UA53778C2 - Device for measuring forces generated by imbalance of a rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for measuring the forces which are generated by the imbalance of a rotor (1), especially of an automobile wheel. The device comprises a measuring shaft (2) which is mounted in such a way that it can rotate about its axis (23) and to which the rotor (1) is fixed in order to carry out the measurement, and a mounting arrangement (3) for mounting the measuring shaft (2) on a stationary frame (6). The mounting (3) has dynamometers (4, 5) and an intermediate frame (7) on which the measuring shaft (2) is supported by a first dynamometer (4) and at least one virtual bearing (24). The intermediate frame (7) is supported on the stationary frame (6) by another dynamometer (5) This results in reduced forced dynamics compared to conventional machines with a floating mounting.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the device according to item 1 of the formula, known from the German application 3332978. 2 The known device for measuring the forces generated by rotor imbalance, the measuring shaft of which is located in two supports spaced along the axis, on which the force sensor in the hollow body rests in rotation. The body is installed in a fixed frame.

From European application 343265, a balancing machine is known, in which the support of the measuring shaft is wobbly mounted on a fixed frame, and the sensor is located between the support and the fixed frame. Also in application 70 of Germany 3330880 a support of a rotating measuring shaft is described, where an axially spaced measuring transformer rests on a fixed frame.

From European application 133229, a machine for balancing automobile wheels is known, where a measuring shaft with a force sensor rests on a stationary frame. To achieve dynamic balance, two support planes of the measuring shaft are provided, where two force sensors are located. 12 In European application 58860, a balancing machine for bodies of rotation is described, in which the measuring shaft is rotatably located in a flat box vertically mounted on the floor of the machine. A support for the measuring shaft is provided on the top of the box. Positioning of the box is carried out by the lever of the sensor located in its right corner, the direction of force input of which passes in the vertical plane. In this way, one sensor perceives the static component, while the second determines the resulting dynamic imbalance forces, formed during the rotation of the vertical elastically compliant box around the axis line.

German patent 1698164 describes an oscillating (supercritical) measuring system, where the rotor support consists of leaf springs mounted obliquely on top of each other, the extensions of which form a virtual point of intersection in the equilibrium plane of a balanced rotor. Both inclined leaf springs rest on an intermediate plate of parallel leaf springs vertically mounted on the base plate. With the help of vibration transducers, the oscillations of the leaf springs created by the imbalance of the rotor are converted into the corresponding Ge) signals.

From the patents of the Federal Republic of Germany 1027427 and 1044531, a device based on spring rods or flat springs is known, which form rocking supports with hinges in the thinnings in the balancing machine.

In known devices, force sensors located at measurement points in support planes send signals proportional to centrifugal forces arising from rotor imbalance and causing reactive forces measured in support planes or measurement points. In standard measuring systems for machine tools, where the balancing of car wheels is carried out, the measuring shaft and the rotor mounted on it are usually held in rocking supports. Recalculation of the dynamic imbalance of the rotor on both planes of equilibrium is carried out according to the law of force-lever of statics. The magnitude of the forces determined by the sensors in both planes of the support 325 depends on the distance between the rotor and both sensors. Since these distances are significantly different, if the sensitivity of one of the transducers changes under various influences (temperature changes, shocks, overloads, shaking during transportation, moisture, etc.), significant errors occur in determining the calculated balanced masses in the corresponding plane. "

The invention is based on the task of creating a device based on known technology, in which changes in the sensitivity of one of the sensors for the above reasons would have only a minor effect on the determination of the balance of masses in the planes of equilibrium, for example, through the determination of counterweights. c" According to the invention, this task is solved using the features given in item 1 of the formula.

For this purpose, an intermediate frame is attached to the measuring shaft in the corresponding sensor support plane, which is attached to the fixed frame above the second force sensor. Therefore, both sensors are in two support systems to determine the imbalance, and each sensor is associated with one of the support systems. Both support systems are located between the measuring shaft and a fixed frame, for example, with a balancing machine for performing unbalance measurements and balancing automobile wheels. Therefore, the sensors can be located in different, but belonging to the same intermediate frame, planes or in the social and support system. -And 20 When forming both specified support systems, at least one additional support of the measuring shaft is provided, which has the properties of a virtual support. It is also possible to provide only one additional plane of support corresponding to the virtual support, located between two balance planes of the rotor or between the sensor plane and the rotor.

Preferably, both sensors are located in a common plane of support, perpendicular to the axis of the measuring 22 shaft. The sensors measuring the input reactive forces are located in parallel, in particular, coaxially with each other in

GF) to the common support plane. However, sensors can be located in the zone of axial extension of the intermediate frame in different support planes. o The optimal implementation of the invention consists in the fact that the measuring shaft rests in the corresponding first sensor support plane and in the virtual support point on the intermediate frame, the intermediate frame rests in the 60 support plane above the second sensor on the fixed frame, and the control parallelogram is hinged to the fixed frame . Support planes corresponding to virtual support points can also be formed between a rotor, in particular, a car wheel, and a support plane in which both sensors are located, or preferably between two equilibrium planes of a rotor, in particular, a car wheel.

The intermediate frame can be attached by a pair of support arms with hinges at the ends to the fixed frame. Also, because the measuring shaft can be attached to the intermediate frame by a pair of support levers with hinges at the ends. The axes of each joint are perpendicular to the plane where the forces from the sensors are applied and to the axis of the measuring shaft.

A pair of support arms connecting the intermediate frame to the fixed frame can simultaneously control the intermediate frame from the fixed frame in parallel. For this, the levers are located parallel to each other. However, it is also possible to arrange the support arms at an angle to each other so that the apex of the angle is on or near the axis of the measuring shaft. The hinges of the support levers are located in the corners of the trapezoid formed by the levers. With such a design, virtual support points appear on the outside of the rotor. Virtual points of support of the measuring shaft on the intermediate frame inside the rotor, in particular, between the balance planes, can be created by the support levers located at an angle to each other so that their hinges are in the corners of the trapezoid. Support arms are manufactured in a known manner as rigid flat parts by stamping, casting, forging, etc., together with hinges, providing transmission from force sensors, for example, in an essentially linear and coaxial direction. A block of support arms from flat parts can be manufactured as a solid product, in which the flat parts are rigid in bending and only the linear hinges are elastically compliant. Hinges can form at weak points, such as narrowings between individual 7/5 Flexurally rigid parts. In this way, elastically pliable hinge axes between bending-hard flat parts are obtained. Due to the corresponding arrangement, parallel or at an angle, the desired virtual support points are formed, as described above, which in each plane of the support run linearly along the axes of the support.

The virtual reference points are also the measurement points provided in the frame counter of the balancing machine, which are virtual measurement points.

Examples

The drawings show variants of the invention, which will be considered further, namely:

Fig. 1 - the first embodiment;

Fig. 2 - the second embodiment;

Fig. 3 - the third version of execution; high school

Fig. 4 - the fourth embodiment;

Fig. 5 - the fifth variant of execution; (8)

Fig. 6 - the sixth version of execution;

Fig. 7 - a top view of the measuring device and the support of the measuring shaft for the variants of Fig. 1, C and 5;

Fig. 8 is a front view from above in perspective of the measuring device of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a side view from above in perspective of the measuring device of Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is the seventh embodiment. -

The drawings schematically show the rotor 71, which is mounted on the measuring shaft 2 in a known manner through a clamping device (not shown) to determine the imbalance. The measuring shaft 2 is rotatably installed in a stationary frame 6. It can be a frame of a wheel balancing machine. Stopping is carried out by means of support C, which will be described later and which contains force sensors 4, 5. Support C can be a tubular rotary support 26, in which the measuring shaft 2 is rotatably installed. The support 26 with shaft 2 is immovably fixed in the first support plane 8 on the intermediate frame 7 above the sensor 4. Support levers 13, 14 form a lever pair at an angle to each other and are directed to the virtual support point 24 in the second support plane 9.

The fulcrum 24 serves as a movable axis perpendicular to the axis 23 of the measuring shaft 2 and the direction of the forces that are formed as a result of reactive forces when measuring the imbalance by the sensor 4. At their ends, the levers 13 and 14 are connected by hinges 19 and 22 to the intermediate frame 7 and hinges 20, 21 with a rotating support 26 of shaft 2. The axes of the hinges 19-22 run parallel to the moving axis formed at the virtual support point. Virtual point of support;" 24 can be located between the rotor 1 and the support plane 8, in which the sensors 4 and 5 are located (Fig. 1 and 2). However, the virtual support point 24 can also be located between the equilibrium planes 27 and 28, in which balancing is carried out, for example, by adding counterweights (Figs. 5 and 6). c The intermediate frame 7 rests on a fixed frame b above the sensor 5. The sensor 5 can be located in the support plane 8, perpendicular to the measuring shaft 2. It is also possible to place the sensor 5 in the axial direction of the shaft 2 in another support plane. The intermediate frame 7 rests through a pair of support levers 11 and 12 on the fixed frame 6. The support levers 11, 12 are connected to the fixed frame 6 by hinges 15, 16, and to the intermediate frame 7 by hinges 17, 18 (fig. 1, 3 , 5, 10) and hinges 19, 22 (fig. 2, 4, 6). The intermediate frame 7 is made in the form of a rigid support block or a frame rigid in bending. c In the variants of execution according to Fig. 1 - 2 and 5 - 9, the support levers 11, 12 are essentially parallel to each other and to the axis 23 of shaft 2. Levers 11 and 12 form a control parallelogram, essentially perpendicular to the axis 23 of shaft 2 and the direction of forces , which are formed as a result of determining the imbalance by sensor 5.

In the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 3, 4, 10, the levers 11, 12 are located at an acute angle, the top of which lies on the axis 23 of the shaft 2 or near it. This vertex forms a second virtual support point in the support plane 10 z

Ф) of the outer side of the rotor 1, perpendicular to the shaft 2. 10, the virtual support point 25 and the support plane 10 are located on the shown dashed-dotted extension of the shaft 2, which forms a longitudinal extension of the support C of the shaft 2. The support point 25 and the corresponding plane 10 are from the opposite support From the side of the rotor 1.

The virtual support point 25 also has the properties of a moving axis perpendicular to the axis 23 of the shaft 2 and the direction of the forces from the sensors 4 and 5. In the examples given, these forces are directed towards the support plane 8. To create the properties of the moving axis at each virtual support point 24, 25, the axes of the hinges 15 - 22 run parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis 23 of the shaft 2 and the direction of the reactive forces from the sensors 4 and 5 to the support plane b5 8.

In the variant according to Fig. 3 and 4 on both sides of the rotor 1, namely on the outer and inner sides of the rotor,

formed support planes 9 and 10 with virtual support points 24 and 25. Virtual support points 24 and 25 have properties of virtual measurement points. The forces G of the virtual support point 24 come from the sensor 5, and the forces

To the virtual support point 25 - from sensor 4. The sensors send the corresponding signals Y" and KK. Since the virtual support points 24 and 25 are also virtual measurement points, so when the centrifugal forces caused by the rotor imbalance appear in the left support plane, the sensor 5 shows a greater of these forces, proportional to signal I", and the signal does not appear on sensor 4. When the centrifugal force K caused by the imbalance of the rotor appears in the right support plane 10, only the sensor 4 sends a proportional signal K", while the sensor 5 does not signal anything. In this way, a rocking support is formed, with the help of which the balance planes 27 /o and 28 arise on the rotor and between the virtual measurement points or virtual measurement planes, which coincide with the virtual support planes 9 and 10, as shown in Fig. 3 and 4. Under the action of the forces caused by the imbalance of the rotor between the support planes 9 and 10 in these planes (virtual measurement planes ) support forces are formed according to the distance between the support points and corresponding measurement signals are received from sensors 4 and 5.

In the variants of execution according to Fig. 17 and 2 and 5 - 9, the virtual support points are at an infinite or relatively long distance, for example, from 3 to 20 m and more, and the support levers 11 and 12 act parallel to the intermediate frame 7. In these variants , if in the plane of support 9 (virtual plane of measurement) in the virtual point of resistance (virtual point of measurement) a centrifugal force caused by the imbalance of the rotor appears (I in Fig. 1 and 2, 5 in Fig. 5 and 6), this force enters only to the sensor 5, which sends a signal proportional to it "I" or

Q. There is no signal on sensor 4. Regardless of the distance to the place of introduction of the centrifugal force, the sensor 5, controlled in parallel from the intermediate frame 7, provides a signal proportional only to the magnitude of the centrifugal force.

The sensor 4, on the contrary, sends a signal M' proportional not only to the magnitude of the centrifugal force, and therefore to the magnitude of the imbalance, but also to the distance from the point of force input to the plane of support 9 or the virtual point of support 24.

In the variants of execution according to Fig. 1, C, 5 and 10, as well as Fig. 7 - 9, the intermediate frame 7 rests on the fixed frame 6 with the help of a pair of support levers 11 and 12, and on the tubular support 26 of the shaft 2 with the help pairs of support levers 13 and 14 in the direction of the shaft axis 2. Pairs of levers in the variants of Fig. 3 and 4 are inclined in one direction. In i) variant according to Fig. 5 and 10, the direction of inclination of the levers 11, 12 is opposite to the direction of inclination of a pair of levers 13, 14. In the variants of execution according to Fig. 2, 4 and 6, the intermediate frame 7 rests on the fixed frame 6, and the tubular support 26 of the measuring shaft 2 on the intermediate support 7 with the help of corresponding pairs of support levers 11, 12 and 13, 14, which are located next to or above each other. Due to this, the hinges 17, 19 and 18, 22 interact with the corresponding hinges 19, 21 on the intermediate frame 7, as shown in Fig. 2, 4 and 6. -

Support levers 11 - 14 can be rigid flat parts, they can be stamped solid, M performing hinges at weak points, for example, in the form of narrowings. As can be seen in Fig. 7 - 9, the flat part from which the support levers 11 - 14 are made also has a locking plate 33, which is part of the locking device 29. The locking plate 33 is firmly attached, for example, welded, to the tubular support 26. Yu

An additional element of the locking device 29 is also a stop corner 34 welded to the stop plate 33 and the tubular support 26. The drawings show the upper stop corner 34. It is also possible to provide a lower stop corner. The upper and lower stop corners 34 can be made as a continuous part, into which a tubular support 26 is inserted through a hole and welded. Thus, a rigid bending connection is formed. 21 with c are located between the support levers 13 and 14 and the locking plate 33.

Fixing plates 37, 38 and 40, 41 can also be made from the same sheet as the support levers 11-14. ;" The mounting plates are rigidly, for example, on bolts or in some other way, connected to the fixed frame 6. They carry out the attachment of the support levers 11 and 12, with the help of which the intermediate frame 7 rests on the fixed frame 6. Between the fixing plates 37 and 38 and the flat parts , which form the support levers 11 and 12, there are weak areas or narrowings, which are hinges 15 and 16. The weak areas have a convex, in particular semicircular, section. o The continuous fastening plates 40 and 41 are rigidly attached, for example, by bolts or welding, -I to the side surfaces of the intermediate frame 7. Between the fastening plates 37 and 38 and the levers 11, 12 there are weak areas or narrowings that form hinges 17 and 18 . Between flat parts that are supporting

brads 13 and 14, there are weak areas or narrowings that form hinges 19 and 22. Thus, almost the entire support C is created from one sheet of metal, with the help of which the measuring shaft 2 is attached to the fixed frame 6 | which forms virtual support points and measurement points.

The parallel direction of the intermediate frame 7 to the stationary frame 6 is essentially carried out by the fact that the convex ov Narrowings 15, 17 and 16, 18 on both sides of the support levers 11 and 12 lie in parallel planes 35 and 36, providing control with the help of levers 11 and 12. Narrowings 15, 17 and 16, 18 are in the opposite

F) the planes formed by the flat levers 11 and 12. The supporting levers 11 and 12 form an angle with their extreme vertices, thanks to which, as explained above, parallel control is carried out in the parallel planes 35 and 36. In this way, the measuring devices of Figs. 1 and 5 are obtained. To obtain the measuring device of Fig. 3, you can tilt the levers 11 and 12 at a correspondingly increased angle.

For the implementation of the version according to Fig. 10O, the rear ends of the levers 11, 12 (Fig. 7 - 9) are directed towards each other. The rear tapers or hinges 15, 16 are closer to the axis of the measuring shaft 2 than the front tapers or hinges 17, 18.

As can be seen in Fig. 8, both sensors 4, 5 are located on the same line, due to which the sensor 4 is located between the 65 rotating support 26 and the inner side of the intermediate frame 7, and the sensor 5 is between the outer side of the intermediate frame 7 or the mounting plate 41 and the fixed frame 6.

The measuring shaft 2 is driven from the electric motor 30 through the drive belt 31. The motor 30 rests on the rotating support 26 through the console 32. Thanks to this support, the measurement results are not affected by interference from the operation of the drive.

In the axial direction, the measuring shaft 2 rests on a fixed frame 6 through a compact support 3. Due to this, the influence of dynamic forces, in particular, from the oscillating support of the shaft 2, is reduced, which makes it possible to reduce errors caused by changes in the sensitivity of force sensors due to temperature changes, shocks, overloads, shaking during transportation, moisture, etc., it is less often necessary to replace sensors, to adjust the measuring device after transportation and installation of the machine, maintenance costs are reduced, readiness for 7/0 Measurements is increased, requirements for the resolution of analog-to-digital converters during analog conversion are reduced sensor signals to digital form, the virtual dimensions of the measurement planes increase, despite the compact design. The horizontal support of the shaft allows to reduce the dynamics of forces thanks to the arrangement of two support points on both sides of the rotor.

List of definitions: 15 1 rotor; 2 measuring shaft;

From the support; 4 force sensor; 5 force sensor; 20 6 fixed frame; 7 intermediate frame; 8 support plane; 9 support plane; support plane; ch 25 11 support lever; 12 support lever; (8) 13 support lever; 14 support lever; hinge; so zo 16 hinge; 17 hinge; - 18 hinge; M 19 hinge; hinge; me) 35 21 hinge; y 22 hinge; 23 measuring shaft axis; 24 virtual support point; virtual support point; « 26 rotary support; with c 27 the equilibrium plane; 28 equilibrium plane; ;" 29 locking device;

ZO electric motor; 31 driving passes; c 32 console; 33 locking plate; o 34 stop corner; - And 35 parallel plane; 36 parallel plane; - 37 fastening plate; c 38 mounting plate; 39 fastening plate; 40 fastening plate; 41 mounting plate. at

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is) in 1. A device for measuring the forces caused by rotor imbalance, which contains a measuring shaft (2) rotating in a rotary support (26) around its axis (23), on which a rotor (1) is mounted to perform measurements and a resistance (3) measuring shaft (2) with force sensors (4, 5) on a fixed frame (6), and the support (3) contains an intermediate frame (7) on which the measuring shaft (2) rests in the plane of the support, in which the force sensor is located ( 4), which differs in that the intermediate frame (7) rests on the fixed frame (6) also through 65 the second force sensor (5), and the measuring shaft (2) rests on the intermediate frame (7), and the intermediate frame (7) - on the stationary frame (6) also in the virtual ones formed by the support levers (11, 12, 13, 14 support points (24, 25). 2. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the force sensors (4, 5) are located in the support planes near the rigid intermediate support (7). C. The device according to claims 1-2, which differs in that the force sensors (4, 5) are located in a common support plane (IN). 4. The device according to claims 1-3, which is characterized by the fact that the intermediate frame (7) rests on the fixed frame (6), and the measuring shaft (2) rests on the intermediate frame (7) in such a way that the forces arriving at the sensors (4, 5), lie in the same plane and are directed parallel, in particular, coaxially to each other. 5. The device according to claims 1-4, which differs in that the virtual support points (24, 25) lie outside the 7/o balance planes (27, 28). b. The device according to claims 1-5, which differs in that the virtual support points (24, 25) in the intersections with the measuring shaft (2) form virtual measuring points. 7. The device according to claims 1-6, which is characterized by the fact that the virtual support points (24, 25) pass linearly and perpendicularly to the axis (23) of the measuring shaft. 8. The device according to claims 1-7, which is characterized by the fact that the measuring shaft (2) rests on the intermediate frame (7) also in the second support plane (9), which contains the virtual support point (24) formed by the support levers (13, 14) ), and the intermediate frame (7) rests on the fixed frame (6) in the support plane (8), which contains the sensor (5), by parallel control. 9. The device according to claims 1-8, which is characterized in that the support (3) contains only one virtual support point (24). 10. The device according to claims 1-9, which is characterized by the fact that the only virtual support point (24) lies between the equilibrium planes (27, 28). 11. The device according to claims 1-9, which is characterized by the fact that the only virtual point of support (24) lies between the rotor (1) and the fixed frame (b). 12. The device according to claims 1-7, which differs in that two virtual support points (24, 25) are provided on both sides of the rotor (1). 13. The device according to claims 1-12, which is characterized by the fact that the virtual support point (24) is located in the middle between i) balance planes (27, 28). 14. The device according to claims 1-13, which differs in that the virtual point of support (25) formed by the first pair of support levers (11, 12) lies on the extension of the measuring shaft (2), which is located opposite to the support (3) ) of the measuring shaft (2) in the longitudinal direction of the shaft (2). 15. The device according to claims 1-14, which differs in that the support points (34, 25) are located at the intersections - extensions of each pair of support levers (11, 12 and 13, 14). M 16. The device according to claims 1-15, which is characterized by the fact that the intermediate frame (7) rests on the stationary frame (6) through the first pair of support levers (11, 12) and hinges (15-18), the measuring shaft (2) rests to the intermediate frame (7) through the second pair of support levers (13, 14) and hinges (19-22), and the axes of the hinges (15-22) are essentially perpendicular to the direction in which the forces acting from sensors (4, 5), and the axis (23) of the measuring shaft (2). 17. The device according to claim 16, which is characterized by the fact that the first pair of support levers (11, 12) are located parallel to each other or at an angle, the top of which lies, in fact, on the axis (23) of the measuring shaft (from Ф). 2 s 18. The device according to claims 16-17, which differs in that the support levers (11-14) are made of rigid materials. flat parts that are located between the corresponding hinges (15-22). and?" 19. The device according to claims 16-18, which is characterized by the fact that the flat parts that form the support levers (11-14), with their flat surfaces, lie in the same planes as the axes of the corresponding hinges (15-22). 20. The device according to claims 16-19, which is characterized by the fact that the support levers (11-14) and hinges (15-22) are made as a continuous part, in which the hinges (15-22) are linear weak areas. 21. The device according to claims 16-20, which is characterized by the fact that at least one of the virtual support points (24, 25) is located on the side of the axis (23) of the measuring shaft (2) where the corresponding sensor (4, 5) is located. -And 22. The device according to claims 1-21, which differs in that the support of the measuring shaft (2) on the intermediate frame (7) 5p and the intermediate frame (7) on the stationary frame (6) along the axis of the shaft (2) are carried out next to or one after another Sh- 23. The device according to claims 1-22, which is characterized by the fact that the rotating support (26) contains a bending-hard locking device (29) along the axis of the support plane (8), in which the sensors (4, 5) are located, which rests through an angled pair of support levers (13, 14) and hinges (19-22) on the intermediate frame (7). 24. The device according to claims 1-23, which differs in that the weak areas forming the hinges (15-22) have a convex cross-section. 25. The device according to claims 1-23, which is characterized by the fact that the weak areas forming the hinges (15-22) are made F) in the form of linear perforations. name) 60 b5