in the base of the cartridge

Key groove 36 Grooves 37 Dosing lever 38 Inhaler for powder 39 Projection (increase)

Dosing carriage knees 41 Projection (bump) 42 Powder tube 43 Powder inhaler body 44 Functional transport element

Rear wall of the chamber, plate 46 Vertical element, ribs of the functional transport element 47 Vertical element, ribs of the functional transport element 48 Plate of the functional transport element (vertical sub-element of the functional transport element) 49 The second vertical sub-element of the functional transport element, intended for a powder cartridge with parallel surfaces ( side walls), located at a distance from each other

Mouthpiece 51 Disperser 52 Camera 53 Guide plate 54 Diaphragms (partitions) of the outer wall of the camera

Slots that are tangentially directed through the outer wall of the chamber 56 Annular chamber surrounding the chamber located in the center 57 Central hole of the mouthpiece 58 Through holes in the guide plate 59 Annular gap in front of the guide plate 60 Outlet hole 61 Outlet channel 62 Truncated-conical shape with connecting element 63 Annular membrane of the mouthpiece 64 Through holes for air 65 Valve chamber 66 Folding valve leaf 67 Valve chamber opening 68 Guide slides 69 Powder inhaler cap

70 Grooves (grooves) on the outer surface of the case

71 Upper edge

72 Bearing surface for the powder cartridge on the functional transport element 73 Membranes on the functional transport element

74 Membranes on the inner surface of casings (shells) 75 Locking elements

76 Lateral surfaces of the dosing lever

77 Dosing lever bearing pin

78 The shoulders of the dosing lever are directed downwards

79 Dosing key balancers

80 Dosing key

81 Toothed gear, transmission wheel

82 Hole (socket) in the side surface of the dosing lever

83 Return spring for the dosing lever

84 Detail of the dosing key

85 Bearing pin of the dosing key mechanism

86 The first vertical sub-elements of the functional transport element (arms) 87 Impulse transmitter

88 Hammer (percussion), hammer element

89 Impulse transmitter shaft

90 Transverse spring element

91 Projection of the transverse spring element

92 Inclined surface protrusion of transverse spring element 93 Plunger

94 Gap in the functional transporting element

95 Knee-shaped element ("pocket") of the powder tube

96 Through-holes in the functional transport element 97 Diaphragm, vertical sub-element of the functional transport element 98 Body casing element

99 Bearing for the return spring of the dosing key mechanism 100 Return spring of the dosing key mechanism

101 Spring block

102 Mystic

103 Transverse tube

104 Axis of rotation (center of support) of the dosing key mechanism

105 Inspection window

106 Plate spring for pressing the cap

107 The lever of the impulse transmitter

108 Soldered (to the leash projection) spring of the impulse transmitter 109 Working surface of the impulse transmitter

110 Engaging projection, hook

111 Indication symbol

112 Window

113 Locking edge on the lateral surface of the dosing lever 114 Pin on the dosing key mechanism for the dosing lever 115 Hook on the valve flap shaft

116 Spring

117 Hook-shaped catch on the shoulder of the dosing lever

118 Arm of the dosing lever

119 Hook on the shoulder of the folding leaf of the valve

120 Upward arm of the flap flap

121 The shaft of the folding leaf of the valve

122 Hook of the arm of the dosing key mechanism

123 Slot in the shaft of the folding leaf

124 Protrusion on the dosing key mechanism

125 The inclined surface of the dosing key mechanism

126 Mystics connecting the lateral surfaces of the dosing lever 127 Mystics connecting the lateral surfaces of the dosing lever 128 Shoulder of the spring element

129 Weight

130 Membranes (partitions) of the outer wall of the chamber

131 Slots that are tangentially directed through the outer wall of the chamber 132 Outer wall of the powder tube

133 The inner surface of the membranes of the outer wall of the chamber and a

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Claims (47)

1. Cartridge for pharmaceutical powder for powder inhalers designed to introduce a large number of doses of pharmaceutical powder, containing a reservoir for storing pharmaceutical powder and at least one integrated dosing mechanism, including at least one dosing container for placing therein a predetermined amount of pharmaceutical powder, which characterized in that said dosing mechanism includes a dosing carriage capable of moving at least from the filling position to the emptying position in a substantially transverse direction relative to the direction of flow of pharmaceutical powder into said dosing container, and said dosing carriage is placed below the pharmaceutical powder storage tank if the cartridge is oriented such in such a way that the pharmaceutical powder gets the opportunity to flow from the specified reservoir into the specified dosing capacity of the dosing carriage under the influence of gravity. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the dosing carriage is installed with the possibility of movement to the powder transport position. 3. Cartridge according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that the dosing carriage is fixed in the powder transport position by spring-elastic parts. 4. A cartridge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a cap, inserted in a position limited by the upper edge of the cartridge, for closing the reservoir containing a large number of doses of pharmaceutical powder, the side wall of the reservoir tapering to a funnel shape and passing into the outlet in the lower part of the cartridge, a device for holding the dosing mechanism and a purge air supply mechanism installed on the side outside the tank to ensure emptying of the dosing capacity of the dosing mechanism in the emptying position. 5. Cartridge according to claim 4, which is characterized by the fact that the device for holding the dosing mechanism is a tube of the dosing carriage installed under the lower part of the tank, and contains a movable dosing carriage as a dosing mechanism, and in the filling position of the dosing carriage, the dosing container is placed in in the area of the purge air supply mechanism for complete emptying of the dosing container, as well as in the area of the discharge hole installed in accordance with the purge air supply mechanism. 6. The cartridge according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the tube of the dosing carriage is open from the sides for most of its length across the direction of movement of the dosing carriage so that the activation mechanism can control the location of the dosing carriage and move it. 7. A cartridge according to one of claims 4-6, which is characterized by the fact that when the dosing carriage is placed in the transport position, the dosing capacity of the dosing carriage is located outside the area of the cartridge outlet and the purge air supply mechanism. 8. The cartridge according to one of the previous items, which is characterized in that the dosing carriage has an IO-shaped cross-section, and on the outer sides of the knees there are slots for engaging the activating mechanism for moving the carriage through the grooves with the side walls of the tube of the dosing carriage, while the dosing carriage has on the end facing away from the dosing container, a protruding element with a downwardly directed stopper for engagement in a corresponding groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the base of the cartridge, as well as a keyway for a protrusion facing the dosing carriage tube for engagement with the upper wall of the dosing carriage tube. 9. The cartridge according to claim 4, characterized in that an outer edge protrudes above its upper edge, and the cap has a connecting element, which, after inserting the cap, forms a tight bend to the edge, and the outer shape of the cap protruding outwards from the connecting element of the element, continues above the upper edge of the cartridge and the annular gap into the periphery from the inner side of the outer edge and is wedged within the outer edge of the cartridge. 10. The cartridge according to one of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the cartridge cap, the dosing carriage and the cartridge with a built-in dosing device are made of thermoplastic material in the form of parts separate from the dosing carriage. 11. The cartridge according to one of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that the pharmaceutical cartridge has an inspection window on its reverse side for monitoring the position of the dosing carriage. 12. The cartridge according to one of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that a device for visual control of the number of spent doses of drugs or the number of doses remaining in the cartridge is built into its upper edge. 13. The cartridge according to claim 12, which is characterized by the fact that the visual control device is made in the form of a strip of plastic film or a ring installed with the possibility of movement along the circle formed by the upper edge of the cartridge. 14. A cartridge according to claim 13, characterized in that the strip of plastic film or ring is equipped with teeth to move along the circle formed by the upper edge of the cartridge. 15. A cartridge according to one of claims 13 or 14, which is characterized by the fact that in the area of its upper edge there is an annular gap in which the mentioned strips of plastic film or a ring are installed. 16. The cartridge according to claim 15, which is characterized by the fact that the annular gap is externally limited by the outer edge, which has a cutout in the form of an inspection window at least in one point of the circle formed by it, for external control of the position of the said strip or ring. 17. A cartridge according to one of claims 15, 16, which is characterized by the fact that the annular gap is made open to the bottom at least in one point of the circle formed by it, for placing in it a transmission wheel for moving the mentioned strips or rings. 18. The cartridge according to one of claims 12-17, which is characterized by the fact that the visual control device is equipped with a scale that shows the number of already spent doses of medicine or the amount of medicine remaining in the cartridge. 19. An inhaler for powdered medications, which provides for the delivery of medication to the user by means of an air stream, containing a housing with chambers and one or more air holes and a mouthpiece for inhalation, characterized in that said inhaler contains a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder with a dosing mechanism , which includes at least one dosing container for a predetermined amount of pharmaceutical powder and a dosing carriage and a device for actuating the specified dosing carriage by moving it from the filling position to the emptying position are placed below the indicated container. 20. The inhaler according to claim 19, which is characterized by the fact that it additionally contains a locking mechanism to prevent the return of the dosing carriage to the filling position before removing the dose of powdered medication from the inhaler. 21. The inhaler according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that it contains a protective mechanism to prevent the formation of an air flow with a dose of powdered medication before the dosing carriage reaches the emptying position. 22. An inhaler for powdered medications, which provides for the delivery of medication to the user by means of an air stream, containing a housing with chambers and one or more air holes and a mouthpiece for inhalation, characterized in that said inhaler contains a cartridge for pharmaceutical powder with a dosing mechanism , which includes at least one dosing container for a predetermined amount of pharmaceutical powder and placed below said container a dosing carriage and a device for activating said dosing carriage by moving it from the filling position to the emptying position, and the inhaler additionally includes a visual control device for indicating the state of readiness for direct discharge of a dose of powdered medication. 23. An inhaler according to claim 22, which is characterized by the fact that it contains a visual control device for indicating the state of consumption of a dose of a powdered medication. 24. The inhaler according to one of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that it contains a device for removing, outside the inhaler, the indications of the device for visual control of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge according to one of claims 1-18, inserted into the inhaler. 25. The inhaler according to one of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that the visual control devices and the device for taking readings of the visual control device of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge according to one of claims 1-18, inserted into the inhaler, are located in the part of the inhaler that the mouthpiece for inhalation. 26. The inhaler according to one of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that the visual control devices and the device for taking readings of the visual control device of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge according to one of claims 1-18, inserted into the inhaler, are located on the inhaler in the field of vision of the user when using the inhaler . 27. The inhaler according to claim 19, which is characterized by the fact that it includes channels for the passage of one or more air flows and a disperser placed in the mouthpiece, located with the possibility of formation during inhalation of an air flow with a dispersed powder medication surrounded by an external component of the air flow. 28. The inhaler according to claim 27, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned passage channels also include a tube for powder, which houses an additional container for collecting pharmaceutical powder with the possibility of its metered supply into the mentioned channels. 29. An inhaler according to one of the previous items, which is characterized by having a mouthpiece removable from the body, a cavity that is closed by a cap, for inserting a pharmaceutical cartridge according to one of claims 1-18 with a dosing device built into it, as well as a dosing key on the upper part of the body. 30. The inhaler according to claim 29, which is characterized by the fact that a functional transport element with a horizontal and a whole series of vertical sub-elements of the receiving-transmitting mechanism interacting with the pharmaceutical powder cartridge, after its installation in the powder inhaler, is located inside the body and the mouthpiece, and with its dosing device, and the horizontal surface of the receiving-transmitting mechanism as part of the functional transport element for the installed cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder, while said surface has through holes that are spatially coordinated with the discharge hole of the dosing mechanism built into the cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder. 31. An inhaler according to one of claims 27 or 30, which is characterized by the fact that the disperser is connected by a powder tube to a through hole in the support surface of the functional transport element, while having parts intended for branching from the air flow supplied to the disperser for dispersion of powdered medication, a partial air flow without powder surrounding the powder-charged part of the air flow exiting the disperser. 32. An inhaler according to one of claims 30 or 31, which is characterized by the fact that, in particular, it contains a pulse transmitter connected to the first vertical sub-elements of the functional transport element, located in parallel at a distance from each other, designed to transmit a mechanical pulse to inserted pharmaceutical cartridge. 33. An inhaler according to one of claims 30-32, which is characterized by the fact that, in particular, it contains a dosing lever connected to a second vertical sub-element with two side surfaces of a functional transport element, which are located parallel at a distance from each other, intended for activating the dosing mechanism built into the pharmaceutical powder cartridge, the parts of the dosing key mechanism that pass through the body and the frontal parts of which are connected to certain points of the side surfaces, located in parallel at a distance from each other, of the second vertical element of the functional transport element, at these parts are engaged with the parts of the dosing lever, with the possibility of rotation of the dosing lever around its center, the parts for activating the impulse transmitter. 34. An inhaler according to one of claims 30-33, which is characterized by the fact that it contains sub-elements of the functional transport element, which form a valve chamber on the back side of its horizontal part, with an opening in the back part of the container of the housing, and the said opening is closed by a folding flap of the valve , connected to the sub-elements of the functional transport element, while the valve chamber is connected to the disperser through the air tube, and the partial air flow tube is branched from the air tube of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge to divert the partial air flow through the dosing mechanism into the tube for powder, with the possibility of doses of powdered medicine falling from the dosing mechanism into the disperser. 35. The inhaler according to claim 34, which is characterized by the fact that the flap of the valve has a shaft near its upper edge with outwardly directed pins that are wedged in the bushings of sub-elements of the functional transport element forming the walls of the valve chamber, while the shaft has a slot with a locking edge, and the shoulder is extended upwards from the shaft to the slot, and at the end of the mentioned shoulder a hook with a locking edge is structurally provided. 36. The inhaler according to claim 34, which is characterized in that the second vertical sub-element of the functional transport element is an element with two side walls, the inner cross section of which corresponds to the outer contour of the cartridge for the pharmaceutical powder inserted into it, and between the side walls of the element and the side walls the walls of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge provide space for the dosing lever and parts of the dosing key mechanism. 37. The inhaler according to claim 34, which is characterized by the fact that the disperser has a chamber formed by a guide plate in the form of a front wall, a plate in the form of a back wall and fragments of the outer wall located between them, and the outer diameter of the mentioned chamber is smaller than the inner diameter of the mouthpiece, which surrounds the disperser, due to which an annular chamber is formed that surrounds the chamber, while the outer wall of the chamber is divided into bulkheads by a group of slots extending tangentially into the cavity of the chamber, and the outer diameter of the guide plate is larger than the outer diameter of the chamber, due to which its edge is tightly adheres to the inner surface of the mouthpiece walls, and the guide plate has an outlet hole in the center, from which the outlet tube is extended through a truncated-conical connecting element attached to the front side of the guide plate, on the periphery of the guide plate there are through holes that are symmetrically distributed along circles and through which powder-free air enters from the annular chamber into the space in front of the guide plate, the front end of the powder tube, which starts from the back of the guide plate, is externally connected to one of the slots, the rear end of the powder tube, which continues downwards towards support surface, made with the possibility of fixing in the vertical sub-element of the functional transport element, the said vertical sub-element continues down to the inner surface of the case. 38. The inhaler according to claim 37, which is characterized by the fact that the surface facing the inner cavity of the chamber of each of the partitions that form the outer wall of the chamber is a continuation of the wall of the slot, due to which the cross section of the chamber is a polygon. 39. The inhaler according to claim 34, which is characterized by the fact that the first vertical sub-elements of the functional element are shoulders that continue upwards from the horizontal part of the functional element behind the support surface and have bushings in their upper parts, the impulse transmitter has a lever with a hammer-like element that continues in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the powder inhaler, in the lower part, with the shaft - in the upper part, the externally directed pins of the said shaft fit into the bushings in the shoulders, in the lower part of the lever there is a laterally displaced and upwardly directed transverse spring element, with the possibility of deflection only perpendicular to impulse transmitter, the drive spring extending from the bottom is welded to the impulse transmitter. 40. An inhaler according to claim 39, which is characterized in that it has a protrusion with an inclined surface on the transverse spring element of the impulse transmitter, on its side facing away from the lever. 41. The inhaler according to claim 34, which is characterized by the fact that between the body wall and the side wall of the element there is a means for activating the visual control device built into the upper edge of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge to check the amount of doses consumed from the powder pharmaceutical cartridge. 42. The powder inhaler according to claim 41, characterized in that the means for activating the visual control device is a gear wheel that engages in said visual control device and is mounted on a trunnion protruding from the upper edge of the housing, and said gear wheel is actuated a toothed gear connected to a toothed transmission wheel having a smaller number of teeth, and said gear is installed through an oval hole in the side surface of the dosing lever in a bushing in the side surface of the element. 43. The inhaler according to claim 34, which is characterized by the fact that the parts of the dosing key mechanism are two parallel balancers, the distance between which is slightly greater than the width of the pharmaceutical powder cartridge, as a result of which, during insertion, the pharmaceutical powder cartridge is pushed through the space between the balancers, and the front edges of the balancers are connected to each other by a bridge, from which the trunnions extend to both sides in bushings located in the third vertical sub-elements, and the bridge in the frontal part has a stepped bearing for the return spring, the other end of which is fixed in a detail on the back surface of the vertical plate functional element. 44. An inhaler according to claim 34, which is characterized by the fact that the parts on the balancers of the dosing key mechanism are pins on the outer surface of the balancers for engagement on the dosing lever and a protrusion that continues upward from the other balancer, and the specified protrusion continues beyond the balancer also on the reverse side, to activate the pulse transmitter, while the distance between the pins of the drive mechanism and the center of rotation of the dosing key mechanism is smaller than the distance from the protrusion, to engage the protrusion on the transverse spring element of the pulse transmitter from less pressure on the dosing key than when the pin of the drive mechanism is engaged on dosing lever, with the possibility of unlocking the engagement of the protrusion on the element of the transverse spring of the impulse transmitter during further movement of the dosing lever up to the engagement of the drive mechanism trunnion. 45. An inhaler according to claim 35, characterized in that the dosing lever has two side surfaces spaced apart from each other, the edges of said side surfaces are connected to each other by bridges, forming an annular element around the cartridge for pharmaceutical powder, at a distance from it, trunnions continue outward from the side surfaces, in their upper parts, in the bushings of the side walls of the shaft, in connection with which the dosing lever is centered in the longitudinal direction relative to the powder inhaler, and the side surface has an inclined, directed downward, fixing edge for the drive pin of the dosing mechanism keys, the metering lever having a mechanism for engagement with the metering device built into the lower part of the powder cartridge, for locking the locking edge of the slot in the shaft of the flap valve and for locking the locking edge of the hook on the shoulder, which continues upwards from the shaft to the slot, is structurally provided details to ensure the possibility of fixing the dosing lever in the middle position, different from its initial position, as well as in the limit position. 46. An inhaler according to claim 45, which is characterized in that the dosing lever has on one of its side surfaces a protrusion for hook engagement with the return spring, and the other end of the return spring is fixed by a hook located on the horizontal element of the functional transport element, the sub-element of which forms the upper part valve chamber, and the force of the return spring is not sufficient to open the locking of the dosing lever in the middle position and in the limit position, but it is sufficient for the possibility of pulling back the dosing lever to the initial position after unlocking the locking in the final position. 47. An inhaler according to one of claims 45 or 46, which is characterized by the fact that the parts located on the dosing lever and intended for engagement with the dosing device are fingers extending from the shoulders, displaced in the lateral direction in the annular element against the side surface, and continue down towards each other, through the slots in the side shafts of the tube of the dosing carriage into the slots in the side edges of the dosing carriage, which is located with the possibility of movement back and forth in the tube of the dosing carriage of the dosing mechanism.