UA51111A - Unit for milling - Google Patents

Abstract

Unit for milling has a case, loading and discharge appliances, rotor with hinged to it working elements, arranged as installed in sequences rows of flat hammers and blade knives, and a counter-cut plate. Flat hammers are made with larger length than the blade knives, and the counter-cut plate is made with slots, to which going out ends of flat hammers go; at that lengths of flat hammers and blade knives, from the center of suspension to the end of working edge, are related by a respective relationship.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to devices for grinding materials, namely: impact devices, and can be used in the construction, chemical industries and in agriculture for grinding long fiber and stem materials.

Known devices for grinding, which include a casing, a loading and unloading device, a rotor with working elements hinged on it, made in the form of flat hammers. At the same time, the casing is equipped with a ribbed deck and sieves (see, for example, USSR author's certificate Mo 749428, 70. Vvo2s18/06, 1980).

The disadvantages of such shredding devices are that flat hammers do not provide a given cutting length of long-fiber and stem materials, such as, for example, wood shavings, thin-stemmed and thick-stemmed plant raw materials for the purpose of their further processing: - pressing of wood chipboards, fodder briquettes, drying, etc., that is, where a strong connection between particles or uniformity of moisture release is required. At the same time, the presence of a ribbed deck and sieves leads to regrinding of materials due to repeated circulation in the grinding chamber. The above-mentioned crushed material does not satisfy, for example, the conditions of pressing, as the briquettes or slabs made from crushed materials lose strength, are not easily transported and stored. Along with this, the slabs become unsuitable for making structures. In addition, when drying crushed materials, small particles burn out and part of the material is lost during the production of fodder briquettes from vegetable raw materials.

Excluding the tray and sieves from the design of the grinding device also does not lead to the desired result, since with the required splitting, the material is crushed extremely unevenly along the length of the particles, which, again, negatively affects the drying or pressing process. Here, with sufficient splitting of the material, the uniformity of the particles along the length must also be maintained.

The prototype is the closest in technical essence to the shredding device, which includes a casing, a loading and unloading device, a rotor with working elements hinged on it, made in the form of alternately arranged rows of flat hammers and bladed knives, and a counter-cutting plate. At the same time, the casing is equipped with a deck, made in the form of cascades of spring-loaded disk cutters, the axes of rotation of which are inclined to the axis of rotation of the rotor at an acute angle, and the blade knives have grooves for the insertion of disk cutters into them (see auto. svid. USSR Mo 698651, VO2С 18/14, VO2S 18/18, 1980). "--

Disadvantages of such a shredding device are also significant grinding of materials intended for further pressing in order to make wood-chipboards or fodder briquettes from them due to (7) the presence of a deck in the casing of the device made in the form of cascades of disk cutters. Here, as in the analogue , the exception "-- deky also does not lead to the desired result for this reason.

Z The layer of material that entered the grinding chamber is split with flat hammers along the fibers, and a running row of bladed knives cuts it in the transverse direction. Therefore, from the end of the splitting of the material by flat hammers to the beginning of cutting off the layer entering the grinding chamber, some time li passes in the transverse direction, equal to the angle Ф (distance), at which the rows of hammers are fixed from the rows « ю of bladed knives, divided by the angular speed ох of rotation rotor, i.e. bottom During this period of time Z

Ho c the length of the layer of material entering the grinding chamber will increase by the value of LAZ, which is equal to the productive speed of feeding 4, the layer of material into the grinding chamber for a period of time Li, i.e.

ABZ

Thus, by the time the blade knives interact with the material, a layer of unsplit material 1 with a length of 5 will arrive, i.e. the particles split along the fibers will be bound at the base (like a bone for applying paint), as a result of which the effectiveness of longitudinal and transverse grinding is lost. In other words, particles of material evenly chopped along their length will not be completely split. At the same time, the efficiency of their processing (drying) and processing (pressing) is lost. -k 70 The task of the invention is to develop a structure for a grinding device, in which, by improving the structural and technological scheme, based on a new set of structural elements, their mutual 7" location and the presence of connections between them, the necessary quality of longitudinal and transverse grinding of materials is ensured , which achieves the quality of the final product.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the device for grinding, which includes a casing, 25 loading and unloading devices, a rotor with hinged working parts fixed on it. elements made in the form of alternately arranged rows of flat hammers and blade knives and a counter-cutting plate, flat hammers are made longer than blade knives, and the counter-cutting plate is made with grooves into which the protruding ends of the flat hammers are inserted, while the length of the flat hammers and blade knives from the center the axes of the suspension to the edge of the working edge are related by the dependence:

F

And In not ' where Id; - LENGTH of the flat hammer;

Id" LENGTH of the blade knife; 94 the speed of feeding the material into the grinding chamber); because Ф is the angle between adjacent rows of flat hammers and blade knives;

is the angular speed of rotation of the rotor.

At the same time, the execution of flat hammers with a longer length than blade knives, and the counter-cutting plate with grooves into which the protruding ends of the flat hammers are inserted ensures splitting of the layer of material entering the grinding chamber over a longer section than it would be in the case if the lengths of flat hammers and blade knives were were equal. And this provides transverse cutting of the already split layer of material, i.e. the quality of longitudinal and transverse grinding is ensured, which satisfies the technological conditions of its drying and subsequent pressing for the production of fodder briquettes or wood chipboards. 70 The revealed relationship between the lengths of flat hammers and bladed knives guarantees the optimal value of these lengths, at which only material particles split along the fibers are cut off in the transverse direction, and re-grinding of the already split material by the next row of flat hammers, which would happen if they were longer than the optimal length or under-splitting (under-grinding) - if they were shorter than the optimal length.

Thus, the revealed dependence guarantees the reliability of the grinding quality, which ensures the fulfillment of the technological conditions for further processing of the obtained raw materials (drying and further pressing).

In fig. 1 schematically shows the general view of the grinding device; in fig. 2 - section along A-A in fig. 1.

The crushing device includes a casing 1 with an unloading device 2 and a loading device, which consists of a conveyor З and a lower 4 and a spring-loaded upper 5 feeding rollers, an anti-cutting plate 6 with grooves 7 installed after the loading device. In the middle of the casing 1, a rotor 8 is installed with hinged on it with working elements made in the form of alternately arranged rows of flat hammers 9 and bladed knives 10, while the length of the flat hammers is greater than the length of the bladed knives by the value av - and the grooves 7 of the counter-cutting plate 6 are made of

With the possibility of inserting the projecting ends of flat hammers into them 9.

The shredder works like this.

The material to be crushed is fed to the conveyor Z of the loading device, which transports it to the feed rollers 4 and 5. The feed rollers 4 and 5 pinch it (the material), press it, and then feed it to the anti-cutting plate b in the grinding chamber. Running flat hammers 9 split the received layer of material in the longitudinal direction. At the same time, the presence of grooves 7 in the counter-cutting plate 6 contributes to a better splitting of the material, as additional cutting pairs are created by the protruding "-- ends of the flat hammers 9 and the edges of the grooves 7 of the counter-cutting plate 6, as well as the splitting of the material layer on the required segment. --

Next, running blade knives 10 cut off the already split layer of material in the transverse direction. At the same time, due to the execution of the lengths of flat hammers U and blade knives 10 depending on the transitions

Under-splitting (under-grinding) or over-grinding of the material is prevented, i.e. due to the optimal length of both flat hammers 9 and bladed knives 10 in combination with the execution of counter-cutting plate b with grooves 7, the quality of longitudinal and transverse grinding is ensured, which corresponds to the technological conditions drying and subsequent pressing of the obtained raw materials for the production of fodder briquettes, chipboards, etc. :z» The presence of feeding rollers 4 and 5, one of which is spring-loaded, and the counter-cutting plate b contributes to a good pinching of the material and the creation of a support when it is split along the fibers and cut in the transverse direction, which provides better grinding conditions and reduces the energy consumption of the process. sl that Hinged fastening of working elements on the rotor 8 prevents breakdowns of the grinding device when foreign solid objects fall into it. 10 pieces of material split along the fibers with the help of flat hammers are brought to a weighted state and are taken out of the grinding chamber in the accumulator through the discharge nozzle 2.

Claims (1)

Formula of the invention - A device for grinding, which contains a casing, a loading and unloading device, a rotor with hinged working elements fixed on it, made in the form of alternately arranged rows of 59 flat hammers and bladed knives, and a counter-cutting plate, which is characterized by the fact that flat hammers, in. are made longer than blade knives, and the counter-cutting plate is made with grooves into which the protruding ends of flat hammers are inserted, while the lengths of flat hammers and blade knives from the center of the suspension axis to the edge of the working edge are related by dependence: 60 women, GU, where Ip - the length of a flat hammer; I. - the length of the blade knife; For 7, the speed of feeding the material into the grinding chamber; 7 - the angle between adjacent rows of flat hammers and b5 bladed knives; « - angular speed of rotation of the rotor.