UA51823C2 - Electromagnetic device - Google Patents

Abstract

An electromagnetic device comprises at least one magnetic circuit (1) and at least one electric circuit (2, 3) comprising at least one winding (4, 5). The magnetic and electric circuits are inductively coupled to each other. The device comprises a control arrangement (7) to control operation of the device. This control arrangement is adapted to control frequency, amplitude and/or phase as concerns electric power to/from the device by the control arrangement comprising means (9) controlling the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit.

Description

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic device that includes at least one magnetic circuit 2 and at least one electric circuit that includes at least one winding; the magnetic and electric circuits are inductively coupled, and said device includes a control circuit designed to control the operation of the device.

This electromagnetic device can be used in any electrical scheme. It can work in the power range from VA to Л1О00МВА. The device is designed primarily for 10 high-voltage applications, up to the highest voltages transmitted today.

According to the first aspect of the invention, a rotating electric machine is considered. Such electric machines include synchronous machines, which are used mainly as generators in distribution and transmission network schemes, which are referred to below as power networks or power systems. Synchronous machines are also used as motors, as well as for phase compensation and voltage regulation when they are used as idling mechanical machines. Such machines belong to the field of engineering which includes doubly fed machines, asynchronous converter cascades, machines with distinct poles, machines with synchronous magnetic fluxes and asynchronous machines.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the electromagnetic device is formed by a power transformer or a reactor. Transformers are used in all power distribution and transmission systems, and they serve to exchange power between two or more power systems, for which the well-known electromagnetic induction is used. The transformers that relate to this invention belong to the class of so-called power transformers with rated power from several hundred KVA to more than 1000MVA and rated voltage from 3-4KV to very high transmitted voltages - from 400KV to 800KV or higher.

Although the following description of the prior art relating to the second aspect of the invention relates to power transformers, the present invention is also applicable to well-known reactors which may be single-phase or three-phase. As for insulation and cooling of reactors, they are the same as for transformers. Thus, the invention is applicable to air- and oil-insulated, self-cooled, pressurized oil-cooled, etc. reactors. Although reactors have one winding (per phase) and can be with or without a magnetic core, the description of the prior art, however, largely applies to reactors as well. with

At least one winding of an electric circuit may in some embodiments be without a magnetic core, but typically it includes a magnetic core made of a pack of regular or oriented plates or of another, for example, amorphous or powder-based material that provides an alternating magnetic flux , and "pe winding. A transformer based on such a circuit is often provided with some kind of cooling system. In the case of a rotating electric machine, the winding can be located in the stator or the rotor, or both. o

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical essence is an electromagnetic device that contains at least one magnetic circuit and at least one electric circuit that includes at least one winding, and the magnetic and electric circuits are inductively connected to each other, and the device equipped with a scheme /"F control of its operation (05 5036165 A (KISNAKO K. EGTOM ET AM); IRS 6 NOTE, NO2K; 30.07.19911. Z 50 The problem associated with known embodiments of electromagnetic devices of the above design is that , that in them it is either relatively difficult to ensure effective control over a certain range of parameters, or

From" control schemes are relatively expensive. In this connection, it is emphasized that in generator technology, control over operating parameters is carried out through the excitation winding. If the rotor includes electromagnets, such an excitation winding is placed on the rotor. At the same time, the disadvantages are more expensive implementation and difficult management. In the case of a rotor using a permanent magnet, the problem arises due to the fact that it is practically impossible to adjust the excitation. All this, of course, complicates management in general and, in particular, precise regulation.

Another problem with the existing state of the art, including the described device, is that the conventional co-winding technique makes the windings expensive. The known versions of the implementation are also accompanied by significant losses of ka 20 energy and restrictions on the location of the windings in the magnetic circuit.

The basis of the proposed invention is the task of developing such an electromagnetic device, which would have improved capabilities for managing its operation. Another task of the invention is to create better conditions for the rational manufacture of windings and their installation. The tasks are solved by providing a control scheme with means for adjusting the frequency, amplitude and/or phase depending on the 29 electric power at the input/output of the device. At the same time, the management scheme includes management tools

HF) magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit. The proposed invention is based on the idea of using a direct influence (by controlling the flow) on the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit in the desired way, so as to be able to control the operation of the device. This provides a very rational and cost-effective implementation option and, in addition, increases controllability for optimal performance. 60 The problem is solved in the proposed invention, which, like the known electromagnetic device, which contains at least one magnetic circuit and at least one electric circuit, including at least one winding, and the magnetic and electric circuits are inductively connected between itself, and the specified device contains a control circuit designed to control the operation of the device, and, according to the invention, the control circuit is designed to regulate the frequency, amplitude and/or phase of the electric power at the input/output of the device, because for this the control circuit has means of adjusting the magnetic flux in the indicated magnetic circuit,

at least one winding, or at least a part thereof, comprises at least one conductor having an insulation system comprising electrical insulation formed by a solid insulating material and, within it, an inner layer, such that said at least one conductor is located within the inner layer, and the inner layer has an electrical conductivity lower than that of the conductor, but sufficient for the inner layer to provide equalization of the electric field from outside the inner layer.

A feature of the proposed device is that the control means include at least one control winding inductively connected to the magnetic circuit.

A feature of the proposed device is that the control circuit is designed to adjust the magnetic 7/0 resistance of the magnetic circuit.

A feature of the proposed device is that the control circuit adds a magnetic flux component to the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit.

A feature of the proposed device is that a material with a magnetic permeability higher than 1 is used in the magnetic circuit, and the control circuit regulates the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit, changing the magnetic permeability of 7/5 of one or more sections of the magnetic circuit with variable magnetic permeability.

A feature of the proposed device is that the section or sections with variable magnetic permeability include one or more gaps in the magnetic circuit.

A feature of the proposed device is that the magnetic circle does not contain a magnetic core.

A feature of the proposed device is that the winding is wound without a magnetic core.

A feature of the proposed device is that the control winding and the winding of the electric circuit are located in such a way that essentially the same magnetic flux passes through them.

A feature of the proposed device is that it is a reactor that provides regulation, with the help of at least one control winding, of the frequency, amplitude and/or phase of the electric power in the winding of the electric circuit. with

A feature of the proposed device is that the electric circuit contains at least two windings connected in series, and the magnetic circuit has at least two different magnetic flux paths, and the indicated at least one control winding ensures the regulation of the magnetic flux, so that it flows through one or both of the specified paths, and said two windings of the electric circuit are arranged in such a way that one of them can be excluded from the magnetic flux by means of said at least one control winding. з зо A feature of the proposed device is that the magnetic circle is located in the stator or rotor of a rotating electric machine. with

A feature of the proposed device is that the magnetic circuit is made in a transformer, which has the same primary and secondary windings, and the primary, secondary windings and the control winding are located so that the same magnetic flux passes through them. --

A feature of the proposed device is that the secondary winding of the transformer includes at least two winding parts connected in series, the magnetic circuit includes at least two different magnetic flux paths, and at least two existing control windings control the magnetic flux, so , so that it passes through one or both of the specified paths, and the two parts of the secondary winding are located so that one of them can be excluded from the magnetic flux by means of the specified control windings. "

A feature of the proposed device is that it contains a magnetic core, which has at least three z c rods connected in parallel, and two of these rods belong to different magnetic flux paths, and the third is common to the named two magnetic flux paths . ;" A feature of the proposed device is that the insulation system from the outside of the insulation includes an outer layer that has an electrical conductivity greater than the insulation, in order to ensure that the specified outer layer, by grounding it or connecting it to another relatively low potential, performs the function of equalizing the potential.

A feature of the proposed device is that the outer layer, in fact, ensures the conclusion of the electric field, which arises as a result of the presence of the specified electric conductor, inside the named outer layer.

A feature of the proposed device is that the inner layer and solid insulation have, in fact, the same thermal properties. 4) A feature of the proposed device is that the outer layer and solid insulation have essentially the same thermal properties.

A feature of the proposed device is that at least one conductor forms at least one inductive turn.

A feature of the proposed device is that the inner and/or outer layer consists of

F) semiconductor material. A special feature of the proposed device is that the inner layer and/or outer layer has a specific resistance in the range of 1079Ω.cm - 100kΩ.cm, 103 - 1000Ω.cm is suitable, 1 - 5X00Ω.cm is more acceptable. 60 A special feature of the proposed device is that the inner layer and/or the outer layer has a resistance that is in the range of ХОМкОМ - 5МОм per 1 meter of the length of the conductor/insulation system.

A feature of the proposed device is that solid insulation, inner layer and/or outer layer are made of polymer materials.

A feature of the proposed device is that the inner layer and/or outer layer and the solid insulation 65 are rigidly connected to each other, essentially over the entire surface of their contact, so as to guarantee their contact during bending and temperature changes.

A feature of the proposed device is that the solid insulation and the inner layer and/or the outer layer are made of highly elastic materials to maintain mutual adhesion on the wires of the conductors during operation.

A feature of the proposed device is that the solid insulation and the inner layer and/or the outer layer are made of materials that have, in fact, the same modulus of elasticity.

A feature of the proposed device is that the inner layer and/or outer layer and solid insulation are made of materials that have, in fact, the same coefficients of thermal expansion.

A feature of the proposed device is that the conductor and its insulation system make up a winding formed by a flexible cable.

A feature of the proposed device is that the inner layer is in electrical contact with at least one conductor.

A feature of the proposed device is that said at least one electrical conductor contains a number of cores, and at least one core of the electrical conductor is at least partially uninsulated and is in electrical contact with the inner layer.

A feature of the proposed device is that the conductor and its insulation system are designed for high voltage, suitable for more than 1OkV, in particular, more than 36kV and, more acceptable, more than 72.5kV.

A feature of the proposed device is that the magnetic circle includes one or more magnetic cores with grooves for winding.

A feature of the proposed device is that it is a generator, engine or synchronous compensator.

A feature of the proposed device is that it is directly connected to the high-voltage power grid with a voltage suitable for ZbkKV and more, without an intermediate transformer.

A feature of the proposed device is that it is a power transformer/reactor. high school

According to a particularly acceptable variant of the embodiment of the invention, the control means include at least one control winding inductively connected to the magnetic circuit. Accordingly, the control circuit is able to perform, (8) through the control winding, the required control of the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit by applying, through the control winding, such control parameters that the magnetic flux in the magnetic field is properly affected.

The control winding can even be short-circuited. Therefore, in some embodiments, the magnetic flux may not pass through the control winding. Depending on the structure of the magnetic circuit, partial or complete blocking of the magnetic flux may occur. with

Examples of control functions that can be provided by the technical solution according to the present invention include voltage conversion and voltage stabilization, elimination of transient processes, suppression of oscillations in power networks, filtering of higher harmonics, frequency adjustment and phase adjustment (in the case of providing separate phase adjustment) . It should be noted that the control circuit according to the invention can be adapted to add magnetic flux to the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit, that is, the control circuit can work with constant energy sources.

According to the invention, the control of the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit means, for example, in the case of a transformer, that a good control of the voltage of the secondary winding is achieved, so that the voltage satisfies the "set requirements, despite troublesome fluctuations of the voltage of the primary winding or 7) with the load, connected to the secondary winding.

Further details and advantages of flux control according to the present invention in the magnetic circuit will be; clear in the following detailed description.

It is within the scope of the invention that at least one of the windings of an electromagnetic device, or at least a part of said winding, includes at least one flexible electrical conductor having a sheath that is magnetically permeable but capable of essentially containing an electric field. , existing around the conductor. In other words, this means that a flexible electrical conductor and its sheath (in the form of an insulating system) are formed by a flexible cable. Such a solution provides significant advantages in terms of production and installation compared to a rigid one

Go! assembly of a pre-made form, which has been a common practice until now. The insulation system according to the 5th invention, in addition, ensures the absence of gaseous and liquid insulating materials. o Since the electric field generated around the electric conductor in the cable according to the invention is essentially 4) contained within the insulation system, the invention reduces losses, so the device can function with a higher degree of efficiency. The reduction in losses leads, in turn, to a decrease in the temperature of the device, which reduces the need for cooling and makes it possible to use, if necessary, in cooling devices of a simpler design compared to the case without applying this aspect of the present invention. (F, An aspect of the present invention relating to rotating electrical machines is that it becomes possible to operate such a machine at high voltages, so that conventional step-up transformers can be dispensed with. This means that the machine can be operated at much higher voltages , than prior art machines to provide direct connection to power grids. Such a solution means significantly less capital investment in systems with rotating electric machines and that the overall efficiency of the system can be increased. The present invention eliminates the need for special excitation control means in certain areas of the winding which were necessary in the prior art Another advantage is that the invention makes it easier to provide under- or over-magnetization in order to reduce 65 reactive effects due to voltage and current phase mismatch.

A power transformer/reactor aspect of the present invention is that the invention,

firstly, it eliminates the need for oil filling of power transformers and the problems and disadvantages associated with this.

The construction of the winding is such that it includes, along at least part of ITS length, an insulation formed by a solid insulating material, the insulation having an inner layer and an outer layer on the outside, both made of semiconducting material, which makes possible a closed electric field of the entire device inside the winding. The term "solid insulating material" as used herein means that there is no liquid or gaseous insulation in the winding, for example in the form of oil. On the contrary, insulation is made of polymer material. The specified inner and outer layers are also made of polymer, albeit 7/0 semiconductor material.

The inner layer and solid insulation are rigidly connected to each other, in fact, over the entire surface of their contact.

Also, the outer layer and solid insulation are rigidly connected to each other over essentially the entire surface of their contact.

The inner layer exerts an equalizing effect on the potential and, accordingly, on the electric field from outside the inner layer due to its semiconducting properties. The outer layer must also be made of 7/5 Semiconductor material and have at least an electrical conductivity higher than that of the insulation, so that the outer layer, when connected to ground or other relatively low potential, has an equalizing effect on the potential and, in effect, included an electric field arising from the presence of the indicated conductor inside from the outer layer. On the other hand, the outer layer must have sufficient resistivity to minimize electrical losses in it.

The rigid connection between the insulating material and the inner and outer semiconductor layers must be homogeneous, essentially, over the entire contact surface, that is, there must be no cavities, pores, etc. At the high voltage levels considered in this invention, the resulting electrical and thermal loads make very high demands on insulating materials. It is known that the so-called partial discharges (PDs) represent a serious problem for insulating material in high-voltage installations. If cavities, pores, etc., occur at high voltages, internal corona discharges can occur, so that the insulating material gradually deteriorates, and the result of this can be an electrical breakdown through the insulation, which can i) lead to a serious failure of the electromagnetic device. Therefore, the insulation must be uniform.

The inner layer located inside the insulation should have an electrical conductivity lower than that of the conductor, but sufficient for the inner layer to perform the function of equalizing the potential and, accordingly, the electric field from outside the inner layer. This, together with the rigid connection between the inner layer and the electrical insulation, essentially over the entire surface of their contact in the absence of cavities, etc., ensures an essentially uniform electric field outward from the inner layer and a minimal CR line. co

It is more acceptable to make the inner layer and solid electrical insulation from materials that have, in fact, the same coefficients of thermal expansion. The same is more acceptable in relation to the outer layer - so-called solid insulation. This means that the inner and outer layers and the solid electrical insulation form an insulating system that, when the temperature changes, will expand and contract uniformly as a monolithic part, and therefore the specified temperature changes will not lead to destruction or separation of the contact surfaces.

Thus, close contact between the surfaces of the inner, outer layers and solid insulation is ensured, and conditions are created for maintaining such close contact during long periods of operation. "

The bonding shall be of such a nature that bonding, at least between the inner layer and the solid insulation, preferably also between the inner layer and the solid insulation, is provided during the bending to which the conductor and insulation system will be subjected. We emphasize, in order to be able to produce ;" winding, the cable must be flexible or bend with a radius of curvature less than 25 times the value of its diameter, more acceptable, less than 15 times the value of the cable diameter. It is most acceptable for the cable to be flexible, up to a radius of curvature less than or essentially equal to 8 times the diameter c of the cable.

It is important that the insulation system is made of materials that have good elasticity. The modulus of elasticity of materials should be relatively low, that is, the resistance of the material should be relatively low

Go! deformations In order to prevent the appearance of dangerous shear forces in the boundary zone between different layers of the insulation system, it is more acceptable that the elasticity (modulus of elasticity) of the layers of the insulation system should be essentially the same. 4) The electrical loading of the insulation system is reduced due to the fact that the inner and outer layers of semiconductor material around the insulation tend to form essentially equipotential surfaces, and thus the electric field in the insulation will be relatively evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the insulation.

High-voltage power transmission cables with conductors insulated from solid insulating material with inner and outer layers made of semiconductor material are known per se.

F) It has long been known that there should be no defects in the insulation of conductors used for the transmission of electricity. ka However, in high-voltage transmission cables, the electric potential does not change along the length of the cable, but basically remains at the same level. However, high-voltage transmission cables may experience instantaneous potential differences due to short-term events such as lightning. According to the present invention, a flexible cable according to the attached claim is used as a winding in an electromagnetic device.

An additional improvement can be achieved by making the winding conductor from component, so-called cores, at least some of which are isolated from each other. If these cores have a relatively small cross-section 65, a more acceptable, approximately circular, magnetic field penetrating them will have a constant configuration and eddy currents will be minimized.

Thus, according to the invention, the winding is more preferably made in the form of a cable containing a conductor and the insulation system previously described here, the inner layer of which is located around the cores of the conductor.

Outside this inner semiconductor layer is the main insulation of the cable in the form of a solid insulating material.

The outer semiconductor layer according to the invention should have such electrical properties to ensure equalization of the potential along the conductor. The outer layer, however, may not have such electrical conductivity properties, so that the induced current will flow along the surface, which may cause losses, which in turn may create an unwanted thermal load. For the inner and outer /o layers, the resistance requirements (at 20"C) set forth in clauses 22 and 23 of the claims of the invention are valid. As for the inner semiconductor layer, it must have sufficient electrical conductivity to guarantee the equalization of the electric field potentials, but, in at the same time, such a resistance as to ensure coverage of the electric field.

It is important that the inner layer corrects the irregularities of the conductor surface and forms an equipotential /5 surface with a high surface purity in the area of contact with the solid insulation. The inner layer can be formed of variable thickness, but so as to provide a flat surface relative to the conductor and solid insulation. Acceptable thickness range: between 0.5 and mm.

The flexible winding cable, which is used according to the present invention in the electromagnetic device, is an improvement of the cable with insulation from XI PE (cross-linked polyethylene) or ER (ethylene-propylene) 2o rubber. Such an improvement consists, among other things, in the new construction of the conductor from the cores, as well as in the fact that the cable, at least in some embodiments of the invention, does not have an outer sheath for its mechanical protection. However, the invention allows placing a conductive metal screen and an outer shell on top of the outer semiconductor layer. In this case, the metal screen will serve as mechanical and electrical protection, for example, against lightning. It is more acceptable that the internal semiconductor layer of the sch ob is located in the potential zone of the conductor. For this purpose, at least one of the cores of the conductor must be uninsulated and located so that it has good electrical contact with the inner i) semiconductor layer. On the other hand, different cores can alternatively be located in electrical contact with said inner layer.

The production of transformer or reactor windings from the specified cable is associated with significant differences in the distribution of the electric field in standard power transformers/reactors and the power transformer/reactor according to the invention. A significant advantage of the cable winding, according to the invention, is that the electric field is contained in the winding, and that the electric field is absent from the outside of the outer semiconductor layer. The electric field created by the current-carrying conductor takes place only in solid basic insulation. From a constructive and production point of view, this provides the following significant advantages: -- - the windings of the transformer can be manufactured without taking into account any electric field distribution, and the grouping of cores, which was mentioned when referring to the prior art, is not applied; - the transformer core can be made without taking into account any electric field distribution; "- no oil is needed for the electrical insulation of the winding, that is, the medium surrounding the winding can be air; - there are no special connections required for electrical connection between external connections;" transformer and directly connected coils/windings, since the electrical connection, unlike standard installations, is integrated with the winding; - the technology of production and testing of a power transformer, according to the invention, is much simpler than that used for a standard power transformer/reactor, since in this case there is no need for impregnation, drying and vacuum treatments indicated when referring to a known device. - When applying the invention to a rotating electric machine, a significantly reduced thermal load on the stator is achieved. Thus, temporary overloads of the machine will be less critical, which will allow the machine to work under overload for a long period without the risk of a malfunction. This provides significant advantages to the owners of power generating plants, who promptly, in the event of production disruptions, connect the plant to other equipment, thereby meeting the energy supply requirements established by law.

In the case of using a rotating electric machine, according to the invention, operating costs can be significantly reduced, since transformers and circuit breakers are not included in the scheme of connecting the machine to the power grid. (F, It was noted above that the outer semiconductor layer of the winding cable is grounded, that is, it is connected to the ground potential. This is done in order for this layer to be maintained, mainly, under the ground potential along the entire length of the cable. It is allowed to divide the specified outer layer by its bo cutting into a series of parts distributed along the length of the winding cable, each individual part of this layer being grounded by connecting to ground potential, thus ensuring a better uniformity of grounding along the length of the cable.

As mentioned, the solid insulation and the inner and outer layers can be obtained, for example, by extrusion. However, other methods of making them, such as forming these 65 inner and outer layers and insulation by sputtering the material onto the conductor/winding, can also be used with success.

It is more acceptable that the winding cable has a round cross-section. However, if it is necessary to achieve a better density of its laying, other sections of it can be used.

To ensure an increase in voltage in a rotating electric machine, the cable is placed in the grooves of the magnetic core with several consecutive turns. In order to reduce the number of intersections at the ends of the coils, the winding can be made in the form of a multi-layer concentric cable winding. The cable, for better use of the magnetic core, can be made with beveled insulation, for which the shape of the grooves can be adapted to the bevelled insulation of the winding.

A significant advantage of the rotating electric machine according to the invention is that the electric field (E field) in the zone of the ends of the coils from the outside of the outer semiconductor layer is close to zero, and that /o in the presence of the outer shell, which is at ground potential , the electric field does not require adjustment. This means that the field is not concentrated either inside the sheets, or in the end zones of the coils, or in the transitions between them.

According to the method of manufacturing the device according to the invention, the flexible cable is screwed into the holes of the grooves of the magnetic core of the rotating electric machine and is used as a winding. Since the 7/5 cable is flexible, it can be bent, which allows it to be arranged in a coil in the form of several turns. In this case, the ends of the coils will be formed by the bending areas of the cables. The cable can also be articulated in such a way that its properties will remain constant throughout its length. This method is much simpler than known methods. The so-called Röbel rods are not flexible, but they can be given the desired shape in advance.

Insulation winding and impregnation used in the manufacture of modern rotating electric machines are very complex and expensive technological methods.

In summary, it can be said that the electromagnetic device in the form of a rotating electric machine, according to the present invention, has a number of significant advantages compared to the corresponding known machines. First, the machine according to the invention can be directly connected to the power grid at all levels of high voltage. Another important advantage is that the potential of the earth is uniformly distributed, at least along a part, and c is more acceptable - throughout the winding, thanks to which the zone of the ends of the coils can be made compact, and the specified fastening means in this zone can be located, practically, under earth potential. Another important i) advantage is that a rotating electrical machine does not require the oil-based insulation and cooling systems discussed above in relation to power transformers/reactors. This means the absence of sealing problems and the refusal to use the specified dielectric ring. It is also important that all forced cooling can be performed in a structure that is under ground potential. with

Below is a more specific description of examples of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention in the form of a transformer; --

Fig. 2 - a schematic representation of a variant of the transformer; yu

Fig. 3 - a schematic representation of another version of the transformer;

Fig. 4 is an image of an embodiment similar to Fig. 3, but in the form of a reactor;

Fig. 5 - a schematic representation of the version of the embodiment - the generator;

Fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the elements contained in an electrical modified "standard" cable; in c Fig. 7 - axial view of the end of a sector or pole division of a magnetic circuit according to the invention;

Fig. 8 is a view illustrating the distribution of the electric field around the winding of a standard power supply; » transformer/reactor;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a power transformer according to

THE INVENTION; c Fig. 10 is a cross-section of a cable, which is modified compared to the cable shown in Fig. 1, and which contains several conductors; and - Fig. 11 - a cross-section of another cable containing several conductors, but with a different from Fig. 10

Go! construction

The electromagnetic device depicted in Fig. 1 has the nature of a transformer. It includes a magnetic circuit 1 de and two electric circuits 2, C, each of which contains at least one winding in the form of a coil, 4 and 5, respectively. 4) The example illustrates that the transformer includes a core b of magnetic material. A suitable core consists of a package of transformer sheets to reduce eddy current losses. However, it is emphasized that the presence of a core is not mandatory for the application of the invention.

Therefore, options without a core can be included in the scope of the invention. It follows that the term "magnetic circle" should be interpreted in a broad sense. Thus, this term means only that the magnetic field, which (F, is generated by the windings 4, 5, must be capable of generating a magnetic flux. ka The device according to the invention includes a circuit marked 7 for controlling the operation of the transformer. This control circuit 7 adapted to regulate the frequency, amplitude and/or phase of the output electric power of the transformer.

In this example, circuit 2 forms the primary side of the transformer, and circuit C forms the secondary side of the transformer. The output power of the device is taken from the secondary circuit 3, to which the load is connected, schematically marked 8. The load can be of any nature, for example, consumers directly, but also transmission networks and distribution networks. 65 The control circuit 7 includes means 9 of controlling the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit 1. The control means 9 include, for example, at least one control winding inductively connected to the magnetic circuit 1. In this example, the control winding 9 is wound around part of the core b. In the case of a coreless transformer, the control winding 9 must be coordinated with the primary and secondary windings 4 and 5, respectively, so that the magnetic flux induced in the coreless magnetic circuit is inductively coupled

With control winding 9.

It is assumed that the control circuit 7 in a more acceptable embodiment of the invention will be of an active type, that is, the control circuit 7 will be adapted so that it actively regulates, through the control winding 9, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit U to obtain the desired regulation. Also, more preferably, the control circuit 7 has an external power source, so that the control circuit 7 is able to control the magnetic flux /o through the magnetic circuit 1, causing current to flow through the winding 9. The invention provides special advantages in high-voltage applications. This means, respectively, that usually relatively high voltages are expected in electrical circuits 2 and C. However, in this case, it is sufficient for control purposes that the control circuit 7 causes a relatively high current to flow in the winding 9 with a relatively low voltage. For control purposes, control circuit 7 can be adapted to add magnetic flux to the magnetic flux in magnetic circuit 1. This /5 flux component will add to the resulting flux, and suitable control of this flux component will provide the desired output power parameters of secondary circuit 3. Circuit 7 can be adapted to receive, as a basis for performing its control functions, information from the voltmeter 10 about the voltage in the secondary circuit and/or on the load 8, the ammeter 11 serves to measure the current in the secondary circuit 3.

The component of the flow generated by the control circuit 7 can, as mentioned above, be used to adjust the frequency, amplitude and/or phase of the power at the output of the secondary circuit 3.

It should be emphasized that the control circuit 7 can receive external instructions for regulation through the input 12.

In addition, it should be noted that the control circuit 7 can perform passive regulation through the control winding 9. Passive control here means that no energy from an external power source is used for regulation. In this regard, we emphasize that the control circuit 7 can provide a serial or parallel connection of one or more passive elements, such as resistors, capacitors or inductors, with the control i) winding 9. Connection of the specified passive elements with the control winding 9 in the desired way will make the corresponding influence on the magnetic flux, which, in turn, will lead to the corresponding adjustment of the frequency, amplitude and/or phase of the electric power at the output of the device. Figure 1 shows that the device on the primary side includes a voltmeter 13 and an ammeter 14, similar to those on the secondary side. with

Fig. 2 shows a variant of the embodiment - a transformer, which differs from the variant shown in Fig. 1 in that here the magnetic circuit 1 includes a core 6, which has another magnetic rod 16 in addition to the rod on the secondary side, shown in Fig. Fig. 1 and marked by position 15, and rod 17 on the primary side. Thus, the core b in Fig. 2 forms two different magnetic flux paths, which are schematically marked 18 and 19, respectively. The control winding Za in this case is made around the central rod 16, i.e. in the path of the magnetic flux 18, which passes through the primary winding 4 of the transformer. The second path of the magnetic flux 19 bypasses the control winding Za, passing through the secondary winding 5. Therefore, with the help of the control circuit 7, it is possible to influence the magnetic flux of the rod 16 through the control winding 9a, and this, in turn, "

It will affect the magnetic flux in the core 15 through the winding 5 on the secondary side. In other words, in this case, the control winding 9a is connected to only one of the two magnetic flux paths. . The option illustrated in Fig. 3 involves the addition of one more control winding 9r2 to the already considered 901. y? These control windings are made on the rods 166 and 1560, respectively, that is, each is located on its own magnetic flux path 18 and 19. The control circuit 70 includes a control unit 20, which, in turn, controls the control elements 21 and 22, respectively, connected to control windings 901 and 962. By active or passive control of the control elements 21, 22 through the control unit 20, regulation is carried out so that the magnetic flux passes only through one of the magnetic flux paths 18, 19 or is divided between them. - In connection with Fig. 3, it should be noted that the secondary winding 45 of the transformer includes at least two parts

Go! windings 23 and 24 connected in series. The magnetic flux of both paths of the magnetic flux 18, 19 passes through the main part of the winding 23, while only the magnetic flux of the path 19 passes through the part of the winding 24. And this means when the magnetic flux passes only through the rod 1605, which is provided by the control windings 4) 9r1 and 9602, there is no magnetic flux in part of the winding 24. In this way, a lower output voltage is achieved than that required in the case where the magnetic flux passes through path 19, i.e. when all the magnetic flux passes through both secondary windings 23 and 24. Therefore, the control winding 901 is intended, in this version, to interrupt magnetic flux through the rod 165 completely or at least partially.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment - a reactor similar to the transformer in Fig. 3. The difference is

F) because the reactor does not have a secondary side. On the contrary, its power winding is divided into two parts 25 and 26. As in the previous version, there are two control windings Usi and 9c2, with the help of which the magnetic flux is controlled so that it passes through the part of the winding 26 to the desired extent. The entire flux always passes through part of the winding 25.

Figure 5 shows a very simplified version of the generator, the rotor of which is indicated by the position 26. In the given example, the rotor is a permanent magnet rotor. However, a rotor design with excitation windings is possible.

The magnetic circuit 14 here includes an electric output circuit 54, inductively connected to the magnetic flux of the core ba. The core ba has parts located adjacent to the rotor 26 so that the permanent magnets will generate a magnetic flux 65 in the core as the rotor rotates. This flux passes through the output winding 5a and exerts an output action there. The control circuit 74 includes, as in previous versions, a control winding 94,

inductively connected to the magnetic circuit Id. Meters 104 and a, a voltmeter and an ammeter, respectively, are also present here for power output control purposes. Due to the control circuit 74, the control winding Za performs the functions required for regulation, in a passive or active manner, providing the desired properties of the output power of the generator with respect to frequency, amplitude and/or phase.

It should be noted that the drawings depict very simplified versions of the invention, more specifically, only single-phase ones. In practice, the presented options can be more complex, in particular, multiphase. The number of windings and their parts can greatly exceed that discussed here, not only with regard to primary and secondary windings, but also control windings. In addition, magnetic circuits can have a different structure, depending on the functional needs.

In particular, it should be noted that according to the invention, at least one of the available windings includes an electrical conductor surrounded by two spatially spaced equipotential layers, and with a solid insulation placed between said layers. And this means that the electric field around the conductor is, in fact, enclosed in the cable, so that the primary and secondary windings can be freely located anywhere /5 of the magnetic circuit. It is even possible to have rooms between each other. In this connection, it is worth noting that the control scheme is useful for both core transformers and armor transformers.

The winding structure described above is particularly suitable for high voltage applications. It should be emphasized that normally the control winding(s) 9 will have a lower potential than the power windings, which means that the control winding(s) need not necessarily be provided with the same isolation system as at least one of the power windings.

An important condition for the possibility of manufacturing an electromagnetic device according to the invention is the use, at least for one of the windings, of an electric cable with solid electrical insulation with an internal semiconductor layer or shell between the insulation and one or more conductors located inside this layer and the external semiconductor layer or shell located with external insulation. Such cables are used as standard cables in other engineering fields related to power plants, namely, in energy transmission. To enable the description of example embodiment i) of the invention, a brief description of a standard cable will first be given. The internal current-carrying conductor contains a number of cores. An inner semiconductor layer or shell is located around the cores. Around this inner semiconductor layer is a layer of solid insulation. Solid insulation is performed with

Made of polymer material characterized by low electrical losses and high breakdown strength. Examples of specific polymer materials include polyethylene (PE) and, especially, cross-linked polyethylene (XPE), as well as ethylene propylene (ER). A metal screen and an outer insulating shell can be placed around the outer semiconductor layer. Semiconductor layers are made of a polymer material, for example, a copolymer of ethylene with an electrically conductive component, for example, conductive carbon black or carbon black. Such cables will be called power cables.

A more acceptable example of a cable for winding a rotating electric machine is shown in Fig.b.

The cable 41 contains a current-carrying conductor 42, which includes grouped non-insulated and insulated cores. Electromechanically grouped cores with solid insulation can also be used. These cores can be twisted/grouped in several layers. An internal semiconductor layer 43 is located around the conductor, which, in turn, is surrounded by a uniform layer of solid insulating material. Insulation 44 is not liquid or gaseous type insulation. The layer 44 is surrounded by an outer semiconductor layer 45. The cable used in a more acceptable embodiment as a winding may have a metal shield and outer shell, but this is not desirable. In order to eliminate the induced currents and associated losses in the outer semiconductor layer 45, this layer is divided by a cut more acceptable at the end of the coil, that is, in the transitions from the sheet package to the end windings. The division is carried out so that the specified layer 45 s is divided into several parts located along the cable, which are completely or partially electrically separated from each other. Each individual part of the layer is then grounded so that the outer semiconductor layer 45 is at or near ground potential throughout the cable. It means that around

Go! windings isolated by solid insulation at the ends of the coils, the contact surfaces, as well as surfaces contaminated 5r After some period of operation, will be at a very small potential with respect to ground, which will cause very small electric fields. 4) To optimize the operation of a rotating electric machine, the design of the elements of the magnetic circuit, such as grooves and teeth, is of crucial importance. As mentioned above, the grooves should be located as close as possible to the shell of the sides of the coils. It is also desirable that the teeth on each radial level be as wide as possible. This is important for minimizing losses, for meeting magnetization requirements, etc. of the machine.

When used as a conductor for winding, for example, the cable described above, large ones appear

F) possibilities of optimizing the magnetic core from several points of view. The magnetic circuit of the stator of a rotating electric machine will be described below. Fig. 7 shows an axial view from the end of the sector/pole division 46 of the machine according to the invention. In this figure, the rotor with the rotor pole is marked with the position 47. The stator, as usual, consists of a plate core, made of plates or sheets made of electrical steel, which have been successfully given the shape of a sector. From the rear part 48 of the core, located at the radial end face, radially inward in the direction of the rotor, a row of teeth 49 protrudes. Between the teeth, there is a corresponding row of grooves 50. The use of cables 51, described above, among other things, allows you to increase the depth of the grooves for high-voltage machines compared to known machines. The grooves have a cross-section that 65 Narrows in the direction of the rotor, because for each layer of winding the need for insulation of the cable in the direction of the rotor is reduced. As can be seen in this figure, the groove has a circular cross-section 52 and is located around each layer of the winding with sections 53 tapering between the layers. With some caveat, such a groove cross-section can be called a "cyclic chain groove". Since a high-voltage machine will require a large number of layers, and the availability of cables of suitable sizes with suitable insulation and outer N-semiconductor layer is limited, in practice it may be difficult to provide the desired continuous tapering of the cable insulation and the stator slot, respectively. In the example of implementation shown in Fig.7, cables of three different sizes are used, located section by section in three sections 54, 55 and 56 of the corresponding sizes, i.e. with obtaining in practice a modified cyclic chain groove. This figure also shows that the teeth of the stator 49 can have a practically constant width throughout the depth of the groove. 70 It should be noted that the parts of the winding marked 54, 55 and 56 in Fig. 7 correspond to the winding 5a in Fig. 5. In Fig. 7 one or more windings corresponding to the control winding 9 in Fig. 5 are indicated by the position 40. These control windings 40 in this embodiment of the invention are located at the greatest radial distance from the rotor. But it is not necessary to place the control winding 9 in the position marked 40 in Fig.7.

According to an alternative embodiment, the cable used as a winding can be /5 standard power cable described above. The grounding of the outer semiconductor layer 45 is carried out by opening the metal screen and the cable sheath in the appropriate places.

The invention covers a large number of alternative implementations depending on the dimensions of the available cable, when it comes to insulation and outer semiconductor layer, etc. In addition, embodiments with so-called cyclic chain grooves can be modified to an even greater extent than described here.

As mentioned above, the magnetic circuit can be located in the stator and/or rotor of a rotating electric machine.

However, the design of the magnetic circuit will generally be as described above, regardless of whether it is located in the stator and/or the rotor.

As a winding, the more common multi-layer concentric cable winding is used. Such a winding minimizes the number of crossings at the ends of the coils by placing all the coils within the same group radially outward from each other. It also provides a simplified way of manufacturing the stator winding and screwing it into various grooves. Since the cable used according to the invention is easily i) bendable, the winding can be obtained by means of a relatively simple operation of screwing the flexible cable into the holes 52 of the grooves 50.

Fig. 8 shows a simplified, basic view illustrating the distribution of the electric field around the winding s of a conventional power transformer/reactor, on which position 57 is the winding, position 58 is the core, and position 59 is the equipotential lines, that is, lines where the electric field has the same value with

It is assumed that the lower part of the winding is at ground potential. co

The distribution of the potential determines the structure of the insulation system, since it is necessary to have sufficient insulation between adjacent turns of the winding and between each winding and the ground. This figure thus shows that the insulation of the upper part of the winding is subjected to the highest loads. The design and location of the winding relative to the core is thus determined mainly by the distribution of the electric field in the core window.

The cable that can be used in the windings of dry transformers/reactors, according to the invention, is described with reference to Fig.1. As previously indicated, the cable may be provided with other additional outer layers for special purposes, for example to prevent excessive electrical loads « 70 on other areas of the transformer/reactor. The area of the conductors of the cable is 2-30002mm, and the outer diameter of the SHE of the cable is 20-250mm. Power transformer/reactor windings made from the cable described herein in the "Brief of the Invention" section "" can be used for single-phase, three-phase and multi-phase transformers/reactors regardless of the shape of the core. Fig. 8 shows an example of a three-phase transformer with a plate core. The core contains, as usual, three rods 60, 61 and 62 and retaining yokes (crossbars) 63 and 64. In this embodiment, the rods and yokes have a cross-section that tapers along their length.

The windings formed by the cable are located concentrically around the core rods. As can be seen from Fig. 9, this embodiment has windings, each formed by three concentric turns 65, 66 and 67. The innermost (ee) turn 65 can be a primary winding, and the other two winding turns 63 and 64 are secondary windings. In order not to overload the drawing with too many details, the connections of the windings are not shown. On the other hand, it can be seen in this figure that in certain places around the windings there are intermediate rods 68 and 69, which perform several different functions. Intermediate rods are indicated, which can be made of insulating material and are designed to provide a defined space between concentric winding turns for their cooling, fastening, etc. These rods can also be made of conductive material in order to

To make, thus, a part of the grounding system of the windings.

Figure 9 does not show the control windings 9.

F, In the version of the cable design shown in Fig. 10, the same reference positions are used as before, but only with the addition of the letter "a". In this embodiment, the cable contains several electrical conductors 42a separated by insulation 44a. In other words, insulation 44a serves as insulation between individual or adjacent conductors 42a and between the latter and their surrounding elements. Different conductors 42a can be arranged in different ways, providing cables of different cross-sections. As shown in Fig. 10, the conductors 42a are located in a straight line with a relatively flat cross-section of the cable. From this we can conclude that the shape of the cable cross-section can vary widely.

In the embodiment of the invention, shown in Fig. 10, the voltage between adjacent conductors is approximately less than 65 phase voltage. In particular, it is assumed that the conductors 42a are wound differently in the winding, as a result of which the voltage between adjacent conductors is relatively low.

As noted above, the semiconductor outer layer 45a outside the insulation 44a is formed from a solid insulating material. Each conductor 42a is surrounded by an inner layer 4Za of semiconductor material, that is, each conductor has its own inner semiconductor layer 4Za surrounding it. This 4Za layer will, accordingly, serve to equalize the potential of a single conductor.

In the version of the cable design shown in Fig. 11, the same reference positions are used, but with the addition of the letter "p". In this version, several, specifically, three conductors 425 are provided. It is assumed that there is a phase voltage between these conductors, that is, a much higher voltage than between the conductors 42a in the /o version of the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 10. As shown in Fig. 11, three conductors 42B are located inside the internal semiconductor layer 4365. However, each conductor 425 is additionally surrounded by its own layer 70, the properties of which correspond to the properties of the specified inner layer 435. Between each layer 70 and layer 436 is an insulating material. Accordingly, the layer 4365 will serve as an equalizing layer outside the additional layers of semiconducting material bO belonging to the /5 electrical conductors, the layers 70, being connected to the corresponding electrical conductors 426, are at the same potential as appropriate conductors.

It is obvious that the invention is not limited only to the examples described above. It is clear to a person skilled in the art that within the scope of the basic concept of the invention defined by the appended claims, a number of appropriate detailed modifications are possible. For example, the invention is not limited to the specific materials exemplified above. Other functionally equivalent materials can be used instead. In the manufacture of insulation, in accordance with the invention, technological methods other than extrusion and spraying can be used, which ensure tight contact between different layers. In addition, additional equipotential layers can be provided. For example, one or more equipotential layers of semiconductor material can be located between the above-mentioned "inner" and "outer" layers. It should be noted once again that, according to the invention, it is not usually necessary to make the control winding 9 from a flexible cable as described above, since the control winding or control windings are, as a rule, under a lower voltage than the other windings of the electromagnetic device, which is considered

More specifically, these other windings may be really high-voltage windings. As for the rest, the control principle in the embodiment of the method according to the invention may change depending on the required control functions. with high school

Claims (36)

The formula of the invention p 1. An electromagnetic device that contains at least one magnetic circuit (1) and at least one electromagnetic circuit (2, 3), which includes at least one winding (4, 5), and the magnetic and electric circuits are are inductively interconnected, and the device contains a control circuit (7) for its operation, which is characterized by the fact that the control circuit (7) is designed to regulate the frequency, amplitude and/or phase of the electric power at the input/output of the device, for which the control circuit has means (9) for adjusting the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit, said at least one winding (4, 5) or at least a part thereof contains at least one "conductor (42) which has an insulation system including electrical insulation (44) formed by a solid insulating material and, inside it, an inner layer (43), so that said at least one conductor (42) is located inside the inner layer (43), and the inner layer has an electrical conductivity lower than » electrical conductivity of the conductor, but sufficient so that the inner layer (43) provides equalization of the electric field from the outside of the inner layer. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means include at least one control winding (9) inductively connected to the magnetic circuit. C. The device according to claim 1 or 2, which differs in that the control circuit (7) is designed to regulate the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit. ooo 4. The device according to any of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that the control circuit adds the 5p component of the magnetic flux to the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit. eat) 5. The device according to n, C, which is characterized by the fact that the magnetic circuit uses a material with a magnetic permeability higher than 71, and the control circuit (7) regulates the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit by changing the magnetic permeability of one or more sections of the magnetic circuit having variable magnetic permeability. 6. The device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the section or sections having variable magnetic permeability include one or more gaps in the magnetic circuit. 7. The device according to any of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the magnetic circle does not contain (F) a magnetic core. GI 8. The device according to any of claims 1-6, which is characterized in that the winding is wound without a magnetic core (6). in 9. The device according to claim 2 or one or more other points, which is characterized by the fact that the control winding (9) and the winding (4, 5) of the electric circuit are arranged in such a way that essentially the same magnetic flux passes through them. 10. The device according to any of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that it is a reactor that provides regulation, with the help of the indicated at least one control winding, of the frequency, amplitude and/or phase of the electric power in the winding (4, 5 ) of the electric circuit. 65 11. The device according to any one of claims 1-8 or 10, which is characterized in that the electric circuit (2) contains at least two windings (23, 24) connected in series, and the magnetic circuit has at least two different paths of the magnetic flux (18, 19), and said at least one control winding provides regulation of the magnetic flux so that it flows through one or both of said paths, and said two windings of the electric circuit are arranged in such a way that one of them can be excluded from magnetic flux using the indicated at least one control winding. 12. The device according to any of claims 1-9 or 11, which is characterized by the fact that the magnetic circuit is located in the stator or rotor of a rotating electric machine. 13. The device according to any of claims 1-9, which is characterized by the fact that the magnetic circuit (1) is made in a transformer that has primary and secondary windings (4, 5), and the primary, secondary windings and the control winding 7/0 (9) are located so that the same magnetic flux passes through them. 14. The device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the secondary winding of the transformer includes at least two winding parts connected in series, the magnetic circuit includes at least two different magnetic flux paths (18, 19) , and at least two available control windings (901, 9602, 9c1, 9c2) control the magnetic flux so that it passes through one or both of the specified paths, and the two parts of the secondary 7/5 winding are located so that one of them can be excluded from magnetic flux using the specified control windings. 15. A device according to any one of claims 11 and 14, characterized in that it contains a magnetic core having at least three rods connected in parallel, and two of said rods belong to different magnetic flux paths and the third is common to the named two magnetic flux paths. 16. A device according to any of the preceding points, characterized in that the insulating system from the outside of the insulation includes an outer layer (45) having an electrical conductivity greater than that of the insulation to ensure that said outer layer performs by grounding it or connecting it to another relatively low potential, potential equalization functions. 17. The device according to any of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the outer layer, in fact, provides placement of the electric field arising from the presence of the specified electric conductor (42) inside the said outer layer (45). and) 18. A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner layer (43) and the solid insulation have essentially the same thermal properties. 19. The device according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the outer layer (45) and the solid insulation have essentially the same thermal properties. 20. The device according to any of the preceding points, which is characterized in that at least one conductor (42) c forms at least one inductive turn. co 21. The device according to any of the previous items, which is characterized in that the inner and/or outer layer (43, 45) consists of a semiconductor material. -- 22. The device according to any of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the inner layer (43) or the outer layer (45) has a specific resistance in the range of 1079 Ohm. cm - 100 kΩ. cm, acceptable 1073 - 1000 ohms. cm, 1-500 Ohm is more acceptable. see 23. The device according to any of the preceding points, which is characterized in that the inner layer (43) and/or the outer layer (55) has a resistance which per 1 meter of the length of the conductor/insulation system is in the range of 50 μΩ - 5 MOm. - with 24. The device according to any of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the solid insulation (44), the inner layer (43) and/or the outer layer (45) are made of polymeric materials. ," 25. The device according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the inner layer (43) and/or the outer layer (45) and the solid insulation (44) are rigidly connected to each other, essentially over their entire surface contact, so as to guarantee their contact during bending and temperature changes. 1 26. The device according to any of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the solid insulation and the inner layer and/or the outer layer are made of highly elastic materials to maintain mutual adhesion on the conductor strands during operation. (uh) 27. A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid insulation and the inner 7 50 layer and/or the outer layer are made of materials having essentially the same modulus of elasticity. 28. The device according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the inner layer (43) and/or the outer layer (45) and the solid insulation (44) are made of materials that have essentially the same coefficients of thermal expansion . 29. The device according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the conductor (42) and its insulation system form a winding formed by a flexible cable (41). at 30. The device according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the inner layer (43) is in electrical contact with at least one conductor (42). name) 31. The device according to claim 30, which is characterized in that said at least one electrical conductor (42) contains a number of cores, and at least one core of the electrical conductor (42) is at least partially insulated and is in electrical contact with inner layer (43). 32. A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductor (42) and its insulation system are designed for high voltage, suitably above 10 kV, in particular above 36 kV and more suitably above 72.5 kV. 33. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the magnetic circuit includes one or more magnetic cores (48) with grooves (50) for the winding (41). 34. The device according to any one of claims 12 and 32-33, which is characterized by the fact that it is a generator, a motor or a synchronous compensator. 35. The device according to any one of claims 12 and 33-34, which is characterized by the fact that it is directly connected to a high-voltage power network with a voltage of 36 kV or more, without an intermediate transformer. 36. The device according to any of claims 1-11 and 13-32, characterized in that it is a power transformer/reactor. Official bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2002, M 12, 15.12.2002. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. s (8) so s s "- IS c) - with . and? 1 - (ee) with 50 syu» F) ime) 60 b5